|
on Environmental Economics |
|
Issue of 2022‒08‒29
ninety-two papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Wang, Zhan; Liu, Jing |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322560&r= |
| By: | Gerling, Charlotte; Drechsler, Martin; Keuler, Klaus; Sturm, Astrid; Wätzold, Frank |
| Abstract: | Climate change is one of the largest threats for biodiversity as changing climatic conditions often make existing habitat sites less suitable. This poses new challenges for species conservation, in particular in agricultural landscapes, where climate change may also induce modifications in agricultural land use. To conserve species in agricultural landscapes, agri-environment schemes (AES), which compensate farmers for implementing conservation measures are commonly used. However, current research on the cost-effective design of AES largely ignores necessary adaptations of conservation measures given climate change. We develop a climate-ecological-economic (CEE) model to examine how the cost-effective design of AES has to be modified under climate change. We apply the model to the conservation of eight meadow bird species in Northern Germany and determine the cost-effective conservation measures under recent and future climatic conditions. We find that the timing of conservation measures in the AES needs to be changed in the RCP8.5 scenario given the species’ phenological adaptations and the impact of extreme events (inundations) on costs. The novelty of the research lies in the development of a CEE model which considers both spatial and temporal changes in costs and benefits to develop recommendations for the cost-effective design of AES under climate change. |
| Keywords: | agri-environment scheme, climate change, climate-ecological-economic model, conservation measure, cost-effectiveness, desynchronization, ecological-economic model, payments for ecosystem services (PES) |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q54 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–07–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:113877&r= |
| By: | Ringler, C.; Belete, A. A.; Mathetsa, S. M.; Uhlenbrook, Stefan |
| Keywords: | Energy technology; Rural areas; Climate change; Resilience; Food security; Solar energy; Innovation; Investment; Water resources; Environmental impact; Ecosystems; Livelihoods; Women; Incentives |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051148&r= |
| By: | Raphael Abiry (Goethe University Frankfurt (E-mail: abiry.econ@gmail.com)); Marien Ferdinandusse (European Central Bank (E-mail: marine.ferdinandusse@ecb.europa.eu)); Alexander Ludwig (Goethe University Frankfurt, ICIR & CEPR (E-mail: mail@alexander-ludwig.com)); Carolin Nerlich (European Central Bank (E-mail: Carolin.Nerlich@ecb.europa.eu)) |
| Abstract: | We develop a two sector incomplete markets integrated assessment model to analyze the effectiveness of green quantitative easing (QE) in complementing fiscal policies for climate change mitigation. We model green QE through an outstanding stock of private assets held by a monetary authority and its portfolio allocation between a clean and a dirty sector of production. Green QE leads to a partial crowding out of private capital in the green sector and to a modest reduction of the global temperature by 0.04 degrees of Celsius until 2100. A moderate global carbon tax of 50 USD is 4 times more effective. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Integrated Assessment Model, 2-Sector Model, Green Quantitative Easing, Carbon Taxation |
| JEL: | E51 E62 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ime:imedps:22-e-11&r= |
| By: | Mensah, Edouard R.; Filipski, Mateusz J. |
| Keywords: | International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322266&r= |
| By: | Nico, Gianluigi; Azzarri, Carlo |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322503&r= |
| By: | Ozili, Peterson K |
| Abstract: | This article discusses the need for climate change risk mitigation and why it is not the responsibility of Central Banks to mitigate climate change risk. The paper argues that the responsibility for managing climate change risk should lie with elected officials, other groups and institutions but not Central Banks. Elected officials, or politicians, should be held responsible to deal with the consequence of climate change events. Also, international organizations and everybody can take responsibility for climate change while the Central Bank can provide assistance - but Central Banks should not lead the climate policy making or mitigation agenda. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, environment, Central Bank, government, atmosphere, financial stability, risk management, climate change risk, financial sector, responsibility, financial institutions. |
| JEL: | G28 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:113468&r= |
| By: | Hadunka, Protensia; Baylis, Kathy |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322075&r= |
| By: | Cronin, Stephen B |
| Abstract: | According to the Environmental Protection Agency’s National Emissions Inventory Report, hundreds of thousands of tons of particulate matter (PM2.5) are released by diesel combustion per year. The toxic PM2.5 air pollution causes serious public health problems and is responsible for millions of worldwide deaths each year. This study investigates the electrochemical energy storage capability of annealed soot PM originating from diesel exhaust. Soot composite electrodes were utilized as anode electrodes and cycled against Li counter electrodes. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed the graphitized carbon structure of the annealed soot particles. The cycle life and rate-capability of the electrodes were investigated via galvanostatic cycling tests. The electrodes exhibited excellent rate performance with discharge capacities of 235, 195, 150, 120, and 80 mAh/g when cycled at rates of 1C, 2C, 5C, 10C, and 20C, respectively. The electrode demonstrated an initial discharge capacity of 154 mAh/g at 4C rate with a capacity retention of almost 77% after 500 cycles. Raman analysis confirms the retention of structural ordering in the soot carbon after 500 cycles. Kinetic analysis, obtained through cyclic voltammetry at different scan rates, indicates pseudocapacitive charging behavior in the soot composite electrode. The study provides a viable pathway towards a sustainable energy-environment by converting an abundant toxic pollutant into a valuable electrode material for Li-ion batteries. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Particulate matter, Pseudocapacitive, Li-ion battery, Diesel soot, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8p34d2k6&r= |
| By: | Landry, Craig; Syphers, Steven; Keeler, Andrew |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322385&r= |
| By: | Egbendewe, Aklesso Y. G.; Yevesse, Dandonougbo |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322481&r= |
| By: | Koo, J.; Kramer, B.; Langan, Simon; Ghosh, A.; Monsalue, A. G.; Lunt, T. |
| Keywords: | Digital technology; Innovation; Data; Agrifood systems; Sustainability; Climate change; Risk; Weather forecasting; Digital divide; Access to information; Policies; Women |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h051155&r= |
| By: | Severin Borenstein; Ryan Kellogg |
| Abstract: | We categorize the primary incentive-based mechanisms under consideration for addressing greenhouse gas emissions from electricity generation—pricing carbon, setting intensity standards, and subsidizing clean energy—and compare their market outcomes under similar expansions of clean electricity generation. While pricing emissions gives strong incentives to first eliminate generation with the highest social cost, a clean energy standard incentivizes earliest phaseout of the generation with the highest private cost. We show that the importance of this distinction depends on the correlation between private costs and emissions rates. We then estimate this correlation for US electricity generation and fuel prices as of 2019. The results indicate that the emissions difference between a carbon tax and clean energy standard that phase out fossil fuel generation over the same timeframe may actually be quite small, though it depends on fossil fuel prices during the phaseout. We also discuss how each of these policy options is likely to impact electricity prices, quantity demanded, government revenue, and economic efficiency. Large pre-existing markups of retail electricity prices over marginal costs are likely to considerably weaken or even reverse the usual assumed efficiency advantage of carbon pricing policies over alternatives, including direct subsidization of clean electricity generation. |
