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on Microeconomic European Issues |
| By: | Kapelle, Nicole (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin); Frémeaux, Nicolas; Lersch, Philipp M. (Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin); Leturcq, Marion |
| Abstract: | This study examines the association between cohabitation and personal wealth of women and men, closely considering the distinct legal and cultural contexts of cohabitation in France and Eastern and Western Germany. Using high-quality longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002-2017) and the French wealth survey Histoire de Vie et Patrimoine (2014/15-2020/21), we apply fixed-effects regression models to examine potential wealth advantages associated with cohabitation entry in different legal and cultural contexts. We find that cohabitation is positively associated with women’s and men’s wealth across the contexts. Evidence for premiums is overall more substantial for women than for men. For France, we find that entering a Pacs (i.e., registered cohabitation) is associated with an additional premium beyond the (unregistered) cohabitation premium. Overall, our results suggest that the legal treatment of unmarried cohabitation is more consequential for wealth accumulation than the cultural context. |
| Date: | 2024–02–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:uz74e&r=eur |
| By: | Fumarco, Luca; Longley, Neil; Palermo, Alberto; Rossi, Giambattista |
| Abstract: | We follow workers' performance along an unbalanced panel dataset over multiple years and study how performance varies at the end of fixed-term contracts, in a labour market where some people face a mobility restricting clause (i.e., a noncompete clause). Focusing on the labour market of the National Hockey League, we analyse players' performance data and contracts with a fixed effect estimator to address empirical limitations in previous studies. We find that, on average, NHL players' performance does not vary. However, our estimations detect substantially heterogeneous behaviours, depending on tenure, perceived expected performance, and mobility. Only younger players (i.e., restricted free-agents) with high expected mobility but low expected performance tend to behave strategically and perform better. Differently, older players (i.e., unrestricted free-agents) with high expected mobility tend to underperform, as the option of moving back to European tournaments is more appealing. |
| Keywords: | strategic behaviour, mobility, noncompete clauses |
| JEL: | D82 J24 J33 M52 Z22 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1401&r=eur |
| By: | David H. Kreitmeir (Department of Economics and SoDa Labs, Monash University); Paul A. Raschky (Department of Economics and SoDa Labs, Monash University) |
| Abstract: | We analyse the individual productivity effects of Italy's ban on ChatGPT, a generative pretrained transformer chatbot. We compile data on the daily coding output quantity and quality of over 36, 000 GitHub users in Italy and other European countries and combine these data with the sudden announcement of the ban in a difference-in-differences framework. Among the affected users in Italy, we find a short-term increase in output quantity and quality for less experienced users and a decrease in productivity on more routine tasks for experienced users. |
| Keywords: | artificial intelligence, productivity |
| JEL: | D8 J24 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajr:sodwps:2024-01&r=eur |
| By: | Mitra, Alessio; Niakaros, Konstantinos |
| Abstract: | This paper evaluates the causal impact of the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation on financial firm-level outcomes using a Difference-in-Differences (DiD) approach. We use administrative data from CORDA and financial data from ORBIS spanning from 2010 to 2022, for a sample of approximately 40 thousand unique private companies that applied for Horizon 2020 funding. The findings suggest that firms receiving Horizon 2020 grants exhibit an average increase of 20% in employment and about 30% in total assets and revenues, compared to comparable companies in the control group, in the years after receiving their first grant. Positive effects persist even after 2.5 years, which is the average duration of a project in our sample. Companies in the “Information and communication” and “Professional, scientific and technical activities” NACE sectors are driving the results, while other sectors show insignificant effects. |
| Keywords: | Horizon 2020, Difference-in-Differences, European Union, Innovation policy |
| JEL: | G38 L52 O38 D22 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:283906&r=eur |
| By: | Hancke, Robert; Mathei, Laurenz |
