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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2023‒05‒01
eighty-one papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Ambec, Stefan; Yang, Yuting |
| Abstract: | Trade reduces the effectiveness of climate policies such as carbon pricing when domestic products are replaced by more carbon-intensive imports. We investigate the impact of unilateral carbon pricing on electricity generation in a country open to trade through interconnection lines. We characterize the energy mix with intermittent renewable sources of energy (wind or solar power). Electricity trade limits the penetration of renewables due to trade-induced competition. A carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) removes this limit by increasing the cost of imported power, or by deterring imports. The CBAM must be complemented by a subsidy on renewables to increase renewable generation above domestic consumption. The interconnection line is then used to export power rather than importing it when renewables are producing. We also look at network pricing and investment into interconnection capacity. A higher carbon price increases interconnection investment which further reduces the effectiveness of carbon pricing. In contrast, when renewable electricity is exported, a higher subsidy on renewables reduces further carbon emissions by expanding interconnection capacity. |
| Keywords: | Intermittent renewables; electricity interconnection; carbon pricing;; carbon border adjustment mechanism; renewable subsidy; carbon leakage |
| JEL: | D24 F18 F64 H23 Q27 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:128018&r=env |
| By: | Markus Leippold (University of Zurich; Swiss Finance Institute); Tingyu Yu (University of Zurich) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates if firms’ green innovation efforts are reflected in their stock market prices. Firms with a higher proportion of green patents experience lower stock returns than those with a lower percentage. A long-short portfolio based on green patent shares has an average annual return of 8%, which remains significant when we control for common risk factors. However, firms with high green patent shares outperform their counterparts after events that increase climate concerns and strengthen environmental regulations. Moreover, firms with green innovation attract more institutional ownership and can weakly decrease their future carbon intensity and incident involvement. |
| Keywords: | Green patents, cross-section of stock returns, event study, institutional investors |
| JEL: | G12 G14 O34 Q55 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2321&r=env |
| By: | Ivanova, Nevena; Vasileva, Elka |
| Abstract: | The paper examines successful models for sustainable corporate governance in order to demonstrate the need, opportunity and prospects for the development of such business approaches, emphasizing the global relevance of the topic of climate change and environmental protection. It focuses on specific case studies related to companies that apply the principles of sustainable development and governance, following an environmental policy of raw materials, products, processes and commercial practices. Based on the developed criteria, the main characteristics of the two companies in structural and historical aspect, the philosophy, strategies and standards they adopt and apply in terms of sustainable development and governance, initiatives and projects in which they participate are discussed. Comparative conclusions have been drawn for successful models of sustainable corporate governance as a balance between the new market opportunities that environmental behaviour creates, along with the support of sustainable development and leadership which is taking risks towards sustainability. |
| Keywords: | sustainable corporate governance, sustainable governance models, case studies |
| JEL: | M1 M10 Q5 Q59 |
| Date: | 2021–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116743&r=env |
| By: | Nathalie Hilmi (CSM - Centre Scientifique de Monaco); Ritu Basu; Matías Crisóstomo (Universidad San Sebastian); Lara Lebleu (CSM - Centre Scientifique de Monaco); Joachim Claudet (CRIOBE - Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - EPHE - École pratique des hautes études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Davide Seveso (UNIMIB - Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca) |
| Abstract: | The ocean plays a fundamental role in the human well-being and development. Therefore, it is vital to preserve and restore the marine ecosystem services that are being damage through climate change and anthropic activities, even more in countries such as the Maldives that has been classified under a high degree of exposure and vulnerability. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the problems facing coral reefs in the Maldives through relevant scientific insights; outline the importance of reef conservation in this area, given their ecosystem services; and briefly discuss policies and mitigation plans for reef conservation in the Maldives against anthropic activities and climate change, including potential funding sources and how best to engage with local communities and other stakeholders in this effort. This will help to achieve several SDGs. |
| Keywords: | Coral reefs, climate change, mitigation, GDP, environmental plans and strategies |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04033524&r=env |
| By: | Tim Breitbarth (Cologne Business School); Brian P Mccullough (Texas A&M University [College Station]); Andrea Collins (Cardiff University); Anna Gerke (Audencia Business School); David M Herold (QUT - Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane]) |
| Abstract: | Research Question: Climate change continues to be a critical issue that impacts the ways we produce and consume sport. The extent to which sport responds to climate change (e.g. minimizing carbon emissions, adapting to climate impacts) will become more dire. Thus, it is crucial for sport to respond now to address current and emerging sustainability challenges. The popularity of sport can create opportunities to promote and influence individual behaviour change and drive organizational efforts to be environmentally sustainable. Research Methods: The sport management academy is currently limited in its efforts to highlight, examine, and educate industry and students on the issues raised due to changes in the natural environment and the impact on the sport sector. The five articles included in this special issue aim to begin to bridge this gap. Results and Findings: Sport is not inherently sustainable or unsustainable. We introduce this special issue to provide an overview of the current and future environmental challenges in sport management. Implications: We encourage sport researchers to critically assess existing practices and enhance the management knowledge that not only influences the world of sport and sport managers, but also policymakers and sport fans on mitigating the impacts of climate change. We hope the following articles spark ideas, discussions, and further research projects. |
| Keywords: | Ecology environmental sustainability climate change global warming sport management, Ecology, environmental sustainability, climate change, global warming, sport management |
| Date: | 2023–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03969307&r=env |
| By: | Honkatukia, Juha |
| Abstract: | The European Union aims to reduce CO2 emissions by at least 55 % by 2035 and to achieve carbon-neutrality by 2050. Many EU Member States have declared more stringent – ambitious – targets. Finland has adopted one of the most ambitious among them, with the aim of reaching carbon neutrality by 2035. The technology for getting there exists already but the policies supporting the target are only partly in place. This paper studies the economic measures that may be needed to facitlitate a Green Transition of this magnitude. The Finnish case may serve to highlight the vastness of the task – but also its feasibility. Our main finding is that, given the technology, the economic costs are likely to remain small and, at times, even negative. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333406&r=env |
| By: | Ostale Valriberas, Daniel; Lanzi, Elisa; Van-Dingenen, Rita |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is one of the most severe environmental risks in the Arctic Council countries, with adverse effects on human health, wellbeing, and the environment. It is shown that policy action on air pollution would result in better air quality, and thus in health and economic improvements in the region. While recent modelling literature highlights the economic benefits of improving air quality on an aggregated level, this study aims to contribute to the existing literature by showing how different sectors contribute to reducing emissions of specific gases in specific areas. This paper shows that most part of the macroeconomic benefit from increased air quality in the Arctic Council countries results from taking policy action in the agricultural, industrial and residential sectors. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333485&r=env |
| By: | Joxe Mari Barrutiabengoa; Julián Cubero; Rafael Doménech; Javier Andrés |
| Abstract: | El bienestar social promedio en los países de la OCDE habría disminuido un 1, 9% en la última década si se hubiera internalizado el daño producido por las emisiones de CO2, pero con un beneficio neto en términos intertemporales al evitar los peores escenarios futuros de calentamiento global, con un coste muy elevado. The average social welfare in OECD countries would have decreased by 1.9% during the past decade if the damages caused by CO2 emissions had been internalized. Nevertheless, a net intertemporal gain could have been achieved by preventing the most severe future outcomes of global warming, which entail a substantial cost. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, emisiones CO2, Welfare, Bienestar, Climate change, Cambio climático, Consumption, Consumo, Global, Global, Global Economy, Economía Global, Consumption, Consumo, Sustainable Development, Desarrollo Sostenible, Working Paper, Documento de Trabajo |
| JEL: | L11 L43 F14 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bbv:wpaper:2304&r=env |
| By: | Victor GUILLOT; Edi ASSOUMOU |
| Abstract: | Planetary boundaries define a formal framework for a more "integrated" analysis of human activities' impacts on various environmental categories. Their application to energy systems allows assessing the sustainability of different mixes and transition trajectories beyond direct CO2 emissions.In this study, we propose to evaluate the environmental impacts of a carbon neutrality trajectory, expressed in direct CO2 emissions, of the European electricity system on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, water consumption, land use, and eutrophication. The impact on the consumption of various materials is also assessed. From this neutrality scenario, several transition trajectories, including an explicit constraint on the various impact categories, are then proposed to assess the effect of a broader understanding of sustainability on technology choices. The methodology proposed should be taken as a proof-of-concept of an environmental impact assessment of the European power system with the planetary boundary framework. The method is based on the extension of an intertemporal optimization model of the European electricity system, eTIMES-EU, to highlight possible transfers or convergences between impact categories. The results show that a rapid phase-out of fossil fuels allows a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as other pollutions. However, respecting the planetary boundaries at the European scale requires limiting the demand for electricity and improving industrial processes to reduce the environmental impacts of technologies. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15287&r=env |
| By: | Ralph Winkler |
| Abstract: | Many poor countries are ill-adapted to the current leave alone a changing future climate, because they lack the necessary financial means to invest in efficient and costeffective safeguarding measures. International endeavours to fund institutions, such as the Green Climate Fund, to provide financial assistance in this respect have not been as successful has hoped for. In this paper, I set up a simple two-player two-stage model, in which a rich country (North) can invest into adaptation measures in a poor country (South). I show that a necessary condition for North to invest into adaptation investments in South is that this results in decreasing equilibrium emissions of South. I find that this can only happen if the funded adaptation measures also have a flavor of mitigation, i.e., apart from safeguarding South from climate damages they have to reduce South’s marginal abatement costs. My results have important policy implications for the selection of adaptation and mitigation projects by international adaptation funding organizations, such as the Green Climate Fund. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, adaptation versus mitigation, cross-country adaptation investments, non-cooperative climate policy, strategic complementarity |
| JEL: | C72 D62 H41 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ube:dpvwib:dp2307&r=env |
| By: | Haqiqi, Iman |
| Abstract: | A national carbon pricing policy will have implications for energy-intensive economic sectors. The transmission to agriculture can be through nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation as they are major energy-intensive inputs for agricultural production. The goal of this study is to quantify the impact of the US carbon pricing policy on agricultural land use and irrigation water. Here a global general equilibrium model will inform a high-resolution partial equilibrium model of land use and water. Specifically, the shocks are obtained from the ENVISAGE model quantifying the final change in prices at the national level for factor returns and energy products. Then SIMPLE-G quantifies the likely changes in the spatial pattern of water and land use given the estimated shocks in input prices. This calculation entails grid-cell specific input shocks and heterogeneous economic responses. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333449&r=env |