| JEL: | L94 Q52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30263&r= |
| By: | Antoine Dechezleprêtre; Adrien Fabre; Tobias Kruse; Bluebery Planterose; Ana Sanchez Chico; Stefanie Stantcheva |
| Abstract: | Using new surveys on more than 40,000 respondents in twenty countries that account for 72% of global CO2 emissions, we study the understanding of and attitudes toward climate change and climate policies. We show that, across countries, support for climate policies hinges on three key perceptions centered around the effectiveness of the policies in reducing emissions (effectiveness concerns), their distributional impacts on lower-income households (inequality concerns), and their impact on the respondents’ household (self-interest). We show experimentally that information specifically ad-dressing these key concerns can substantially increase the support for climate policies in many countries. Explaining how policies work and who can benefit from them is critical to foster policy support, whereas simply informing people about the impacts of climate change is not effective. Furthermore, we identify several socioeconomic and lifestyle factors – most notably education, political leanings, and availability of public transportation – that are significantly correlated with both policy views and overall reasoning and beliefs about climate policies. However, it is difficult to predict beliefs or policy views based on these characteristics only. |
| JEL: | D78 H23 P48 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30265&r= |
| By: | Eleni Fotopoulou (National Technical University of Athens); Ioanna Mandilara (National Technical University of Athens); Anastasios Zafeiropoulos (National Technical University of Athens); Chrysi Laspidou (University of Thessaly); Giannis Adamos (University of Thessaly); Phoebe Koundouri; Symeon Papavassiliou (National Technical University of Athens) |
| Abstract: | The development of solutions to manage or mitigate climate change impacts is very challenging, given the complexity and dynamicity of the socio-environmental and socio-ecological systems that have to be modeled and analyzed to include qualitative variables that are not so easily quantifiable. The existence of qualitative, interoperable and well-interlinked data is considered a must to support this objective, since scientists from different disciplines will have no option but to collaborate and co-design solutions, overcoming barriers related to the semantic mis-alignment of the plethora of available data, the existence of multiple data silos that cannot be easily and jointly processed, and the lack of data quality in many of the produced datasets. In the current work, we present SustainGraph, as a Knowledge Graph that is developed to track information related to the evolution of targets defined in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at national and regional level. SustainGraph aims to act as a unified source of knowledge around information related to the SDGs, by taking advantage of the power provided by the development of graph databases and the exploitation of Machine Learning (ML) techniques for data population, knowledge production and analysis purposes. The main concepts represented in SustainGraph are detailed, while indicative usage scenarios are provided. A set of opportunities to take advantage of SustainGraph and open research areas are identified and presented. |
| Keywords: | Knowledge Graph, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Systems Innovation Approach, Climate Change Impact, Participatory Modeling, Graph Database |
| Date: | 2022–07–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2220&r= |
| By: | Wang, Lingxiao; Rutherford, Thomas F. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322425&r= |
| By: | Mario Bajo (Banco de España); Emilio Rodríguez (Banco de España) |
| Abstract: | Institutional investors, aware of the need to incorporate climate change as an additional risk factor into portfolio management, show a growing appetite for integrating Sustainable and Responsible Investment (SRI) criteria into their investment processes. Within a passive management context, this paper analyses, from a practical point of view, the inclusion of such criteria in the construction of corporate bond portfolios, thus incorporating a new dimension into the asset allocation process. We study the decarbonisation of a euro area corporate bond portfolio by constructing the efficient frontier, which shows the trade-off between the portfolio’s decarbonisation possibilities and the cost assumed in terms of deviation from the benchmark portfolio. We also analyse the impact of decarbonisation on the different risk-return parameters during the asset reallocation process. Finally, we present the main green investment strategies that investors can use to incorporate sustainability criteria into corporate bond portfolios’ design, introducing the Green-Parity approach as a complementary strategy to the available toolkit. The result of our empirical analysis, for the selected investment universe and sample period, shows that sustainability-conscious corporate bond investors have at their disposal different strategies that will allow them to achieve their decarbonisation objective without having to deviate significantly from their benchmark portfolio and to adequately meet the purely financial goals dictated by their investment mandate. |
| Keywords: | sustainable investments, carbon footprint, decarbonisation, climate risk, fixed income portfolio management, asset allocation, Green-Parity |
| JEL: | G10 G11 G12 M14 Q50 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:2226&r= |
| By: | Kopp, Thomas; Nabernegg, Markus K. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Development |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322125&r= |
| By: | Mohamed Elmoukhtar (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Fatima Touhami (Laboratoire de recherche multidisciplinaire en économie et gestion, USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Othmane Taouabit (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Imane Mouhtat (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane) |
| Abstract: | Over the last twenty years, and since the United Nations World Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), the theme of the green economy and its impact on sustainable development has prompted many researchers to reflect in depth on the global movement towards a more equitable and sustainable economy, towards a "green economy", generating a total commitment across the world. Morocco, like several other governments, has often given great importance in its stimulus programmes to green entrepreneurs, through the granting of research credits to stimulate innovation, or loan guarantees, or tax breaks or incentives for business creation. The choice of this theme fits perfectly into the current context of our country, marked by the debates on the new development model. Today, Morocco is charting its path towards development by putting in place very ambitious strategies characterised by the adoption of new educational, social, economic and financial programmes. Green entrepreneurship is therefore an asset to accompany the country in its economic, technological and environmental transition. It constitutes a new economic and development dynamic in full evolution in a context of awareness of global environmental issues. Can we therefore consider the promotion of green entrepreneurship in Morocco as an asset for a sustainable territorial development of the country? The aim of our study is to analyse the contribution of green entrepreneurship to the development of the country using the SWOT analytical tool and to draw some conclusions and recommendations. |
| Keywords: | Green economy,green entrepreneurship,sustainable development,literature review. JEL Classification: Q56 Paper type: Theoretical Research |
| Date: | 2022–06–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03707895&r= |
| By: | Kimon Keramidas; Silvana Mima (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Adrien Bidaud |
| Abstract: | Scenarios modelled with POLES, derived from JRC GECO 2021 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/geco | All results from 1.5°C scenario: world carbon price logistic over 2021-2100, at 1200 USD/tCO 2 in 2050 |
| Date: | 2022–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03711013&r= |
| By: | Wardle, Arthur R.; Akhundjanov, Sherzod B. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322199&r= |
| By: | Yulia Vymyatnina; Aleksandr Chernykh |
