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on Experimental Economics |
| By: | Melo, Vitor; Sigaud, Liam (Mercury Publication) |
| Abstract: | Abstract not available. |
| Date: | 2024–02–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajw:wpaper:12375 |
| By: | Clerc, Melchior; Gosselin-Pali, Adrien; Wendling, Eliot |
| Abstract: | Elisa Macchi (2023) investigates the impact of obesity on the perceived wealth of individuals using primary data collected in Kampala, Uganda. The study includes two complementary experiments: a beliefs experiment and a credit experiment. In the beliefs experiment, individuals assess the wealth of others based on weight-manipulated portraits, while in the credit experiment, loan officers evaluate creditworthiness using similar portraits. In this paper, we reproduce the author's results using the freely accessible replication package. Additionally, we test the robustness of the findings by (1) proposing different nutritional status categorizations, (2) applying alternative estimation strategies via ordered probit/logit models, (3) using different levels of clustering, and (4) excluding extreme values. Overall, our findings supports the main conclusions of the original paper. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:145 |
| By: | Bigoni, Maria (University of Bologna); Bortolotti, Stefania (University of Bologna); Parisi, Francesco; Zhang, Xin (University of Bologna) |
| Abstract: | Rational parties enter into a contract if the agreement is mutually beneficial. However, after the contract is formed, changes to the costs and/or benefits of performance may render the original contract undesirable. In this paper, we carry out an incentivized experiment to study the effect of alternative remedies on the parties' ability to renegotiate their contractual obligations. After entering into a contract, experimental subjects observe symmetrical changes to the original costs and/or benefits, which create a misalignment of their performance vs. breach incentives. Renegotiation of the original contract would allow parties to realign their interests and to capture some additional surplus. Our experimental design compares the effects of damage and specific performance remedies on the parties' ability to renegotiate. Our results confirm Coase' (1960) irrelevance of remedies proposition, providing novel insights for the choice of contract remedies in the face of possible market shocks. |
| Keywords: | efficient breach, contract remedies, specific performance, damages |
| JEL: | K12 K41 C90 D86 D91 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17220 |
| By: | Erik Brynjolfsson; Avinash Collis; Asad Liaqat; Daley Kutzman; Haritz Garro; Daniel Deisenroth; Nils Wernerfelt |
| Abstract: | Research on the causal effects of online advertising on consumer welfare is limited due to challenges in running large-scale field experiments and tracking effects over extended periods. We analyze a long-running field experiment of online advertising in which a random 0.5% subset of all users are assigned to a group that does not ever see ever ads. We recruit a representative sample of Facebook users in the ads and no-ads groups and estimate their welfare gains from using Facebook using a series of incentive-compatible choice experiments. We find no significant differences in welfare gains from Facebook. Our estimates are relatively precisely estimated reflecting our large sample size (53, 166 participants). Specifically, the minimum detectable difference in median valuations at standard thresholds is $3.18/month compared to a baseline valuation of $31.95/month for giving up access to Facebook. That is, we can reject the hypothesis that the median disutility from advertising exceeds 10% of the median baseline valuation. Our findings suggest that either the disutility of ads for consumers is relatively small, or that there are offsetting benefits, such as helping consumers find products and services of interest. |
| JEL: | D12 D6 K24 M15 M37 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32846 |
| By: | Khadjavi, Menusch; Sipangule, Kacana; Thiele, Rainer |
| Abstract: | We investigate how exposure to large-scale farms affects smallholders’ competitive behavior. Based on lab-in-the-field experimental measures covering more than 900 smallholders and 400 children in Zambia, we find that smallholders who are traditionally dependent on subsistence agriculture behave more competitively when they are located close to large-scale farms. This effect is especially pronounced for female smallholders and closes the gender gap associated with competitiveness. This result replicates for their children. We identify female employment and shifting intra-household tasks as a possible mechanism. Our results provide new insights for understanding how changes in societal arrangements like market integration influence economic behavior. |
| Keywords: | Market integration, Competitive behavior, Large-scale farms, Smallholders, Endogenous preferences, Lab-in-the-field experiment, Zambia |
| JEL: | O12 O13 P11 P14 Q15 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:301882 |
| By: | Grant Miller; Debashish Biswas; Aprajit Mahajan; Kimberly Singer Babiarz; Nina R. Brooks; Jessie Brunner; Sania Ashraf; Jack Shane; Sameer Maithel; Shoeb Ahmed; Moogdho Mahzab; Mohammad Rofi Uddin; Mahbubur Rahman; Stephen P. Luby |