| Abstract: | This article examines the responses and strategies developed by business, unions, and governments to the electric turn in the industry in Germany and France, Europe’s main car-producing countries. We concentrate on the role of history and institutions in the determination of adjustment paths. Since institutions reflect specific histories, the electric transition in the industry can take on different forms in different countries. In both countries, governments play a supportive role, leading in France, and following in Germany. The strong works councils in German car companies are reluctant to engage in a rapid transition that would devalue the assets of the workforce and endanger past investments in internal combustion-related technology. Trade unions, in contrast, who organise the workforce in the wider industry, are in favour of a faster transition as it will secure future employment. The French EV industry, in contrast, is now a booming sector, after several decades of deep restructuring with massive employment losses. Its key short-term problem is to train enough workers to staff the rapidly expanding car battery industry. Lacking a deeply rooted training system like the German one, the industry has a relatively free hand in selecting and preparing its future workforce. |
| Keywords: | T&F deal |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2024–02–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:122000&r=eur |
| By: | Frege, Carola (London School of Economics and Political Science) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the status of population data infrastructure with regard to Germany’s ability to address social inequalities in the labour market compared to the UK. I argue that data availability, though not sufficient, is a necessary condition for policy effectiveness, in particular in the area of social inequality. I find evidence that the collection and analysis of population data in Germany with regard to the protected categories, such as gender and ethnic minorities, is frequently insufficient and reveals a deeper, structural problem of German data sciences reflecting an uneasy relationship between scientific knowledge production and the German public discourse and its political class. Possible explanations might be a legacy of ethical and privacy concerns, a longstanding public policy focus on collectivism rather than individual rights, and a preference ofor hermeneutics and qualitative rather than quantitative social sciences. |
| Date: | 2024–02–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:e9s8z&r=eur |
| By: | Mitra, Alessio; Di Girolamo, Valentina; Canton, Erik |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the firm-level drivers of product, process, organisation and marketing innovation in the EU with panel data from 2009 to 2021. Employing conditional logit and linear probability models we investigate how firms’ characteristics, firms’ sources of financing, and firm perception of different challenges influence their likelihood to innovate. In line with the academic literature, we find that firms’ size and profit level improve firms’ innovation performance, while firms’ age decreases it. We also observe that the effectiveness of different financing instruments varies considerably depending on whether the company is pursuing product, process, organisation or marketing innovation. Finally, innovative firms more frequently report access to finance and regulations as important challenges for their future, while the relevance of other challenges (e.g. the availability of skilled staff or finding customers) varies depending on what type of innovation activities companies are engaged in. |
| Keywords: | Access to finance, Financing instruments, Innovation challenges, Firm innovation |
| JEL: | G20 G23 O30 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:283909&r=eur |
| By: | George Halkos; Phoebe Koundouri; Panagiotis Stavros Aslanidis; Angelos Plataniotis |
| Abstract: | Sustainable development incorporates the sustainable pathway of each civilization. However, cultural heritage assets can be heavily impacted by pollution, such as acid rain and climate change. The present study evaluates cultural heritage assets via a meta-regression analysis function transfer, in which we examined 106 studies, mainly from different countries, in the period 1995 - 2022. This methodology enables the valuation of cultural heritage - tangible and intangible - goods and services, as well as cultural values (e.g. aesthetic, spiritual, symbolic, etc.).The utilization of willingness-to-pay (WTP) would enable us to compare the two models (i.e., European and non-European) on how much a citizen would value cultural heritage based on non-market valuation.The results would inform policymakers about the importance of cultural heritage assets inthe sustainable development agenda. The results present that the WTP for the two examined models for Europe and non-European is 37.6�, and 60.12� respectively.Europeans are influenced mainly by intangible cultural assets, whereas non-Europeans are influenced by oral tradition. Overall, cultural heritage conservation necessitates for proper economic valuation through a holistic approach, in short - the valuation of intangible cultural heritage is imperative for sustainable development in an era of multi-crisis. |