| Abstract: | In this paper we test whether environmental characteristics of assets influence their returns for the case of Russian financial market. Our main hypothesis based on the relevant literature is that if a spread between ``greenÕÕ and ``brownÕÕ assetsÕ yield exists, it should be in favour of the brown assets. We employ relevant econometric models separately for stocks and for bonds. For the stock market we used realized returns and estimated the role of the green factor in the yield using the three-factor Fama-French model. While the resulting coefficient was not significant, on the whole we have observed that the realized return of the climate-risk hedge portfolio had a negative value over a nearly ten-year observation period. We have also demonstrated the applicability of the green factor calculations for estimating the degree of climate risk exposure for individual companies. Using data on a number of green bonds and their chosen ``twinÕÕ bonds, we calculate the difference in the premium in the yield to maturity over that of a similar government bond for all pairs of ``twinÕÕ bonds and proceed to check if this difference is significant, and if it can be attributed to the Greenium factor. We find that over the stable period in Russian financial markets (allowing for the most stable results) ``greenÕÕ bonds have lower yield to maturity Ñ a result that is in line with previous results for other markets and suggests that green financing might be cheaper for companies. On the whole our results suggest that environmental considerations might be relevant in the Russian financial market during stable macroeconomic periods. |
| Keywords: | ESG, sustainable investing, Greenium, Russia |
| JEL: | G10 G12 |
| Date: | 2022–08–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eus:wpaper:ec2022_01&r= |
| By: | Steve Cicala; David Hémous; Morten G. Olsen |
| Abstract: | This paper applies principles of adverse selection to overcome obstacles that prevent the implementation of Pigouvian policies to internalize externalities. Focusing on negative externalities from production (such as pollution), we consider settings in which aggregate emissions are known, but individual contributions are unobserved by the government. We evaluate a policy that gives firms the option to pay a tax on their voluntarily and verifiably disclosed emissions, or pay an output tax based on the average rate of emissions among the undisclosed firms. The certification of relatively clean firms raises the output-based tax, setting off a process of unraveling in favor of disclosure. We derive sufficient statistics formulas to calculate the welfare of such a program relative to mandatory output or emissions taxes. We find that the voluntary certification mechanism would deliver significant gains over output-based taxation in two empirical applications: methane emissions from oil and gas fields, and carbon emissions from imported steel. |
| JEL: | D82 H2 H87 K32 L51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30283&r= |
| By: | Mac Clay, Pablo; Sellare, Jorge |
| Abstract: | The adoption of new bio-based technologies that reduce our reliance on fossil fuels is presented as a path to reduce greenhouse gas emissions while creating new business opportunities. Such a transition towards a bio-based economy will require substantial investments in technological innovations that will likely affect how value chains are structured and which actors benefit from this transformation. Yet, previous studies on the bioeconomy have largely ignored the relationship between the structure of value chains and the rate of technological innovation. In this article, we analyze the link between technological innovation, value chain structures, and welfare distribution in the transition to a bioeconomy. We find that an acceleration in the rate of bioeconomy innovation is associated with shorter and more vertically coordinated value chains, bigger firms with higher market shares, increasing knowledge-sharing among value chain members, and a leading role by firms with core research capabilities. Finally, we argue that while bio-based innovation can potentially achieve environmental sustainability, it creates risks for the weakest value chain actors. Thus, we propose some lines of thought regarding the potential distributional effects of bio-based innovation. From a policy perspective, this debate is relevant to safeguarding social sustainability in the transition to a bioeconomy. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:323957&r= |
| By: | Julien Ancel (AgroParisTech); Théo Mandonnet (AgroParisTech); Michel de Lara (CERMICS - Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech) |
| Abstract: | To respect their pledge to fulfill the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change, many countries have designed so-called Nationally Determined Contributions. One lever to reduce national greenhouse gases emissions is to change the trade policy of the country, in order to import more from the current and future least carbon-intensive economies. However, future carbon intensities reductions are uncertain, leading to the production of emissions scenarios by several institutes. A fitting trade policy is then classically obtained for each of such scenarios. By contrast with such perfect foresight (anticipative) approach, we propose to take into account all the possible futures simultaneously, in order to determine a "robust-touncertainty" trade policy. Using a two-stage stochastic optimization framework between 2015 and 2030, we study the French case and we outline a method to design a robust trade policy in a highly uncertain and constrained context. This optimal policy is then compared to optimal-by-scenario policies and to current French imports. |
| Keywords: | Optimal trade policy,Stochastic optimization,Import shares,Nationally Determined Contribution,Carbon footprint,France |
| Date: | 2022–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03721999&r= |
| By: | Wallace, Kelly C.; Suter, Jordan F. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322513&r= |
| By: | Aziz, Mustahsin; Elbakidze, Levan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, Teaching, Communication, and Extension |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322554&r= |
| By: | Jeong, Hyunju; Suh, Dong Hee |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Productivity Analysis, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322122&r= |
| By: | Comstock, Haden; DeLay, Nathan D. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322459&r= |
| By: | Ko, Minkyong; Ramsey, Austin F. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Production Economics, Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322102&r= |
| By: | Florkowski, Wojciech J.; Neupane, Sulakshan |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322275&r= |
| By: | Hart, Jarrett; Somerville, Scott; Sumner, Daniel A. |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Environmental Economics and Policy, Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322322&r= |
| By: | Victor Ajayi (Energy Policy Research Group, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge); Michael Pollitt (Energy Policy Research Group, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge) |
| Keywords: | Green growth, net zero, circular economy, future energy scenarios, productivity |
| JEL: | D24 O44 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anj:wpaper:024&r= |
| By: | Guglielmo Maria Caporale; Nicola Spagnolo; Awon Almajali |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates static and dynamic connectedness between the first and second moments of fossil and renewable energy stock indices in the last decade at the daily frequency. For this purpose the Diebold and Yilmaz (2014) methodology is applied; in addition, endogenous break tests are carried out and sub-sample estimates are also obtained. The results suggest that renewable energy stock indices play a significant role in terms of connectdness; moreover, the two detected breaks indicate that both the unsuccessful COP17 held in Durban in 2011 and the anticipation of decisive action at the COP26 in Glasgow affected the degree of connectedness. The finding that spillovers are stronger during periods characterised by more effective climate change policies confirms the crucial importance of policy intervention and support for renewable energy to tackle climate change. |
| Keywords: | COP, fossil and renewable energy, VAR, connectedness |
| JEL: | C32 G15 Q40 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9824&r= |
| By: | Financial Markets Department (Bank of Japan) |