| By: | Pierre Chiaverina (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Emmanuel Raynaud (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marie Fillâtre (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Sophie Nicklaus (UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE], CSGA - Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] - UB - Université de Bourgogne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Valentin Bellassen (CESAER - Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Dijon - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Public school food procurement has been identified as a key lever in the transition towards sustainable food systems. In this study, we assess the nutritional quality and the carbon footprint of 2020 school menus served in 101 municipalities in the inner suburbs of Paris. In this sample, school canteens menus meet an average 8.2/15 (min = 4, max = 14) adequacy score to the regulatory nutritional quality frequency criteria and their carbon footprint averages at 1.9 (min = 1.2, max = 2.6) kgCO 2 e/day. The nutritional and environmental qualities of canteen menus were not correlated with each other. In-house canteens have a significantly higher nutritional quality – 0.7 more points – and so do larger canteens. The carbon footprint significantly decreases with an increasing education level of the population and, for in-house canteens, it also decreases by 0.16 kgCO 2 e/day with a ten-fold increase in canteen size and by 0.0035 kgCO 2 e/day per percent of left-wing vote, breaking even with delegated canteens above 3500 enrolled children and 53% of left-wing vote respectively. The frequency of certified food (mean = 18%, min = 0%, max = 51%), a cornerstone of the 2018 national law aiming at more sustainable institutional catering, has no impact on our indicators of nutritional quality and carbon footprint. The substantial variations between canteens in both nutritional and environmental qualities suggests that there is room for improvement on both ends. |
| Keywords: | Green public procurement, Public school food procurement, Food sustainability, School canteen menus, Nutrition |
| Date: | 2022–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03719918&r=env |
| By: | Laichena, J.; Kiptoo, E.; Nkanyani, S.; Mwamakamba, S.; Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute); Ires, Idil (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agricultural policies; Agricultural production; Diversification; Food security; Food policies; Climate change adaptation; Climate change mitigation; Economic aspects; Indicators; Strategies; Farmers |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051680&r=env |
| By: | Mechthild Donner (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Hugo de Vries (INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UMR IATE - Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, the circular economy and the bioeconomy have increasingly been developed in France, driven by public policies. In this article, innovative circular bioeconomy business models in the French agrifood domain are studied concerning main drivers, business model elements, circular economy principles, enablers and barriers, and sustainability benefits. The study is based on an online review and analysis of 44 local, collaborative and small-scale initiatives. It appears that the strategies of the businesses are based on the seven circular economy pillars laid out by the French Agency for the Environment and Ecological Transition, mostly recycling, sustainable procurement, and industrial and territorial ecology. Geographical embeddedness and the relational proximity of actors are other crucial factors that play a role in the success of these business models, next to pro-environmental consumer trends and local public support. The outcomes further reveal that all three sustainability dimensions are integrally considered in France, with environmental and social dimensions slightly prominent above the economic one. The application of the game concept and its seven building blocks (time, playing fields, pieces, moves, players, rules, wins or loses) allows this study to demonstrate the essential elements of emerging business models within bioeconomy systems, their dynamic interrelations and the need for full policy attention. |
| Keywords: | circular economy, bioeconomy, business model, sustainability, agrifood sector, France, business models |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04047682&r=env |
| By: | Haonan Zhang |
| Abstract: | The existing buildings and building construction sectors together are responsible for over one-third of the total global energy consumption and nearly 40% of total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. GHG emissions from the building sector are made up of embodied emissions and operational emissions. Recognizing the importance of reducing energy use and emissions associated with the building sector, governments have introduced policies, standards, and design guidelines to improve building energy performance and reduce GHG emissions associated with operating buildings. However, policy initiatives that reduce embodied emissions of the existing building sector are lacking. This research aims to develop policy strategies to reduce embodied carbon emissions in retrofits. In order to achieve this goal, this research conducted a literature review and identification of policies and financial incentives in British Columbia (BC) for reducing overall GHG emissions from the existing building sector. Then, this research analyzed worldwide policies and incentives that reduce embodied carbon emissions in the existing building sector. After reviewing the two categories of retrofit policies, the author identified links and opportunities between existing BC strategies, tools, and incentives, and global embodied emission strategies. Finally, this research compiled key findings from all resources and provided policy recommendations for reducing embodied carbon emissions in retrofits in BC. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2304.03403&r=env |
| By: | Foroogh Nazari Chamaki (Department of Banking and Finance, Eastern Mediterranean University, North Cyprus); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Majid Hashemipour (Faculty of Engineering, Cyprus International University, North Cyprus) |
| Abstract: | One of the most effective strategies to mitigate water shortages worldwide is to reuse the treated wastewater for freshwater production employing reverse osmosis (RO) technology. This strategy is appropriate in urban areas of arid or semi-arid regions as it can provide a sustainable and reliable water source close to the consumers. One of the drawbacks of RO is the high variability of production costs due to the electricity intensity. In addition, depending on the electricity source, it can also result in substantial environmental costs. This study showed that upgrading pumping and RO membrane systems of a wastewater reuse plant in Cyprus can significantly alleviate these drawbacks in terms cost, water recovery rate, and air pollution. The water recovery rate of the upgraded RO plant increased from 43.2 to 75 percent which results in a substantial net financial benefit due to less quantity of wastewater to be purchased and more potable water to be produced. The upgraded system also reduced the electricity requirement from 3.63 kWh/m3 to 1.92 kWh/m3. Pollution emissions decreased substantially because of the reduction in electricity requirements. The beneficiaries of these lower emissions costs are the residents of Cyprus and global society. Overall, the benefit of upgrading the plant is highly attractive with more than 65 percent of annual real internal rates of re-turn in financial and economic terms. Positive net present values are realized for all the scenarios considered. |
| Keywords: | circular economy; reused wastewater; reverse osmosis; levelized cost; economic cost; membrane technologies; emission cost; environmental externalities; distributive analysis; energy saving |
| JEL: | I38 L95 H43 Q25 |
| Date: | 2023–04–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4600&r=env |
| By: | Hanming Fang; Honglin Ren; Danwen Song; Nianhang Xu |
| Abstract: | We study how environmentally-inclined politicians (EIPs), i.e., politicians with prior environment-related working experience, affect local environmental performance in China. Firms located in cities with EIPs have lower levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. The effect is attenuated when the politician is in his/her second term and among firms that are economically important. Firms in cities with EIPs commit less environmental violations, receive more green subsidies from the local government, and choose to establish new polluting subsidiaries in cities without EIPs. Furthermore, these EIPs do not have inferior economic performance and their promotion likelihood is negatively related to local emission levels. The findings overall suggest that local officials strategically leverage their expertise in environment protection to allocate more effort on environmental causes. |
| JEL: | D72 G38 H75 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:31071&r=env |
| By: | Carolina Grottera (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Giovanna Ferrazzo Naspolini (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Emilio Lèbre La Rovere (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Daniel Neves Schmitz Gonçalves (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Tainan de Farias Nogueira (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Otto Hebeda (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Carolina Burle Schmidt Dubeux (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); George Vasconcelos Goes (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Marcelo Melo Ramalho Moreira (Agroicone); Gabriela Mota da Cruz (Agroicone); Claudio Joaquim Martagão Gesteira (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); William Wills (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Gabriel Malta Castro (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Márcio de Almeida d'Agosto (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Gaëlle Le Treut (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Sergio Henrique Ferreira da Cunha (UERJ - Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro]); Julien Lefèvre (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This study assesses the expansion of the Brazilian energy system across three GHG emissions pathways simulating the achievement of the Brazilian Nationally Determined Contribution. In the Reference scenario, the NDC is achieved through command-and-control policies. We then compare this pathway to an Emissions Pricing Scenario (EPS), which simulates a carbon pricing scheme. The Sensitive Fuels Exemption Scenario (SFE) is similar to the latter, but gasoline, diesel and liquefied petroleum gas are exempted from pricing, strengthening political buy-in to the mechanism. An integrated modelling approach combines bottom-up models representing energy demand and supply and a macroeconomic framework to ensure consistency across them. The adoption of carbon pricing schemes enables the use of a large potential of offsets (from the restoration of native vegetation) at a limited cost. This allows meeting NDC targets with bounded use of expensive mitigation actions comprised in command-and-control tools in the reference scenario. This study shows that a carbon pricing policy can increase the effectiveness of meeting climate commitments in Brazil, reducing GDP losses against business-as-usual trends. However, the mechanism's scope and sectoral coverage are key to ensure that decarbonisation is pursued in all economic sectors and in line with climate targets beyond the NDC horizon. |
| Keywords: | Brazil, Emission scenarios, Climate mitigation, Carbon pricing, Energy supply and demand, Energy mix, Energy modelling |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03791419&r=env |
| By: | Nico Alexander (Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | "Objective - The environment is one of the more interesting issues to discuss, especially if it relates to companies' accounting issues. This study was conducted to determine the effect of green accounting implementation on firm value. Methodology/Technique - Firm value is measured using Tobins-Q, and green accounting is measured by ratings based on PROPER. Multiple regression analysis was used, and 35 manufacturing companies were sampled in this study. Findings - The results of this study show that green accounting can increase firm value. Companies that apply green accounting have a higher firm value because information about environmental costs is additional information for stakeholders when making decisions. If the company does not incur environmental costs, it is considered bad for investment. Novelty - Green accounting is still new, so this study was conducted to provide an overview of green accounting and firm value. Companies implementing green accounting will increase their firm value and help preserve the environment. It is hoped that Indonesian accounting organizations will develop standards regarding green accounting. Type of Paper - Empirical." |
| Keywords: | Green Accounting; Firm Value; Green Investment; PROPER; Indonesia. |
| JEL: | F64 L50 M14 Q52 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr223&r=env |
| By: | Guanyu Lu (Graduate School of Economics, Waseda University); Taisuke Sadayuki (Faculty of Economics, Seijo University); Toshi H Arimura (Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University) |
| Abstract: | This study aims to explore if Japan’s environmental regulation, such as its regional emissions trading scheme (ETS), can improve innovation without inducing carbon leakage. Using unique firm-level data for the period from 2003 to 2018, based on the difference-in-differences method, this study investigates how firms address issues such as innovation and outsourcing under Japan’s regional ETS framework. The key findings are as follows. (1) Japan’s regional ETS is effective in improving targeted firms’ innovation during the early stage of the compliance period. (2) Targeted firms that pursued innovation before the ETS promoted subsequent innovations after the ETS. (3) Japan’s regional ETS did not induce the risk of carbon leakage through outsourcing activities. (4) Firms that did not actively encourage innovation increased their outsourcing activities during the compliance period. Based on these findings, we discuss the study implications and directions for future policy design. |
| Keywords: | Emissions trading scheme, Japan, innovation, carbon leakage, outsourcing activity, difference-in-differences |
| JEL: | Q48 Q50 Q55 Q56 Q58 Q59 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wap:wpaper:2217&r=env |
| By: | Adhikari, Tamanna (Central Bank of Ireland); Carroll, James (Central Bank of Ireland); Lambert, Derek (Central Bank of Ireland) |