| Keywords: | Willingnesstopay, Tangible cultural heritage, Intangible cultural heritage, Meta-regression analysis, Benefit transfer, Value transfer |
| JEL: | Z1 Z18 C5 Q53 Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–02–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2407&r=eur |
| By: | Roberto Colarieti; Pierfrancesco Mei; Stefanie Stantcheva |
| Abstract: | This paper studies how and why households adjust their spending, saving, and borrowing in response to transitory income shocks. We leverage new large-scale survey data to first quantitatively assess households’ intertemporal marginal propensities to consume (MPCs) and deleverage (MPDs) (the “how”), and second to dive into the motivations and decision-making processes across households (the “why”). The combination of the quantitative estimation of household response dynamics with a qualitative exploration of the mental models employed during financial decisions provides a more complete view of household behavior. Our findings are as follows: First, we validate the reliability of surveys in predicting actual economic behaviors using a new approach called cross-validation, which compares the responses to hypothetical financial scenarios with observed actions from past studies. Participants’ predicted reactions closely align with real-life behaviors. Second, we show that MPCs are significantly higher immediately following an income shock and diminish over time, with cumulative MPCs over a year showing significant variability. However, MPDs play a critical role in household financial adjustments and display significantly more cross-sectional heterogeneity. Neither is easily explained by socioeconomic or financial characteristics alone, and the explanatory power is improved by adding psychological factors, past experiences, and expectations. Third, using specifically-designed survey questions, we find that there is a broad range of motivations behind households’ financial decisions and identify four household types using machine learning: Strongly Constrained, Precautionary, Quasi-Smoothers, and Spenders. Similar financial actions stem from diverse reasons, challenging the predictability of financial behavior solely based on socioeconomic and financial characteristics. Finally, we use our findings to address some puzzles in household finance. |
| JEL: | D12 D15 E21 H31 |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:32191&r=eur |
| By: | Andrea Neri (Bank of Italy); Matteo Spuri (Bank of Italy); Francesco Vercelli (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | Several studies have combined survey data with macroeconomic aggregates from the national accounts to produce more reliable and timely statistics on the distribution of household income and wealth. This paper builds on the methodology developed by the ECB Expert Group on Distributional Financial Accounts, and proposes a novel approach for Italy to align survey-based estimates for total deposits with the corresponding macroeconomic figures, by using administrative records that are linked to the Survey on Household Income and Wealth and the aggregate information stemming from supervisory reporting data. The proposed method results in a slight decrease in the inequality of deposit distribution compared with survey data, and generally ensures a closer match with the aggregates from supervisory reporting data compared with the ESCB’s approach. |
| Keywords: | micro-macro linkage, deposits distribution, wealth distribution |
| JEL: | D14 D31 G51 |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_802_23&r=eur |
| By: | Xiwen Bai; Jesús Fernández-Villaverde; Yiliang Li; Francesco Zanetti |
| Abstract: | We study the causal effects and policy implications of global supply chain disruptions. We construct a new index of supply chain disruptions from the mandatory automatic identification system data of container ships, developing a novel spatial clustering algorithm that determines real-time congestion from the position, speed, and heading of container ships in major ports around the globe. We develop a model with search frictions between producers and retailers that links spare productive capacity with congestion in the goods market and the responses of output and prices to supply chain shocks. The co-movements of output, prices, and spare capacity yield unique identifying restrictions for supply chain disturbances that allow us to study the causal effects of such disruptions. We document how supply chain shocks drove inflation during 2021 but that, in 2022, traditional demand and supply shocks also played an important role in explaining inflation. Finally, we show how monetary policy is more effective in taming inflation after a global supply chain shock than in regular circumstances. |