| Abstract: | As the efforts to tackle climate change accelerate globally in recent years, financial markets are expected to play a greater role in terms of financial intermediation. Specifically, financial markets are expected to support industries' efforts to address climate change by reflecting risks and opportunities arising from climate change (climate-related risks and opportunities) in the prices of financial instruments such as stocks and corporate bonds, providing a more conducive environment for the issuance of ESG bonds related to climate change (hereinafter "the ESG bonds"), thereby facilitating funding and investments. The Bank of Japan has launched the Market Functioning Survey concerning Climate Change with a view to assessing the functioning of Japanese financial markets in tackling climate change and understanding the challenges for improvement. Since climate change is a long-term issue involving various economic stakeholders, the survey will collect views from a broad set of market participants on an annual basis. The first survey was distributed to 663 entities including issuers, investors, financial institutions, and rating agencies, and more than 40 percent of those responded. In the survey, the respondents provided a view that climate-related risks and opportunities were reflected to a certain degree in the pricing of both stock and corporate bond markets in Japan, although there is room for further reflection in both markets. In order that climate-related risks and opportunities will be reflected more in the prices, many respondents raised issues regarding the availability of information and also the assessment methodologies of climate-related risks and opportunities. The former included "enhancing and/or standardizing information disclosure" and "bridging data gaps on climate-related data," and the latter included "improving transparency in ESG evaluation" and "further developing analysis methodologies." These issues were also raised by many respondents as challenges for increasing the size of the ESG bond market in Japan. Looking at supply and demand in the ESG bond market, the survey found solid demand for the ESG bonds. As for the motivation behind the ESG bond issuance, respondents emphasized strategic interest for their businesses and investor relations (e.g., improving their reputation, diversifying the investor base) rather than favorable issuing conditions of the ESG bonds. On the investor side, making social and environmental contributions was the most important reason for investing in the ESG bonds. These results suggest that Japan's ESG bond market would further expand with a broader base of issuers and investors by raising their awareness of those benefits and by reducing the cost of issuing as well as investing in the ESG bonds with more enhanced and standardized information disclosure. Market stakeholders have already been making efforts to overcome the issues identified in the first survey, such as the availability of information and the assessment methodologies of climate-related risks and opportunities, to further develop the market. The Bank will provide information on the status of market functioning concerning climate change and challenges for the future by continuously conducting this survey while improving its contents. The Bank also intends to contribute to advancing financial markets by following up on efforts made outside of Japan, conducting additional research and analyses on the functioning of financial markets concerning climate change, and communicating and coordinating with relevant stakeholders to develop market infrastructure. |
| Date: | 2022–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boj:bojron:ron220805a&r= |
| By: | Akinyemi, Taiwo; Jung, Suhyun |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322567&r= |
| By: | Grunert, Klaus G.; Futtrup, Rebecca |
| Keywords: | Marketing, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322161&r= |
| By: | David Weisbach; Samuel S. Kortum; Michael Wang; Yujia Yao |
| Abstract: | Climate policies vary widely across countries, with some countries imposing stringent emissions policies and others doing very little. When climate policies vary across countries, energy-intensive industries have an incentive to relocate to places with few or no emissions restrictions, an effect known as leakage. Relocated industries would continue to pollute but would be operating in a less desirable location. We consider solutions to the leakage problem in a simple setting where one region of the world imposes a climate policy and the rest of the world is passive. We solve the model analytically and also calibrate and simulate the model. Our model and analysis imply: (1) optimal climate policies tax both the supply of fossil fuels and the demand for fossil fuels; (2) on the demand side, absent administrative costs, optimal policies would tax both the use of fossil fuels in domestic production and the domestic consumption of goods created with fossil fuels, but with the tax rate on production lower due to leakage; (3) taxing only production (on the demand side), however, would be substantially simpler, and almost as effective as taxing both production and consumption, because it would avoid the need for border adjustments on imports of goods; (4) the effectiveness of the latter strategy depends on a low foreign elasticity of energy supply, which means that forming a taxing coalition to ensure a low foreign elasticity of energy supply can act as a substitute for border adjustments on goods |
| JEL: | F18 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30244&r= |
| By: | Reeling, Carson; Kim, Yusun |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322460&r= |
| By: | Michael Funke; Raphael Terasa |
| Abstract: | As an incentive to increase high-impact investment and boost growth, the German Federal Government is planning to introduce a targeted temporary super depreciation allowance to support much-needed green and digital transitions. Using a calibrated multi-sector DSGE model, we find that the temporary super deduction could trigger an uplift of 10 percentage points for green and digital capital spending, turbo-charging green growth ambitions. However, with the temporary measure set to end after two years, there is a risk that business investment could tail off at a crucial time, when post-COVID-19 recovery is levelling out. Thus, additional longer-term climate policies are needed to drive the green transition, facilitated by broad policy packages. |
| Keywords: | climate economics, business taxation, firm investment, depreciation allowances, DSGE model, Germany |
| JEL: | E22 E60 H25 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9838&r= |
| By: | Jung, Suhyun; Akinyemi, Taiwo |
| Keywords: | International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322558&r= |
| By: | Mastrangelo, Sr., Joao Paulo S.; Maia, Alexandre Gori |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322218&r= |
| By: | Floyd, Thuy; Ishdorj, Ariun |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322551&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in Southeast Asia up to 2050 to help decision-makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19. |
| Date: | 2022–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:103-en&r= |
| By: | Martínez-Hernández, Alberto Gabino |
| Abstract: | Climate change impacts in coastal areas (CA) have exposed coastal ecosystems to unprecedented conditions. System dynamic modelling (SD) has been used as a powerful tool to improve climate change adaptation (CCA) strategies. However, until now there are no review papers that summarize how academic literature that employs SD modelling has addressed CCA in CA. Hence, the main objective of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the art of this field. A systematic literature review was chosen as the main method of analysis, which was complemented with a bibliometric analysis and a categorization of the main contents of the papers selected. Our results suggest that the literature is clustered in three groups: physical or social impacts, water and agriculture management, as well as ecosystem services. Following the classification of key representative risks (KRK) of the IPCC, some topics have been addressed more than others. Most papers focus on Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) compared to adaptation to slow onset hazards. Besides, research in developing countries remains scarce, except for the case of Vietnam. One group of models seem to be in an advanced stage or abstract enough to be applied in other areas, whereas another group is better suited for local modelling. Quantitative SD modelling has been preferred compared to qualitative or mixed approaches. Finally, Stella and Vensim seem to be the most popular platforms to run simulations. |
