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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
|
Issue of 2021‒08‒30
seventeen papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | FERREIRA Valeria; ALMAZÁN-GÓMEZ Miguel Ángel; NECHIFOR VOSTINARU Victor (European Commission - JRC); FERRARI Emanuele (European Commission - JRC); DIALLO Souleymane Sadio |
| Abstract: | A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is a comprehensive and economy-wide database recording data on all transactions that take place in an economy over a period of time, usually one year. It has two principal objectives. On the one hand, it presents a complete picture of the economy, taking into account the economy's structure and the interrelationships between economic agents. On the other hand, it provides a coherent framework to analyse how the economy works and to predict the effects of policy interventions through its use as a database in multisectoral linear models by calculating multipliers, and in the calibration and exploitation of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models. This report presents the Côte d’Ivoire's SAM for 2015, with the main purpose of providing a suitable database for implementing and evaluating the country's own developmental social and economic policies and initiatives. For this purpose, the basic structure of a SAM is presented, explaining the meaning of each account. Then, the accounts included in the SAM of Côte d'Ivoire are explained in detail covering the main aspects of its construction and estimation. This SAM has the advantage of including the Household Production for Household Consumption (HPHC) approach and a high disaggregation of the agricultural and food sector, which is very important for an economy like the Ivorian case. Finally, the SAM is used as a database to perform a descriptive analysis of the Ivorian economy and to obtain results of employment, output and value added multipliers with the application of a linear multiplier analysis. Annex 3 explains how to download the matrix available online. |
| Keywords: | Social Accounting Matrices, Côte d'Ivoire Economy, linear multisectoral models |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc125648&r= |
| By: | Liang, Qiao; Bai, Rongrong; Dong, Han |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Production Economics, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312729&r= |
| By: | Dominique Desbois (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AgroParisTech) |
| Abstract: | Le libéralisme contre le capitalisme Valérie Charolles Gallimard, Essay Folio n°667, 383 S. Diese überarbeitete und erweiterte Taschenbuchausgabe bietet dem Leser eine Reflexion, die vorschlägt, dem Ökonomismus, der unsere Gesellschaft beherrscht, zu entkommen. Dieser Ökonomismus nimmt die Form eines Zwanges an, der von ökonomischen Kräften ausgeübt wird, die uns zur Ohnmacht verurteilen. Zu diesem Zweck schlägt das Buch vor, die Grundlagen der Wirtschaft zu hinterfragen, zunächst in den Buchhaltungsprinzipien, die das Funktionieren der Unternehmen regeln, und stellt fest, dass das Humankapital in ihren Büchern nicht vorkommt. Diese Situation ist umso paradoxer, als die neue Wirtschaft zunehmend auf "Humankapital" basiert. In seinem Werk "The Wealth of Nations" setzt sich Adam Smith sehr kritisch mit Kapitaleinkommen auseinander. Für ihn muss das freie Spiel des Marktes eine gewisse Form der Gleichheit angesichts der vom Wettbewerb getroffenen Auswahl gewährleisten. Wie Adam Smith ist der Autor der Ansicht, dass der wirtschaftliche Reichtum aus der Arbeit und nicht aus dem Kapital kommt, denn Arbeit ist die theoretische Quelle allen Reichtums. Von der Beobachtung einer entwerteten Arbeit gehen wir zum Problem des Wertes der Arbeit über, bei dem die Arbeit nicht mehr nur als Last betrachtet wird, sondern gleichberechtigt mit dem Kapital in einer Weise behandelt würde, die den Grundlagen des Liberalismus besser entspricht. |
| Abstract: | Le libéralisme contre le capitalisme Valérie Charolles Gallimard, essay Folio n°667, 383 p. This revised and enlarged paperback edition provides readers with a reflection that aims to escape the economism that dominates our society. This economism takes the form of a constraint exerted by economic forces that condemn us to impotence. To this end, the book proposes to question the foundations of the economy first in the accounting principles that govern the functioning of companies, noting that human capital is absent from their books. This situation is all the more paradoxical as the new economy is increasingly based on "human capital". In his work "The Wealth of Nations", Adam Smith is very critical of income from capital. For him, the free play of the market must ensure a certain form of equality in the face of the selection made by competition. Like Adam Smith, the author considers that economic wealth comes from labour and not from capital, because labour is the theoretical source of all wealth. From the observation that labour is devalued, we move on to the problem of labour-value, where labour is no longer considered only as a burden but is treated on an equal footing with capital, in a way that is more consistent with the fundamentals of liberalism. |