| Abstract: | Climate change will potentially affect households through direct weather/climate-related damages (“physical risks”) and the policy changes required to achieve a global decarbonisation of production and consumption (“transition risks”). The potential financial stability and economic implications of various transition risk channels are currently difficult to measure due to the nature of data available to most authorities. This paper proposes a new methodology to populate loan-level data with borrower energy and emissions estimates to facilitate the analysis of transition risks. Using these estimates, we consider the possible impacts of a number of future medium and long run carbon price scenarios to household resilience. In our framework, the current carbon intensity of households is key to explaining vulnerability in the transition to net zero, with rural and, in particular, low-income households most at risk. The speed of adopting energy-saving technologies and behaviours are important determinants for mitigating these vulnerabilities. We note that our estimation framework, while providing a platform to analyse climate risk, does not replace the need to collect data from source. |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cbi:fsnote:1/fs/23&r=env |
| By: | Antoine TEIXEIRA; Julien LEFEVRE |
| Abstract: | Like Net-Zero GHG emissions (NZE) country goals which have recently multiplied, national low carbon strategies currently focus on reducing direct territorial emissions across sectors, such as domestic energy, transport, buildings and industry sectors. Doing so they do not tackle emissions embodied in imports and insufficiently emissions related to base carbon-intensive materials production which are used across sectors including for capital formation. However the carbon footprint of materials production (CFM) represents a high share of global emissions and is mostly embodied in imports in many rich countries. Here we develop a novel framework to assess and map the carbon footprint of materials at the country level in the present situation and in future scenarios. Replicable for other countries, our framework is applied to the case of France. We find that although territorial emissions from materials supply only stand for 53 MtCO2eq in 2015, the CFM amounts to 228 MtCO2eq, i.e. 3.4 tCO2e/cap with a high share of imported emissions. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15234&r=env |
| By: | Jo, Ara; Carattini, Stefano |
| Abstract: | Although the effect of trust on local cooperation is well-documented, little is known about how trust influences global cooperation. Building on a large body of theoretical and experimental literature, we hypothesize that trust shared in a society may positively affect global cooperative behavior. We provide empirical evidence in the context of climate change that an increase in trust is associated with a larger reduction in CO2 emissions across countries, controlling for country fixed effects and a number of time-varying factors. As a falsification test, we estimate the relationship on an earlier period when there was no concern of man-made climate change (before the 1980s) and find no impact of trust on CO2 emissions during that period. |
| Keywords: | climate change; cooperation; trust; P2SKP1_16502 |
| JEL: | Q54 N50 Z10 |
| Date: | 2021–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:112163&r=env |
| By: | Joseph I. Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda N. Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on development of enterprising rural women as custodians of seed, food and traditional knowledge for climate change resilience in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 768 rural women respondents were sampled across the rural areas of the Niger Delta region in Nigeria. Findings - The results from the use of a combined propensity score matching and logit model indicated that the meagre interventions of MOCs’ CSR targeted at the empowerment of rural women in custodians of seed, food and traditional knowledge for climate change resilience recorded significant success in improving the role of women in agricultural production, especially in women involvement across value chains. Practical implications - This suggests that any increase in the MOCs’ CSR targeted at increasing rural women’s access to seed preservation facilities, food processing facilities, extension system that impact strong body of knowledge and expertise that can be used in climate change mitigation, disaster reduction and adaptation strategies, will enhance women’s responsibilities in households and communities, stewards of natural and household resources, and will position them well to contribute to livelihood strategies adapted to changing environmental realities. Social implications – This implies that MOCs’ GMoUs’ policies and practices should enhance women’s participation; value and recognise women’s knowledge; and enable women, as well as men farmers to participate in decision-making process in agriculture, food production, land and governance; as women need to be acknowledged and supported, as the primary producers of food in the region, able to both cultivate healthy food and climate change resilience through small scale agro-ecological farming system. Originality/value – This research contributes to gender debate in agriculture from a CSR perspective in developing countries and rational for demands for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern. |
| Keywords: | Environmental justice, custodians of seed, climate change resilience, gender equality, corporate social responsibility, multinational oil companies, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:23/025&r=env |
| By: | Lipman, Timothy PhD; Rogers, Emily MS |
| Abstract: | Transit bus operations in California are experiencing new challenges due to economic conditions and the ongoing global pandemic. A confluence of factors has created a focus on this critical public-needs serving industry, due to state and local efforts to reduce emissions of pollutants and climate-changing gases. Transit bus operations in California provide essential and additional useful services that offer critical mobility to needy populations (elderly and handicapped) as well as many other groups for whom transit buses provide the most economical, convenient, and low-emission options. To address the role of transit bus operations in meeting California’s aggressive greenhouse gas (GHG) and emissions, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) has implemented an ambitious Innovative Clean Transit (ICT) regulation that requires all public transit agencies to gradually transition to a 100 percent zero-emission bus (ZEB) fleet.1 Beginning in 2029, 100% of new purchases by transit agencies must be ZEBs, with a goal for a full transition by 2040. Prior to that 25% of purchases of new buses must be ZEBs in 2023-2025 for large transit agencies, rising to 50% in 2026-2028. For smaller transit agencies, defined as those with less than 100 buses in annual maximum service, there is no requirement for 2023-2025 and the requirement for 2026-2028 is 25%, but the 100% ZEB purchase requirement starting in 2029 applies to all agencies. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Zero emission vehicles, transit buses, greenhouse gases, electric vehicle charging, bus transit operations |
| Date: | 2023–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt8x88036r&r=env |
| By: | François Facchini (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Benjamin Michallet |
| Abstract: | Free ecology broadly assumes that the protection of the environment hinges on well-defined property rights on natural resources. Such institutional conditions deliver a "double dividend": it both protects environment and creates wealth as shown by studies drawing on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). That said, the economic growth is all the more sustainable that production and consumption are pollution free, that requirement boiling down to "greening" supply and demand through different types of entrepreneurship. Indeed, the ecological entrepreneur seek to enforce greening along a top down process of a political nature, thus becoming a political entrepreneur drawing on coercion, restriction and taxes in order to impose its business model, in passing legislation and taxation aiming at green purposes (top down greening). Conversely, the green activist can resort to commercial exchange and/or to any civil society initiative to make the economy more sustainable, so that convert into a commercial or a social entrepreneur. Thus, entrepreneurship can spur innovation or leverage the social responsibility of firms based on a grounded action (bottom up greening). What is the most effective form of entrepreneurship among these? Put differently, who makes the best use of scarce resources in order to achieve ecological goals ? |
| Abstract: | L'écologie libérale défend l'idée que, pour protéger l'environnement, il faut établir des droits de propriété sur les ressources naturelles. Dans ce cadre institutionnel, l'entrepreneur générerait un double dividende : protéger l'environnement tout en créant de la richesse, comme en attestent les études fondées sur la courbe environnementale de Kuznets. La croissance de la production serait d'autant plus respectueuse de l'environnement que les pratiques de consommation et de production sont moins polluantes; «verdir» l'offre et la demande passe alors par plusieurs formes d'entrepreneuriat : imposer le verdissement par le haut (top down greening); devenir un «entrepreneur politique» et s'appuyer sur la contrainte légale, l'interdiction et l'impôt pour imposer son modèle d'affaires accompagné par un «verdissement» de la législation et de la fiscalité.Le militant écologiste peut, quant à lui, s'appuyer sur l'échange marchand et sur le mouvement associatif pour atteindre ses objectifs; il se mue alors en entrepreneur commercial ou social. Il peut ainsi contribuer à l'innovation ou activer la responsabilité sociale des entreprises, avec une action volontaire de terrain (bottom up greening). De ces formes d'entrepreneuriat vert, quelle serait la plus efficace ? Qui, de l'entrepreneur politique, de l'entrepreneur marchand ou de l'entrepreneur social pourrait optimiser les ressources rares de l'écologie ? |
| Keywords: | entrepreneuriat vert, entrepreneur politique, responsabilité sociale & innovation verte |
| Date: | 2021–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03546853&r=env |
| By: | François Facchini (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Benjamin Michallet |
| Abstract: | Free ecology broadly assumes that the protection of the environment hinges on well-defined property rights on natural resources. Such institutional conditions deliver a "double dividend": it both protects environment and creates wealth as shown by studies drawing on the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). That said, the economic growth is all the more sustainable that production and consumption are pollution free, that requirement boiling down to "greening" supply and demand through different types of entrepreneurship. Indeed, the ecological entrepreneur seek to enforce greening along a top down process of a political nature, thus becoming a political entrepreneur drawing on coercion, restriction and taxes in order to impose its business model, in passing legislation and taxation aiming at green purposes (top down greening). Conversely, the green activist can resort to commercial exchange and/or to any civil society initiative to make the economy more sustainable, so that convert into a commercial or a social entrepreneur. Thus, entrepreneurship can spur innovation or leverage the social responsibility of firms based on a grounded action (bottom up greening). What is the most effective form of entrepreneurship among these? Put differently, who makes the best use of scarce resources in order to achieve ecological goals ? |
| Abstract: | L'écologie libérale défend l'idée que, pour protéger l'environnement, il faut établir des droits de propriété sur les ressources naturelles. Dans ce cadre institutionnel, l'entrepreneur générerait un double dividende : protéger l'environnement tout en créant de la richesse, comme en attestent les études fondées sur la courbe environnementale de Kuznets. La croissance de la production serait d'autant plus respectueuse de l'environnement que les pratiques de consommation et de production sont moins polluantes; «verdir» l'offre et la demande passe alors par plusieurs formes d'entrepreneuriat : imposer le verdissement par le haut (top down greening); devenir un «entrepreneur politique» et s'appuyer sur la contrainte légale, l'interdiction et l'impôt pour imposer son modèle d'affaires accompagné par un «verdissement» de la législation et de la fiscalité.Le militant écologiste peut, quant à lui, s'appuyer sur l'échange marchand et sur le mouvement associatif pour atteindre ses objectifs; il se mue alors en entrepreneur commercial ou social. Il peut ainsi contribuer à l'innovation ou activer la responsabilité sociale des entreprises, avec une action volontaire de terrain (bottom up greening). De ces formes d'entrepreneuriat vert, quelle serait la plus efficace ? Qui, de l'entrepreneur politique, de l'entrepreneur marchand ou de l'entrepreneur social pourrait optimiser les ressources rares de l'écologie ? |
| Keywords: | entrepreneuriat vert, entrepreneur politique, responsabilité sociale & innovation verte |
| Date: | 2021–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-03546853&r=env |
| By: | Andres, Pia; Mealy, Penny; Handler, Nils; Fankhauser, Samuel |
| Abstract: | The transition away from a fossil-fuel powered economy towards a cleaner production system will create winners and losers in the global trade system. We compile a list of ‘brown’ traded products whose use is highly likely to decline if the world is to mitigate climate change, and explore which countries are most at risk of seeing their productive capabilities ‘stranded’. Using methods from economic geography and complexity, we develop novel measures of transition risk that capture the extent to which countries’ export profiles are locked-in to brown products. We show that countries exporting a high number of brown products, especially technologically sophisticated ones, could find it relatively easy to transition. Conversely, countries with exports highly concentrated in a few, low-complexity brown products have much fewer nearby diversification opportunities. Our results suggest that export complexity and diversity play a key role in determining transition risk. Path-breaking diversification strategies are needed to prevent nations from becoming stranded. |
| Keywords: | ES/R009708/1; UKRI block grant |
| JEL: | Q50 |
| Date: | 2023–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:118378&r=env |