| Keywords: | Public Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2022–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:322836&r= |
| By: | Dhakal, Rajan; Connor, Lawson |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322587&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in South and Southwest Asia up to 2050 to help decision-makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19. |
| Date: | 2022–06–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:104-en&r= |
| By: | Boufous, Sawssan; Wade, Tara |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Productivity Analysis, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322590&r= |
| By: | Matthew T. Heberling; Dennis Guignet; Michael Papenfus |
| Abstract: | This study quantitatively reviews the hedonic literature examining surface water quality to assess how attributes of the commodity, housing market, and methodological choices affect the significance and expected sign of the estimated property value effects. Using meta analysis, we provide evidence that many of the definitions and decisions, including type of waterbody, water quality categories, and the region of the United States, made in primary studies do affect the estimated relationship between water quality and home prices. Methodological choices appear to have a critical role in determining the estimated relationships. Our findings can inform future hedonic study designs, help identify potential concerns with data and modeling choices, and guide decision-makers when considering what studies to use to inform management and policy decisions. Key Words: Water quality, Meta-analysis, Property value, Water pollution |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:apl:wpaper:22-06&r= |
| By: | Lachhab, Rania; Gammans, Matthew |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322548&r= |
| By: | Sarkar, Sampriti; Lupi, Frank |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322478&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report provides scenarios for future transport demand and CO2 emissions in North and Central Asia up to 2050 to help decision makers chart pathways to sustainable, resilient transport. The scenarios reflect existing policy initiatives and specific constraints in the region. They also examine the potential impact of policies addressing the challenges and opportunities for transport from Covid-19. |
| Date: | 2022–06–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:105-en&r= |
| By: | Guillaume Le Borgne (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, IREGE - Institut de Recherche en Gestion et en Economie - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Lucie Sirieix (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Pierre Valette-Florence (UGA INP IAE - Grenoble Institut d'Administration des Entreprises - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes); Sandrine Costa (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Food waste is a burning issue, one that is both local and global. Although most consumers hate wasting and do not intend to waste, they still end up wasting food. By focusing on routines that prevent waste rather than on waste behaviours, and by defining and measuring consumer concern for food waste (CFW), this study seeks to address this apparent contradiction. A follow-up to three preliminary studies, this quantitative study proposes a valid and reliable measure of CFW, and examines the links between CFW, the antecedents of this concern, and seven waste-prevention routines. Empirical data reveals two dimensions of CFW that have a very distinct influence on food-related and waste-prevention routines. The first, "individual/interpersonal concern", has a strong relationship with these routines, whereas the second, "global concern", has no significant relationship with them. For researchers, the authors provide a model integrating the antecedents and behavioural consequences of CFW. For both policy makers and managers seeking to reduce food waste at the household level, this research provides recommendations to have an impact on food-waste-related behaviours through individual/interpersonal CFW and its proven antecedents (economic concerns, food involvement, food education). |
| Keywords: | food waste,concern,sustainability,environmental concern,consumer behaviour |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03169581&r= |
| By: | Olivier Deschenes |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews and extends the recent empirical literature on the impact of climate change on mortality and adaptation in the United States. The analysis produces several new facts. First, the reductions in the impact of extreme heat on mortality risk previously documented up to 2004 have continued up to 2019, consistent with continued investments in health-protecting adaptations to high temperatures. The second part of the paper examines the private and external costs of electricity generation and consumption related to high temperatures, a commonly-used proxy for measuring the consumption of adaptation services. Extreme temperatures increase electricity demand in the residential sector (relative to moderate temperatures), but not in the commercial, industrial, and transportation end-use sectors. The additional electricity demand in response to high temperatures results in significant external costs due to the release of local and global pollutants caused by the combustion of fossil fuels in order to produce electricity. These external costs, documented for the first time in this paper, are one order of magnitude larger than the private cost of adaptation associated with electricity consumption. |
| JEL: | I1 Q4 Q5 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30282&r= |
| By: | Giulia Vaglietti (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Philippe Delacote (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Antoine Leblois (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Extreme weather events, particularly droughts, have strong impacts on the livelihoods of populations in rural areas. In a context of low access to insurance and credit markets, households respond to such shocks by implementing different adaptation and coping strategies, which in turn are likely to have an impact on the environment, in particular through land-use changes and deforestation. This paper contributes to the emerging literature on the links between droughts and deforestation: (1) distinguishing responses to previously experienced droughts versus present droughts, and (2) disentangling the time of the agricultural season at which droughts occur. We show that deforestation is negatively related to droughts that occur during the growing season, while it is positively related to those that occur during the harvesting season. These impacts are mitigated within protected areas and are exacerbated in more accessible locations, i.e., areas within 4 hours of travel time of main/major cities. By contrast, deforestation outcomes following droughts that occur during the planting season depend on whether the crop considered is maize or cassava. |
| Date: | 2022–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03726300&r= |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Nikitas Pittis (University of Piraeus, Greece); Angelos Plataniotis |
| Abstract: | Achieving climate neutrality, as dictated by international agreements such as the Paris Agreement, the United Nations Agenda 2030 and the European Green Deal, requires the conscription of all parts of society. The business world and, in particular, large enterprises have a leading role in this effort. Businesses can contribute to this effort by establishing a reporting and operating framework according to specific Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) criteria. The interest of companies in the ESG framework has become more intense in the recent years, as they recognize that apart from an improved reputation, ESG criteria can add value to them and help them to become more effective in their functioning. In particular, large European companies are legally obligated by the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD-Directive 2014/95/EU) to disclose non-financial information on how they deal with social and environmental issues. In the literature, there are discussions on the extent to which a good ESG performance affects a company's profitability, valuation, capital efficiency and risk. The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically whether a relationship between good ESG performance and the good financial condition of companies can be documented. For a sample of the top 50 European companies in terms of ESG performance (STOXX Europe ESG Leaders 50 Index), covering a wide range of sectors, namely Automobiles, Consumer Products, Energy, Financial Services, Manufacturing, etc., we first reviewed their reportings to see which ESG framework they use to monitor their performance. Next, we examined whether there is a pattern of better financial performance compared to other large European corporations. Our results showed that such a connection seems to exist at least for some specific parameters, while for others, such a claim cannot be supported. |
