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on Gender |
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Issue of 2022‒06‒20
six papers chosen by Jan Sauermann Institutet för Arbetsmarknads- och Utbildningspolitisk Utvärdering |
| By: | Preston, Alison (University of Western Australia); Qiu, Lili (University of Western Australia); Wright, Robert E. (University of Glasgow) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses data from the 2015 China Household Financial Survey to analyse the gender gap in financial literacy in China. The sample consists of 36,311 adult respondents. A variety of financial literacy measures are employed. We show that important predictors of financial literacy include age, education and geographic location and that there are strong cohort effects, with younger respondents significantly more financially literate than older respondents. Males, on average, are more financially literate than females. Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis shows that the gender gap in financial literacy, in part, reflects gender differences in schooling that favours males. There are also large and significant urban-rural differences in financial literacy, with the gender gap markedly higher in rural areas. Overall the gender gap in financial literacy is largely unexplained by gender differences in characteristics. Indeed, were females in China to look like males in China (in terms of age and geographic location) the gender gap in financial literacy would be even wider. Policy responses are discussed in the paper. |
| Keywords: | financial literacy, decomposition, gender-gap, urban-rural gap, China |
| JEL: | G53 I22 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15253&r= |
| By: | Noemi Oggero; Francesco Devicienti; Mariacristina Rossi; Davide Vannoni |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we investigate how the intergenerational transmission of entrepreneurship varies between sons and daughters, and whether such a process depends on living in a country characterized by a high gender gap. Using the SHARE dataset, we find that the effect on daughters’ entrepreneurial choices of having an entrepreneur as father is lower than the one on sons only in countries with a high gender gap. Moreover, it is just in countries with high gender inequality that the effect of having an entrepreneurial mother is different between sons and daughters, with the impact being positive for daughters only. We also develop an individual-level indicator of gender gap within countries that corroborates our findings, which we interpret as evidence of the presence of a role modeling mechanism. However, we find evidence of convergence across time of the intergenerational transmission process to the gender-independent transfer typical of more gender equal countries. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship, Gender, Parents, Intergenerational transmission |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cca:wpaper:675&r= |
| By: | Martín-Román, Ángel L.; Moral, Alfonso; Pinillos-Franco, Sara |
| Abstract: | We study the gender gap in the duration of sick leave in Spain by splitting this duration into two types of days - those which are related to biological characteristics and those derived from behavioral reasons. Using the Statistics of Accidents at Work for 2011-2019, we found that women presented longer standard durations (i.e., purely attached to physiological reasons) compared to men. However, when estimating individuals' efficiency as the ratio between actual and standard durations, we found that women were more inefficient at lower levels of income, whereas in case of men, this occurred at higher levels of income. These results were reinforced when considering that men and women do not recover from the same injury at the same rate. Women were more efficient than men across all the compensation distribution, especially at higher income levels. |
| Keywords: | Moral hazard,Glass ceiling,Workplace injuries,Gender,Stochastic frontiers |
| JEL: | I12 I13 I18 J28 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1099&r= |
| By: | Claudia Hupkau; Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela |
| Abstract: | Spain has seen a huge influx of women into the workplace in recent decades, but their experiences of work remain very different from those of men. As Claudia Hupkau and Jenifer Ruiz-Valenzuela explain, there is scope for new family-friendly policies to help to close gender gaps in the labour market and to boost fertility rates. |
| Keywords: | Employment, Wellbeing, gender, gender gap, equality, policy |
| Date: | 2021–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:609&r= |
| By: | Preston, Alison (University of Western Australia); Wright, Robert E. (University of Glasgow) |
| Abstract: | Using micro-data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey this paper examines the relationship between the gender gap in financial literacy and the gender gap in pension savings amongst non-retired adults aged 18-64 in 2018. A simple theoretical model is presented. It implies two empirical specifications: a reduced-form specification where the focus is on pension savings and a more structural specification where the focus is on the "pension return" (the ratio of pension savings to cumulative earnings). Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis suggests that around 8.5 per cent of the gender gap in pension savings may be attributed to the gender gap in financial literacy. This finding holds even in the presence of controls for financial risk tolerance. Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed in the paper. |
| Keywords: | pension savings, superannuation, financial literacy, gender gap, decomposition |
| JEL: | H53 J16 J32 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15250&r= |
| By: | David Huber; Leonie Kühl; Nora Szech |
| Abstract: | Many societies report an increasingly divergent development of managers’ salaries compared to that of their workforce. Moreover, there is often a lack in diversity amongst managerial boards. We investigate the role of managers’ gender and incentive scheme on wages chosen for workers by conducting two experimental studies. The data reveal male managers respond in more self-oriented ways to their incentive scheme. Further, we find that experience with the workers’ task can increase appreciation of workers. Effects are strongest when the managers’ compensation scheme rules out self-orientation. Overall, female managers display more consistency in choosing adequate wages for workers, i.e. their choices are less affected by incentives. An increase in diversity may thus help reducing salary disparities and foster work atmosphere. |
| Keywords: | adequate wages, real work experiment, gender |
| JEL: | D01 J16 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9713&r= |