| Keywords: | supply chain disruptions, search-and-matching in the goods market, SVAR, state-dependence of monetary policy |
| JEL: | E32 E58 J64 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10930&r=eur |
| By: | Lalinsky, Tibor; Anyfantaki, Sofia; Benkovskis, Konstantins; Bergeaud, Antonin; Bun, Maurice; Bunel, Simon; Colciago, Andrea; De Mulder, Jan; Lopez, Beatriz Gonzalez; Jarvis, Valerie; Krasnopjorovs, Olegs; Lebastard, Laura; Lopez-Garcia, Paloma; Martins, Fernando; Meinen, Philipp; Meriküll, Jaanika; Parker, Miles; Serafini, Roberta; Szörfi, Béla; Vanhala, Juuso; Volk, Matjaz; Anastasatou, Marianthi; Fantino, Davide; Havel, Jiri; Khametshin, Dmitry; Kolaiti, Tetie; Raos, Josip; Šelebaj, Domagoj; Vaňko, Milan |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the short-term and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for productivity in Europe. Aggregate and sectoral evidence is complemented by firm-level data-based findings obtained from a large micro-distributed exercise. Productivity trends during the COVID-19 pandemic differed from past trends. Labour productivity per hour worked temporarily increased, while productivity per employee declined across sectors given the widespread use of job retention schemes. The extensive margin of productivity growth was muted to some degree by the policy support granted to firms. Firm entries declined while firm exits increased much less than during previous crises. The pandemic had a significant impact on the intensive margin of productivity growth and led to a temporary drop in within-firm productivity per employee and increased reallocation. Job reallocation was productivity-enhancing but subdued compared to the Great Recession. As confirmed by a granular data analysis of the distribution of employment subsidies and loan guarantees and moratoria, job reallocation and also debt distribution and“zombie firm” prevalence were not significantly affected by the COVID-19 policy support. The pandemic and related lockdowns accelerated changes in consumer preferences and working habits with potential long-term effects. Generous government support muted the surge in unemployment and reduced permanent scarring effects. JEL Classification: D22, H25, J38, O47 |
| Keywords: | adjustment of firms, COVID-19, cross-country analysis, Europe, government support, labour productivity, micro-distributed exercise, productivity-enhancing reallocation |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2024341&r=eur |
| By: | Rosenbusch, Christoph; Tarazona, Mareike; Lämmlein, Barbara; Gardent, Claire; Berekbulova, Ainur; Stevens, Robin |
| Abstract: | European policy makers encourage close interorganizational collaboration of universities across national systems. The study at hand analyzes this development from the organizational level of specific Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and their international network. Using a case study approach, we investigated the development and governance of the U!REKA-Network, a group of European Universities of Applied Sciences, founded in 2016. Compared to other organizational networks, university-networks have specific characteristics with regard to their goals (high importance of prestige and normative goals) as well as to internal management (loose coupling) of the participating institutions. Establishing comprehensive and sustainable collaboration is a challenging task that requires a functioning interplay between university management, academic heartland and support structures. Attractive opportunity structures for academics and students as well as an integrated and persuasive communication is needed to foster network participation on a broader scale. Mutual trust is very important for network engagement as well as its sustainability and the study offers some useful insights on this topic. Concerning the appropriateness of different governance modes, the empirical results furthermore indicate that there is a certain need for central administrative structures on the network level in international university networks. |