| Abstract: | Le libéralisme contre le capitalisme Valérie Charolles Gallimard, essai Folio n°667, 383 p. Cette édition revue et augmentée dans un format poche met à disposition des lecteurs une réflexion qui se propose d'échapper à l'économisme qui domine notre société. Cet économisme se présente sous la forme d'une contrainte exercée par les forces économiques qui nous condamnent à l'impuissance. À cet effet, l'ouvrage se propose d'interroger les fondements de l'économie d'abord dans les principes comptables qui régissent le fonctionnement des entreprises, constatant que le capital humain est absent de leurs livres de comptes. Situation d'autant plus paradoxale que la nouvelle économie repose de plus en plus sur le « capital humain ». Dans son oeuvre « La richesse des nations », Adam Smith se montre très critique vis à vis des revenus tirés du capital. Pour lui, le libre jeu du marché doit assurer une certaine forme d'égalité devant la sélection opérée par la concurrence. À l'instar d'Adam Smith, l'auteure considère que la richesse économique provient du travail et non du capital car le travail est source théorique de toute richesse. Du constat d'un travail dévalorisé, on passe ainsi à la problématique de la valeur-travail où le travail n'est plus seulement considéré comme une charge mais serait traité sur un pied d'égalité avec le capital de façon plus cohérente avec les fondamentaux du libéralisme. |
| Date: | 2021–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03188316&r= |
| By: | Advani, Arun (University of Warwick and Institute of Fiscal Studies (IFS)); Ash, Elliot (ETH Zurich); Cai, David (ETH Zurich); Rasul, Imran (University College London and IFS) |
| Abstract: | How does economics compare to other social sciences in its study of issues related to race and ethnicity? We assess this using a corpus of 500,000 academic publications in economics, political science, and sociology. Using an algorithmic approach to classify race-related publications, we document that economics lags far behind the other disciplines in the volume and share of race-related research, despite having higher absolute volumes of research output. Since 1960, there have been 13,000 race-related publications in sociology, 4,000 in political science, and 3,000 in economics. Since around 1970, the share of economics publications that are race-related has hovered just below 2% (although the share is higher in top-5 journals); in political science the share has been around 4% since the mid-1990s, while in sociology it has been above 6% since the 1960s and risen to over 12% in the last decade. Finally, using survey data collected from the Social Science Prediction Platform, we find economists tend to overestimate the amount of race-related research in all disciplines, but especially so in economics. |
| Keywords: | JEL Classification: A11, Z13 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cge:wacage:565&r= |
| By: | Marius Chevallier (GEOLAB - Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IR SHS UNILIM - Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UNILIM - Université de Limoges - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] - UBP - Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2, GEOLAB-CE - Capital Environnemental - GEOLAB - Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IR SHS UNILIM - Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société - UNILIM - Université de Limoges - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - UCA [2017-2020] - Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] - UBP - Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2); Camille Noûs (Laboratoire Cogitamus) |
| Abstract: | Although I am highly motivated by collaborative action research in which the problems, the surveys (definition and administration) and the analyses can be carried out with the participation of the people concerned by the survey, I often have an aftertaste of incompleteness. In my experience, the dialogue between respondents and interviewers has often seemed to me to be approximate and not very thorough, despite the energy that is put into it and the trust that is created between the people. Being both a researcher on cooperatives and an active member in cooperatives for the past fifteen years, I had the opportunity to experience for myself how research can feed practice: on the one hand I have a broad enough knowledge of the