| Abstract: | Globally, coercive labor (i.e., forced, bonded, and/or trafficked labor) and child labor are disproportionately prevalent in environments with weak regulatory enforcement and state capacity. Effective strategies for addressing them may therefore need to align with the private incentives of business owners, not relying on government action alone. Recognizing this, we test a ‘business case’ for improving work conditions and promoting human rights using a randomized controlled trial across nearly 300 brick kilns in Bangladesh. Among study kilns, rates of coercive and child labor are high: about 50% of sampled workers are trafficked, and about 70% of kilns use child labor. Our experiment introduced a production method that increased kiln productivity and revenue, and we test if these productivity gains in turn increase worker “compensation” (including better work conditions). Because adoption of the method requires important changes in worker routines, we also test if providing information to kiln owners about positively incentivizing workers to enhance adoption (and hence business revenue) can lead to better work conditions. We find no evidence that productivity gains alone reduced labor trafficking or child labor, but adding the information intervention reduced child labor by 25-30% without reducing revenue or increasing costs. |
| JEL: | J28 J39 J46 J49 J59 J81 J83 O17 O53 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32829 |
| By: | Sim, Armand (Monash University); Gultom, Sarah (Monash University); Widita, Alyas (Monash University); Lee, Wang-Sheng (Monash University); Khalil, Umair (Deakin University) |
| Abstract: | Promoting awareness and encouraging pro-sustainability behaviors to mitigate climate and environmental issues can be challenging due to their polarizing nature. We conduct a large-scale online experiment in Jakarta, the world's fastest sinking city, to examine the impact of messenger identity and narrative style on awareness and behavior regarding land subsidence, a human-induced climate change phenomenon. We vary the messenger identity (an actor portraying either a religious leader or a scientist) and the narrative style of the message (religious vs. scientific). Our results show that exposure to an environmental video message, as opposed to a placebo, increases beliefs, trust in institutions, and pro-sustainability behaviors. The largest impacts arise when a scientist delivers a message embedded with a religious narrative. The effects are more pronounced among individuals with low prior knowledge, high trust in authorities, and those less reliant on groundwater. However, we find limited evidence of heterogeneous treatment effects on actions. Our findings highlight the importance of carefully considering both the message and the messenger in communication strategies in a diverse population. |
| Keywords: | land subsidence, environmental awareness, religion, science, Indonesia |
| JEL: | Q54 Q58 Z12 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17184 |
| By: | Nina R. Brooks; Debashish Biswas; Sameer Maithel; Grant Miller; Aprajit Mahajan; M. Rofi Uddin; Shoeb Ahmed; Moogdho Mahzab; Mahbubur Rahman; Stephen P. Luby |
| Abstract: | We present results from a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh that introduced operational practices to improve energy efficiency and reduce emissions in 276 “zigzag” brick kilns. 65% of intervention kilns adopted the improved practices. Treatment assignment reduced energy use by 10.3% (p-value |
| JEL: | D22 L6 O1 O14 Q56 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32794 |
| By: | Ke Sun; Linglong Kong; Hongtu Zhu; Chengchun Shi |
| Abstract: | Time series experiments, in which experimental units receive a sequence of treatments over time, are frequently employed in many technological companies to evaluate the performance of a newly developed policy, product, or treatment relative to a baseline control. Many existing A/B testing solutions assume a fully observable experimental environment that satisfies the Markov condition, which often does not hold in practice. This paper studies the optimal design for A/B testing in partially observable environments. We introduce a controlled (vector) autoregressive moving average model to capture partial observability. We introduce a small signal asymptotic framework to simplify the analysis of asymptotic mean squared errors of average treatment effect estimators under various designs. We develop two algorithms to estimate the optimal design: one utilizing constrained optimization and the other employing reinforcement learning. We demonstrate the superior performance of our designs using a dispatch simulator and two real datasets from a ride-sharing company. |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2408.05342 |
| By: | Masselus, Lise; Petrik, Christina; Ankel-Peters, Jörg |
| Abstract: | While results from individual Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) often do not hold beyond their setting, the accumulation of many RCTs can be used to guide policy. But how many studies are required to confidently generalize? Our paper examines construct validity, an often neglected yet important element affecting generalizability. Construct validity deals with how the operationalization of a treatment corresponds to the broader construct it intends to speak to. The universe of potential operationalizations is referred to as the design space. As an empirical example, we review 45 microfinance RCTs to estimate the size of the design space and to underpin that variations in the treatment operationalization matter for the observed effects. We also show that most papers nevertheless generalize from the operationalized treatment to a broad construct, mostly without acknowledging underlying assumptions, and many lack a transparent reporting of construct validity-relevant features. |
