|
on Heterodox Microeconomics |
|
Issue of 2017‒05‒07
seventeen papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Ian P.Cassar (Central Bank of Malta) |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the extent of change in the production structure of the Maltese Economy on the basis of three symmetric input-output tables via the application of hypothetical extraction analysis. |
| JEL: | C63 C67 D57 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mlt:wpaper:0117&r=hme |
| By: | Jakob Kapeller (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Matthias Aistleitner (Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria); Stefan Steinberger (Department of Mathematics, Yale University, US) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we explore three claims concerning the disciplinary character of economics by means of citation analysis. The three claims under study are: (1) economics exhibits strong forms of intellectual stratification and, as a byproduct, a rather pronounced internal hierarchy, (2) economists strongly conform to institutional incentives and (3) modern mainstream economics is a highly self-referential intellectual project mostly inaccessible to disciplinary or paradigmatic outsiders. The validity of these claims is assessed by means of an interdisciplinary comparison of citation patterns aiming to identify the peculiar characteristics of economic discourse. In exposing and discussing these peculiarities of economics, we emphasize the availability of two competing scientometric perspectives for assessing and interpreting our findings. |
| Keywords: | citation patterns, economics, interdisciplinary, scientometrics, sociology of economics |
| JEL: | A10 A12 A14 |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ico:wpaper:60&r=hme |
| By: | Silvestri, Paolo (University of Turin) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to address the following two questions: a) what is the logic of the kind of discourse that seeks to found, demarcate or defend the autonomy or the boundaries of a discipline; b) why does this discourse, whether methodological, ontological or epistemological, sometimes turn into normative, dogmatic-excommunicating wrangles among disciplines, schools or scholars? I will argue that an adequate answer may be found if we understand: 1) disciplines as institutions and, therefore, as dogmatic systems, where scholars’ discourse often takes the form of a legitimizing discourse regarding the founding Reference of their own discipline; 2) that scholars speak in the name of that very foundation, with which they closely identify; 3) that the issue of the legitimacy of a discipline cannot easily be separated from the issue of identity and, therefore, of a scholar’s legitimacy; 4) that the excommunication may arise not only when the founding Reference is absolutized, but also as a form of self-defense of a scholar’s identity-legitimacy. To understand these claims I will re-examine three paradigmatic positions: the methodological, ontological and epistemological considerations put forward by (and the debates between) Pareto, Croce and Einaudi – with specific reference to the demarcation between philosophy, economics and value-judgments. |
| Date: | 2017–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:cesmep:201701&r=hme |
| By: | Tesfatsion, Leigh |
| Abstract: | Real-world economies are open-ended dynamic systems consisting of heterogeneous interacting participants. Human participants are decision-makers who strategically take into account the past actions and potential future actions of other participants. All participants are forced to be locally constructive, meaning their actions at any given time must be based on their local states; and participant actions at any given time affect future local states. Taken together, these properties imply real-world economies are locally-constructive sequential games. This study discusses a modeling approach, agent-based computational economics (ACE), that permits researchers to study economic systems from this point of view. ACE modeling principles and objectives are first concisely presented. The remainder of the study then highlights challenging issues and edgier explorations that ACE researchers are currently pursuing. |
| Date: | 2017–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genstf:201704300700001022&r=hme |
| By: | Gorga, Carmine |
| Abstract: | In mainstream economics, the sight is restricted to forms of financial bubbles. In Concordian economics, rather than the behavior of the financial markets. instead, a bubble is defined as a separation of monetary values from values of real wealth. Hence, the concern is with the behavior of the entire economic system. Once defined, Concordian economics allows us to measure the bubble. To obtain this result, Concordian economics overcomes one of the major hurdles in economics, that is the measurement of real wealth as an entity separate and distinct from monetary wealth. Read on. |
| Keywords: | A10, B40, B59, C18, C60, D20, D30, D84, E01, E19, G01, K40 |
| JEL: | A10 |
| Date: | 2016–09–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:78698&r=hme |
| By: | Pontoni, Gabriela A. |