| Abstract: | Die europäischen Entscheidungsträger fördern eine enge interorganisatorische Zusammenarbeit von Hochschulen über nationale Systeme hinweg. In der vorliegenden Studie wird diese Entwicklung auf der organisatorischen Ebene einzelner Hochschulen und ihres internationalen Netzwerks analysiert. Anhand eines Fallstudienansatzes untersuchten wir die Entwicklung und Governance des U!REKA-Netzwerks, einer 2016 gegründeten Gruppe von europäischen Hochschulen für Angewandte Wissenschaften. Im Vergleich zu anderen organisatorischen Netzwerken weisen Hochschulnetzwerke spezifische Merkmale in Bezug auf ihre Ziele (hohe Bedeutung von Prestige und normativen Zielen) sowie auf das interne Management (lose Kopplung) der beteiligten Einrichtungen auf. Die Etablierung umfassender und nachhaltiger Kooperationen ist eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, die ein funktionierendes Zusammenspiel von Hochschulmanagement, akademischem Kernbereich und Unterstützungsstrukturen erfordert. Attraktive Gelegenheitsstrukturen für Wissenschaftler und Studierende sowie eine integrierte und überzeugende Kommunikation sind erforderlich, um die Netzwerkbeteiligung auf breiterer Ebene zu fördern. Gegenseitiges Vertrauen ist sehr wichtig für das Engagement in einem Netzwerk und dessen Nachhaltigkeit, und die Studie bietet einige nützliche Erkenntnisse zu 3 diesem Thema. In Bezug auf die Angemessenheit verschiedener Governance-Modi deuten die empirischen Ergebnisse außerdem darauf hin, dass in internationalen Hochschulnetzwerken ein gewisser Bedarf an zentralen Verwaltungsstrukturen auf der Netzwerkebene besteht. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fhfwps:284411&r=eur |
| By: | Bunel, Simon; Bijnens, Gert; Botelho, Vasco; Falck, Elisabeth; Labhard, Vincent; Lamo, Ana; Röhe, Oke; Schroth, Joachim; Sellner, Richard; Strobel, Johannes; Anghel, Brindusa |
| Abstract: | The productivity-enhancing effects of digitalisation have generated increased interest in the promotion of digital technologies. This report provides different estimations for euro area countries of the impact of digital uptake on productivity at firm level, showing that the adoption of digital technologies could lead to an increase in firms’ productivity in the medium term. However, not all firms and sectors experience significant productivity gains from digital adoption, and not all digital technologies deliver significant productivity gains. The report highlights possible factors behind the low productivity benefits of digitalisation in euro area countries. For example, a lack of strong institutions and governance structures may help to explain why digital diffusion is slower than expected, why it is slower in some countries than others and why the expected productivity benefits from digitalisation have not been fully achieved by now. Furthermore, the report suggests that the full benefits of the digital revolution will be reaped by properly supplying skills to firms and also by investing in computerised information in low-productivity firms. JEL Classification: D24, E24, E22, J24, O33, O38, C67 |
| Keywords: | complementary investments, digitalisation, human capital, institutions, productivity |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2024339&r=eur |
| By: | Lasse J. Jessen; Sebastian Koehne; Patrick Nüß; Jens Ruhose |
| Abstract: | Using survey experiments in the United States and Germany with 12, 000 participants, we examine perceptions of life expectancy inequality between rich and poor people. The life expectancy of the poor is underestimated more than that of the rich, leading to exaggerated perceptions of inequality in both countries. Receiving accurate information narrows concerns about this inequality. However, the impact of information on policy demand is limited because support for policies addressing life expectancy for the poor is consistently high, regardless of varying perceptions of inequality. We conclude that there is strong and unconditional public support for health equity policies. |
| Keywords: | socioeconomic inequality in life expectancy, health care, information treatment, survey experiment |
| JEL: | C90 D71 D83 I14 I18 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_10940&r=eur |
| By: | Sabat, Iryna; Neumann-Böhme, Sebastian; Stargardt, Tom; Schreyögg, Jonas |
| Abstract: | European COvid Survey (ECOS), a longitudinal study spanning eight European countries, was initiated early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Its purpose was to comprehend public perceptions, trust, knowledge, and behaviors related to COVID-19, including vaccination. The study aimed to enable timely monitoring and assess relationships between these variables, producing evidence for policy and research in Europe. ECOS pursued a dual objective: first, conducting quick descriptive analyses at the end of fieldwork to produce policy-relevant evidence and share timely findings on sentiments toward containment policies, vaccinations, and vaccine types through press releases and events. These findings were valuable as they were both prompt and representative of national populations. Second, ECOS aimed to address health-economic research questions for an academic audience, utilizing advanced analytic methodologies. The resulting data-based research from ECOS provided an empirical foundation to understand longitudinal phenomena and relationships, contributing to a deeper comprehension of socioeconomic processes and behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, it offered informed findings for policymakers to shape effective responses and policies. This technical report provides an account of the design, development, and methodology of 11 data collections henceforth referred to as waves of the survey, which were fielded between April 2020 and December 2022. |
