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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
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Issue of 2018‒11‒19
fourteen papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Alfredo J. Mainar Causape (European Commission - JRC); Emanuele Ferrari (European Commission - JRC); Scott McDonald (Humboldt University of Berlin) |
| Abstract: | A Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is a comprehensive and economy-wide database recording data about all transactions between economic agents in a specific economy for a specific period of time. A SAM extends the classical Input-Output framework, including the complete circular flow of income in the economy. SAMs interest is twofold: they are the standard database for most whole economy modellers as they provide data for economic modelling (multi-sectorial linear models or the more complex Computable General Equilibrium –CGE- Models) and they show a complete but intuitive snapshot of the economy at hand. This report introduces the concept of a Social Accounting Matrix, describes its structure in detail and shows the basics in the elaboration of a SAM, indicating some extensions and modifications. |
| Keywords: | Social Accounting Matrices, Input-output tables, Multi-sectorial analysis |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc112075&r=hme |
| By: | Yu, L.; Huang, W. |
| Abstract: | Although the role of farmer cooperatives as a social unit can have impact on their performance, empirical analysis on how societal output and social value relevant variables affect the cooperatives performance is sparse. The objective of this paper is to provide an economic framework and operational model for performance measurement of farmer cooperative associated with societal impact. A multi-output translog production function considering social output represented by the number of beneficiary farmers using data from surveys 164 cooperatives in Fujian province, China, is estimated. The average technical efficiency of cooperatives is estimated to be 0.747, implying that cooperatives can be increased by 25.30% without any additional resources given the current production input level. It is interesting to find that cooperatives efficiency scores and their rankings are significantly different with and without taking societal output into account, which indicates that social output created by the number of beneficial farmers cannot be ignored when evaluating cooperative s performance. The societal value relevant variables for technical inefficiency factors represented by extent of providing members service, namely training members and selling products are also found negatively affecting technical efficiency of cooperatives. The findings indicate the evaluation of cooperatives performance should consider their non-economic social contribution. Acknowledgement : The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University FAFU university: 2016 project (social science category) for supporting outstanding young scientific researchers: (NO: xjq201632).We also acknowledge the kind help from Professor Jerker Nilsson. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277512&r=hme |
| By: | Padmaja, S. Surendran; Kondapi, S. |
| Abstract: | We used treatment effect models to assess the effect of the women-centric community-based programme on intra-household decision making in agriculture. Using the data collected from an intra-household survey of 815 targeted and non-targeted households of a programme, we assessed the impact of women membership in a Self Help Group on dynamics of 14 farm and household related decisions by the primary decision maker and SHG member in the household. The study shows that though the role of women in decision making increased (8-10%), the effects vary according to the level of intervention and type of decision. Our results show that unlike micro-finance based SHGs, the conflicts were lesser in seed SHGs. Our study concludes that engagement of women in agriculture-based interventions could encourage joint decision making. Our finding suggests that development agencies engaged in interventions targeted to empower women should engage them in enterprising activities. Acknowledgement : We would like to acknowledge the funding support provided by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) to RGMVP for the project. We acknowledge Pooja Trivedi, Neelakshi Mann, P.S. Mohanan, K.S. Yadav, Yadavendra for helping us in understanding the project and designing the study. We appreciate the team members at RGMVP especially Vivek, Samarth, Somanath, Uma, Vineet and 20 enumerators involved in the primary survey. We would also sincerely thank Mamta, Prakashan, Dhandapani, Taj, and Araty for their intellectual support and guidance in analysing the data. We also whole-heartedly thank the household members for sparing their valuable time for the study. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277394&r=hme |
| By: | Céline Bourbousson (AMU - Aix Marseille Université) |
| Abstract: | The phenomenon of banalisation, an advanced degree of institutionalisation of an instrument or of organisational practices, is frequently observed in the field of the social and solidarity economy (SSE), but is often analysed purely in terms of isomorphism. This article proposes a model for analysing the banalisation of an SSE instrument by examining the evolution of the institutional logics contributing to shaping it. It is based on a qualitative survey of the construction of the Pôle Territorial de Coopération Economique ("Territorial Clsuter for Economic Cooperation") policy. The analysis sheds light on the evolution of the institutional logics in play, in which the founding institutional logic of the instrument is effaced by a new institutional logic described as "imported." Based on a Gioia-type coding operation, an explanatory model of this evolutionary process is put forward, around two central dimensions: the incompatibility of the institutional logics present and the hegemony of reference to the market. The results contribute both to questioning the Public Value Approach and to enriching the corpus of the institutional logics approach by examining the institutional orders-institutional logics relationship. |
