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on Gender |
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Issue of 2024–12–30
four papers chosen by Jan Sauermann, Institutet för Arbetsmarknads- och Utbildningspolitisk Utvärdering |
| By: | Claire Mollier (EconomiX, Paris Nanterre University, France); Aurora García-Gallego (ICAE and Economics Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid and LEE and Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain); Tarek Jaber-López (Institute of Public Goods and Policies (IPP), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain); Sarah Zaccagni (Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Denmark.) |
| Abstract: | We investigate how the competition outcome and the gender of the opponent affect the decision to compete again, using a lab experiment. Our experimental design adopts the strategy method to measure individuals’ reactions to winning or losing. Subjects indicate their willingness to compete again based on performance gaps with their opponents. Furthermore, gender is inferred from participant-selected- names, allowing for an exploration of the role played by the opponent’s gender. We find that all subjects are slightly more willing to compete after winning against a female opponent. Also, it is slightly more likely that they accept to re-compete against a male after winning. Males try significantly more to outperform a female after losing, and this is robust when controlling for gender stereotypes and age. |
| Keywords: | competitiveness, gender, feedback, career decisions, lab experiment |
| JEL: | C91 D91 J16 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jau:wpaper:2024/08 |
| By: | Taiyo Fukai (Faculty of Economics, Gakushuin University); Keisuke Kawata (Institute of Social Sciences, University of Tokyo); Mizuki Komura (School of Economics, Kwansei Gakuin University); Takahiro Toriyabe (Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University) |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes the gender gap in ask salaries using large administrative data of public job referrals, which allows us to look at the ask salaries of individuals from a wider wage distribution. We conduct a decomposition analysis using available information on age, desired work region, and desired occupation. We find that of the three factors, desired occupation is the most important in generating differences in ask salaries; however, the residuals are the largest outside of the three factors. A heterogeneity analysis is also conducted to understand the factors behind the residuals when only the available data are used. |
| Keywords: | Gender wage gap; Gender ask gap; Administrative |
| JEL: | J16 J31 J64 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kgu:wpaper:284 |
| By: | Mette Goertz (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Ida Lykke Kristiansen (Department of Economics, University of Copenhagen); Tianyi Wang (Department of Economics, the University of Toronto) |
| Abstract: | While physicians are crucial to patient outcomes, what determines physician behavior and decision making remains to be understood. In this paper, we study how physicians family characteristics influence physicians behavior and patient health outcomes. Using administrative data from Denmark and the natural experiment of a childs gender, we find that having daughters affects male primary care physicians practices and the health of their female patients. Specifically, female patients cared for by male physicians with one additional daughter (compared to one additional son) are 5.5% less likely to die from female-specific cancers, including breast and gynecologic cancers. This improvement in outcomes appears to stem from enhanced cancer screening and preventive efforts, leading to earlier detection and more successful prevention. Exploring potential mechanisms, we find that male physicians with more daughters show greater attentiveness to female-specific health guidelines and are more likely to collaborate with women. We also find suggestive evidence from survey data that female patients report higher levels of trust, empathy, and clearer communication with these physicians. |
| Keywords: | Women’s Health, Primary Care Physician, Physician Behavior, Practice Style |
| JEL: | I10 I14 J12 |
| Date: | 2024–11–26 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kud:kucebi:2418 |
| By: | Arzu KIBRIS (University of Warwick); Eren ARBATLI (Durham University); Cole WILLIAMS (Durham University) |
| Abstract: | One out of three women views intimate partner violence (IPV) as justified, and the rates of IPV approval are significantly higher among women than men. Beyond societal norms and family upbringing, what other factors explain IPV approval among women? We propose a theory that focuses on women’s experiences with ‘toxic husbands’ who display authoritarian attitudes and high proclivity to aggression. Our model highlights a novel mechanism whereby experiencing threatening behavior leads women to adopt fear-induced submission when the perceived risks are high and outside options are low, with IPV approval being a manifestation of internalized submission. Leveraging a population-level natural experiment created by the mandatory conscription system, the military deployment lottery, and the long-running civil conflict in Turkey as an exogenous influence on husband type, we test various predictions from our theory. We find that women whose husbands served in conflict zones are more approving of IPV, even when they have not experienced any. Further evidence supports the mechanism we propose with important implications for the fight against domestic violence. |
| Keywords: | Domestic Violence, Intimate Partner Violence, Armed Conflict, Gender Norms |
| JEL: | J12 J16 D13 O15 I15 D74 |
| Date: | 2024–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dur:durham:2024_02 |