| Keywords: | ESG, STOXX Europe, financial performance, capital structure, profitability, valuation |
| Date: | 2022–07–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2218&r= |
| By: | Florkowski, Wojciech J.; Nouve, Yawotse |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322293&r= |
| By: | Niklas Gohl (University of Potsdam, DIW Berlin, Berlin School of Economics); Philipp Schrauth (University of Potsdam) |
| Abstract: | This paper provides novel evidence on the impact of public transport subsidies on air pollution. We obtain causal estimates by leveraging a unique policy intervention in Germany that temporarily reduced nationwide prices for regional public transport to a monthly flat rate price of 9 Euros. Us-ing DiD estimation strategies on air pollutant data, we show that this intervention causally reduced a benchmark air pollution index by more than six percent. Our results illustrate that public transport subsidies – especially in the context of spatially constrained cities – offer a viable alterna-tive for policymakers and city planers to improve air quality, which has been shown to crucially affect health outcomes. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, public transport, transport subsidies |
| JEL: | Q53 Q58 R12 R48 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pot:cepadp:50&r= |
| By: | Dalheimer, Bernhard; Fiankor, Dela-Dem Doe |
| Keywords: | International Development, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322168&r= |
| By: | Matsushima, Hiroshi; Khanna, Madhu |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322420&r= |
| By: | Belloc, Ignacio (University of Zaragoza); Gimenez-Nadal, J. Ignacio (University of Zaragoza); Molina, José Alberto (University of Zaragoza) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze whether diesel fuel taxes can be an effective tool to boost the daily commuting of US workers towards the use of green modes of transport. To that end, we use data from the American Time Use Survey 2003-2019 and explore the factors influencing commuting time and the proportion of commute using alternative modes of transport, including walking and cycling. Our results indicate that diesel fuel taxes are linked to a reduction in the total time devoted to commuting, and to the proportion of commuting by private car, and to an increase in the proportion of commuting done by green modes of transport such as public transport and walking. This relationship is not homogeneous in the urban dimension, as the effects on total commuting time and the percentage of commuting by public transport is present in urban areas only. In a context where many countries are implementing policies aimed at increasing the use of sustainable modes of personal mobility, our results indicate that taxing fuels used for personal mobility may be an efficient way to decrease the use of more polluting modes of transport and encourage more eco-friendly alternatives while commuting. |
| Keywords: | commuting time, green mobility, state diesel taxes, American Time Use Survey |
| JEL: | D1 Q4 R4 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15416&r= |
| By: | SBARDELLA Angelica; BARBIERI Nicolò; CONSOLI Davide; NAPOLITANO Lorenzo (European Commission - JRC); PERRUCHAS François; PUGLIESE Emanuele (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The brief provides an overview of green technological development across European regions employing the Economic Fitness Complexity approach to establish a green technology space. The study explores the associations between comparative advantage in specific technological domains and a region’s capacity to develop green technologies, i.e. its Green Fitness. Furthermore, it addresses the interaction between the green and non-green knowledge bases, with a particular focus on whether regional know-how in the non-green technological realm can be exploited in the green domain and vice versa. To this aim, a metric of regional Green Potential is proposed. The analysis suggests that regions specialised in green domains, irrespective of their complexity, have a higher propensity to develop technologies connected with green technologies. Green technologies are linked mostly to technologies related to the production or transformation of materials; with engines and pumps; and with construction methods. The regions with the highest Green Potential are not necessarily those with the highest Green Fitness. The results suggest that there is a potential for green and non-green technological advances to generate positive spillovers in terms of capabilities to produce innovations across the spectrum of technological complexity. |
| Keywords: | Green Deal, Economic Complexity, Green Capabilities, Regional Green Potential |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc124696&r= |
| By: | Gøril L. Andreassen; Jo Thori Lind |
| Abstract: | We investigate empirically whether the market value of electric vehicles, which have rapid technological progress, decline faster over their lifetime than gasoline vehicles, which is a mature technology. We use novel data from the market with the highest market shares for electric vehicles in the world, Norway, from the largest web platform for secondhand vehicles for 2011-2021. The price path of electric vehicles declines faster than gasoline vehicles. This seems to be driven by the electric vehicles with below median driving range. We hypothesize that the large price drop is mainly due to the fast technological improvement of electric vehicles. |
| Keywords: | energy transition, price, technological progress, low-carbon technologies, electric vehicles, secondhand market, climate policy |
| JEL: | D12 L60 L62 O33 Q55 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9814&r= |
| By: | Scheer, Antonina; Schwarz, Moritz; Hopkins, Debbie; Caldecott, Ben |
| Abstract: | Labour markets of oil-exporting regions will be impacted by a global transition to low-carbon energy as oil demand reduces to meet the aims of the Paris Agreement. Together with direct job losses in the oil and gas industry, indirect employment effects on other sectors should also be considered to ensure a just transition. We explore these direct and indirect employment impacts that could result from the low-carbon transition by analysing the effect of oil price fluctuations on the labour market of Alberta, a Canadian province economically reliant on oil sands extraction. We employ a mixed methods approach, contextualizing our quantitative analysis with first-hand experiences of career transitions using interviews with oil sands workers. We estimate a vector autoregression for province-wide insights and explore sector-specific dynamics using time series regressions. We find that the price discount on Canadian oil sands, which is determined by local factors like crude oil quality and pipeline capacity, does not significantly affect employment, while the global oil price does. This finding puts in doubt claims of long-term employment benefits from new pipelines. We find that at a provincial scale, oil price fluctuations lead to employment levels also fluctuating. Our analysis at the sectoral level shows that these job fluctuations extend beyond oil and gas to other sectors, such as construction and some service sectors. These findings suggest that the province’s current economic dependence on oil creates job precarity because employment in various sectors is sensitive to a volatile oil market. Furthermore, due to this sectoral sensitivity to oil price changes, workers in these sectors may be especially at risk in a low-carbon transition and warrant special attention in the development of provincial and national just transition policies. Transitional assistance can support workers directly, while economic diversification in Alberta can reduce reliance on international oil markets and thereby ensure stable opportunities in existing and new sectors. Key policy insights Decreased global oil demand is likely to create employment risks for workers in Alberta and other fossil fuel producing regions of the world. Current economic dependence on oil sands extraction in Alberta leads to job precarity across sectors, including in those seemingly unrelated to extraction. Proactive economic diversification in anticipation of the low-carbon transition could reduce precarity by mitigating the effects of oil price fluctuations on employment levels in the long term. Workers in sectors with higher oil price sensitivity (i.e. oil and gas, construction, professional services, manufacturing, accommodations, and food services sectors) could be prioritized in coordinated just transition policies at the local, provincial, and national scales. The details of career transitions gleaned from our interviews suggest that tripartite social dialogue would contribute meaningfully to just transition policy development. |
