|
on Heterodox Microeconomics |
|
Issue of 2021‒02‒15
fourteen papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Fabien Tarrit (REGARDS - Recherches en Économie Gestion AgroRessources Durabilité Santé- EA 6292 - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - MSH-URCA - Maison des Sciences Humaines de Champagne-Ardenne - URCA - Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) |
| Abstract: | Can Marx's economic thought be reconstructed from neoclassical economics? This is the question John Roemer tried to answer. He was a major actor of Analytical Marxism – especially of Rational Choice Marxism –, mainly during the 1980s. The founding objective of this school of thought has been to reach conclusions that are close to Marx's in using different methodological tools. Roemer's research program is based on the neoclassical theory. We shall discuss the consistency and the relevance of this approach through a critical examination. We wonder either what is questioned is Marx's theory or the possibility to associate it to the tools of the neoclassical theory. |
| Abstract: | Peut-on reconstruire sans la trahir la pensée économique de Marx à partir de la théorie néoclassique ? C'est la question à laquelle a tenté de répondre John Roemer. Il fut l'un des principaux contributeurs du marxisme analytique-plus précisément du marxisme de choix rationnel-, principalement au cours des années 1980. L'objectif fondateur de ce courant a été de parvenir à des conclusions proches de celles de Marx en utilisant des outils méthodologiques différents. Le programme de recherche de Roemer se fonde sur la théorie néoclassique. Nous discutons, d'un point de vue critique, la cohérence et la pertinence de cette approche. Nous nous demandons si ce qui est remis en cause est la théorie de Marx ou la possibilité de l'associer aux outils de la théorie néoclassique. |
| Keywords: | labour value,historical materialism,Marx,valeur-travail,profit,exploitation,matérialisme historique |
| Date: | 2020–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03090142&r=all |
| By: | Marie-José Scotto (IPAG Business School - Chaire IPAG "Entreprise Inclusive" - IPAG Business School); Maria Giuseppina Bruna (IPAG Business School - Chaire IPAG "Entreprise Inclusive" - IPAG Business School); André Boyer (IPAG Business School); Ines Labidi (IPAG Business School) |
| Abstract: | The security sector in France appears as a masculine one. However, the lines are moving with the emergence of the digital security sector. It therefore represents a new territory of feminization where women are organizing themselves into networks of support and promotion. Our article extends a previous study in the IT sector and explores the structuring of a new network: The Women's Security Club, created in 2015. Our research analyses how the creation and the development of a women's network supports the feminization of this sector. We have used the qualitative methodology to explore the feelings of the women in the network and the benefits they derive from their participation. Our study documents the role played by a professional women's network in the process of feminization. More precisely, this research identifies the determinants of the genesis of the network and its development modalities. The mechanisms of professional socialization and empowerment that are deployed there have been analyzed. Finally, empirical arguments in favour of the development of female networks, as responses to the challenges of gender diversity within strongly masculine sectors, have been proposed |
| Abstract: | Le secteur de la sécurité reste l'un des plus « masculins » de l'économie française, en pleine mutation : face aux ambiguïtés et angoisses de la post-modernité, l'on assiste à l'essor rapide d'une industrie de la sécurité s'adressant à la fois aux entreprises et aux particuliers. Ce marché en pleine expansion participe d'une quête de sécurisation des systèmes institutionnels, sociaux, technologiques et économiques. À l'heure où la maîtrise des risques se fait enjeu de civilisation, le développement du secteur de la sécurité se double de la féminisation progressive de ses effectifs. Cependant, là où un nombre croissant de femmes cherchent à y faire carrière, elles se heurtent à de nombreuses croyances et représentations hostiles, de matrice sexiste, qui essentialisent (et universalisent) le modèle masculin, disqualifient leurs compétences et entravent leur progression (discriminations indirectes et systémiques). Or, tendre vers l'égalité professionnelle implique, entre autres, que les femmes s'organisent en réseau d'échange, de soutien et de (co)promotion. C'est pourquoi, au travers d'une étude qualitative exploratoire, cet article expose la genèse et la structuration du premier réseau affinitaire féminin de l'univers de la sécurité : le Club des Femmes dans la Sécurité. Il décrit les mécanismes de socialisation et d'autonomisation se déployant entre adhérentes et éclaire le soutien accordé par ce réseau de femmes à leur essor professionnel. Adoptant une perspective multi-niveau, il interroge les contributions du Club à la bonne marche des entreprises du secteur. |
| Keywords: | Women Network,Organizational Flexibility,Social Inclusion,Professional Socialization,Managerial innovation.,Réseau féminin,Secteur de la sécurité,Agilité organisationnelle,Inclusion sociale,Socialisation professionnelle,Apprentissage socio-organisationnel,Innovation managériale. |
