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on Heterodox Microeconomics |
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Issue of 2016‒04‒09
twelve papers chosen by Carlo D’Ippoliti Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” |
| By: | Diana Lopez-Avila (PSE - Paris-Jourdan Sciences Economiques - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - Institut national de la recherche agronomique (INRA) - École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, EEP-PSE - Ecole d'Économie de Paris - Paris School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at shedding light on the relationship between women's empowerment and domestic violence. For this, we explore different ways to measure women's empowerment and domestic violence, and analyze whether the relation depends on the definitions used. We take advantage of a rich data set collected in rural Colombia, including several measures of self-esteem, disagreement towards domestic violence, participation in household decisions and social capital; and analyze the relationship with both aggressive and controlling ways of domestic violence. The results indicate that the different measures of women's empowerment help explain much better the aggressive ways of domestic violence than the controlling ones. Our results show a positive correlation between women's empowerment and domestic violence. This goes in line with the theories that argue that men use violence as a way to leverage their power within the household. Among the different latent measures of women's empowerment we used, we found that social capital and self-esteem are significantly correlated with aggressive domestic violence. We do not find that more common proxies, such as women's participation in household decisions, are significantly correlated to domestic violence. |
| Keywords: | Gender,Domestic Violence,Household bargaining models,Social Capital,D13, I15, J12, J16, O12 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-01294565&r=hme |
| By: | Vasco M. Carvalho; ; ; |
| Abstract: | A modern economy is an intricately linked web of specialized production units, each relying on the flow of inputs from their suppliers to produce their own output which, in turn, is routed towards other downstream units. In this essay, I argue that this network perpective on production linkages can offer novel insights on the sources of aggregate fluctuations. To do this, I show (i) how production networks can be mapped to a standard general equilibrium setup; (ii) how to approach input-output from this networked perspective and (iii) how theory and data on production networks can be usefully combined to shed light on comovement and aggregate fluctuations. |
| Keywords: | Production Networks; Comovement; Business Cycles; Input-Output Linkages. |
| Date: | 2014–10–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1467&r=hme |
| By: | 南, 裕子 |
| Abstract: | 本稿の目的は、中国農村における個人化についての近年の研究をジェンダー研究と繋ぎ合わせることにより、農村部のジェンダー問題を個人化の展開という視角から考察することである。農村部の個人化の展開は、伝統的に形成されてきたジェンダー規範（ジェンダーの非対称な関係性）にいかなる影響をもたらすのかについて、文献資料と自らの調査事例を基に議論した。農村部において、主体的に自由に活動できる空間を拡大し、自分自身の生き方を求め、それを実現できるようになった女性は増えている。しかしその領域を見ると、家族・親族といった私的領域内では広がりが見られるが、公共的領域においては既存のジェンダー規範は根強く女性の行動を制約する傾向にある。また、そうした生き方が可能な女性とそれがかなわない女性に分化が生じ、個人化する社会のリスクが一部の女性に高くなっている。このことは、個人化する社会への適応における女性間の格差を示す。その要因は、個人の能力によるものと、元来のジェンダー間の非対称な関係性の残存が女性のエンパワーメントを阻害することに帰せられる部分とがある。こうした状況を理論的にいかにとらえることが可能か、さらにこのような個人化のリスクに対して、中国社会にはどのような対応の可能性が存在するのかを検討した。, This paper explores the impact of individualization on gender relations in contemporary rural China. The main question is whether ongoing individualization could dissolve the traditional norms of gender and emancipate rural women. Based on the studies on individualization and gender in rural China and findings from the author’s field research, this paper shows that there are an increasing number of women who have expanded their spheres for acting autonomously to search for the life of one’s own and to pursue individual desires. But this expansion proceeds disproportionately between the public domain and the private domain and we can find the differenciation among women in terms of the degree of individualization. This illustrates the gap of abilities to adopt individualization, and it is partly attributed to one’s own quality but also to failure of women’s empowerment caused by unchanged gender norm. To understand this situation, two contrastive theoretical explanations are presented. One is to perceive it as a transitional situation of individualization; the other is as a finiteness of individualization. In the last section this paper discusses possibility of Chinese society to cope with the risk accompanied by individualization. |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:econdp:2016-02&r=hme |
| By: | Meyer, Rachel |