| Keywords: | Covid-19, longitudinal survey, health economics, trust, vaccination, policy support |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:hcherp:284369&r=eur |
| By: | Laurent Fauchier (CHU Trousseau [Tours] - CHRU Tours - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours); Nicolas Lamblin (CHRU Lille - Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [CHU Lille] - Université de Lille); Jean Tardu (Creativ-Ceutical France - Creativ-Ceutical); Lucile Bellier; Harinala Groyer (Boehringer Ingelheim); Deborah Ittah (Boehringer Ingelheim); Julien Chollet (Boehringer Ingelheim); Stephan Linden (Boehringer Ingelheim); Pierre Lévy (LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Legos - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Gestion des Organisations de Santé - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres) |
| Abstract: | Introduction: The efficacy and safety of empagliflozin in the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) were demonstrated in the EMPEROR-Preserved trial, which showed a 21% reduction in combined risks of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization [hazard ratio (HR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69–0.90, p |
| Keywords: | public health, heart failure, Clinical trial |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04439876&r=eur |
| By: | Bijnens, Gert; Anyfantaki, Sofia; Colciago, Andrea; De Mulder, Jan; Falck, Elisabeth; Labhard, Vincent; Lopez-Garcia, Paloma; Meriküll, Jaanika; Parker, Miles; Röhe, Oke; Schroth, Joachim; Schulte, Patrick; Strobel, Johannes; Lourenço, Nuno |
| Abstract: | The impact of climate change on European Union (EU) countries and regions is poised to exhibit considerable diversity, influenced by factors encompassing average temperature, sectoral composition, developmental stages, and adaptation endeavours. The transition towards a more climate-friendly economy demands a well-orchestrated approach to mitigate enduring productivity costs. This shift will have varied implications for businesses, contingent upon their scale, access to financial resources, and capacity for innovation. The formulation of transition policies holds the potential to foster green innovation without displacing other initiatives, yet stringent climate regulations might impede the productivity ascent of pollutant-emitting enterprises. It will thus take time to reap the benefits of innovation. The efficacy of the policy mix is of critical importance in determining the trajectory of success. Market-driven mechanisms exhibit milder distortions compared to non-market-based strategies, though they may not inherently stimulate innovation. Significantly, subsidies earmarked for green research and development (R&D) emerge as a pivotal instrument for fostering innovation, thus constituting a vital component of the policy repertoire during the green transition. The implementation of transition policies will inevitably trigger a substantial reallocation of resources among and within sectors, potentially carrying short-term adverse ramifications. Notably, considerable productivity disparities exist between top and bottom emitters within specific industries. The transition period poses a risk to a substantial proportion of firms and can erode employment opportunities, with a likely decline in new ventures within affected sectors. JEL Classification: D24, L52, O33, O38, Q54, Q58 |
| Keywords: | climate change impact, climate transition policies, economic reallocation, green innovation, physical risk, productivity, transition risk |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2024340&r=eur |
| By: | Lafourcade, Miren |
| Abstract: | Les grandes métropoles sont sources de nombreux avantages pour les citadins, qui y ont accès à de meilleures opportunités d’emploi, de plus hauts salaires, un plus large éventail de biens et services, dans des domaines aussi divers que l’éducation, les transports, la santé, la gastronomie ou la culture. La pandémie de Covid-19 a restreint, de manière temporaire mais brutale, ces économies d’agglomération, en rendant plus prégnants les coûts de la vie urbaine : logements chers, exigus et surpeuplés, risques épidémiques accrus, très grande pauvreté, fragilité et détresse de certains habitants. La pandémie n’a pas seulement perturbé les avantages de la vie urbaine, elle a également bouleversé le fonctionnement des marchés du travail et du logement. Le recours accru au travail à domicile a permis de libérer certains citadins de la nécessité de se déplacer chaque jour pour travailler, et leur a offert la possibilité de résider plus loin de leur entreprise. L’essor du télétravail a rapidement alimenté la rumeur d’un tout nouvel exode urbain, mais qui reste difficile à confirmer dans les faits, le travail à domicile s’essoufflant depuis peu. L’objectif de cette note est d’analyser l’impact du télétravail sur la géographie des villes et l’arbitrage fondamental opéré par les ménages et les entreprises entre les bénéfices et les coûts urbains. |