| By: | Britta RENNKAMP; Murray LEIBBRANDT |
| Abstract: | Recurring drought and other severe weather events, combined with unstable energy supply in this region, jeopardize socio-economic development and livelihoods. States’ abilities to provide basic services decline as resources become scarce. Simultaneously, resource-constrained countries struggle to access suitable technological solutions. While the multidimensional nature of inequality has been relatively well documented, this paper expands the concept of multi-dimensionality to interrogate the role of climate change and climate governance in the multi-dimensional inequality framework and its relevance for Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| Keywords: | Afrique |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15286&r=env |
| By: | Staniszewski, Jakub; Matuszczak, Anna |
| Abstract: | The paper reviews 200 papers regarding environmentally adjusted analysis of agricultural efficiency found in the Scopus database. Based on the PRISMA method the scope of the review was limited to papers where efficiency is assessed with data envelopment analysis (DEA) or stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The aim of this paper is to identify how efficiency analysis can be enhanced to take into account environmental aspects of agricultural production and indicate the research trends and gaps. Regarding the trends, most of the studies refer to agriculture in Europe, with a noticeable increasing trend in Asia. The production directions under research mainly include crops or milk production, usually in the farm scale. It can also be observed that a typical economic efficiency model is developed to include new environmentally detrimental inputs or undesirable outputs, such as fertilizing, climate impact, crop protection, water footprint, and energy usage. The most common determinants were farmers features, scale of production, intensification, agricultural practices, quality of the production environment, macroeconomic environment, specialization, environmental practices, and farm features. The following research gaps were identified. The case studies of Africa and North America are limited, like those at the field and local levels as well as those related to horticultural and animal production other than milk production. The SFA approaches are underdeveloped in comparison with DEA, like approaches other than additional inputs/outputs. In particular, the by-production approach seems promising. Limited attention has been paid to soil condition, biodiversity, waste generation in agriculture, and positive externalities provided by the agriculture. An interesting and less investigated area in terms of performance determinants remain farmers’ behavioral features. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–03–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:333729&r=env |
| By: | Jensbye, Laerke; Clora, Francesco; Yu, Wusheng |
| Abstract: | Reductions in GHG emissions to reach the Paris Agreement’s commitments will affect all sectors, including agriculture. The size of such commitments in the agricultural sector is likely to differ across countries. This creates the potential for shifts in competitiveness between producers from different countries, resulting in changes in production and trade patterns. In this paper, we first perform a cluster analysis to determine the likelihood of countries setting ambitious targets within their agricultural sector, using multiple dimensions for comparison. Second, these country-specific estimated climate targets for the agricultural sector (in addition to alternative technological developments) are utilized in simulating several alternative scenarios towards 2030, using a recursive dynamic CGE model. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333465&r=env |
| By: | Gilles Dufrénot (Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, AMSE, Marseille, France.); William Ginn (LabCorp, Economist / Data Scientist, USA); Marc Pourroy (CRIEF, University of Poitiers, France) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the role of ENSO climate patterns on global economic conditions. The estimated model is based on a rich and novel monthly dataset for 20 economies, capturing 80.2% of global output (based on 2021 IMF data) over the period 1999:01 to 2022:03. The empirical evidence from an estimated global vector autoregression with local projections (GFAVLP) model links an El Niño (EN) shock with higher output and inflation, corresponding with lower global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU). While a shock to the world oil and food price is inflationary, a food price shock leads to elevated GEPU, more so during a LN shock. A main finding is that an increase of the food price can be a source of global vulnerability. The findings indicate that the weather shock impact on global economic conditions is dependent on the climate state. Our result undermines existing studies connecting climate change and economic damage via statistical approach. |
| Keywords: | Weather; Oil and Food Prices; Global Macroeconometric Modeling; and Economic Policy Uncertainty |
| JEL: | C32 F44 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aim:wpaimx:2308&r=env |
| By: | Jean-Louis Combes (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Pascale Combes Motel (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Manegdo Ulrich Doamba (LEO - Laboratoire d'Économie d'Orleans [2022-...] - UO - Université d'Orléans - UT - Université de Tours - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne, UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Youba Ndiaye (ENVT - Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - UT - Université de Toulouse, UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | African countries are natural resource-rich. The continent has natural forests, homes of endemic biodiversity and various ores. This richness brings hope for sustainable and inclusive development in a continent whose population is rapidly growing. It also raises fears of environmental degradation. This article studies mining-driven deforestation using unique finescale data from 2001 to 2019. The dataset covering all Sub-Saharan African countries entails 2, 207 polygons with an average size of about 12, 000 square kilometres. 926 polygons were forested in 2001, of which 198 hosted industrial mines. A spatial autoregressive model allows taking dependence between deforestation decisions at the polygon level. The econometric results show that an additional mine increases deforestation by about 155 square kilometres. Protected areas mitigate deforestation poorly. One hundred square kilometres under protected areas enable only a 9.7 square kilometres reduction in forest loss. More than doubling protected areas would be necessary to offset mining-driven forest loss. Protected areas cannot alone mitigate the adverse effects of mining on forest loss and other environmental consequences. Moreover, the effectiveness of protected areas is not uniform across space: it vanishes in highly conflicted regions. |
| Abstract: | Les pays africains sont riches en ressources naturelles. Le continent possède des forêts naturelles, foyers de biodiversité endémique et divers produits miniers. Cette richesse est porteuse d'espoir pour un développement durable et inclusif dans un continent dont la population croît rapidement. Elle suscite également des craintes de dégradation de l'environnement. Cet article étudie la déforestation due à l'activité minière en utilisant des données uniques à échelle fine sur la période 2001-2019. L'ensemble de données couvrant tous les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne comprend 2 207 polygones d'une taille moyenne d'environ 12 000 kilomètres carrés. 926 polygones comportaient une surface forestière en 2001, dont 198 accueillaient des mines industrielles. Un modèle spatial autorégressif permet de prendre en compte la dépendance entre les décisions de déforestation au niveau des polygones. Les résultats économétriques montrent qu'une mine supplémentaire augmente la déforestation d'environ 155 kilomètres carrés. Les aires protégées atténuent peu la déforestation. Cent kilomètres carrés d'aires protégées ne permettent qu'une réduction de 9, 7 kilomètres carrés de déforestation. Il faudrait plus que doubler les zones protégées pour compenser la perte de forêt due à l'exploitation minière. Les zones protégées ne peuvent à elles seules atténuer les effets négatifs de l'exploitation minière sur la déforestation et les autres conséquences environnementales. En outre, l'efficacité des aires protégées n'est pas uniforme dans l'espace : elle disparaît dans les régions fortement conflictuelles. |
| Keywords: | Deforestation, Mining, Protected areas, Panel data, Spatial econometrics, Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2023–04–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-04061084&r=env |
| By: | Chadha, Rajesh; Sivamani, Ganesh |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the level of criticality of 23 select minerals for India’s manufacturing sector. Various indicators quantify the criticality along the dimensions of economic importance and supply risk. Lithium, strontium, and niobium have relatively high economic importance, and heavy rare earth elements, niobium, and silicon have relatively high supply risks. This paper also projects India’s mineral needs for green technologies, including renewable electricity generation and electric vehicle manufacturing, in line with the country’s various climate change mitigation objectives over the next two decades. While India has a large mineral geological potential, many of these minerals are not readily available domestically. Hence, there will be a need for further exploration, acquiring foreign mineral assets, and strengthening supply chains. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333412&r=env |
| By: | Laichena, J.; Kiptoo, E.; Nawiko, M.; Chomba, C.; Mambwe, M.; Nkanyani, S.; Mwamakamba, S.; Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute); Ires, Idil (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agricultural production; Policies; Agribusiness; Climate-smart agriculture; Diversification; Value chains; Investment; Multi-stakeholder processes; Climate change; Technology; Farmers |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051681&r=env |
| By: | Brandes, Elke; Henseler, Martin; Kreins, Peter; Gholamreza, Shiravani; Tetzloff, Björn; Wendland, Frank; Wurpts, Andreas |
| Abstract: | The relevance of different land-based microplastic inputs to marine pollution is still largely unclear. Nevertheless, the contamination of the terrestrial environment has gained considerable public interest. In particular, the high media presence of this environmental issue reinforces calls for policy regulation of microplastic inputs to the environment. In the public perception, agriculture plays a predominant role as a polluter. However, in order to create a factual basis, it is necessary to record all sources and input pathways as well as their quantitative relevance for microplastic pollution in a system-overarching view. With the aim of an ecosystem-wide quantification of microplastic inputs and migration pathways from the land to the marginal sea, the model network MOMENTUM was developed within the PLAWES project. By linking three independent models adapted for microplastics, RAUMIS-MP, mGROWA+TeMBa, and FSK-MPTP, a model system prototype was developed, which for the first time models relevant sources and migration pathways in a river basin and the estuary. Emissions to agricultural land and diffuse discharge to surface waters, atmospheric deposition to land surfaces, point source inputs to the river system and estuary, and three-dimensional particle movement and their interaction with microorganisms and fine sediment in the coastal zone were considered. The results of the modeling are to be considered exemplary in large parts, since they are subject to large uncertainties due to still very incomplete input data sets. Nevertheless, the application of the MOMENTUM model system in the Weser river system proves the functional capability of the model to estimate the total microplastic mass flux in the catchment and estuary. The model chain was designed to be easily transferable to other regions and to integrate new data sets. By providing initial estimates of microplastic inputs and mass fluxes, the models support targeted data collection, which is highly relevant, especially given the complexity of microplastics analytics. The possibility to include all input sources, pathways and processes over a wide spatial extent contributes – complementary to sample analysis – to the improvement of the overall system understanding and forms the basis for policy advice and development of mitigation measures. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–04–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwo:333814&r=env |
| By: | Nguyen, Ha; Christian, Hayley; Le, Huong Thu; Connelly, Luke B.; Zubrick, Stephen; Mitrou, Francis |
| Abstract: | Purpose Previous studies showed that unfavourable weather conditions discourage physical activity. However, it remains unclear whether unfavourable weather conditions have a differential impact on physical activity in children compared with adults. We aim to explore the differential impact of weather on time allocation to physical activity and sleep by children and their parents. Method We use nationally representative data with time use indicators objectively measured on multiple occasions for more than 1, 100 Australian pairs of 12–13-year-old children and their middle-aged parents, coupled with daily meteorological data. We employ an individual fixed effects regression model to estimate the causal impact of weather. Results We find that unfavourable weather conditions, as measured by cold or hot temperatures or rain, cause children to reduce moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity time and increase sedentary time. However, such weather conditions have little impact on children’s sleep time or the time allocation of their parents. We also find substantial differential weather impact, especially on children’s time allocation, by weekdays/weekends and parental employment status, suggesting that these factors may contribute to explaining the differential weather impact that we observed. Our results additionally provide evidence of adaptation, as temperature appears to have a more pronounced impact on time allocation in colder months and colder regions. Conclusion Our finding of a negative impact of unfavourable weather conditions on the time allocated to physical activity by children indicates a need to design policies to encourage them to be more physically active on days with unfavourable weather conditions and hence improve child health and wellbeing. Evidence of a more pronounced and negative impact on the time allocated to physical activity by children than their parents suggests that extreme weather conditions, including those associated with climate change, could make children vulnerable to reduced physical activity. |