| Abstract: | En los últimos veinte años, la mayor visibilidad y protagonismo del sindicato de Camioneros en el desarrollo de las relaciones laborales de la Argentina, no sólo respondió a diversos factores del contexto socioeconómico que desde 2003 alentaron la acción sindical, sino también a su trayectoria y consolidación institucional. Analizar dicho protagonismo constituye el objetivo de este artículo, el cual buscará comprender cómo aquél actor construyó y fortaleció su capacidad de organización, entendida ésta como la habilidad para configurar una estructura interna capaz de afrontar los cambios del contexto político-económico en el que la organización se desenvuelve. El abordaje metodológico seleccionado es el estudio de caso, a partir del cual se procedió a la comparación diacrónica de dos procesos socio-históricos del sindicato, 1990-2002 y 2003-2011. Para ello se realizaron entrevistas en base a una muestra intencional multivocal que facilitó la interpretación de dichos procesos. Nuestro análisis muestra que a partir del 2003 no fueron sólo las oportunidades provistas por el contexto las que fortalecieron la capacidad de organización del sindicato de Camioneros, sino que resultó fundamental la habilidad de sus dirigentes para interpretar lo que sucedía. Así, sus acciones buscaron aprovechar las características y escenarios que presentaba cada período (y contexto) estudiado. El aporte del artículo se sitúa en el campo disciplinario de las relaciones laborales, utilizando las teorías de análisis estratégico que toman como elemento central el concepto de "opciones estratégicas". Bajo esta perspectiva teórica, el estudio de la capacidad de organización del sindicato Camioneros, permite no sólo reconstruir la dinámica de las relaciones laborales argentinas entre los años 1991-2011, sino que al mismo tiempo colabora con la profundización del análisis de la heterogeneidad sectorial que mostró el resurgimiento sindical en la Argentina durante dicho período. |
| Keywords: | Estrategia Sindical; Relaciones Laborales; Camiones; Transporte por Carretera; Transporte de Mercancías; |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:2627&r=hme |
| By: | Kazancı, Fatih |
| Abstract: | Whether Islamic economic system an alternative system in recent years occupy the agenda because of continuous problems of the crisis of capitalism and the collapse of socialism. Which carries the characteristics of Islamic economics as it is closer to the economic system it is under debate. In the similar features when examined with a free market economy is a known fact that the characteristics of Islamic economics. In this article, the Islamic economy with a free market economy is examined according to various characteristics have been studied to reveal the similarities and differences between them. |
| Keywords: | Islamic Economy, Free Market Economy, Liberalism |
| JEL: | P51 |
| Date: | 2016–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:78304&r=hme |
| By: | Colvin, Christopher L. |
| Abstract: | This article investigates the impact of the socioreligious segregation of Dutch society on the asset allocation choices of rural bankers and the withdrawal behavior of their depositors during the early 1920s. Results suggest that cooperatively-owned Raiffeisen banks for both Catholic and Protestant minority groups could limit their exposure to a debt-deflation crisis, despite operating more precarious balance sheets than banks for majorities. Business histories demonstrate how strict membership criteria and personal guarantors acted as screening and monitoring devices. Banks serving minorities functioned as club goods, managing their exposure to the crisis by exploiting the confessionalized nature of Dutch society. |
| Keywords: | cooperative banking,club goods,financial history,the Netherlands |
| JEL: | G01 G21 N24 N84 P13 Z12 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:qucehw:201703&r=hme |
| By: | Bidegain Ponte, Nicole |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Sustainable Development Goals in light of the challenges and priorities for gender equality and women’s rights and autonomy in Latin America and the Caribbean. Examples are presented to illustrate the interconnections between the goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda and to underscore the importance of taking an integrated approach in order to ensure that progress on some Sustainable Development Goals is not achieved by means that could impede the attainment of goals and targets associated with gender equality and women’s rights. This paper concludes that the Regional Gender Agenda provides a roadmap for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals in Latin America and the Caribbean through the implementation of public policies that link up the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development and contribute to the eradication of gender inequalities and inequalities within and among countries |
| Keywords: | MUJERES, GENERO, AGENDA 2030 PARA EL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, OBJETIVOS DE DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DERECHOS DE LA MUJER, ADELANTO DE LA MUJER, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, PROGRAMAS DE ACCION, WOMEN, GENDER, 2030 AGENDA FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS, WOMEN'S RIGHTS, WOMEN'S ADVANCEMENT, GENDER EQUALITY, PROGRAMMES OF ACTION |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col040:41200&r=hme |
| By: | Cortes, Patricia (Boston University); Pan, Jessica (National University of Singapore) |