| Keywords: | Pôle Territorial de Coopération Economique,institutionalisation,institutional logics,public value approach |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01896800&r=hme |
| By: | Ines Gabarret (EDC Paris); Benjamin Vedel (LEM - Lille - Economie et Management - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Julien Decaillon |
| Abstract: | Social entrepreneurship is a relatively new object of research and, despite the growing interest it generates in the literature, there is a diversity of definitions and approaches. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the motivation of social entrepreneurs by applying the push and pull approach. We study the entrepreneurial motivation of 8 social entrepreneurs. Findings suggest that social entrepreneurs are motivated by a combination of both push and pull factors and drivers of motivation are not only at an individual level (personal needs) but also at a social level through the recognition of social needs. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship,Social entrepreneurs,Motivation,Push,Pull |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01898921&r=hme |
| By: | Mittal, S.; Hariharan, V.K.; Kumar, A. |
| Abstract: | The participation of women has been increasing in agriculture, especially as agricultural labour in the farms. Thus, it is important to understand the role that women play in the production system. As per the literature, increased cost of labour and out-migration of men to urban locations is leading to increased participation of women labour in cultivation and specially in wheat which is the man staple crop in India. But it is also envisaged that her role in decision making is still limited. This is mainly constrained by the cultural and social barriers, low bargaining power and gender gap in terms of education, and access to knowledge. Empirically there is limited information about gender disaggregated labour use information, by crop, especially for cereals like wheat, which is one the important staple crop for India and contributes to the food security. Thus, using the household survey of wheat producers conducted in three states of India- Haryana, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh, the paper analyses the extent of involvement and proportionate time a woman spends at different stages of wheat production as compared to men. Further the paper analyses the role of women in decision making linked to wheat production and examines the socio-economic factors which impact her participation in the decision making. Acknowledgement : The authors duly acknowledge the support from CGIAR Research Program on Wheat (WHEAT) for funding the household level survey which is used for analysis in this paper. We are also sincerely thankful to the colleagues Christian Boeber, Meeta Punjabi Mehta, Subash S.P for their inputs on this paper and Soumik Kundu, and Birendra Pun for help in data collection. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277065&r=hme |
| By: | Atulan Guha (Indian Institute of Management Kashipur) |
| Abstract: | The GDP growth structure of India is dominated by the growth in service sector. Kaldor has argued that the sector that has the strongest capital accumulation and technical progress and input-output linkages with the rest of the economy should play the role of growth driver. Since, Indian sectoral growth structure is dominated by service sector it is expected that it should have the strongest backward and forward linkages with the rest of the economy and should have strongest capital accumulation and highest productivity growth. This paper argues through empirical evidences that service sector in India does not fulfil these criteria and hence, Kaldor?s theory is inadequate to explain sectoral structure of the Indian growth. |
| Keywords: | Growth, Services, India, productivity |
| JEL: | O14 O53 O40 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:8209711&r=hme |
| By: | van Dalen, Harry (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Abstract: | In many countries, the academic position of female economists is a very disadvantaged one – and to a far greater degree than is the case in the other social sciences. There seems to be no conclusive answer to the question why this is so, nor is it clear to what extent this also applies to the Netherlands. Is it because of their views on economic matters, because of their values, or has it to do with workplace practices? The publish-or-perish culture affects women far more than men. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:86a9c814-6feb-4056-b7dd-1b8f08c4dbe7&r=hme |
| By: | Raghunathan, K. |
| Abstract: | Effective agricultural extension is key to improving productivity, increasing farmers access to information, and promoting more diverse sets of crops and improved methods of cultivation. In India, however, the coverage of agricultural extension workers and the relevance of advice they provide is poor. We investigate whether another platform that of women s self-help groups could be an effective way of improving access to information, women s empowerment in agriculture, improved agricultural practices, and production diversity. We used cross-sectional data on close to 3000 women from 5 states in India, and employ nearest-neighbor matching models to match SHG and non-SHG women along a range of pre-determined characteristics. We find that participation in an SHG increases women s access to information and their participation in some agricultural decisions, but has limited impact on agricultural practices or outcomes. Other constraints like income and social norms could be limiting the translation of knowledge into practice. Since SHGs are uniquely placed to change even these constraints, it is important to identify and account for them when advocating the use of these groups in improving agriculture and livelihoods. Acknowledgement : This work was undertaken as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH). The opinions expressed here belong to the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of A4NH or CGIAR. We acknowledge the generous support of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through the research project Women Improving Nutrition through Group-based Strategies, OPP1132181. The authors would also like to thank Purnima Menon for useful feedback on this paper. |