| Keywords: | Weather; time allocation; physical activity; sleep; family; dyad |
| JEL: | I1 I12 I13 J12 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116758&r=env |
| By: | Wu, Wenjie (Jinan University); Yang, Zhe (Jinan University); Kim, Jun Hyung (Jinan University); Yue, Ai (Shaanxi Normal University) |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses a significant threat to the development of young children, but its impacts are not well known because of data and methodological limitations. Using a unique panel study in disadvantaged rural communities, we find that exposures to low temperatures undermine subsequent cognitive development before age 5, and reduce caregiver-child interactions and material investments. Results do not support income, health and temporary disruption in cognitive performance as potential channels. By undermining children's home environment, climate change may widen socioeconomic inequalities across households by their capacity to adapt, which is severely limited among disadvantaged households. |
| Keywords: | early childhood, cognitive skills, home environment, temperature, climate change, China |
| JEL: | I14 I18 J13 P25 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16017&r=env |
| By: | Nawiko, M.; Chomba, C.; Mambwe, M.; Nkanyani, S.; Mwamakamba, S.; Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute); Ires, Idil (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agricultural policies; Agricultural production; Diversification; Climate change; Food security; Food policies; Agricultural sector; Economic development; Strategies |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051682&r=env |
| By: | Tanguy Bernard (BSE - Bordeaux Sciences Economiques - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sylvie Lambert (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Karen Macours (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Margaux Vinez |
| Abstract: | Since the 1960s, the increased availability of modern seed varieties in developing countries has had large positive effects on households' well-being. However, the effect of related land use changes on deforestation and biodiversity is ambiguous. This study examines this question through a randomized control trial in a remote area in the Congo Basin rainforest with weak input and output markets. Using plot-level data on land conversion combined with remote sensing data, we find that promotion of modern seed varieties did not lead to an increase in overall deforestation by small farmers. However, farmers cleared more primary forest and less secondary forest. We attribute this to the increased demand for nitrogen required by the use of some modern seed varieties, and to the lack of alternative sources of soil nutrients, which induced farmers to shift towards cultivation of land cleared in primary forest. Unless combined with interventions to maintain soil fertility, policies to promote modern seed varieties may come at the cost of important losses in biodiversity. |
| Keywords: | Agroecology, Agriculture, Environmental economics, Environmental impact |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04049025&r=env |
| By: | Jere Lehtomaa (Center of Economic Research, ETH Zurich, Zurichbergstrasse 18, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland); Clément Renoir (Center of Economic Research, ETH Zurich, Zurichbergstrasse 18, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | We present a new framework for estimating the long-run economic impacts of natural disasters. Our approach combines a disaster impact model with a general equilibrium model of the economy. We apply the methodology to study the effects of tropical cyclones in the United States, the Caribbean islands, Japan, China, and the Philippines. Our results show that the post-disaster recovery after a single shock can take several decades, with notable cumulative negative effects for frequently affected regions. For instance, cyclone activity reduces long-run aggregate consumption between 0.3 - 22 %, depending on the region. To evaluate the robustness of our results, we extend the model with two additional scenarios. First, we consider endogenous economic productivity gains from specialization. Second, we add a scenario where climate change alters the intensity and frequency of future disasters. The extensions slightly modify the numerical results but do not change the qualitative conclusions. |
| Keywords: | Tropical Cyclones, Climate Change, Growth, General Equilibrium |
| JEL: | C63 O11 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:23-382&r=env |
| By: | Piergiorgio Alessandri (Bank of Italy); Haroon Mumtaz (Queen Mary University of London) |
| Abstract: | We study the impact of climate volatility on economic growth exploiting data on 133 countries between 1960 and 2005. We show that the conditional (extante) volatility of annual temperatures increased steadily over time, rendering climate conditions less predictable across countries, with important implications for growth. Controlling for concomitant changes in temperatures, a +1oC increase in temperature volatility causes on average a 0.9 per cent decline in GDP growth and a 1.3 per cent increase in the volatility of GDP. Unlike changes in average temperatures, changes in temperature volatility affect both rich and poor countries. |
| Keywords: | temperature volatility; economic growth; panel VAR |
| JEL: | C32 E32 F34 |
| Date: | 2021–07–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qmw:qmwecw:928&r=env |
| By: | Aktar, Asikha; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Harun, Mukaramah |
| Abstract: | Reduced electricity demand through the implementation of an energy efficiency policy is a central pillar of the Malaysian government’s energy strategy. Energy efficiency first emerged as part of Malaysia’s energy policy agenda in 1979 but only came into force during the 2000s. Initially, it was seen from global fears about the shortage of fossil fuels, then as a way of combating climate change. This paper offers a comprehensive review of Malaysia’s energy policies with a focus on adopting policies to improve energy efficiency. Starting with Malaysia’s preliminary policy in response to the OPEC-driven global oil crisis in 1973, the paper discusses how policymakers are considering energy efficiency from Malaysia’s sustainable development perspective and what relevant government efforts have been made to improve it. The review evaluates the progress that has been made over the past 25 years to address energy efficiency in the economy and highlights the achievements and remaining difficulties. Findings show that the level of energy efficiency while having shown improvement during 1990-2015, was lower than expected. In terms of electricity intensity of GDP, Malaysia has a relatively large position among the ASEAN countries and the world’s largest electricity consumers. Researchers, scientists, and practitioners will benefit from the extensive review material of this study, which will help them better understand energy efficiency and the sustainability strategy implemented in Malaysia to date. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:9cf3a&r=env |
| By: | Felix Holub; Beate Thies |
| Abstract: | Highly skilled knowledge workers are important drivers of innovation and long-run growth. We study how air quality affects productivity and work patterns among these workers, using data from GitHub, the world’s largest coding platform. We combine panel data on daily output, working hours, and task choices for a sample of 25, 000 software developers across four continents during the period 2014-2019 with information on concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). An increase in air pollution reduces output, measured by the number of total actions performed on GitHub per day, and induces developers to adapt by working on easier tasks and by ending work activity earlier. To compensate, they work more on weekends following high-pollution days, which suggests adverse impacts on their work-life-balance. The decline in output arises even at concentrations in line with current regulatory standards in the EU and US and is driven by a reduction in individual coding activity, while interactive activities are unaffected. Exposure to PM2.5 levels above the city-specific 75th percentile reduces daily output quantity by 4%, which translates into a loss in output value by approximately $11 per developer. |
| Keywords: | Air pollution, Productivity, High-skilled work, Adaptation, GitHub |
| JEL: | D24 J22 J24 L86 Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2023_402&r=env |
| By: | Wahaj, Zujaja; Alam, Md. Mahmudul (Universiti Utara Malaysia); Al-Amin, Abul Quasem |
| Abstract: | Pandemics leave their mark quickly. This is true for all pandemics, including COVID-19. Its multifarious presence has wreaked havoc on people's physical, economic, and social life since late 2019. Despite the need for social science to save lives, it is also critical to ensure future generations are protected. COVID-19 appeared as the world grappled with the epidemic of climate change. This study suggests policymakers and practitioners address climate change and COVID-19 together. This article offers a narrative review of both pandemics' impacts. Scopus and Web of Science were sought databases. The findings are reported analytically using important works of contemporary social theorists. The analysis focuses on three interconnected themes: technology advancements have harmed vulnerable people; pandemics have macro- and micro-dimensions; and structural disparities. To conclude, we believe that collaborative effort is the key to combating COVID-19 and climate change, while understanding the lessons learnt from the industrialised world. Finally, policymakers can decrease the impact of global catastrophes by addressing many socioeconomic concerns concurrently. |
| Date: | 2022–03–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:8s26n&r=env |
| By: | Nawiko, M.; Chomba, C.; Mambwe, M.; Nkanyani, S.; Mwamakamba, S.; Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute); Ires, Idil (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agricultural policies; Agricultural sector; Diversification; Agribusiness; Climate change; Strategies; Stakeholders; Smallholders; Farmers; Livelihoods; Private sector; Investment |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051683&r=env |
| By: | Baldwin, Katherine; Williams, Brian; Tsiboe, Francis; Effland, Anne; Turner, Dylan; Pratt, Bryan; Jones, Jordan; Toossi, Saied; Hodges, Leslie |
| Abstract: | This report is the inaugural edition in a series examining annual developments in U.S. agricultural policies, focusing on policies related to production agriculture, agrofood value chains, and food and nutrition assistance. U.S. agricultural policies are designed to address multiple objectives—including providing an income safety net for agricultural producers, minimizing negative environmental impacts of agricultural production, ensuring agricultural supply chains are equipped to provide adequate quantities of safe food to consumers, and helping address food and nutrition insecurity among vulnerable populations. Different policy tools are used to meet these objectives—including cost share, direct payments, provision of credit, or access to services. Policy developments in 2021 continued to respond to the ongoing impacts of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and extreme weather. Other policy developments in 2021 were aimed at updating certain risk management tools, addressing the impacts of climate change, and supporting improved equity in access to farm programs and outreach to under-served communities. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Environmental Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Public Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023–02–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:333549&r=env |
| By: | Julien CALAS; Antoine GODIN; Etienne ESPAGNE (World Bank); Julie Maurin (AFD) |
| Abstract: | Policy Paper 12 : Global Biodiversity Scenarios - Mandarin Version This paper aims to review and compare existing global and quantitative biodiversity scenarios that could help to build a forward-looking assessment of the consequences of biodiversity loss. More broadly, it provides a literature review of existing biodiversity scenarios and models as well as an assessment of the path forward forresearch to developing scenarios for biodiversityrelated socio-economic impacts at each step of the process:from building narratives, quantifying the impacts and dependencies, assessing the uncertainty range on the results all the way from the ecosystem to the economic and financial asset.This publication is also available in English and French. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–03–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en15269&r=env |
| By: | Pejman Bahramian (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada); Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada and Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Frank Milne (Department of Economics, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada) |
| Abstract: | The Province of Ontario has had an aggressive program of introducing wind electricity generation technologies into its generation supply mix. This, combined with the rigid baseload production by nuclear and hydro plants, has created a situation where a surplus baseload electricity supply is projected for the next 20 years. Pumped hydro storage (PHS) is suggested as an economically viable technology for storing energy from non-dispatchable wind energy sources in the baseload period to be used the generate electricity in peak periods. An analytical framework has been developed to explore the feasibility of the PHS facility and to compare its cost with that of alternative gas power plants. Two situations are analyzed. First, the PHS plant uses only surplus energy for the first 20 years of operation and then is retired from the system. Second, an additional 20 years of PHS usefulness is added by making investments in wind electricity generation to provide energy for pumping. Given the capital costs of building PHS in Ontario, the conclusions of this study suggest that a PHS facility is not economically cost-effective for utilizing the projected off-peak surpluses. The economic analysis also illustrates that in the context of Ontario, the integration of PHS with wind power generation will have a further negative impact on the Canadian economy in all circumstances. This loss is borne mainly by the electricity consumers of Ontario. Even considering the cost of CO2 emissions from a world perspective, this investment is not cost-effective. It would be much better socially from a world perspective and economically from Canada's perspective if the surplus baseload electricity from Ontario were given away free to the USA. It could then be used to reduce generation by natural gas plants in the USA, hence reducing CO2 emissions globally, without any incremental economic cost to Canada. |