| Date: | 2024–08–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:nwp8k |
| By: | Anne Brockmeyer; Francisco Garfias; Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato |
| Abstract: | Can the provision of public goods strengthen the fiscal capacity of governments in developing countries and move them toward an equilibrium of widespread tax compliance? We present evidence of the impact of local public infrastructure on tax compliance, leveraging a large public investment experiment and individual property tax records from Mexico City. Despite the salience and large effects of these investments on access to infrastructure, property values, and local economic development, we find no changes in property tax compliance and can rule out even small increases. These null effects persist even when taxpayers are reminded about the tax-benefit link. |
| JEL: | H41 H71 O23 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32776 |
| By: | John A. List; Ioannis C. Pragidis; Michael K. Price |
| Abstract: | Prosumers are becoming increasingly important in global energy consumption and production. We partner with an energy service provider in Sweden to explore the economics facing such agents by conducting a natural field experiment over a 32-month period. As a policy instrument, we explore how simple nudges affect choices on both the consumption and production sides. Importantly, with the added flexibility to influence both sides of the market, and with a rich data set that permits an analysis of intraday, intraweek, and seasonal variation, we can detail effects on overall conservation efforts, intertemporal substitution, load shifting, and net purchases from the grid. The overarching theme is that nudges have the potential to have an even greater impact on the energy market with prosumers compared to their portmanteau components. |
| JEL: | C93 D9 Q4 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32837 |
| By: | Brailey, Thomas; Kelly, Edmund |
| Abstract: | Tappin, Berinsky, and Rand (2023) find that the effectiveness of persuasive messaging is not diminished by countervailing in-party leader cues, using a survey experiment fielded in the United States. In this robustness reproduction, we briefly summarize the original design and results before blindly reproducing the main results and conducting several additional robustness checks. We find that the original results are reproducible and robust to several additional checks. In so doing we contribute to the collaborative effort between the Institute for Replication (I4R) and Nature Human Behaviour to replicate recent findings published in the latter, and more broadly to advancing replication in political science. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:147 |
| By: | Yi Cui; D\'esir\'e K\'edagni; Huan Wu |
| Abstract: | This paper considers a robust identification of causal parameters in a randomized experiment setting with noncompliance where the standard local average treatment effect assumptions could be violated. Following Li, K\'edagni, and Mourifi\'e (2024), we propose a misspecification robust bound for a real-valued vector of various causal parameters. We discuss identification under two sets of weaker assumptions: random assignment and exclusion restriction (without monotonicity), and random assignment and monotonicity (without exclusion restriction). We introduce two causal parameters: the local average treatment-controlled direct effect (LATCDE), and the local average instrument-controlled direct effect (LAICDE). Under the random assignment and monotonicity assumptions, we derive sharp bounds on the local average treatment-controlled direct effects for the always-takers and never-takers, respectively, and the total average controlled direct effect for the compliers. Additionally, we show that the intent-to-treat effect can be expressed as a convex weighted average of these three effects. Finally, we apply our method on the proximity to college instrument and find that growing up near a four-year college increases the wage of never-takers (who represent more than 70% of the population) by a range of 4.15% to 27.07%. |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2408.03530 |
| By: | Malani, Anup (University of Chicago); Kinnan, Cynthia (NBER); Conti, Gabriella (University College London); Imai, Kosuke (Harvard University); Miller, Morgen (University of Chicago); Swaminathan, Shailender (Brown University); Voena, Alessandra (Stanford University); Woda, Bartek (Amazon) |