| Date: | 2020–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03083895&r=all |
| By: | Tobias Broer; Per Krusell; Erik Öberg |
| Abstract: | We use an analytically tractable heterogeneous-agent (HANK) version of the standard New Keynesian model to show how the size of fiscal multipliers depends on i) the distribution of factor incomes, and ii) the source of nominal rigidities. With sticky prices but flexible wages, the standard representative-agent (RANK) model predicts large multipliers because profits fall after a fiscal stimulus and the resulting negative income effect makes the representative worker work harder. Our HANK model, where workers do not own stock and thus do not receive profit income, predicts smaller fiscal multipliers. In fact, they are smaller with sticky prices than with flexible prices. When wages are the source of nominal rigidity, in contrast, fiscal multipliers are close to one, independently of income heterogeneity and price stickiness. |
| JEL: | E0 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28366&r=all |
| By: | Eric Dacheux (UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Daniel Goujon (UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne]) |
| Abstract: | Der Zweck dieses Textes ist es, unseren Vorschlag für Existenzeinkommen durch Geldschöpfung zu präsentieren. Nach der Erinnerung an die verschiedenen Konzeptionen des Existenzeinkommens. Wir werden unseren Ansatz erläutern, der originell ist, weil er nicht umverteilend ist und die Universalzulage als Primäreinkommen konzipiert. Dadurch zeichnet sich unser Ansatz aus: - Von der orthodoxen Vision der universellen Erlaubnis. Es ist kein Instrument zur Deregulierung des Arbeitsmarktes und zum Rückzug des Staates. Sie ist vielmehr eine bürgerliche Regelung in Bezug auf den zentralsten Wert: die menschliche Existenz. - Eine heterodoxe Vision. Es geht darum, aus dem Kapitalismus auszusteigen und ihn nicht sozial verantwortlich zu machen. Die allgemeine Zulage ist nicht nur ein Instrument der sozialen Gerechtigkeit. Vielmehr handelt es sich um eine neue Art der Einkommensverteilung. Ein Verteilungsmodus, der die Frage nach dem Niveau des sozialen Schutzes, der für die Gemeinschaft gelten soll, nicht unabhängig von unserer Meinung regelt. |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this text is to present our proposal of Existence Income by Monetary Creation. After recalling the different conceptions of existence income. We will explain our approach, which is original because it is not redistributive and conceives of the universal allowance as a primary income. Our approach therefore stands out: - From the orthodox vision of the universal allowance. It is not a tool for deregulating the labor market and disengaging the State. It is, on the contrary, a citizen regulation relative to the most central value: human existence. - A heterodox vision. It's all about getting out of capitalism and not making it socially responsible. The universal allowance is not a simple tool of social justice. More profoundly, it is a new mode of income distribution. A mode of distribution that does not settle the question, independent in our opinion, of the level of social protection that should apply to the community |
| Abstract: | El propósito de este texto es presentar nuestra propuesta para el ingreso de la existencia por la creación de dinero. Después de recordar las diferentes concepciones de la renta de existencia. Explicaremos nuestro enfoque, que es original porque no es redistributivo y concibe la asignación universal como un ingreso primario. Como resultado, nuestro enfoque se destaca: - Desde la visión ortodoxa de la asignación universal. No es un instrumento para desregular el mercado laboral y desconectar el Estado. Es, por el contrario, una regulación ciudadana relativa al valor más central: la existencia humana. - Una visión heterodoxa. Se trata de salir del capitalismo y no de hacerlo socialmente responsable. La prestación universal no es simplemente un instrumento de justicia social. Más profundamente, es un nuevo modo de distribución de los ingresos. Un modo de distribución que no resuelve la cuestión, independiente en nuestra opinión, del nivel de protección social que debe aplicarse a la comunidad. |
| Abstract: | Le but de ce texte est de présenter notre proposition de Revenu d'existence par création monétaire. Après avoir rappeler les différentes conceptions du revenu d'existence. Nous expliciterons notre approche qui est originale car elle n'est pas redistributive et conçoit l'allocation universelle comme un revenu primaire. Du coup notre approche se démarque : - De la vision orthodoxe de l'allocation universelle. Il ne s'agit pas d'un outil de dérégulation du marché du travail et de désengagement de l'État. Il s'agit, au contraire, d'une régulation citoyenne relative à la valeur la plus centrale : l'existence humaine. - De la vision hétérodoxe. Il est bien question de sortir du capitalisme et non pas de le rendre socialement responsable. L'allocation universelle n'est pas un simple outil de justice sociale. Plus profondément, c'est un nouveau mode de distribution des revenus. Mode de distribution qui ne tranche pas la question, indépendante selon nous, du niveau de protection sociale devant s'appliquer à la communauté. |
| Date: | 2020–03–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03082951&r=all |
| By: | Gilles Campagnolo (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Christel Vivel (ESDES - École de management de Lyon - Université Catholique de Lyon) |