| Abstract: | Occupational differences by gender remain a common feature of labor markets. We begin by documenting recent trends in occupational segregation and its implications. We then review recent empirical research, focusing on new classes of explanations that emphasize the role of gender differences in psychological traits, preferences for non-pecuniary (family-friendly) job characteristics, personality traits, and skills. Using detailed data on occupational work content from O*NET linked to the American Community Survey (ACS), we examine how the various job attributes identified in the literature affect men and women's occupational choices and the gender wage gap. Finally, we consider the role of gender identity and social norms in shaping occupational choice and preferences for various job attributes. We conclude with policy implications and suggestions for future research. |
| Keywords: | gender, occupation, segregation, gender preferences, family-friendly, psychological traits, personality traits, identity |
| JEL: | J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10672&r=hme |
| By: | Erik Jones; Francisco Torres |
| Abstract: | The euro area crisis cannot be understood without combining insights from a variety of disciplines — economics and political science first and foremost. This introduction aims at explaining how the essays in this collection map onto a number of important debates in political science. We sketch four well-known areas for the political science community: the framework for multilevel governance, the role of ideas in policymaking, the interaction between power politics and distributive bargaining, and the challenge of popular legitimation. These critical themes in the current crisis are important areas of overlap in economic and political analysis. Hence, the aim of this introduction is to show how these themes emerge in the essays that follow. |
| Keywords: | economics and politics; multilevel governance; the role of ideas; power politics and distributive bargaining; popular legitimation |
| JEL: | N0 |
| Date: | 2015–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:65332&r=hme |
| By: | Zhi-Fu Mi; Yi-Ming Wei (Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEP), Beijing Institute of Technology); Bing Wang; Jing Meng; Zhu Liu; Yuli Shan; Jingru Liu; Dabo Guan |
| Abstract: | China is the largest emitter of carbon emissions in the world. In this paper, we present an Integrated Model of Economy and Climate (IMEC), an optimization model based on the input-output model. The model is designed to assess the tradeoff between emission deceleration and economic growth. Given that China's projected average growth rate will exceed 5% over the next two decades, we find that China may reach its peak CO2 emissions levels by 2026. According to this scenario, China's carbon emissions will peak at 11.20 Gt in 2026 and will then decline to 10.84 Gt in 2030. Accordingly, approximately 22 Gt of CO2 will be removed from 2015 to 2035 relative to the scenario wherein China¡¯s CO2 emissions peak in 2030. While this earlier peaking of carbon emissions will result in a decline in China's GDP, several sectors, such as Machinery and Education, will benefit. In order to reach peak CO2 emissions by 2026, China needs to reduce its annual GDP growth rate to less than 4.5% by 2030 and decrease energy and carbon intensity levels by 43% and 45%, respectively, from 2015 to 2030. |
| Keywords: | carbon emissions; peak; input-output; optimization model; integrated assessment model; China |
| JEL: | Q54 Q40 |
| Date: | 2017–04–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:biw:wpaper:103&r=hme |
| By: | Carlos Gradín |
| Abstract: | We extend the conventional framework for measuring segregation to consider stratification of occupations by gender, i.e. when women or men are predominantly segregated into low-paying jobs. For this, we propose to use concentration curves and indices. Our empirical analysis using this approach shows that the decline over time in occupational gender segregation in the US has been accompanied by a deeper, longer reduction in gender stratification. We further investigate the role of workers’ characteristics, showing that gender differences cannot explain the levels of segregation/stratification in any year. However, changes over time for each gender do help to explain their trends. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2017-89&r=hme |
| By: | Francesco Lamperti (Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris 1 (UP1)); Andrea Roventini (Laboratory of Economics and Management); Amir Sani (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)) |
| Abstract: | Taking agent-based models (ABM) closer to the data is an open challenge. This paper explicitly tackles parameter space exploration and calibration of ABMs combining supervised machine-learning and intelligent sampling to build a surrogate meta-model. The proposed approach provides a fast and accurate approximation of model behaviour, dramatically reducing computation time. In that, our machine-learning surrogate facilitates large scale explorations of the parameter-space, while providing a powerful filter to gain insights into the complex functioning of agent-based models. The algorithm introduced in this paper merges model simulation and output analysis into a surrogate meta-model, which substantially ease ABM calibration. We successfully apply our approach to the Brock and Hommes (1998) asset pricing model and to the “Island” endogenous growth model (Fagiolo and Dosi, 2003). Performance is evaluated against a relatively large outof-sample set of parameter combinations, while employing different user-defined statistical tests for output analysis. The results demonstrate the capacity of machine learning surrogates to facilitate fast and precise exploration of agent-based models’ behaviour over their often rugged parameter spaces. |