| Abstract: | Universal health coverage is a widely shared goal across lower-income countries. We conducted a large-scale, 4-year trial that randomized premiums and subsidies for India's first national, public hospital insurance program, called RSBY. We find substantial demand (~ 60% uptake) even when consumers were charged a price equal to the premium the government paid for insurance. We also find substantial adverse selection into insurance at positive prices. Insurance enrollment increases insurance utilization, partly due to spillovers from use of insurance by neighbors. However, healthcare utilization does not rise substantially, suggesting the primary benefit of insurance is financial. Many enrollees attempted to use insurance but failed, suggesting that learning is critical to the success of public insurance. We find very few statistically significant impacts of insurance access or enrollment on health. Because there is substantial willingness-to-pay for insurance, and given how distortionary it is to raise revenue in the Indian context, we calculate that our sample population should be charged a premium for RSBY between 67-95% of average costs (INR 528-1052, $30-60) rather than a zero premium to maximize the marginal value of public funds. |
| Keywords: | health insurance, adverse selection, spillovers, marginal value of public funds |
| JEL: | D1 I13 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17185 |
| By: | Heidland, Tobias; Wichardt, Philipp C |
| Abstract: | This paper connects insights from the literature on cosmopolitan worldviews and the effects of perspective-taking in political science, (intergroup) anxiety in social psychology, and identity economics in a vignette-style experiment. In particular, we asked German respondents about their attitudes towards a Syrian refugee, randomizing components of his description (N = 662). The main treatment describes the refugee as being aware of and empathetic towards potential worries in the German population about cultural change, costs, and violence associated with refugee inflows. This perspective-taking by the refugee increases the reported ability to empathize with the refugee and, especially for risk-averse people, reported sympathy and trust. We argue that acknowledging the potential concerns of the host population relieves the tension between an anxious and a cosmopolitan/open part of people’s identities. Moreover, relieved tension renders people less defensive; i.e. when one aspect of identity is already acknowledged (expressing anxieties), it has less influence on actual behavior (expressing sympathy). In addition, previous contact with foreigners and a higher willingness to take risks are important factors in determining an individual’s willingness to interact with refugees. |
| Keywords: | intergroup contact, intergroup anxiety, perspective-taking, identity, migration, inte-gration, refugees |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:301392 |
| By: | Ferreira, João R. (Nova School of Business and Economics); Ramoglou, Stratos (University of Southampton); Savva, Foivos (University of Southampton); Vlassopoulos, Michael (University of Southampton) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates preferences for limiting top incomes and wealth through a survey-based experiment with a large sample of participants (N = 3, 954) from the US and Germany. Using a revealed preferences approach, we find that a significant majority (around 85%) of participants support income limits (have limitarian preferences). Importantly, we also find that a large share of these participants are driven by inequality aversion (weak limitarians), while a significant proportion of participants (around 30%) support limits irrespective of inequality (strong limitarians). Preferences for wealth caps are more polarized than for income caps, with higher shares of strong limitarians and those who oppose limits (non-limitarians). Notably, our participant classification predicts "real-world" voting behavior in a petition that required effort to sign. In terms of underlying motivations, strong limitarians exhibit less concern about the negative impacts of limits on economic efficiency, are less inclined to attribute top incomes and wealth to merit, are more supportive of government redistribution, and are more concerned about the effects of wealth concentration on corruption and the environment. These findings have important implications for economic theories of social preferences and can inform policy discussions around CEO compensation and wealth taxation. |
| Keywords: | limitarian preferences, limitarianism, CEO compensation, income cap, wealth cap, wealth taxation |
| JEL: | D3 D6 D9 H2 M12 |
| Date: | 2024–07 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17171 |
| By: | Marianne Simonsen; Lars Skipper |
| Abstract: | We employ a large social experiment combined with register-based data allowing for up to 12-year follow-up to evaluate a long-lasting employer-sponsored health and well-being program. We show that employees at treated worksites receive fewer consultations from their primary care physician and purchase fewer prescription drugs. These effects persist up to seven years after randomization, though with some fade-out. We find no effects on overall hospitalizations, neither in the short or longer run, and the program was not successful in improving labor-related outcomes such as absence and turnover. Finally, we show some evidence of spillovers within the family. |
| Keywords: | worksite health program, health outcomes, labor outcomes, social experiment |
| JEL: | I12 I18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11209 |
| By: | April Burrage; Nilanjana Dasgupta; Ina Ganguli |