| Abstract: | This paper is the last part of a trilogy on the theory and history of entrepreneurship in Austrian school of economics. The triptych ends with contemporary members by comparing Israel Kirzner and Murray Rothbard. The migration of the Austrian school induced a new assessment of Austrian traits in a new setting. While we do not focus on the history of the Austrian school in America as such, we will stress how Kirzner focused his view of entrepreneurship on the concepts of alertness, discovery by opportunity and the equilibrating action of the entrepreneur – while Rothbard's contribution was more ideologically engaged. |
| Keywords: | methodology,institutions,Kirzner (Israel),Austrian School of Economics,entrepreneurship,Rothbard (Murray). |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03107316&r=all |
| By: | Semenova, Valentina; Winkler, Julian |
| Abstract: | Tracking endogenous fluctuations in stock prices emerged as a key challenge for empirical work in behavioural and evolutionary finance. This paper uses new data from an online discussion forum, Reddit, to quantify social contagion, or `hype,' in specific stock market movements, using state of the art opinion dynamics modelling and sentiment analysis. The influence between users on the WallStreetBets (WSB) subreddit is measured by tracing the probability of a user starting a fresh discussion on an asset given their previous involvement in a discussion on the same asset, measured by their comment history. This paper finds that users who comment on one discussion involving a particular asset are approximately four times more likely to start a new discussion about this asset in the future, with the probability increasing with each additional discussion the user engages in. This is a strong indication that investment strategies are reproduced through social interaction. This is further validated by findings that sentiments expressed in the linked submissions are strongly correlated in a set of spatial regression models. In particular, bearish sentiments seem to spread more than their bullish counterparts. |
| Keywords: | Network Economics, Opinion Dynamics, Natural Language Processing, Behavioral Finance |
| JEL: | D85 G14 |
| Date: | 2020–01–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:105443&r=all |
| By: | Nicolas Fayard; Chabane Mazri; Alexis Tsouki\`as |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at proposing a model representing individuals' welfare using Sen's capability approach (CA). It is the first step of an attempt to measure the negative impact caused by the damage at a Common on a given population's welfare, and widely speaking, a first step into modelling collective threat. The CA is a multidimensional representation of persons' well-beings which account for human diversity. It has received substantial attention from scholars from different disciplines such as philosophy, economics and social scientist. Nevertheless, there is no empirical work that really fits the theoretical framework. Our goal is to show that the capability approach can be very useful for decision aiding, especially if we fill the gap between the theory and the empirical work; thus we will propose a framework that is both usable and a close representation of what capability is. |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2101.09357&r=all |
| By: | Stark, Oded (University of Bonn) |
| Abstract: | In a recent article, "Reexamining the influence of conditional cash transfers on migration from a gendered lens," Hughes (2019) claimed that conditional cash transfers, CCT, limit the likelihood of migration by women, compensating them for giving up an attractive migration option. I question the analysis that lies behind this claim. I argue that in seeking to understand the likelihood of women migrating if they participate in a CCT program, issues of selectivity, endogeneity, and optimization cannot be set aside. In particular, it is not that receiving CCT curtails a migration option; it is that not contemplating migration encourages women to accept CCT. And if a household perspective is brought to bear, then a household's free choices weaken the appeal of migration to women. This reduction in appeal does not arise from an exogenously imposed curb but rather from endogenously determined preferences. |
| Keywords: | women's migration, conditional cash transfers, selectivity and endogeneity, revision of the comparative advantage of household members, household's optimization |
| JEL: | B54 D13 G51 J16 J61 O15 R23 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14068&r=all |
| By: | Tristan Auvray (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Cédric Durand; Joel Rabinovich; Cecilia Rikap |