| Keywords: | Agent-based model; Calibration; Machine learning; Surrogate; Meta-model |
| JEL: | C15 C52 C63 |
| Date: | 2017–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/20hflp7eqn97boh50no50tv67n&r=hme |
| By: | Bloj, Cristina |
| Abstract: | La educación técnico-profesional viene experimentado transformaciones substantivas en la región, aunque con diferentes ritmos y grados de concreción en cada país. En las últimas décadas a la par que se asiste a una incorporación masiva de las mujeres al mercado de trabajo, se registra una tendencia creciente de la elección de carreras técnicas y, en consecuencia, un aumento de la matrícula en el nivel de formación media y superior. No obstante sus niveles de capacitación y habilidades, las mujeres siguen en desventaja de cara al acceso al trabajo, a las condiciones laborales y a las brechas salariales. En este contexto, el estudio indaga sobre las coordenadas históricas y actuales de la educación técnico-profesional en Argentina. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se analizan las trayectorias de mujeres egresadas de la educación técnico-profesional de diferentes generaciones, perfiles profesionales y situaciones laborales, poniendo de relieve los desafíos por delante, las barreras y estereotipos culturales que obstaculizan sus logros, las oportunidades que han generado en estos tránsitos, y los impactos en sus autonomías. A través del conocimiento producido sobre la situación de estas mujeres se espera contribuir al diseño de políticas públicas que refuercen los nexos entre educación y trabajo, y a la construcción de sistemas educativos y laborales con igualdad de género. |
| Keywords: | MUJERES, ENSEÑANZA TECNICA, ENSEÑANZA PROFESIONAL, EDUCACION DE LA MUJER, IGUALDAD DE GENERO, EMPLEO DE LA MUJER, DATOS ESTADISTICOS, WOMEN, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, WOMEN'S EDUCATION, GENDER EQUALITY, WOMEN'S EMPLOYMENT, STATISTICAL DATA |
| Date: | 2017–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col040:41230&r=hme |
| By: | Kübler, Dorothea; Schmid, Julia; Stüber, Robert |
| Abstract: | We investigate gender discrimination and its variation between firms, occupations, and industries with a factorial survey design (vignette study) for a large sample of German firms. Short CVs of fictitious applicants are presented to human resource managers who indicate the likelihood of the applicants being invited to the next step of the hiring process. We observe that women are evaluated worse than men on average, controlling for all other attributes of the CV, i.e., school grades, age, information about activities since leaving school, parents' occupations etc. Discrimination against women varies across industries and occupations, and is strongest for occupations with lower educational requirements and of lower occupational status. Women receive worse evaluations when applying for male-dominated occupations. Overall, the share of women in an occupation explains more of the difference in evaluations than any other occupation- or firm-related variable. |
| Keywords: | gender discrimination,hiring decisions,vignette study |
| JEL: | C99 J71 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbmbh:spii2017201&r=hme |
| By: | Radosevic, Dubravko |
| Abstract: | When the financial crisis revealed weaknesses in eurozone governance, EU responded with new prevention and crisis resolution governance structure and counter-cyclical policies. A new surveillance procedure for the prevention and correction of macroeconomic imbalances, the so called Macroeconomic Imbalance Procedure (MIP). The EC has recognized the existence of excessive imbalances that requires strong and comprehensive policy measures to undertake significant adjustments. International competitiveness indicators and policy instruments are the most important for correction of external imbalances. This is also one of the major challenges in the euro zone – the symmetric adjustment of the intra – euro area competitiveness divergences and external imbalances. For non – euro area EU members, monetary strategies and exchange rate policies are highly important instruments of adjustment process. Spillover effects of financial crisis in EU periphery (non – EMU economies) could be damaging for the eurozone economies. The European economic governance mechanisms are inconsistent with specific position of the non - euro area countries of the EU. The aim of this policy paper is to analyze European economic governance for non – euro area members. Our reform proposals are based on the two basic areas of improvements in European economic governance for non – EMU members of the EU: (a) new approach to the European Semester, and (b) new financial assistance facilities for non – euro area countries, in order to reduce contagion risk in EU. |
| Keywords: | European Union debt crisis, European economic governance, EU conditionality, European Semester, spill – over effects, external adjustment mechanisms, crisis mechanisms for non – EMU economies, Brexit, Italy’s banking crisis, ECB, Target 2 |
| JEL: | B5 B50 E60 E61 F30 F33 F36 F4 F42 H1 H12 |
| Date: | 2016–12–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:78613&r=hme |