| Abstract: | This study examines gender differences in the social impact and commercial motives for academic entrepreneurship using the National Science Foundation's Innovation Corps (NSF I-Corps) program. I-Corps provides experiential entrepreneurship training to faculty and graduate student researchers at local I-Corps university sites and through a nationwide program. Since the inception of I-Corps, only 20% of participants have been women. We first use survey data from one I-Corps university site to show that women participants had higher social entrepreneurial intentions compared to commercial entrepreneurial intentions, and these social entrepreneurial intentions were higher than men’s. We then extend and generalize this finding by analyzing 1, 267 publicly available project summaries from the National I-Corps Program from 2012-2019. We find that women PIs’ I-Corps project proposals emphasized social impact significantly more than men PIs, while projects for all PIs emphasized commercial impact to a similar degree. We next ran a field experiment to estimate the causal impact of social impact vs. commercial motives by experimentally manipulating the recruitment email messages inviting researchers to participate in the I-Corps training program. We find that women were more likely to show interest in a social impact version of a message compared to a commercial version, while men showed equal interest in both types of messages. Taken together, our results indicate that women are more interested in pursuing commercialization and entrepreneurship activities when they are tackling societal problems. They suggest that low-cost interventions that emphasize the social impact value of entrepreneurial opportunities may increase gender diversity in entrepreneurship activities. |
| JEL: | J16 L26 O31 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32885 |
| By: | Keppeler, Florian; Borchert, Jana; Pedersen, Mogens Jin; Nielsen, Vibeke Lehmann |
| Abstract: | Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications are transforming public sector decision-making. However, most research conceptualizes AI as a form of specialized algorithmic decision support tool. In contrast, this study introduces the concept of human-AI ensembles, where humans and AI tackle the same tasks together, rather than specializing in certain parts. We argue that this is particularly relevant for many public sector decisions, where neither human nor AI-based decision-making has a clear advantage over the other in terms of legitimacy, efficacy, or legality. We illustrate this design theory within access to public employment, focusing on two key areas: (a) the potential of ensembling human and AI to reduce biases and (b) the inclinations of public managers to use AI advice. Study 1 presents evidence from the assessment of real-life job candidates (n = 2, 000) at the intersection of gender and ethnicity by public managers compared to AI. The results indicate that ensembled decision- making may alleviate ethnic biases. Study 2 examines how receptive public managers are to AI advice. Results from a pre-registered survey experiment involving managers (n = 538 with 4 observations each) show that decision-makers, when reminded of the unlawfulness of hiring discrimination, prioritize AI advice over human advice. |
| Date: | 2024–08–21 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2yf6r |
| By: | Shuo Zhang; Peter J. Kuhn |
| Abstract: | We audit the job recommender algorithms used by four Chinese job boards by creating fictitious applicant profiles that differ only in their gender. Jobs recommended uniquely to the male and female profiles in a pair differ modestly in their observed characteristics, with female jobs advertising lower wages, requesting less experience, and coming from smaller firms. Much larger differences are observed in these ads’ language, however, with women’s jobs containing 0.58 standard deviations more stereotypically female content than men’s. Using our experimental design, we can conclude that these gender gaps are generated primarily by content-based matching algorithms that use the worker’s declared gender as a direct input. Action-based processes like item-based collaborative filtering and recruiters’ reactions to workers’ resumes contribute little to these gaps. |
| JEL: | C99 J16 J71 M50 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32889 |
| By: | Rustam Romaniuc (Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School); Andrea Guido (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pierre Baudry (UB - Université de Bourgogne); Cécile Bazart (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Loïc Berger (IÉSEG School Of Management [Puteaux], EIEE - European Institute on Economics and the Environment, CMCC - Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici [Bologna], LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Noémi Berlin (EconomiX - EconomiX - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Aurélie Bonein (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Imen Bouhlel (UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur, GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Kene Boun My (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Michela Chessa (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Paolo Crosetto (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Etienne Dagorn (INED - Institut national d'études démographiques); Quentin David (Université de Lille); Etienne Farvaque (Université de Lille); Agnès Festré (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur); Abel François (LEM - Lille économie management - UMR 9221 - UA - Université d'Artois - UCL - Université catholique de Lille - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Lisette Ibanez (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Herrade Igers- Heim (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nicolas Jacquemet (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Isabelle Lebon (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Mathieu Lefebvre (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Olivier l'Haridon (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Danlin Li; Youenn Loheac (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ESC [Rennes] - ESC Rennes School of Business); Stéphane Luchini (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Laurent Muller (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Matthieu Pourieux (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Roussel (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - FRE2010 - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier); Petros Sekeris (TBS - Toulouse Business School); Maïté Stephan (UR - Université de Rennes); Eli Spiegelman (CEREN - Centre de Recherche sur l'ENtreprise [Dijon] - BSB - Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC)); Angela Sutan (BSB - Burgundy School of Business (BSB) - Ecole Supérieure de Commerce de Dijon Bourgogne (ESC)); Uyanga Turmunkh (IÉSEG School Of Management [Puteaux]); Laurence Vardaxoglou (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marc Willinger (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Dimitri Dubois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | There is a significant gap in turnout between young people and older voters. The failure to instill a voting habit at an early age may have long term consequences in terms of future political participation as well as on other civic behaviors. Using a pre-registered online experiment with 3, 790 subjects, we implemented behavioral interventions aiming to stimulate youth turnout in the 2022 French presidential election. We also provide evidence on the effect of one behavioral intervention on youth turnout in a less salient election, the French legislative election that took place two months after the Presidential one. The results from the two experiments show the absence of any differences in turnout between the baseline and the treatment conditions. We investigate several mechanisms that can explain our results. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-04677596 |
| By: | Kappes, Heather Barry; Campbell, Rebecca; Ivchenko, Andriy |
| Abstract: | Consumer research typically examines discrete financial decisions. These measures are uninformative about behavior over time, like consumption smoothing, the extent to which people spend consistently across periods of high and low income. We developed a multiround game to study consumption smoothing and tested hypotheses about initial resource scarcity and the predictability of income. The game was played by museum visitors across a wide age range (6–80+, N=2, 104) and by online participants (N=1, 294) in a preregistered partial replication. Participants spent their money in the game more smoothly over the multiple rounds when they had abundant rather than scarce initial resources, and this was particularly true when they received income on a predictable schedule. When income was unpredictable, initial scarcity did not hurt performance. We discuss implications for theorizing about the effects of scarcity. |
| Keywords: | consumption smoothing; scarcity; spending; consumption; gamification; Knowledge Exchange and Impact fund |
| JEL: | J50 |
| Date: | 2023–10–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:119423 |
| By: | Machteld Hoskens; Koenraad Debackere |
| Abstract: | Given the importance of innovation for economic growth, many countries conduct innovation surveys. International guidelines for such measurement have been established (OECD/Eurostat, 2018). The European Commission has made the measurement of innovation mandatory for EU member states. Many differences remain, however, between countries in the practical implementation of measuring innovation at the firm level, which complicates cross-country comparability. We conducted a randomized experiment in which we randomly assigned enterprises a long or a short form for measuring their innovation activities. We found clear differences between the two types of forms. We discuss implications of this work and put this in the broader perspective of other work done investigating questionnaire design issues in innovation surveys. |
| Keywords: | questionnaire design, innovation survey, randomized experiment, questionnaire length, shortened survey form, nonresponse survey |
| Date: | 2024–08–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:msiper:747238 |
| By: | Machteld Hoskens; Koenraad Debackere |
| Abstract: | Given the importance of innovation for economic growth, many countries conduct innovation surveys. International guidelines for such measurement have been established (OECD/Eurostat, 2018). The European Commission has made the measurement of innovation mandatory for EU member states. Many differences remain, however, between countries in the practical implementation of measuring innovation at the firm level, which complicates cross-country comparability. We conducted a randomized experiment in which we randomly assigned enterprises a long or a short form for measuring their innovation activities. We found clear differences between the two types of forms. We discuss implications of this work and put this in the broader perspective of other work done investigating questionnaire design issues in innovation surveys. |