| Abstract: | This paper argues that, as far as the investment behavior of non-financial corporations is concerned, the apparent continuity over the last four decades suggested by the financialization label is misleading. Indeed, while the disconnection between profitability and investment is a robust stylized fact for most of the period, with cumulative detrimental consequences for labor, we contend that the underlying mechanisms changed meaningfully at the turn of the millennium. This contribution proposes to establish-empirically and theoretically-two distinctive successive financialization regimes (Mark I and Mark II) and to explain their evolutionary articulation. Financialization Mark I is characterized by the empowerment of financial actors: in a context of high-interest rates and full-blown liberalization, diminishing retained earnings by non-financial corporations resulted in a dramatic slowdown of investment with cascading negative effects for labor. Contrastingly, Financialization Mark II is characterized by a strongly established financial hegemony with new forms of intellectual and financial monopoly. In this configuration, interest rates are low and global value chains are deeply seated. This fuels rampant deflationary pressure, which changes the overall dynamic of the profit-investment nexus. Then, in Financialization Mark II, contrary to what occurred during Financialization Mark I, distributed profits are the consequence of slow investment. |
| Keywords: | Financialization regimes,Investment-profit nexus,Payout,Globalization,Intellectual monopoly,Asset managers |
| Date: | 2020–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03079425&r=all |
| By: | Martin Beddeleem (Aarhus University [Aarhus]); Nathanael Colin-Jaeger (TRIANGLE - Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - UJM - Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] - IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | The 1930s and 1940s marked a period of crisis for liberalism. Authors as diverse as Hayek, Röpke, Lippmann, Polanyi and Rougier came together at two founding events, the Walter Lippmann Colloquium in 1938 and the creation of the Mont-Pèlerin Society in 1947, to rethink liberalism. This rethinking of the liberal project led them to establish a diagnosis of the crisis of liberalism, which, for the authors mentioned, goes back to the French Revolution. This article proposes to show the coherence of the neoliberal project from their historical diagnosis in this period of crisis. Indeed, by criticizing the French Revolution and its effects as part of a harmful rationalism, which gave rise to both laissez-faire and various collectivisms, neoliberals explicitly take up concepts from critics of the revolution, especially Edmund Burke. The concept of tradition, understood as covering social and legal rules that have slowly evolved to constitute coordination mechanisms that allow our actions, is thus very largely taken up and valued by neoliberals. We thus interpret neoliberal theory on the basis of this recategorization of the concept of tradition, and point out the affinities of neoliberal positions with philosophical conservatism. This rapprochement reveals several conceptual tensions between cultural evolutionism on the one hand and the defence of substantial Western values on the other. |
| Abstract: | Les années 1930 et 1940 marquent une période de crise pour le libéralisme. Des auteurs aussi divers que Hayek, Röpke, Lippmann ou encore Polanyi et Rougier se réunissent, lors de deux événements fondateurs, le Colloque Walter Lippmann en 1938 et la création de la Société du Mont Pèlerin en 1947, pour repenser le libéralisme. Cette refonte du projet libéral les pousse à établir un diagnostic relatif à la crise du libéralisme, remontant, pour les auteurs mentionnés, à la Révolution Française. Cet article se propose de montrer la cohérence du projet néolibéral à partir de leur diagnostic historique dans cette période de crise. En effet en critiquant la Révolution Française et ses effets comme participant d'un rationalisme néfaste, ayant donné naissance aussi bien au laissez-faire qu'aux divers collectivismes, les néolibéraux reprennent explicitement des concepts des critiques de la révolution, au premier rang desquels Edmund Burke. Le concept de tradition, compris comme recouvrant des règles sociales et juridiques ayant lentement évoluées de façon à constituer des dispositifs de coordination permettant nos actions, est ainsi très largement repris et valorisé par les néolibéraux. Nous interprétons ainsi la théorie néolibérale à partir de cette recatégorisation du concept de tradition, et pointons les affinités des positions néolibérales avec le conservatisme philosophique. Ce rapprochement fait apparaître plusieurs tensions conceptuelles entre d'une part un évolutionnisme culturel et d'autre part la défense de valeurs occidentales substantielles. |
| Keywords: | Néoliberalisme,Conservatisme,tradition,Hayek,Röpke |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02488697&r=all |
| By: | Angélique Rodhain (UM - Université de Montpellier, MRM, Université de Montpellier, Labex Entreprendre - UM - Université de Montpellier); Anaëlle Fargier |
| Abstract: | Le collège public est censé constituer un non choix pour la famille, l'enfant étant affecté au collège du secteur associé à son adresse. L'assouplissement de la carte scolaire, outre la possibilité de scolariser son enfant dans le secteur privé, offre pourtant une plus grande possibilité de choix aux parents. A partir d'une étude de cas reposant sur l'observation d'un collège et d'entretiens semi-directifs avec 12 parents d'enfants en classe de CM2, cette recherche pose la question de l'empowerment perçu par les parents dans ce contexte. Les résultats font apparaitre une perception contrastée, entre des parents ne percevant pas d'empowerment car ne faisant pas de véritable choix, d'autres revendiquant un empowerment individuel, commun à un choix de consommation classique, d'autres encore un empowerment sociétal exprimant une vision de la société qu'ils désirent inclusive à travers leur choix. Mots clés empowerment ; collège ; enfant ; critères de choix ; inégalité Nous tenons à remercier les relecteurs qui, par leurs remarques constructives, ont largement participé à l'amélioration de cet article. |