| Keywords: | just transition; labour econometrics; mixed methods; oil-dependent regions; stranded assets; Environmental Change and Management Dissertation Publication Prize; Clarendon Fund; Robertson Foundation; T&F deal |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2022–07–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115358&r= |
| By: | Christophe Gouel |
| Abstract: | A popular approach for estimating climate change impacts on agriculture is to rely on supply-side reduced-form regressions. These methods, which include the Ricardian approach, focus on how farmers and agricultural land market react to changes in climatic conditions, under the implicit assumption that crop prices stay constant. To test whether this assumption is innocuous, I use a quantitative trade model of global agricultural markets to emulate the findings of a supply-side approach as well as to calculate welfare changes accounting for price changes. The results show that both welfare measures are weakly correlated and can be of opposite signs, and that the supply-side approach tends to underestimate the cost of climate change. The main drivers of these differences are the neglects of the imperfect substitutability of crops in demand and of terms-of-trade changes. The supply-side approach provides a valid approximation of the welfare cost of climate change only if crops are almost perfectly substitutable in demand and trade costs are neglected, a situation in which it is reasonable to assume constant prices. |
| JEL: | D58 F18 Q17 Q54 R14 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30279&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report explores how ASEAN member states can mitigate the negative impacts of the rapidly growing number of cars on the region’s roads. More, increasingly larger vehicles consume more energy, emit more CO2 and cause more local air pollution. Among the policies to counter these trends and make mobility in the region more sustainable is the ASEAN Fuel Economy Roadmap. This study provides support for implementing the roadmap. It looks specifically at policies for making light-duty vehicles more efficient and less emitting but also provides insights for other motorised road vehicles. The report explores opportunities for aligning policies across ASEAN, considers the role of trade agreements and recommends measures for a transition towards electrification. |
| Date: | 2022–03–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:102-en&r= |
| By: | Sarasty, Oscar; Amin, Modhurima |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322237&r= |
| By: | Guillaume Delalande; Marisa Berbegal-Ibanez; Juan Casado Asensio; Julia Benn |
| Abstract: | Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD) is a new metric that measures official flows, and private flows mobilised by the official sector, to support sustainable development in developing countries. This pilot study seeks the perspective of Chile (a dual provider/recipient of development co-operation) on the concept and methodology of TOSSD. It estimates TOSSD flows from Chile in support of sustainable development and carries out a light assessment of its capacity to report on TOSSD. |
| Keywords: | Chile, Development Finance, Financing for development, Global public goods, International public goods, SDG, Statistics, Sustainability, TOSSD, Transparency |
| JEL: | C4 F3 F35 |
| Date: | 2022–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaaa:108-en&r= |
| By: | Bijesh Mishra |
| Abstract: | The purpose of this research was to identify commonly adopted SAPs and their adoption among Kentucky farmers. The specific objectives were to explore farmers' Perceptions about farm and farming practice sustainability, to identify predictors of SAPs adoption using farm attributes, farmers' attitudes and behaviors, socioeconomic and demographic factors, and knowledge, and to evaluate adoption barriers of SAPs among Kentucky Farmers. Farmers generally perceive that their farm and farming activities attain the objectives of sustainable agriculture. Inadequate knowledge, perceived difficulty of implementation, lack of market, negative attitude about technologies, and lack of technologies were major adoption barriers of SAPs in Kentucky. |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2207.08053&r= |
| By: | Bührer, Susanne; Feidenheimer, Alexander; Walz, Rainer; Lindner, Ralf; Beckert, Bernd; Wallwaey, Elisa |
| Abstract: | [Introduction] A critical analysis of the topic "societal impacts" is relevant and necessary for several reasons. These are: 1) The topic of societal impacts is currently at the top of the agenda in both (applied) science and in research and innovation (R&I) policy. 2) There is no uniform understanding of what a societal impact is in the literature. Definitions of societal impacts often refer to other impact dimensions (RRI, policy impacts, SSH impacts, cul-tural impacts, health impacts and sustainability indicators). 3) There is a great deal of confusion surrounding the topic of societal impacts. It has references to (1) impact measurement (Theory-based impact evaluation (TBIE), Theories of Change (ToCs), I-O-O-I (Input-Output-Outcome-Impact) models, impact pathways, participatory im-pact pathways, public value mapping, payback framework), (2) other discourses such as mis-sion orientation and addressing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and (3) questions concerning research assessment (responsible metrics, metrics tide, the Leiden manifesto). - This report addresses these challenges as follows: We present the different definitions of societal impacts in the next chapter (chapter 2.1) and the different strands of discourse that contribute to the societal impacts topic. We distinguish the discourses on societal impact in a narrower sense (chapter 2.2) from related discourses (chapter 2.3). The paper closes with some conclusions (chapter 3). Please note: This report concentrates on research funding and therefore excludes the societal im-pacts that (can) come about through sectoral policies. Second, following the logic of programme evaluations, we primarily adopt an ex post perspective, although we know that societal impacts (can) play an important role in ex ante impact assessments as well. Finally, it was not (yet) examined to what extent interaction effects occur between the different impact areas. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisidp:74&r= |
| By: | Andrea Cinque; Lennart Reiners |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of international migration restrictions on communities’ capacity to absorb income shocks after natural catastrophes. We adopt the implementation of an emigration ban on female Indonesians as a natural experiment. After an array of violent assaults against female servants in Saudi Arabia, the Indonesian government issued a moratorium in 2011, preventing millions of female workers to migrate there as domestic workers. Exploiting the exogenous timing of the ban and that of natural disasters allows us to estimate the causal effect of the absence of international migration as an adaptive strategy. Relying on a panel of the universe of Indonesian villages, we use a triple difference strategy to compare poverty levels in the aftermath of natural disasters for villages whose main destination is Saudi Arabia against others, before and after the policy shock. We find that in villages with strong ex-ante propensity to migrate to Saudi Arabia, poverty increases by 13% in face of natural disasters after the ban, further aggravating the already severe consequences induced by those events. |
| Keywords: | migration, natural disasters, Indonesia, migration ban |
| JEL: | F22 J61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9837&r= |
| By: | Pierre Levasseur (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Katrin Erdlenbruch (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Christelle Gramaglia (UMR G-EAU - Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Sofia Bento (ULISBOA - Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon); Lúcia Fernandes (Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra]); Pedro Baños Páez (Universidad de Murcia) |