| Keywords: | questionnaire design, innovation survey, randomized experiment, questionnaire length, shortened survey form, nonresponse survey |
| Date: | 2024–08–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:ecoomp:747238 |
| By: | Brailey, Thomas; Kelly, Edmund; Odermatt, Angela; Ward, Albert |
| Abstract: | Kao et al. (2024) use phone-based survey experiments in Jordan, Tunisia and Morocco to test whether established theories about the effect of descriptive representation on perceived democratic legitimacy hold in the Middle East. They find that the presence of women in deliberative bodies legitimizes decision-making even in more socially conservative, less democratic societies. We blindly reproduced their study, and then extend their analysis with five additional robustness checks. We find that their analysis is reproducible and robust in several ways, although there were ambiguities in the original text which prolonged this process. Finally, we also extended their analysis by using iterative machine learning models to study heterogeneous treatment effects. We find that marital status as well as pre-treatment attitudes on related issues affect the response to the treatment. |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:146 |
| By: | Megan R. Bailey; David P. Brown; Erica Myers; Blake C. Shaffer; Frank A. Wolak |
| Abstract: | The growth of electric vehicles (EVs) raises new challenges for electricity systems. We implement a field experiment to assess the effect of time-of-use (TOU) pricing and managed charging on EV charging behavior. We find that while TOU pricing is effective at shifting EV charging into off-peak hours, it unintentionally induces new and larger “shadow peaks” of simultaneous charging. These shadow peaks lead to greater exceedance of local capacity constraints and advance the need for distribution network upgrades. In contrast, centrally managed charging solves the coordination problem, reducing transformer capacity requirements, and is well-tolerated by consumers in our setting. |
| JEL: | L94 Q41 R40 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32886 |
| By: | Hana Krakovsk\'a; Rudolf Hanel; Mark Broom |
| Abstract: | The Ultimatum Game is conventionally formulated in the context of two players. Nonetheless, real-life scenarios often entail community interactions among numerous individuals. To address this, we introduce an extended version of the Ultimatum Game, called the Multi-Proposer-Multi-Responder Ultimatum Game. In this model, multiple responders and proposers simultaneously interact in a one-shot game, introducing competition both within proposers and within responders. We derive subgame-perfect Nash equilibria for all scenarios and explore how these non-trivial values might provide insight into proposal and rejection behavior experimentally observed in the context of one vs. one Ultimatum Game scenarios. Additionally, by considering the asymptotic numbers of players, we propose two potential estimates for a "fair" threshold: either 31.8% or 36.8% of the pie (share) for the responder. |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2408.02410 |
| By: | Moritz Janas; Nikos Nikiforakis; Simon Siegenthaler |
| Abstract: | Threshold models have been widely used to analyze interdependent behavior, yet empirical research identifying people’s thresholds is nonexistent. We introduce an incentivized method for eliciting thresholds and use it to study support for affirmative action in a large, stratified sample of the U.S. population. Most Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White men and women condition their support for affirmative action on the number of others supporting it. In line with preregistered hypotheses, thresholds are influenced by one’s perceived benefits and pressure to conform. We demonstrate how our method can offer unique insights for policy design and enhance understanding of social dynamics. |
| JEL: | C83 C90 D63 D70 |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32847 |
| By: | Diarmaid Ó Ceallaigh (Economic and Social Research Institute, Dublin); Kirsten I.M. Rohde (Erasmus University Rotterdam and Maastricht University); Hans van Kippersluis (Erasmus University Rotterdam) |
| Abstract: | Anecdotally, physical activity appears to be a textbook example of time in- consistency, which is the failure to follow through on ex-ante preferences and plans. Interestingly, our longitudinal survey finds that, over a fort- night, exercising more than preferred/planned is actually more prevalent than exercising less. However, over time a majority of our sample exercise less than preferred/planned in at least one of two consecutive fortnights. We find little evidence that time inconsistency is associated with present bias, its most popular explanation in economics. We find instead that it is associated with time-varying affective psychological processes such as willpower and temptations. |
| JEL: | C21 D91 I12 |
| Date: | 2024–04–25 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240028 |