| Keywords: | empowerment,collège,enfant,critères de choix,inégalité |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03085419&r=all |
| By: | Jorgen Vitting Andersen (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne); Andrzej Nowak (Department of Psychology - Warsaw University) |
| Abstract: | It is hard to overstate the importance that the concept of symmetry has had in every field of physics, a fact alluded to by the Nobel Prize winner P.W. Anderson, who once wrote that "physics is the study of symmetry". Whereas the idea of symmetry is widely used in science in general, very few (if not almost no) applications has found its way into the field of finance. Still, the phenomenon appears relevant in terms of for example the symmetry of strategies that can happen in the decision making to buy or sell financial shares. Game theory is therefore one obvious avenue where to look for symmetry, but as will be shown, also technical analysis and long term economic growth could be phenomena which show the hallmark of a symmetry |
| Keywords: | Agent-based modelling; Game theory; Ginzburg-Landau theory; financial symmetry |
| JEL: | G14 C73 |
| Date: | 2020–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mse:cesdoc:20030&r=all |
| By: | Bertrand Valiorgue (CleRMa - Clermont Recherche Management - Clermont Auvergne - ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Emilie Bourlier-Bargues (ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand); Kevin Metz (ESC Clermont-Ferrand - École Supérieure de Commerce (ESC) - Clermont-Ferrand) |
| Abstract: | For many organizations, animals are indispensable resources and without their presence these organizations would be unable to fulfill their mission and achieve their objectives. Despite this importance, organizational theory and management research have largely rejected animals outside the boundaries of the discipline. Our research focuses on the central place of animals in certain organizations that we describe as biosocial. Based on the analytical developments of boundary-work, our article makes two contributions to the emerging theory of biosocial organizations. First of all, we highlight a variety of biosocial organizations that do not pursue the same objectives and grant different status to animals. We also highlight the many externalities associated with the functioning of biosocial organizations that strain the equilibriums of the earth system and are at the root of political tensions and ethical questions. In response to the scientific and industrial developments of biosocial organizations and their societal and environmental footprints, our research highlights the need to integrate these organizations as research objects within the theory of organizations and management research. We also bring original developments for boundary-work by showing the importance of taking an interest in the boundaries of living organisms that are challenged by biosocial organizations and which lead to questioning the very notion of the human species." |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03041014&r=all |
| By: | Julia M. Puaschunder (The New School,Department of Economics,USA) |
| Abstract: | The new Coronavirus (COVID-19) accounts for the most severe health and economic threat since about a century. The human, medical and economic shock with major fallout in social, humanitarian and international development domains is the most tragic event having occurred since the Great Plagues of the medieval times, the Great Depression and the two World Wars. Yet in every crisis and lasting economic, societal and humanitarian shock, there are always positive externalities as well. While the author foremost respects the more important literature on the tremendous negative consequences and hidden inequalities and unnoticed despairs of COVID-19, this paper sheds heterodox light on the positive externalities and economic growth potential of the Great Pandemic of 2019. Three positive outcomes of the novel Coronavirus pandemic are captured in a foresighted outlook: (1) A digitalization disruption with particular focus on healthcare, preventive medicine and whole-rounded, ecofriendly lifestyles is perpetuated by COVID-19. (2) As in previous pandemics, luxury consumption that is prospected to flourish after consumption constraints and lockdown endurance may play a role in driving economic growth in the post-COVID-19 world. (3) Digitalized education and conglomerates in the educational sector may lead to universities becoming truly global temples of information exchange. The paper closes with potential ethical imperatives to ennoble our prospected future post-COVID-19 world to come. Overall, this paper aims at providing a glimpse of hope in despair and grievance over COVID-19 and advocates for equal access or redistribution of the merits of the gains from COVID-19 for living the dream of a better, more beautiful society than COVID-19 has hit before. |
| Keywords: | Access to education, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Digitalization, Economics, Education, Equalizer, Healthcare, Luxury, Medicine, Pandemic, Technology, Value |
| Date: | 2020–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:conswp:006pj&r=all |