| Keywords: | France, Well-Being, Travail, Télétravail, Remote Work |
| Date: | 2024–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:notobe:2402&r=eur |
| By: | Oscar Trull; J. Carlos Garc\'ia-D\'iaz; Angel Peir\'o-Signes |
| Abstract: | Transmission system operators have a growing need for more accurate forecasting of electricity demand. Current electricity systems largely require demand forecasting so that the electricity market establishes electricity prices as well as the programming of production units. The companies that are part of the electrical system use exclusive software to obtain predictions, based on the use of time series and prediction tools, whether statistical or artificial intelligence. However, the most common form of prediction is based on hybrid models that use both technologies. In any case, it is software with a complicated structure, with a large number of associated variables and that requires a high computational load to make predictions. The predictions they can offer are not much better than those that simple models can offer. In this paper we present a MATLAB toolbox created for the prediction of electrical demand. The toolbox implements multiple seasonal Holt-Winters exponential smoothing models and neural network models. The models used include the use of discrete interval mobile seasonalities (DIMS) to improve forecasting on special days. Additionally, the results of its application in various electrical systems in Europe are shown, where the results obtained can be seen. The use of this library opens a new avenue of research for the use of models with discrete and complex seasonalities in other fields of application. |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2402.10982&r=eur |
| By: | Pascal Raux (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This training course devoted to African students and stakeholders attending the AfriMAQUA conference is part of the MARINE AQUACULTURE TRAINING WORKSHOP held in Mombasa, Kenya, 27th – 28th October 2023, in the continuation of the AfriMAQUA Conference and is part of the International Joint Laboratory action LIMAQUA. The training workshop proposed 5 courses: - Seaweeds in integrated aquaculture - Sustainable strategies for improving health of intensive aquaculture systems - Aquaculture nutrition - Remote sensing for aquaculture and - Economics of aquaculture farms The purpose of the Economics of aquaculture farms was to propose an introduction to the economics of a farm through a self-directed exercise, especially for non economists. Objective was to acquire i) a first understanding of economic and technical performance measurement of aquaculture farms, ii) an introduction to the Costs/Benefits Analysis of production systems and iii) how collecting relevant information for economic analysis. The course was structured according to the following sections: - Introduction to Aquaculture History and its dynamics - Farms and Production systems - Farms Economics - An application to the case of shrimp farming development in the Indonesian province of Lampung, Sumatra |
| Keywords: | aquaculture, economics, Economic Development, Farms and agricultural practices, Farm Profitability, Farm Accounting, shrimp culture, sustainability |
| Date: | 2023–10–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04439181&r=eur |
| By: | Ochsner, Christian; Other, Lars; Thiel, Esther; Zuber, Christopher |
| Abstract: | We study the long-run interaction between Germany's economic growth trajectory and demographic aging. Using a comprehensive dataset, we leverage the classical production function approach to estimate potential output growth between 1970 and 2070. We account for the inherent uncertainty in our projections using Bayesian estimation techniques. Overall, Germany's potential output growth up to 2070 will be low if current economic trends persist. In particular, the diminishing labor volume, coupled with sluggish total factor productivity and investment trend growth, contributes to the decline. Our results highlight the significance of demographic factors in shaping economic trajectories and the critical need for policy interventions to mitigate adverse effects. Our analysis can serve as valuable inputs for formulating long-term economic policies. |
| Keywords: | demographic aging, production function, potential output, Germany, long-run forecast, economic growth |
| JEL: | E13 E17 E23 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:284412&r=eur |