literature to know where to identify relevant issues and, on the other hand, I hear and share some of the questions and tensions experienced in cooperatives. I would like to share my experience in three cooperatives in which I have been particularly involved in France : Coop Atlantique, a veteran consumer cooperative (northern New Aquitaine), Railcoop, the first railway cooperative, which was born in 2019 but already has 8000 members and Le Temps de Vivre, a small cooperative with 40 members (café-library, third place, small town near Limoges). This work allows me to identify examples of research results that have been used for action and to see in what form this use has been made, distinguishing between the main contributions of the scientific method and the contributions of research results, which happens to be secondary in my practice. So, having analysed this experience of a practitioner who uses research myself, I think that this will help me to better find out how to deepen collaborative action research with structures of which I am not myself a member, by better targeting the facets of collaborative action research that are the most relevant. |
| Abstract: | Bien que très motivé par des recherches actions collaboratives à l'occasion desquelles les problématiques, les enquêtes (définition et administration) ainsi que les analyses peuvent être faites avec la participation des personnes concernées par l'enquête, j'ai souvent un arrière-goût d'inachevé. Lors de mes expériences, le dialogue entre personnes enquêtées et enquêtrices m'a paru souvent approximatif et peu approfondi malgré l'énergie que l'on y met et la confiance qui se crée entre les personnes. Étant à la fois chercheur sur les coopératives et sociétaire actif dans des coopératives depuis une quinzaine d'années, j'avais la possibilité d'expérimenter par moi-même en quoi la recherche peut nourrir la pratique : d'une part j'ai une connaissance assez vaste de la littérature pour savoir où identifier des problématiques pertinentes et, d'autre part, j'entends et partage une partie des interrogations et tensions vécues dans les coopératives. Je souhaite partager mon expérience dans trois coopératives dans lesquelles je me suis plus particulièrement impliqué : Coop Atlantique, vétérane des coopératives de consommation (nord Nouvelle Aquitaine), Railcoop, première coopérative ferroviaire, née en 2019 mais qui compte déjà 8000 sociétaires (France entière) et Le Temps de Vivre petite coopérative de 40 membres (café-librairie, tiers-lieu, petite ville proche de Limoges). Ce travail permet d'identifier des exemples de résultats de recherches qui ont été utilisés pour l'action et de voir sous quelle forme cette utilisation s'est faite, en distinguant les principaux apports que sont la méthode scientifique et les apports, qui se révèlent secondaires dans ma pratique, des résultats de recherche. Alors, ayant analysé moi-même ce vécu de praticien qui a recours à la recherche, je pense que cela pourra m'aider à mieux trouver comment approfondir les recherches actions collaboratives avec des structures dont je ne suis pas moi-même membre, en ciblant mieux les facettes de la recherche action collaborative qui sont les plus pertinentes |
| Date: | 2021–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03288618&r= |
| By: | Bazzana, Davide; Foltz, Jeremy D.; Zhang, Ying |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:312665&r= |
| By: | Yuval Salant; Jörg L. Spenkuch |
| Abstract: | We study two dimensions of complexity that may interfere with individual choice. The first one is object complexity, which corresponds to the difficulty in evaluating any given alternative in a choice set. The second dimension is composition complexity, which increases when suboptimal alternatives become more similar to optimal ones. We develop a satisficing-with-evaluation-errors theory that incorporates both dimensions and delivers sharp empirical predictions about their effect on choice behavior. We confirm these predictions in a novel data set with information on hundreds of millions of decisions in chess endgames. First, as the object complexity of an optimal (suboptimal) alternative increases, it becomes less (more) likely to be chosen. Second, even highly experienced decision-makers are more likely to make mistakes when choosing from sets with higher composition complexity. These findings help to shed some of the first light on the effect of complexity on choice behavior outside of the laboratory. |
| Keywords: | complexity, choice, satisficing, bounded rationality |
| JEL: | D91 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9239&r= |
| By: | Mariam Mohsin (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad.) |