| Keywords: | Economic analysis, Electricity, Ontario, Pumped hydro storage, Wind power |
| JEL: | O55 D61 Q42 |
| Date: | 2023–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4605&r=env |
| By: | Antinyan, Armenak (Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University.); Corazzini, Luca |
| Abstract: | Little is known about the impact of interventions aimed at reducing the demand for singleuse plastic bags. In a natural field experiment conducted in a big supermarket chain in Armenia, we test how a nudge (information on the environmental impact of plastic), a competitive financial bonus scheme, and a free provision of reusable bags affect the demand for disposable bags. Relative to the baseline with no intervention, both the bonus and the nudge considerably reduce the purchase of disposable bags. The bonus scheme and the environmental nudge are equally effective when not combined with free reusable bags. However, the financial bonus scheme combined with a free reusable bag is a more potent catalyst of pro-environmental behavior than the environmental nudge combined with a similar bag. Individuals actively use the tote bags to ditch plastic in the presence of a competitive bonus. |
| Keywords: | pro-environmental behavior; nudge; financial bonus; reusable bag; single-use plastic bag; randomized controlled trial |
| JEL: | C93 D12 D91 H23 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdf:wpaper:2023/7&r=env |
| By: | Acosta-Smith, Jonathan (Bank of England); Guin, Benjamin (Bank of England); Salgado-Moreno, Mauricio (Bank of England); Vo, Quynh-Anh (Bank of England) |
| Abstract: | Climate-related disclosures reduce information asymmetries between firms and investors and help transition to a net zero economy. However, disclosure practices might differ across firms. We explore the determinants of firm disclosures by creating a unique, firm-level panel data set on climate-related disclosures of UK financial institutions. To that end, we apply Natural Language Processing techniques with Machine Learning classifiers on unique textual data which we hand-collected from their published reports. We document differences in disclosure levels across financial institutions with different sizes and over time. We show that climate‑related policy communications in the form of regulatory guidance on future mandatory disclosures is associated with a catch-up by firms previously disclosing less. |
| Keywords: | Climate-related disclosures; market discipline; Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and Natural Language Processing (NLP). |
| JEL: | C40 C80 G20 |
| Date: | 2023–03–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boe:boeewp:1017&r=env |
| By: | Lea Bou Sleiman |
| Abstract: | This paper shows that road-closing policies may have adverse short-run effects on pol-lution by reallocating traffic toward more congested roads. I study the impact of the2016closure of the Voie Georges Pompidou, a one-way expressway crossing downtown Paris, ontraffic and pollution displacement. To do so, I rely on a difference-in-difference strategy basedon the direction and the timing of traffic, which I implement on detailed road-sensor data.I show that the closure lowered average speed by over15% on two sets of substitute roads:central streets nearby and the already congested southern ring road. Using air quality data, I show that NO2concentrations increased by6% near the ring road and by1.5% near lo-cal roads. The reduced-form results on traffic are quantitatively consistent with a calibratedmodel of shortest route choice, which allows me to recover the underlying rerouting patterns.Even though few displaced commuters diverted to the ring road, they triggered a massivepollution increase because of the U-shaped relationship between emissions and traffic speed.Overall, I estimate that up to90% of the pollution cost was borne by lower-income residentsaround the ring road, who lived far away from the new amenity created by the closure andmostly outside the jurisdiction responsible for the closure decision. Finally, I study counter-factual closure scenarios to assess under which conditions those adverse effects could havebeen mitigated. |
| Keywords: | Congestion, Air Pollution, Public Transportation, Route Choice |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpm:docweb:2302&r=env |
| By: | Vrolijk, Kasper; Sato, Misato |
| Abstract: | A growing literature suggests that carbon emissions are most efficiently reduced by carbon pricing. The evidence base on the effectiveness of market-based mechanisms, however, faces three key limitations: studies often (a) predict, rather than evaluate effects, (b) show large difference in findings, and (c) cannot always infer causal relations. Quasi-experimental studies can address these challenges by using variation in policies over time, space, or entities. This paper systematically reviews this new literature, outlines the benefits and caveats of quasi-experimental methodologies, and verifies the reliability and value of quasi-experimental estimates. The overall evidence base documents a causal effect between carbon pricing and emission reductions, with ambiguous effects on economic outcomes, and there are important gaps and inconsistencies. This review underscores that estimates should be interpreted with care because of: (a) inappropriate choice of method, (b) incorrect implementation of empirical analysis (e.g., violate identifying assumptions), and (c) data limitations. More cross-learning across studies and use of novel empirical strategies is needed to improve the empirical evidence base going forward. |
| Keywords: | carbon pricing; quasi-experimental designs |
| JEL: | H23 Q58 C21 |
| Date: | 2023–03–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:118404&r=env |
| By: | Van Zeist, Willem-Jan; Tabeau, Andrzej; van Meijl, Hans |
| Abstract: | This study gathered views of the potential future development of the EU agri-food sectors in the long term (up to and including 2050) and investigated what this could mean for the course of action to be taken. What are the possible consequences of several driving forces – as far as they are known today – that will determine the future of EU agriculture and horticulture? The starting point was a reference scenario: how will agriculture develop if policies do not change? Several variants were then considered. The variation is related to the degree of greening (implementation of the Paris Agreement/Green Deal) and whether this greening takes place unilaterally in the EU or also globally. Another variable is the extent to which trade is further liberalised. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333490&r=env |
| By: | Paul Chiambaretto (Groupe Sup de Co Montpellier (GSCM) - Montpellier Business School); Elodie Mayenc; Hervé Chappert (UM - Université de Montpellier); Juliane Engsig (TBS - Toulouse Business School); Anne-Sophie Fernandez (UM - Université de Montpellier); Frédéric Le Roy (UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03514706&r=env |
| By: | Suchita Srinivasan (Center of Economic Research, ETH Zurich, Zurichbergstrasse 18, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland) |
| Abstract: | Can social policies assist households in coping with the effects of extreme weather events? We evaluate the role of the Indigent Program, an income-based social assistance program in South Africa that provided free electricity and water to poor households, in helping rural households adapt to drought conditions, using household-level panel data. We first analyse the impact of eligibility for the program on the likelihood of acquiring access to electricity and piped water, as well as on expenditure on these amenities, and find that program eligibility did not have a significant impact on these measures. While eligibility for the program was largely ineffective in increasing appliance adoption, electricity use, or welfare, we find that eligible households were more likely to use a borehole as their main water source, a result primarily driven by drought-affected households, suggesting a possible adaptation response facilitated by the program. In general, the benefits offered by the program may have only been marginal in facilitating significant adaptation responses, exacerbated by the fact that households in droughtaffected areas may not have enough assets/wealth to purchase durables, or to make complementary investments. Policy implications relate to the effective design of policies to enable access and use of amenities such as electricity and water, and easing access to credit to facilitate adaptation responses, as climatic conditions intensify. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eth:wpswif:23-381&r=env |
| By: | Arellano Gonzalez Jesus; Juárez-Torres Miriam; Zazueta Borboa Francisco |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we estimate the effect of temperature shocks on the price of nine vegetables with a high contribution to Mexico's non core inflation. We utilize monthly panel data of the price index of each vegetable at the city level which we combine with high resolution weather data of the producing states. For every city, we construct a relevant temperature measure by weighting the different temperatures of its supplier states using historic production shares and distance. Our findings elicit a convex U-shaped relationship between temperature and vegetable prices and a high sensitivity of the latter to contemporaneous and lagged temperature shocks that occur within their growing period. Our findings also suggest that temperature shocks may have a detrimental effect on vegetable yields which may be an important driver of the impact on prices. |
| Keywords: | Food Inflation;Weather Shocks;Vegetable Prices;Local Markets |
| JEL: | E31 Q15 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2023-02&r=env |
| By: | Alvino, Letizia (Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management) |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiutis:ed6b6a75-2a9f-4b6e-8076-940e7ec1026a&r=env |
| By: | Pascal Troxler |
| Abstract: | In the wake of stagnating demand across Alpine ski areas, new pricing regimes and recent advances in the availability of precise local weather forecasts, the relation of weather forecasts to ski demand gains new relevance. I use an activity choice framework in which agents evaluate the utility of skiing relative to alternative opportunities. Thereby, agents decide early based on forecasts or spontaneously based on observed weather outcomes. By matching the demand data of three Swiss ski areas to local forecast and weather data, I show that forecast errors affect skiing demand above the variation through weather alone. Furthermore, I find suggestive evidence that reactions to pessimistic forecast errors exceed those to optimistic errors when agents are more risk averse, less enthusiastic towards skiing or the ski area is located further into the Alps. |
| Keywords: | activity choice, skiing demand, weather, weather forecasts, forecast errors |
| JEL: | Z21 Z31 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rdv:wpaper:credresearchpaper43&r=env |
| By: | Agustin Palupi (Trisakti School of Management, Jl. Kyai Tapa No.20, Tomang, Kec. Grogol petamburan, 11440, Jakarta, Indonesia Author-2-Name: Author-2-Workplace-Name: Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - As the concept of sustainability develops in the industrial world, stakeholders are compelled to consider ESG performance when measuring company value. A company needs to increase its value and demonstrate its sustainability capabilities by publishing sustainability reports on ESG factors. This research aims to inquire whether ESG affects the firm's value. Methodology/Technique - The causality research is analyzed with Eviews using ASEAN panel data from 2019-2021 to measure the effect of ESG on firm value with a total of 738 firm years of data. Findings - Environmental performance is associated with high ecological costs in developing nations and is a burdensome additional expense that will deteriorate the company's financial condition. Disclosure of nonfinancial information jeopardizes the creation of company value, resulting from meeting the demands of stakeholders imposed on the company, thereby causing other agency conflicts. The relatively low level of investor confidence in the signal contributes to ESG performance that lowers the company's market value. Most investors respond negatively to these signals, assuming that the activities disclosed in ESG reporting are too costly and detrimental to their interests. They could be more enthralling in investing, decreasing market demand, and reducing the company's value. Novelty - This study explains the determinants of firm value from ESG scores and separate ESG scores in the ASEAN market. Type of Paper - Empirical." |
| Keywords: | ESG, Firm value, Environment score, Social score, Governance score, Sustainability |
| JEL: | F64 L50 Q25 G02 G39 M14 |
| Date: | 2023–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:afr224&r=env |
| By: | Iftikhar, Younas; Abbas, Kashaf |
| Abstract: | A Study on Emergency and Disaster Management |
| Date: | 2023–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:wuknr&r=env |
| By: | Dellink, Rob; Atarody, Laura; Bibas, Ruben; Fouré, Jean; Lanzi, Elisa |
| Abstract: | The Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) are underpinned by projections of economic activity. This paper presents methodology and results of updated projections of GDP and per capita income using the latest demographic and economic data and the latest economic insights. To ensure consistency, the same modelling tools that were used for the original economic SSP projections presented in Dellink et al. (2017) are used. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333504&r=env |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| Abstract: | In 2022, the world faced multiple crises. Disruptions to food systems from the protracted COVID-19 pandemic, major natural disasters, civil unrest and political instability, and the growing impacts of climate change continued, as the Russia-Ukraine war and inflation exacerbated a global food and fertilizer crisis. The growing number of crises, their increasing impact, and rising numbers of hungry and displaced people have galvanized calls to rethink responses to food crises, creating a real opportunity for change. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; development; food security; hunger; policy; resilience; crises |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:9780896294431&r=env |
