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on History and Philosophy of Economics |
| By: | Emmanuel Petit (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Emotions have been gradually integrated into economic analysis over the past thirty years. Hope, however, remains an emotion little mobilized by economists. None of the closely related concepts of common use in economics corresponds to the consensual definition found in psychology. By relying on notions such as expectations, aspirations, optimism, anticipations or even confidence, behavioral economics provides the first (admittedly insufficient) milestones for an economic theory of hope. By relying on the psychological theory of Richard Snyder, and comparing it to the transactional approach of John Dewey, we show that hope can be perceived as a mode of conduct capable of producing a transformation in individual behavior. By mobilizing the institutional theory of John Commons—and in particular the notion of "futurity"—it appears that the transactional conception of hope deepens the nature of anticipations in institutional theory. |
| Keywords: | hope, Psychological theory, Behavior, Anticipation, Snyder (Richard), Commons (John R.), Dewey (John), espoir, théorie psychologique, comportement, anticipation |
| Date: | 2024–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04715066 |
| By: | Benoît Walraevens (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article offers a cross-reading of Smith and Rawls in order to highlight the fundamental role of sympathy, moral sentiments and the idea of reciprocity they contain in Rawls's theory of justice as fairness, and more specifically in the possibility of ensuring the stability of the ideal, well-ordered society through the development of an appropriate sense of justice. I study their respective moral anthropologies and their analyses of guilt, resentment, indignation and envy, highlighting the fundamental role these moral sentiments play in social cooperation. |
| Abstract: | Cet article propose une lecture croisée de Smith et de Rawls afin mettre en exergue le rôle fondamental de la sympathie, des sentiments moraux et de l'idée de réciprocité qu'ils contiennent dans la théorie de la justice comme équité de Rawls, et plus particulièrement dans la possibilité d'assurer la stabilité de la société idéale, bien ordonnée, grâce au développement d'un sens de la justice approprié. Nous étudions ainsi leurs anthropologies morales respectives et leurs analyses de la culpabilité, du ressentiment, de l'indignation et de l'envie, soulignant le rôle fondamental que jouent ces sentiments moraux dans la coopération sociale. |
| Keywords: | Smith (Adam), Rawls (John), moral sentiments, reciprocity, cooperation, sentiments moraux, réciprocité, coopération |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04700018 |
| By: | Witztum, Amos |
| Abstract: | Natural liberty is a powerful idea of social order. However, a tension has always existed between its reality and social values. Here, I try to identify where the fault line may lie between an order that fulfils social expectation and one that does not. I claim that throughout history, this fault line had been manifested in the distinction drawn between the concepts of price and value. The first emerges in markets and the second reflects social expectations. Juxtaposing the two reveals either harmony or dissonance between natural liberty and social expectations. Convergence then is a necessary condition for social validity. |
| Keywords: | alue and price dichotomy; ethics-economics relationship; natural liberty |
| JEL: | A10 A12 A13 B10 B11 B12 B13 B14 B20 B41 |
| Date: | 2024–09–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125698 |
| By: | Barrios, John; Lancieri, Filippo Maria; Levy, Joshua; Singh, Shashank; Valletti, Tommaso M.; Zingales, Luigi |
| Abstract: | We conduct a survey of economists and a representative sample of Americans to infer the reduction in the perceived value of a paper when its authors have conflicts of interest (CoI), i.e., they have financial, professional, or ideological stakes in the outcome of the results. On average, a CoI decreases trust in the conclusions of an economics paper by 30%. This reduction in trust reflects a combination of the frequency of conflicted papers and the bias of papers when they are conflicted. To isolate the second term, we introduce a key construct: the CoI Discount, which measures the reduction in the value of a conflicted paper relative to a nonconflicted one. We show that, on average, conflicted papers are worth less than half of non-conflicted ones, though this effect varies significantly depending on the nature of the conflict. The discount is more pronounced when the conflict involves the interest of a private rather than a public entity. Restricted data access also leads to a substantial discount. We validate our survey based estimates by comparing them to actual biases observed in conflicted papers within the economics and medical literature. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:cbscwp:304408 |
| By: | Lorenz Gschwent; Bj\"orn Hammarfelt; Martin Karlsson; Mathias Kifmann |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the evolving role of health economics within economic research and publishing over the past 30 years. Historically largely a niche field, health economics has become increasingly prominent, with the share of health economics papers in top journals growing significantly. We aim to identify the factors behind this rise, examining how health economics contributes to the broader economic knowledge base and the roles distinct subfields play. Using a combination of bibliometric methods and natural language processing, we classify abstracts to define health economics. Our findings suggest that the mainstreaming of health economics is driven by innovative, high-quality research, with notable cyclicality in quality ratings that highlights the emergence and impact of distinct subfields within the discipline. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2410.06313 |
| By: | Imane Bounahr (Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Sociales Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca); Younes El Khattab (Faculté des Sciences Juridiques Economiques et Sociales Mohammedia, Université Hassan II de Casablanca) |
| Abstract: | This study synthesizes research on the relationship between educational human capital and economic growth. The approach is exclusively theoretical and is based on a review of the existing literature. We limited our selection to the most influential studies, chosen randomly. From this review, we distinguished two main categories of education studies: those focusing on the quantity of education and those examining its quality. This distinction often leads to contradictory results, thereby enhancing the interest of our analysis. The examination of the studies reveals a notable methodological diversity, both in how education is measured and in the econometric specifications of the models. The geographical contexts and studied periods also vary, further complicating the interpretation of the results. The conclusions are mixed: some studies demonstrate a significant positive effect of education on growth, while others do not identify a clear link or even suggest a negative impact. Economists focused on quantity argue that access to education is the main driver of growth. In contrast, those focused on quality contend that growth cannot be sustainable without investing in quality skills, whether cognitive or non-cognitive, as these skills are crucial for innovation and competitiveness in the global market. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude synthétise les recherches portant sur la relation entre le capital humain éducatif et la croissance économique. L'approche adoptée est exclusivement théorique et repose sur une revue de la littérature existante. Nous avons restreint notre sélection aux études les plus influentes, choisies de manière aléatoire. À partir de cette revue, nous avons distingué deux grandes catégories d'études sur l'éducation : celles qui se concentrent sur la quantité d'éducation et celles qui examinent sa qualité. Cette distinction entraîne souvent des résultats contradictoires, renforçant ainsi l'intérêt de notre analyse. L'examen des études révèle une diversité méthodologique notable, tant dans les modes de mesure de l'éducation que dans les spécifications économétriques des modèles. Les contextes géographiques et les périodes étudiées varient également, compliquant davantage l'interprétation des résultats. Les conclusions sont contrastées : certaines études démontrent un effet positif significatif de l'éducation sur la croissance, tandis que d'autres n'identifient pas de lien clair ou suggèrent même un effet négatif. Les économistes axés sur la quantité estiment que l'accès à l'éducation est le principal moteur de la croissance. En revanche, ceux axés sur la qualité soutiennent que la croissance ne peut être durable sans un investissement dans des compétences de qualité, qu'elles soient cognitives ou non cognitives, ces compétences étant cruciales pour l'innovation et la compétitivité sur le marché mondial. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth, human capital, education, endogenous growth theories, literature review, croissance économique, capital humain, éducation, théories de la croissance endogène, revue de la littérature. |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04740682 |