| Abstract: | The structure versus agency debate has since long been under discussion in sociological theory and has also existed in organisational sociology for several decades. This research presents a brief analysis of the major extant work attempting to reconcile this dialectic. After an analysis of the works of Archer, Giddens, and Bourdieu, this paper uses the arguments presented in the works of Giddens and Bourdieu in acknowledgment of the importance of the unconscious mind in the context of this debate. In an attempt to present an understanding of the unconscious in the structure versus agency dialectic, this paper critiques the work of Akram (2012) and argues in favour of the use of collective unconscious instead of the personal unconscious in understanding this debate. Jung’s collective unconscious is conceptualised as the portion of the unconscious mind that has not existed in an individual’s personal conscious and thus is a better understanding of structure than the personal unconscious of Freud, which is more biologically than socially determined. The implications of this theoretical proposition are discussed in terms of organisational discourse. A further unpacking of the unconscious in the form of intuitional mechanisms is recommended. |
| Keywords: | Structure, Agency, Collective Unconscious, Collective Memory |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2021:6&r= |
| By: | Olivia Muza (University of Rwanda); Ramit Debnath (EPRG, CJBS, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Energy transition, Off-grid system, Sub-Saharan Africa, Social Shaping of Technology, Gender, Disruptive innovation |
| JEL: | D1 N37 P28 P46 Q4 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:enp:wpaper:eprg2017&r= |
| By: | Haider, Khan; Szymanski-Burgos, Adam |
| Abstract: | COVID-19 impacts have exacerbated socioeconomic inequalities and the threat of hunger and absolute poverty for vulnerable populations globally. Brazil, as a large Southern engine of growth, is a complex case. In responding to the public health impacts and economic challenges of the pandemic, the case of Brazil stands out for several reasons. First, what was distinctive about Brazilian public health policy and what have been the consequences so far? Second, what circumstances and economic policy measures have led to a V-shaped recovery? Finally, what is the further prognosis for Brazil over the next few years and what are the points of leverage to ensure a sustained recovery? Our analysis highlights the salience of considering development and the economic and social shocks of pandemics from a Socially Embedded Intersectional Approach (SEICA) perspective. Using an economy-wide modelling methodology, we identify ‘strategic’ sectors in the Brazilian economy defined as sectors critical for both pulling the wider economy out of a recession and for supporting widespread income growth, particularly for those in the bottom 40% of households. Additionally, we are able to draw some conclusions that may be relevant for the case of other economies in various stages of development, particularly those with sharply uneven development patterns and large rural populations. |
| Keywords: | Input-output; Key Sectors; Brazil; Development; Covid-19; Latin America |
| JEL: | A1 O2 R15 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109022&r= |
| By: | Sasse, Lea |
| Abstract: | Starting on 18 October 2019, Chile experienced the largest mass protests in its history. The movement was immensely broad in its demands and diverse in tactics and participants. The citizens' discontent went beyond solely one issue, addressing a more equal welfare system and social justice, among other things. But it was not only about street protests; the social movement also caused an avalanche in social media exchanges and initiated a dialogue among Chileans in the form of neighbourhood associations. This paper argues that long-standing inequalities, the inability of politics to address them, a growing distancing of the population from politics, and the process of the citizens' politicisation were the reasons for the mass protests. |
| Keywords: | Social movements,Chile,inequality,mass protests,civil society,Latin America,social media,political opportunities,social justice |
| JEL: | O54 I38 Z13 N36 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:1662021&r= |
| By: | Jorge M. Streb (ed.); Jessica Fastman; Augusto Mamone; Santiago Rebollini; Francisco Tomas Calderón |