| Abstract: | How can we best conceptualize working-class mobilization in the post-Fordist regime of flexible accumulation? With the increasing precariousness of employment, how do workers press their demands? While the emphasis thus far has been on the melding of workplace and community organizing, which is a hallmark of ?social movement unionism,? I argue that there is a countervailing trend afoot that has received far less attention?that is, a bifurcation of strategies. Only those select workers who are in powerful structural locations, such as transportation and distribution workers, are in a position to take the economic route while the swelling ranks of the precariat have turned instead to the political sphere to press their demands. Additionally, I address what this bifurcation means for labor's power and working-class formation. Does the separation of economic and political protest lead to a weakened working class? Such a separation has been thought to undermine class-based solidarities, with community identities undermining workplace-based ones. I argue, however, that the contemporary context is different in that precarious workers? mobilizations in the community have become explicitly class-based. In contrast to the long-standing notion of the workplace as the hotbed of working-class consciousness, the community has emerged as a locus of class-based perspectives and solidarities. Throughout I emphasize not just strategy and material gain for the working class, but also shifts in civil society, organizations, and subjectivity. My argument is developed through a case study of the Chicago Jobs and Living Wage Campaign, which is then compared to other cases of precarious worker mobilization around the globe. Examining the tensions inherent in precarious workers? political mobilization in the context of the post-Fordist neoliberal state, the study has implications for labor and social movements, class formation, citizenship, and contemporary capitalism |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qsh:wpaper:381926&r=hme |
| By: | Arnildo da Silva Correa; Myrian Beatriz S. Petrassi; Rafael Santos |
| Abstract: | Price surveys became popular after the seminal work of Blinder (1991) exploring the price-setting practices of the US firms, which filled some blanks left by the simple observation of prices charged by firms. The present paper reports the findings of a survey conducted by the Central Bank of Brazil with local firms. The sample covered 7,002 firms, the entire country and 3 economic sectors: manufacturing, services and commerce. The collected answers suggest important features about price-setting behavior in Brazil, such as: (i) the cost of reviewing price are low, but there is important nominal rigidity – firms report that change prices 3.6 times per year –, (ii) state-dependent rules seem to be more frequent than time-dependent behavior, (iii) markup pricing appears to be the dominant strategy, and (iv) the two most important factors driving price changes are the cost of intermediate goods and the inflation rate. A complete description of the results is found throughout the paper and summarized in the final section. The paper also discusses some policy implications from the results |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bcb:wpaper:422&r=hme |
| By: | Alain Anquetil (ESSCA École de Management) |
| Abstract: | Pour étudier les dimensions spécifiquement éthiques de l'économie sociale et solidaire, il est indispensable de mener une analyse morale du concept de solidarité. Fait naturel, la solidarité entre les hommes en est un « fondement originel » (Jeantet 2006), une « référence obligée » (Ewald 1996). Mais si elle est susceptible de contribuer à « l'émancipation de l'Homme » (Déclaration du CNLAMCA 1995), elle n'est pas bonne en elle-même, et c'est la raison pour laquelle des auteurs comme Charles Gide (1893) se demandèrent si l'idée de solidarité avait une valeur morale. Cette question − celle de la légitimité du passage de la solidarité comme fait à la solidarité comme devoir − se situe typiquement dans le champ de la philosophie morale. Mais le concept de solidarité soulève d'autres questions morales. Elles concernent d'abord les rapports de la solidarité avec la liberté de la personne, son autonomie et la possibilité de son développement individuel dans les cadres collectifs proposés par l'économie sociale et solidaire. Elles ont aussi trait à la psychologie morale de ses acteurs, en particulier aux vertus nécessaires à l'exercice de la solidarité à tous les niveaux où elle devrait se manifester. |
| Keywords: | Solidarité, fait et valeur, valeur morale, économie sociale et solidaire, solidarisme, altruisme |
| Date: | 2016–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-01294266&r=hme |
| By: | Jesus Ramos-Martin (Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Ecuador) |
| Abstract: | New or revived concepts such as degrowth and the knowledge economy represent a necessary criticism to the conventional view on economic growth, especially in regard to their environmental criticism. Both ideas are related as degrowth needs the application of knowledge in order to be operationalised and both share as a desirable outcome the reduction of working time. However, both concepts also bear common flaws in their criticism, due to the lack of attention in their analysis of the biophysical side of the economic process that has been analysed in approaches such as societal metabolism. The document discusses these weaknesses with the aim of stirring the much needed debate on the limits to growth. |
| Keywords: | Degrowth, knowledge, sustainability, complexity, societal metabolism |
| JEL: | O11 O44 Q43 Q57 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:flc:flcwps:2016_04&r=hme |
| By: | Mark Sommer; Kurt Kratena |