| By: | Larosa, Francesca; Mysiak, Jaroslav; Molinari, Marco; Varelas, Panagiotis; Akay, Haluk; McDowall, Will; Spadaru, Catalina; Fuso-Nerini, Francesco; Vinuesa, Ricardo |
| Abstract: | Innovation is a key component to equip our society with tools to adapt to new climatic conditions. The development of research-action interfaces shifts useful ideas into operationalized knowledge allowing innovation to flourish. In this paper we quantify the existing gap between climate research and innovation action in Europe using a novel framework that combines artificial intelligence (AI) methods and network science. We compute the distance between key topics of research interest from peer review publications and core issues tackled by innovation projects funded by the most recent European framework programmes. Our findings reveal significant differences exist between and within the two layers. Economic incentives, agricultural and industrial processes are differently connected to adaptation and mitigation priorities. We also find a loose research-action connection in bioproducts, biotechnologies and risk assessment practices, where applications are still too few compared to the research insights. Our analysis supports policy-makers to measure and track how research funding result in innovation action, and to adjust decisions if stated priorities are not achieved. |
| Keywords: | climate innovation; natural language processing; knwoledge production |
| JEL: | H54 O32 O33 O38 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116771&r=env |
| By: | Bell, Jennifer (Bank of England); Battisti, Giuliana (Warwick Business School); Guin, Benjamin (Bank of England) |
| Abstract: | Shocks to energy prices can have a direct impact on homeowners’ disposable income, affecting their ability to pay their mortgage. Properties’ energy efficiency can provide some protection against the transition risk of rising energy costs. Anecdotally, lenders appear to be increasingly differentiating mortgage interest rates based on energy efficiency. But did lenders account for it before relevant regulatory interventions came in? We estimate standard mortgage pricing models using a unique data set of 1.8 million mortgages originated in the United Kingdom pre-2018. We find no evidence of lenders charging higher rates on riskier mortgages against energy-inefficient properties. Overall, our findings do not provide conclusive evidence that lenders took energy efficiency into account when setting interest rates prior to regulatory interventions. |
| Keywords: | Mortgage pricing; energy efficiency; climate change; transition risk |
| JEL: | G21 Q40 |
| Date: | 2023–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boe:boeewp:1016&r=env |
| By: | Sinem Kilic Celik; M. Ayhan Kose; Franziska Ohnsorge |
| Abstract: | Potential output growth around the world slowed over the past two decades. This slowdown is expected to continue in the remainder of the 2020s: global potential growth is projected to average 2.2 percent per year in 2022-30, 0.4 percentage point below its 2011-21 average. Emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) will face an even steeper slowdown, of about 1.0 percentage point to 4.0 percent per year on average during 2022-30. The slowdown will be widespread, affecting most EMDEs and countries accounting for 70 percent of global GDP. Global potential growth over the remainder of this decade could be even slower than projected in the baseline scenario—by another 0.2-0.9 percentage point a year—if investment growth, improvements in health and education outcomes, or developments in labor markets disappoint, or if adverse events materialize. A menu of policy options is available to help reverse the trend of weakening economic growth, including policies to enhance physical and human capital accumulation; to encourage labor force participation by women and older adults; to improve the efficiency of public spending; and to mitigate and adapt to climate change, including infrastructure investment to facilitate the green transition. |
| Keywords: | production function, growth expectations, emerging markets, developing economies |
| JEL: | E30 E32 E37 O20 |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2023-19&r=env |
| By: | Costantiello, Alberto; Leogrande, Angelo |
| Abstract: | In this article, we estimate the role of Political Stability and Absence of Violence and Terrorism-PS in the context of Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG data at world level. We analyse data from 193 countries in the period 2011-2020. We apply Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects and Pooled Ordinary Least Square-OLS. We found that PS is positively associated, among others, to Population Density and Government Effectiveness, and negatively associated, among others, to Research and Development Expenditure and Maximum 5-day Rainfall. Furthermore, we apply the k-Means algorithm optimized with the application of the Elbow Method and we find the presence of four clusters. Finally, we propose a confrontation among eight different machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of PS and we find that the Polynomial Regression shows the higher performance. The Polynomial Regression predicts an increase in the level of PS of 0.25% on average for the analysed countries. |
| Keywords: | Analysis of Collective Decision-Making; General; Political Processes: Rent-Seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behaviour; Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption; Positive Analysis of Policy Formulation; Implementation |
| JEL: | D7 D70 D72 D73 D78 |
| Date: | 2023–04–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116887&r=env |
| By: | Michael Grubb (University College London, Institute of Sustainable Resources); Paul Drummond (University College London, Institute of Sustainable Resource); Serguey Maximov (University College London, Institute of Sustainable Resource) |
| Abstract: | This paper develops a detailed proposal for an efficient way to channel the value of large-scale renewables, which have become much cheaper than gas-driven wholesale electricity prices, to consumers at 'cost-plus' prices. This would reduce the fiscal pressure on governments for market-wide subsidies and offer more stable support for consumers most in need. We detail how this 'green power pool' approach could interact with the wholesale market to ensure firm power, also bringing transparency to the cost of balancing the variable renewables output, and maintaining incentives for efficient supply and demand responses. We illustrate the approach with reference to the cost and volume trajectories of UK renewables backed by government CfDs, targeted initially to particular consumer groups, as a first step in a wider transition towards direct consumer access to cheap renewables. |
| Keywords: | Electricity market design; energy crisis; renewable energy; CfD; long-run contracts; energy transition; energy poverty |
| JEL: | L16 L51 L94 L98 Q4 Q28 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:thk:wpaper:inetwp193&r=env |
| By: | Liza Baghioni (CEREQ - Centre d'études et de recherches sur les qualifications - ministère de l'Emploi, cohésion sociale et logement - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche); Nathalie Moncel (CEREQ - Centre d'études et de recherches sur les qualifications - ministère de l'Emploi, cohésion sociale et logement - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) |
| Abstract: | Que sait-on de la façon dont la « transition écologique et énergétique », selon la terminologie en vigueur dans les politiques publiques françaises, transforme les activités et les emplois ? Alors que l'on peine encore à mesurer l'ampleur et la nature du verdissement des métiers, comment les acteurs de la formation et les entreprises se positionnent-ils pour favoriser l'écologisation des activités ? À partir d'un ensemble d'échanges et de travaux, ce Céreq Bref dresse un premier panorama de ces questions, entre enjeux systémiques et recompositions des compétences. |
| Keywords: | Compétence, Développement durable, Ecologie, Besoin en éducation, Métier de l'environnement, Gestion prévisionnelle, Prospective de l'emploi, Evolution des qualifications |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04047217&r=env |
| By: | Jean-Philippe Colin (SENS - Savoirs, ENvironnement et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Olivier Petit (CLERSÉ - Centre Lillois d’Études et de Recherches Sociologiques et Économiques - UMR 8019 - Université de Lille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UA - Université d'Artois) |
| Abstract: | There is a large literature on irrigated systems, but few studies explicitly and concomitantly address the issue of the relationships between access to land and access to water. This programmatic paper brings to the fore elements to grasp these relationships developing countries. It first presents a conceptual framework, then mobilized to explore the convergences and divergences regarding the access to water and land. Thirdly, the paper considers the interdependencies between accessing water and land, by identifying the situations in which access to one of the resources conditions access to the other. |
| Abstract: | La littérature sur les systèmes irrigués est abondante, mais rares sont les études qui abordent explicitement et de façon concomitante les rapports entre accès à la terre et accès à l'eau. Ce texte programmatique propose des « angles d'attaque » pour saisir ces rapports en agriculture irriguée dans les pays du Sud, à partir d'une lecture en termes de droits qui légitiment et organisent le contrôle et l'usage d'un bien ou d'une ressource, le contrôle sur le produit de cet usage et le transfert de ce bien ou de cette ressource. Il présente d'abord un cadre conceptuel, qu'il mobilise ensuite pour explorer les convergences et les divergences dans l'accès à l'eau et à la terre. Dans un troisième temps, le texte envisage les interdépendances entre accès à l'eau et accès à la terre, en identifiant les situations dans lesquelles l'accès à l'une des ressources conditionne l'accès à ou l'usage fait de l'autre. |
| Keywords: | Irrigation, land rights, water rights, developing countries, accès à la terre, droits sur la terre, droits sur l’eau, pays en développement |
| Date: | 2022–11–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03986503&r=env |
| By: | Sarwal, Rakesh |
| Abstract: | Malnutrition and lack of access to water and sanitation are responsible for one third of disability Adjusted Life Years lost in developing countries, and 62% of under-five mortality worldwide. Both factors are preventable, but persist as risks largely among the poor, 75% of whom live in rural area and depend on agriculture for livelihood. In the context of water and sanitation, Shuval suggests that a segmental approach for addressing the numerous handicaps that the poor face are unlikely to be successful, while a multi-dimensional intervention is likely to work synergistically. Income, and food security of the rural people are linked to their agricultural practices, which in turn is largely dependent on availability of irrigation. Water collection time is a good marker of thee dimensions of access to drinking water - quantity, quality and ease of availability - all of which impact health. Water, thus, is a common, distal determinant of health and income of people in rural areas of low-income countries. We studied the independent and combined effects of better access to water in rural, under-developed areas of Rajasthan, India. We also evaluated a community driven rural development project, piloted by TBS, a Non Governmental Organization, that constructed ponds to harvest rainwater and recharge groundwater, and thereby improved access to water for drinking and irrigation. Our outcomes were under-five mortality and anthropometry, which are the best indicators of population health, and are appropriate for evaluation of both agricultural and water projects. We used a combined retrospective cohort and cross-sectional design, benefiting from the high reliabilities of maternal birth histories, to evaluate the TBS project. Through a survey in 2004, we collected data on 1838 households and 1925 ever married women aged 15-49 years, weighed and measured 1715 children aged 0-59 months and their mothers. Our findings reveal the protective effects of: (i) Closer access to drinking water (i.e. 10 minutes or less of collection time) on risk of stunting among children (OR: 0.70, p<.1), (ii) Multiple cropping (a correlate of irrigation) on risk of stunting (OR: 0.53, p<.05), wasting (OR: 0.67, p<.1), and (iii) Irrigable land with the household on under-five mortality (Incidence Rate Ratio 0.78, p<.05 for one standard deviation increase). Closer access to water and multiple cropping were associated with multiplicative benefits in lowering the risk of stunting, though neither of them was protective in households with only a minimal access to the other. We identified better dietary intake by children and mothers, lower risk of diarrhea among children and low Body Mass Index among women, and higher incomes as pathways. We found weak evidence that the TBS project helped reverse the deteriorating trend in child survival, and reduced the prevalence of stunting relative to the control area. Our findings vindicate the role of water as an underlying determinant of health and income. We suggest that governments and developmental agencies should: • In rural areas, plan for improving access to water for both drinking and irrigation in a sustainable manner with community involvement; • Promote integrated delivery of inputs, drinking water and irrigation being mere examples, not only because of the likely synergisms, but also because a segmental approach is unlikely to benefit those who might need them the most. Even though water interventions are largely engineering based, public health professionals should play a proactive role in promoting access, in conjunction with other public health inputs. |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:s58cj&r=env |