| Abstract: | Como el anterior documento de trabajo (Documento de Trabajo 761, octubre de 2020), esta colección de ensayos se enfoca en diferentes elementos analíticos de la Teoría de Sentimientos Morales (TSM) de Smith. Fastman analiza cómo el tema de los “like” en la internet trastoca la sensación de amistad que describe TSM, al confundir la cercanía de las amistades reales con las virtuales. Mamone se pregunta hasta qué punto los valores morales en TSM son universales o relativos a una sociedad históricamente dada, comparándolos con los así llamados “valores asiáticos” y con algo mucho más concreto, el budismo. Rebollini contrasta el tratamiento de la justicia en Riqueza de las Naciones como uno de los deberes del Estado con el tratamiento en TSM, donde aparece como virtud y se discute su relación con la justicia legal. Tomas Calderón relaciona, en base a evidencia empírica moderna, la discusión de TSM sobre el amor con la pasión por el fútbol. |
| Keywords: | Adam Smith, amistad, valores, normas legales, pasiones |
| JEL: | B12 D01 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cem:doctra:807&r= |
| By: | Bornali Bhandari; Tulika Bhattacharya (National Council of Applied Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | The Economic Surveys (2014–15 and 2015–16) have, over the years, stressed on the need to create jobs to meet the needs of a burgeoning population. However, the question as to which sector has the most potential to create jobs and at what level have often been left unanswered. The objective of this paper is to identify the sectors of the Indian economy that are able to generate different types of skilled employment, both directly as well indirectly, by estimating their employment linkage effects with varying levels of skills using the Input– Output technique. The contribution of this paper is that it re-defines skills by combining three types of education, including general, vocational and technical education, and thus defines four types of skilled employment categories—low skilled, low-medium skilled, medium-high skilled, and high skilled employment. The paper incorporates these four types of skilled employment within the Input–Output framework, using the World Input–Output Database (WIOD), and estimates the forward and backward linkage effects related to employment with respect to four different skill types for India. The estimation of these employment linkage effects is critical to identify the key employment-generating sectors in the Indian economy with varying levels of skill. The study also urges policymakers to boost some select sectors in order to enhance different types of employment, thus proposing a way to take forward the ‘Skill India Mission’. |
| Keywords: | Employment, India, Jobs, Input-output model, Skills |
| JEL: | C67 I29 J21 J23 J24 O1 O53 |
| Date: | 2021–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nca:ncaerw:120&r= |
| By: | Nadeem Ul Haque (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad); Raja Rafi Ullah (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad) |
| Abstract: | Government’s footprint on the economy in Pakistan is more than what annual general government spending (22 percent of GDP) suggests. In addition to spending; about 200 State Owned Entities, SROs culture and cumbersome business regulations combine towards a footprint of the government amounting to approximately 67 percent on Pakistan’s Economy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:wpaper:2020:26&r= |
| By: | Maryse Bresson (PRINTEMPS - Professions, institutions, temporalités - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, MSH Paris-Saclay - Maison des Sciences de l'Homme - Paris Saclay - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay); Jean Cartier-Bresson (Cemotev - Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, MSH Paris-Saclay - Maison des Sciences de l'Homme - Paris Saclay - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay); Monique Hirschhorn (CERLIS - UMR 8070 - Centre de recherche sur les liens sociaux - Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UP - Université de Paris, MSH Paris-Saclay - Maison des Sciences de l'Homme - Paris Saclay - UVSQ - Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay) |
| Abstract: | Ce livre porte sur la production de savoirs en sciences sociales : il vise à éclairer la relation complexe entre les chercheurs académiques et la demande de savoirs émanant de divers acteurs, politiques, économiques, médiatiques…, ainsi que les conséquences de cette relation sur leur démarche et les résultats de leur recherche. Aboutissement d'un projet de recherche « Émergence » de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme Paris-Saclay, cet ouvrage s'inscrit dans la continuité d'un autre, consacré à la vulnérabilité, qui soulevait, entre autres, le problème de l'efficacité des politiques publiques lorsqu'elles s'efforcent de répondre aux diverses crises et fragilités socio-économiques ou environnementales (Bresson Maryse, Geronimi Vincent & Pottier Nathalie (dir.), 2013. La Vulnérabilité, questions de recherche en sciences sociales, Fribourg, Academic Press Fribourg), et posait la question des savoirs qui peuvent éclairer leur action. Il élargit le questionnement en prenant en compte, à côté de la demande de savoirs