| Keywords: | Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277537&r=hme |
| By: | Kordel, Stefan; Weidinger, Tobias; Hachmeister, Silke |
| Abstract: | This working paper addresses methodological presuppositions and opportunities of empirical research on subjectively perceived marginalization of people in their respective life-worlds. Particularly processes of socio-spatial exclusion and lack of participation of marginalized groups in rural areas could be covered with the tools presented in the course of visually supported and participatory oriented biographical interviews. In order to consider life-worlds, social practices and resulting processes of exclusion and inclusion from the individual's angle, the interrelation between researcher and participants has to be challenged. Accordingly, issues of positionality and power are raised, as well as reflexivity and self-perception of researchers. The authors sketch principles of a qualitative research design and present a guideline to be applied in the course of biographically-narrative research with refugees. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2018–11–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:279789&r=hme |
| By: | Solomon Hsiang; Robert E. Kopp |
| Abstract: | Climate change management is a global challenge that requires social science as much as it requires natural science. We provide a brief introduction to the physical science of climate change, written to provide essential background for economists and other social scientists. We also highlight some key areas in which economists—including those studying macroeconomics, political economy, and development—are in a unique position to help climate science advance. |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25189&r=hme |
| By: | Ulrike Malmendier |
| Abstract: | Behavioral Corporate Finance provides new and testable explanations for long-standing corporate-finance puzzles by applying insights from psychology to the behavior of investors, managers, and third parties (e. g., analysts or bankers). This chapter gives an overview of the three leading streams of research and quantifies publication output and trends in the field. It emphasizes how Behavioral Corporate Finance has contributed to the broader field of Behavioral Economics. One contribution arises from the identification of biased behavior (also) in successful professionals, such as CEOs, entrepreneurs, or analysts. This evidence constitutes a significant departure from the prior focus on individual investors and consumers, where biases could be interpreted as `low ability,' and it implies much broader applicability and implications of behavioral biases. A related contribution is the emphasis on individual heterogeneity, i. e., the careful consideration of the type of biases that are plausible for which type of individual and situation. |
| JEL: | G02 G3 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25162&r=hme |
| By: | Abel, William; Tenreyro, Silvana; Thwaites, Gregory |
| Abstract: | We study the evolution and effects of monopsony power in the UK private sector labour market from 1998 to 2017. Using linked employee-firm micro-data, we find that: (1) Measures of monopsony have been relatively stable across the time period examined - rising prior to the crisis, before subsequently falling again. (2) There is substantial cross-sectional variation in monopsony at the industry level. (3) Higher levels of labour market concentration are associated with lower pay amongst workers not covered by a collective bargaining agreement. (4) For workers covered by a collective bargaining agreement, the association between labour market concentration and pay is greatly reduced and in most cases disappears. (5) The link between productivity and wage levels is weaker when labour markets are more concentrated. |
| Keywords: | labour markets; market power; monopsony; Unionization |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:13265&r=hme |
| By: | Zhang, Peilu; Zhang, Yinjunjie; Palma, Marco |
| Abstract: | Women often respond less favorably to competition than men. In this paper, we test for the effects of social norms on willingness to compete. Subjects compete in two-person teams. In the treatment, one team member is randomly assigned the role of “breadwinner”, and the other person is randomly assigned as the “supporter”. There are no real differences between the roles in our experiment, except for the framing. These two roles have opposite social norms for competitiveness, reminiscent of gender roles in western society. In the baseline, subjects compete in two-person teams without role assignment. We find women’s willingness to compete significantly increases when they are assigned as breadwinners compared to women in the base- line or female supporters. We also find that there is no gender gap in willingness to compete between female breadwinners and males in the baseline. The increase in willingness to compete is mainly contributed by high-ability women. Males are also affected by the role assignment; male supporters are less likely to enter the tournament than male breadwinners. We argue that the changes in willingness to compete are mainly driven by the social norms implied by the two roles. |
| Keywords: | gender gap, gender stereotypes, tournament entry |
| JEL: | A14 B54 C90 |
| Date: | 2018–10–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:89727&r=hme |