| Abstract: | This paper calculates the CO2e (CO2 equivalents) footprint of private consumption in the EU27 by five groups of household income, using a fully fledged macroeconomic input-output model covering 59 industries and five groups of household income for the EU27. Due to macroeconomic feedback mechanisms, this methodology not only takes into account intermediate demand induced by the demand of a household group, but also: (i) private consumption induced in the other household groups, (ii) impacts on other endogenous final demand components, and (iii) negative feedback effects due to output price effects of household demand. Direct household emissions from household energy consumption are taken into account in a non-linear specification. Emissions embodied in imports are calculated using the results of a static MRIO (Multi-Regional Input-Output) model. The footprint is calculated separately for the consumption vector of each of the five income groups. The simulation results yield an income elasticity of direct and indirect emissions at each income level that takes all macroeconomic feedbacks of consumption into account and differs from the ceteris paribus emission elasticity in the literature. The results further reveal that a small structural ‘Kuznet effect’ exists. |
| Keywords: | Carbon footprint, CGE modeling, income distribution |
| JEL: | C67 Q52 Q54 |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:feu:wfewop:y:2016:m:3:d:0:i:113&r=hme |
| By: | Hanappi, Hardy |
| Abstract: | This paper sets out to explain the links between the upheavals in Arab states in spring 2011 and the current wave of immigration in Europe. As it turns out, an understanding of these dynamics involves not only the tightly interwoven net of economic and political motives and actions, it also is necessary to understand the working of ideological warfare (including religions) in a new age of information and communication technology. Thus there is the intermediate step of an ‘Islamic Winter’ between the ‘Arab Spring’ and the ‘North-African Exodus’. |
| Keywords: | Arab Spring, Radical Islamism, Refugee Crisis |
| JEL: | F22 F54 Z12 Z13 |
| Date: | 2016–04–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:70515&r=hme |
| By: | Angela Bruns (University of Washington) |
| Abstract: | A burgeoning body of literature documents the economic consequences of men’s incarceration for their families, yet we know little about how the predominantly poor, minority women heading these families modify their behaviors in response to the economic hardships they experience. To address this question, I use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and latent class regression analysis to characterize four groups of women who modify their income generating strategies in diverse ways during the time their partners are incarcerated. The analysis combines information on changes in women’s employment, receipt of public assistance, receipt of financial support from family and friends, and shared residence to explore the multiple strategies women employ following their partners’ imprisonment and how these pieces fit together and shift in conjunction with each other over time. Results indicate that women not only modify their income packages in diverse ways, but the types of changes women make to their strategies are determined largely by factors indicating social class: women’s educational attainment and household income. Even the most advantaged women are not insulated from the need to alter their strategies for making ends meet. |
| Keywords: | Incarceration |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:crcwel:wp15-04-ff&r=hme |
| By: | Ilse Lindenlaub; Anja Prummer; ; |
| Abstract: | This paper documents gender differences in social ties and develops a theory that links them to disparities in men’s and women’s labor market performance. Men’s networks lead to better access to information, women’s to higher peer pressure. Both affect effort in a model of teams, each beneficial in different environments. We find that information is particularly valuable under high uncertainty, whereas peer pressure is more valuable in the opposite case. We therefore expect men to outperform women in jobs that are characterized by high earnings uncertainty, such as the financial sector or film industry – in line with the evidence rationale. |
| Keywords: | Networks, Peer Pressure, Gender, Labor Market Outcomes |
| JEL: | D85 Z13 J16 |
| Date: | 2014–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1461&r=hme |
| By: | Giri, Federico; Riccetti, Luca; Russo, Alberto; Gallegati, Mauro |
| Abstract: | An accommodating monetary policy followed by a sudden increase of the short term interest rate often leads to a bubble burst and to an economic slowdown. Two examples are the Great Depression of 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008. Through the implementation of an Agent Based Model with a financial accelerator mechanism we are able to study the relationship between monetary policy and large scale crisis events. The main results can be summarized as follow: a) sudden and sharp increases of the policy rate can generate recessions; b) after a crisis, returning too soon and too quickly to a normal monetary policy regime can generate a "double dip" recession, while c) keeping the short term interest rate anchored to the zero lower bound in the short run can successfully avoid a further slowdown. |
| Keywords: | Monetary Policy; Large Crises; Agent Based Model; Financial Accelerator; Zero Lower Bound. |
| JEL: | C63 E32 E44 E58 |
| Date: | 2016–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:70371&r=hme |