des pouvoirs publics, celle du secteur privé, des associations, des groupes constitués, des citoyens et celle qui émane des chercheurs eux-mêmes. La tension qu'exerce cette demande multiforme est au cœur de la réflexion menée ici par des économistes et des sociologues de différents pays, avec pour fil conducteur l'idée que l'activité de recherche ne peut se réduire à l'expérience de contraintes (politiques, socioéconomiques, institutionnelles) insurmontables : réflexion riche car croisée entre des disciplines qui ne s'associent que rarement sur la recherche. De ce dialogue ouvert entre sociologues et économistes il ressort alors que, même lorsque la production de savoirs est strictement encadrée par des règles diverses, il reste toujours aux chercheurs la possibilité de s'interroger sur la marge de liberté dont ils disposent, d'en tirer les conséquences, et de développer des techniques de contournement. Par ailleurs, la demande peut être aussi celle d'utilisateurs directement intéressés aux problématiques traitées – décideurs, praticiens, ayant besoin de savoir orienté vers l'action (Policy oriented) ou citoyens cherchant les informations. Et il s'agit alors, pour les chercheurs, d'inventer des pratiques de recherche qui tiennent compte de ces logiques d'action. C'est donc un des intérêts du livre que de repenser ce que signifie l'autonomie des chercheurs, en tenant compte à la fois du renouvellement des contraintes et des formes d'encadrement d'une part, des savoirs co-construits et des libertés d'expérimenter d'autre part, et d'explorer comment ils peuvent « résister » aux injonctions et aux contrôles, mettant en place quelques ruses individuelles ou collectives pour protéger leur autonomie au travail. Au-delà, se pose la question déontologique de savoir si la recherche en sciences sociales peut répondre à la demande qui lui est adressée tout en contribuant, non au pouvoir des institutions et des idéologies dominantes, mais aux processus d'émancipations individuelles et collectives, au développement de la démocratie. Une question toujours ouverte, car elle est, in fine, au cœur même de la définition des sciences sociales et de leur importance dans la dynamique des sociétés. |
| Keywords: | sociologues,économistes,savoirs,demande sociale,participation |
| Date: | 2019–11–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03257141&r= |
| By: | Gabriel de Oliveira Guedes Nogueira; Marcel Otoboni de Lima |
| Abstract: | In order to make good investment decisions, it is vitally important for an investor to know how to make good analysis of financial time series. Within this context, studies on the forecast of the values and trends of stock prices have become more relevant. Currently, there are different approaches to dealing with the task. The two main ones are the historical analysis of stock prices and technical indicators and the analysis of sentiments in news, blogs and tweets about the market. Some of the most used statistical and artificial intelligence techniques are genetic algorithms, Support Vector Machines (SVM) and different architectures of artificial neural networks. This work proposes the improvement of a model based on the association of three distinct LSTM neural networks, each acting in parallel to predict the opening, minimum and maximum prices of stock exchange indices on the day following the analysis. The dataset is composed of historical data from more than 10 indices from the world's largest stock exchanges. The results demonstrate that the model is able to predict trends and stock prices with reasonable accuracy. |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2108.10065&r= |
| By: | Lambert, Thomas |
| Abstract: | This paper attempts to estimate trends in the levels of economic surplus, public and private investment, and national government surpluses and deficits from accumulated capital income, taxation, and rents estimated by different economic historians for England and the UK. The data support historical accounts that income per capita growth begins to increase around the 1600s in Britain perhaps due to the level of capital, tax, and land income achieving an adequate threshold amount. According to some historians, this would also be about the time of capitalism’s ascent as the dominant economic system in England. Even then, dramatic increases in investment and economic growth do not appear until the late 18th Century when investment and deficits reach even higher levels. The data developed in this research note are offered as additional macroeconomic data supplements to works created by other authors and researchers. |
| Keywords: | Economic Surplus, Deficits, Investments, Private Investment, Public Investment, Tax Revenues, |
| JEL: | B50 C82 N13 O11 O52 |
| Date: | 2021–08–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:109080&r= |