| By: | Alexandre Garel (Audencia Business School); Arthur Romec (Toulouse Business School); Zacharias Sautner (Frankfurt School of Finance & Management; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI)); Alexander F. Wagner (University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI); Swiss Finance Institute) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a new proprietary measure of a firm's negative impact on biodiversity, the corporate biodiversity footprint, and studies whether it is priced in the cross-section of stock returns. Using an international sample of firms, we find no evidence that the biodiversity footprint explains these returns, on average. However, event-study evidence shows that, following the UN Biodiversity Conference (COP15), which raised awareness of biodiversity issues, however, firms with larger corporate biodiversity footprints lost value. This response is consistent with investors revising their valuation of these firms downward upon the prospect that regulations to preserve biodiversity will become more stringent. |
| Keywords: | Biodiversity, Corporate Biodiversity Footprint, Stock returns |
| JEL: | G12 G30 Q5 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2324&r=env |
| By: | Carlson, Andrea; Greene, Catherine; Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon; Hitaj, Claudia; Ha, Kim; Cavigelli, Michel; Ferrier, Peyton; McBride, William |
| Abstract: | Organic agriculture can support global and domestic food needs, expand consumer food choices, enhance farm profitability, and increase agricultural sustainability. Public policy has played a key role in the development of the organic industry in the United States, beginning with the passage of the Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 and the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) subsequent publication of national organic rules in 2000. While U.S. organic acreage was still only 1 percent of U.S. farmland in 2019, organic farm sales accounted for about 3 percent of U.S. farm receipts. Consumer demand for organically produced products has driven an expansion in U.S. organic production since 2000. The premiums paid by consumers give farmers the opportunity to recover the cost of production and improve their financial well-being. This report describes U.S. organic policy initiatives since 2000 and examines the importance of investment in research on organic practices. The report also investigates key components of organic supply chains—including production, certification, farm-level costs and returns, wholesale markets, and industry structure—along with the evolving characteristics of organic food consumers and retail markets. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Consumer/Household Economics, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Health Economics and Policy, Industrial Organization, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, Production Economics, Public Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2023–03–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usdami:333551&r=env |
| By: | Jean-Robert Agher (ENSAM - École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers - Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); Patrice Dubois (ENSAM - École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers - Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université); Améziane Aoussat (ENSAM - École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers - Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies - HESAM - HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université) |
| Abstract: | Product-service system (PSS) innovation is acknowledged as a promising way to achieve sustainability through better exploitation of given resources. Nevertheless, PSS implementation is also described as increasing failure risk for companies. Despite that authors have identified paradoxical situations as a source of failure while implementing PSS, few researches have focused on understanding the origin of these paradoxes. In this review, we aim at understanding how methodologies cope with the challenges of designing PSS throughout the complete company perimeter as well as how to manage interactions within this perimeter to avoid potential paradoxes and thus failure. To do so, we will rely on the business model innovation literature and, more specifically, the business model canvas to define and discretize the company perimeter. As for the interactions and their imbrication regarding paradoxes appearance, we will refer to Putnam et al. theory to gain deeper understanding of paradoxes-appearance mechanism. Our bibliometric strategy brought us to analyze 14 international articles via our graph, enabling us to highlight that some poles' interactions during design are partly unaddressed, resulting potentially in the creation of tension sources and therefore potential paradoxes and ultimately implementation failure. Considering this, future research works could focus on defining all significant interactions to consider while designing a PSS as well as the typology of answers to engage while facing tensions. In that respect, these works could provide actionable solutions to lower PSS implementation-failure risk, thus benefiting those who wish to achieve better sustainability through PSS. |
| Keywords: | product-service paradoxes sustainable product service product-service system innovation product-service systems design methodology product-service systems business model, product-service paradoxes, sustainable product service, product-service system innovation, product-service systems design methodology, product-service systems business model |
| Date: | 2021–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03983127&r=env |
| By: | Gorosito, Silvina Marcela; Rodriguez, Julieta A.; Puchi, Marcos; D'Onofrio, Paula |
| Abstract: | Este trabajo es transversal a dos proyectos de investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata "Responsabilidad social. Una propuesta desde la contabilidad social y ambiental para empresas clave de la región", llevado a cabo entre 2020-2021 y "Responsabilidad Social Empresaria en el Partido de General Pueyrredon. Articulación con actores clave para el desarrollo local desde el enfoque de la contabilidad social, ambiental y de gestión", en actual desarrollo. El objetivo de este trabajo es evidenciar y clasificar las acciones de RSE realizadas por las empresas bajo estudio. El marco de análisis se centró dentro de los segmentos de la Contabilidad Gerencial y de la Contabilidad social, en esta última haciendo foco en las teorías de la Legitimidad y los Grupos de interés o Stakeholders. Desde el año 2020 se han realizado 16 entrevistas a empresas claves de la región. En primera instancia se buscaron empresas que manifestaban compromiso con la responsabilidad social al estar nucleadas en redes de acciones colectivas en esa línea. Luego, este marco, se fue abriendo a otras redes y empresas interesadas. Las entrevistas semiestructuradas nos permitieron conocer las diferentes acciones sociales y ambientales de las organizaciones. Entendemos que al profundizarse el aislamiento social obligatorio como consecuencia de la pandemia originada por el COVID-19, las líneas sociales tuvieron mayor desarrollo, y se profundizó más en la asistencia y generación de valor que en la presentación de información hacia terceros. Los mayores focos de atención puestos por las organizaciones se centran en relaciones con ONG, sociedades de fomento y sociedad civil, lo cual es consistente con el tipo de organizaciones ya que son empresas de mediana envergadura y de alta injerencia en el accionar local. También se promueve el desarrollo de talleres de oficio y la inclusión laboral de los sectores vulnerables. La historia muestra que el sector empresarial desarrolla la economía de un país, el sector privado es el que emprende, crea empleo, y genera riqueza, pero la mejor manera de hacerlo es desde el compromiso real y sostenible con las necesidades circundantes. |
| Keywords: | Responsabilidad Social; Empresas; Contabilidad Social; Partido de General Pueyrredon; |
| Date: | 2022–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3845&r=env |
| By: | Sartori, Martina; Ferrari, Emanuele; Simola, Antti |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the economic impacts of soil erosion on the African continent in 2050. Soil erosion rates are converted into land productivity losses and fed the MAGNET CGE model. Preliminary results suggest that declining productivity in agriculture arising from the deterioration of the land factor will have a negative and unevenly distributed economic impact on the African economies. The most affected countries will be Nigeria and those located in the central-eastern region. |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333487&r=env |
| By: | Khan, Haider |
| Abstract: | I define ecological imperialism under global capitalism rigorously by following a circuit of capital approach grounded in a dialectical scientific realist epistemology and ontology. I show that a theory of imperialism and ecological imperialism can be constructed by extending the classical circuits of capital to conceptualize a set of international circuits of capital. The dynamic theory thus constructed can analyze a diverse set of social, economic and political phenomena such as the global race for resources, new social and political movements and regional and global instabilities and conflicts. The extension of this theory of ecological imperialism to encompass world systems theory gives the ontological grounds for privileging concrete studies of situations in core-periphery-semi-periphery of the world system in a coherent and consistent manner. |
| Keywords: | ecological imperialism, world systems theory, circuits of capital, international circuits of capital, monopoly capital, categorial dialectics, resistance |
| JEL: | B5 G0 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:116844&r=env |
| By: | Anne Delanoë (CEREQ - Centre d'études et de recherches sur les qualifications - ministère de l'Emploi, cohésion sociale et logement - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche); Nathalie Moncel (CEREQ - Centre d'études et de recherches sur les qualifications - ministère de l'Emploi, cohésion sociale et logement - M.E.N.E.S.R. - Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche) |
| Abstract: | Ecolabel, HQE, ISO… derrière ces termes techniques se cachent l'ensemble des démarches, labels ou certifications visant à inciter les entreprises à produire sans détruire l'environnement. Ces normes relèvent en partie d'obligations légales, mais aussi largement de l'engagement volontaire des entreprises. Dès lors, qu'en est-il de leur diffusion effective au sein du système de production et d'emploi ? Pour l'évaluer, ce Céreq Bref propose une première approche statistique de leur poids dans l'activité de travail et la formation des salariés. |
| Keywords: | Ecologie, Formation professionnelle en entreprise, Enquête DEFIS, Norme, Evolution des qualifications |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03979148&r=env |
| By: | Catalin Dragomirescu-Gaina; Emilios Galariotis (Audencia Business School); Dionisis Philippas |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03142447&r=env |
| By: | Julien CALAS; Antoine GODIN; Julie MAURIN (AFD); Etienne ESPAGNE (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | Le présent document a pour objectif d’analyser et de comparer les différents scénarios quantitatifs et mondiaux établis en matière de biodiversité, afin de pouvoir réaliser une évaluation prospective des conséquences d’une perte de biodiversité. Plus globalement, nous proposons une revue de la littérature relative aux scénarios et aux modèles de biodiversité existants, ainsi qu’une évaluation des approches pouvant être adoptées par les chercheurs pour établir des scénarios d’impacts socioéconomiques liés à la biodiversité, et ce à chaque étape du processus : de la formulation du narratif à la quantification des impacts et des dépendances, en passant par l’évaluation des marges d’incertitude, en couvrant toutes les étapes depuis l’écosystème jusqu’aux actifs économiques et financiers.Ce Policy Paper est également disponible en mandarin. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2023–03–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr14790&r=env |
| By: | Marina Rodes Sanchez;Boris Rachev;Julia Spencer;Isha Sharma;Anupama Tantri;Rachel Mitrovich;Adrian Towse;Lotte Steuten |
| Abstract: | By placing a strain on health care systems and the global economy, the COVID-19 pandemic clearly shows the need to more comprehensively understand both supply- and demand-side aspects of a “healthy” vaccines market that can meet public health demand over time and across dynamic events. The goal of a healthy vaccines market, as defined for this study, is to support sustainable innovation and equitable access to address public health needs. Current frameworks that describe the global vaccines market, however, focus primarily on demand-side activities in low- and lower-middle income countries. Further, they do not fully reflect the interconnectedness of national and regional vaccine markets that comprise the global vaccines ecosystem. They do not account for spill-over effects of market-shaping activities (e.g. demand forecasting and procurement) across markets and across time. This motivated the development of a more comprehensive Healthy Vaccines Market Framework (HVMF), based on literature review and expert interviews, and applied this to the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study analysis. The HVMF shows how the characteristics of a healthy vaccine market hinge on supply- and demand-side activities and policies that cut across multiple markets. It helps illustrate how challenges in the global vaccines market may be rooted in multiple factors across a market and how market-shaping interventions aimed at addressing a single challenge in a single market can strengthen or undermine the overall health of the global vaccines market in the short- and long-term. Another critical component of the HVMF is that it draws attention to the diverse set of stakeholders actively engaged in market-shaping activities at the national, regional, and global levels. Given such a complex set of dynamics, it is critical that all actors shaping the global vaccines market understand the broader implications and interconnectedness of individual supply- and demand-side activities and how they shape the global marketplace collectively. In working towards a sustainable, healthy market for vaccines, the HVMF can serve as a comprehensive framework to support policy dialogue and decision-making. |
| Keywords: | Working Towards a Sustainable, Healthy Market for Vaccines: a Comprehensive Framework to Support Policy Dialogue and Decision-Making |
| JEL: | I1 |
| Date: | 2021–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ohe:conres:002359&r=env |