| Abstract: | This paper looks at three contaminated communities in southern Europe facing pollution from industrial and mining activity and analyses forms of avoidance behaviour, using both economic and sociological approaches. Based on a quantitative household survey, we show that avoidance behaviour is mainly explained by residential location and socio-economic characteristics. Pollution perception is not statistically correlated to most avoidance behaviour. From in-depth qualitative interviews, we learn more about people's risk perception and whether and why people adopt avoidance behaviour, including discovering some inventive solutions. To conclude, our results cast doubt on the efficacy of current public advisory communications. |
| Keywords: | Pollution perception,pollution exposure,avoidance behaviour,mixed methods research,pollution perception |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03549773&r= |
| By: | Benedikt Janzen |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the short-term effects of ambient temperature on mental health using data on nearly half a million helpline calls in Germany. Leveraging location-based routing of helpline calls and random day-to-day weather fluctuations, I find a negative effect of temperature extremes on mental health as revealed by an increase in the demand for telephone counseling services. On days with an average temperature above 25{\deg}C (77{\deg}F) and below 0{\deg}C (32{\deg}F), call volume is 3.4 and 5.1 percent higher, respectively, than on mid-temperature days. Mechanism analysis reveals pronounced adverse effects of cold temperatures on social and psychological well-being and of hot temperatures on psychological well-being and violence. More broadly, the findings of this work contribute to our understanding of how changing climatic conditions will affect population mental health and associated social costs in the near future. |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2207.04992&r= |
| By: | Cronin, Stephen B |
| Abstract: | This report documents the successful capture and reuse of diesel exhaust soot particles as a conductive additive in lithium manganese oxide (LMO) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes in Li-ion batteries. This approach enables an abundant toxic pollutant to be converted into a valuable material for energy storage devices. This study consists of an initial characterization of the diesel soot particles, a high-temperature annealing step to remove residual organics and unburned hydrocarbons, and characterization of the electrical performance in a Li-ion battery configuration. Here, composite electrodes are fabricated by mixing active materials (LFP or LMO) with conductive carbon and binders. The performance of the diesel soot particles as conductive additives is compared with that of commercially available activated carbon (i.e., Super P®). The current evolution of the composite electrode made with diesel soot particles demonstrates comparable performance to the electrodes containing the Super P® carbon. Based on high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) spectra, it is found that these diesel soot nanoparticles follow a narrow log-normal distribution centered around 100 nm in diameter and consist of highly porous amorphous carbon, which provide a large surface-to-volume ratio, making them ideal candidates for electrode materials in Li ion batteries. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Particulate matter, Pseudocapacitive, Li-ion battery, Diesel soot, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2022–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4x30z49z&r= |
| By: | Alvaro MORENO; Diego GUEVARA; Jhan ANDRADE; Christos PIERROS; Antoine GODIN; Devrim YILMAZ; Sebastian VALDECANTOS |
| Abstract: | The transition to a low-carbon and climate resilient economy is a process of important restructuring of the productive network where sunset industries will decline and sometimes disappear and where sunrise industries will emerge and flourish. As this process takes place, all aspects of the economy will be impacted: from demand to supply, from public to private sectors, from finance to the informal economy. While there is a growing literature on the macroeconomic consequences of these transitions there lacks an analytical framework that allows perceiving in a comprehensive and systematic way the vulnerabilities of such structural change dynamics, particularly in the context of developing and emerging economies. This paper proposes such a framework highlighting how fiscal, monetary, financial and external dimensions can be integrated. The framework can then be used to question the robustness of transition dynamics and pinpoint where extra attention should paid. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en14213&r= |
| By: | Ruixue Jia; Xiao Ma; Victoria Wenxin Xie |
| Abstract: | Flood events and flood risk have been increasing in the past few decades and have important consequences for the economy. Using county-level and ZIP-code-level data from the United States during 1998–2018, we document that (1) increased flood risk has a large negative impact on firm entry, employment, and output in the long run; and (2) flood events reduce output in the short run while their impact on firm entry and employment is limited. Motivated by these findings, we construct a spatial equilibrium model to characterize how flood risk shapes firms’ location choices and workers’ employment, which we use to estimate the aggregate impact of increased flood risk on the economy. We find that flood risk reduced U.S. aggregate output by 0.52% in 2018, 80% of which stemmed from expectation effects and 20% from direct damages. We also apply our model to study the distributional consequences and forecast the impact of future changes in flood risk. Our results highlight the importance of considering the adjustment of firms and workers in response to risk in evaluating the consequences of natural disasters. |
| JEL: | F64 Q54 Q56 R11 R13 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:30250&r= |
| By: | Bichler, Shimshon; Nitzan, Jonathan |
| Abstract: | The big picture is unambiguous: humanity is undermining the planetary ecosystem, and the deterioration continues unhindered. According to the 2019 Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, since 1970, the capacity of nature to sustain contributions to good quality of life trends downward in 14 out of 18 different categories being analysed, with many species dwindling or becoming extinct. And if this isn’t enough, the burning of fossil fuels is believed to alter the climate, most likely for the worse. At stake, then, is the survival of planetary life as we know it, humanity included. And in this dire context, it is worthwhile reading Roman Gary’s great 1956 novel, The Roots of Heaven (translated into English in 1958). This Goncourt Prize book is one of the first ‘ecological novels’. It tells the story of a Frenchmen, Morel, a former concentration-camp prisoner and decorated war hero on a mission to save the hunted elephants of Africa. It is a complex, intellectually gripping story, weaving key issues of the time – from postwar global politics and the nuclear arms race to the clash of colonialism and liberation movements to culture, religion and philosophy – and its broad sweep is narrated with the sensitivity, irony and occasional wishful thinking of a great humanitarian. And it is the book’s emphasis on humanity that makes it so important. |
| Keywords: | ecology,humanity,literature |
| JEL: | P16 Q57 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:262111&r= |
| By: | Giorgio Gualberti; Sandie Xu; Madeleine Lessard; Cécile Sangaré; Ali Utku Dagtekin; Caroline Mícek; Julia Benn |
| Abstract: | The TOSSD statistical framework aims to provide a complete picture of all official resources flowing into developing countries for their sustainable development, providing reliable, comparable and transparent data. This working paper compares the TOSSD data for the year 2019 with datasets collected by three countries: Bangladesh, Cameroon and Colombia. The study explores similarities and differences between the TOSSD data and the data collected at the local level, and provides recommendations on how to improve data completeness and accuracy. It also suggests how a data validation mechanism for TOSSD could work, allowing recipient countries to provide timely feedback. |
| Keywords: | Bangladesh, Cameroon, Colombia, Data, Development finance, Financing for development, SDG, Statistics, Sustainability, TOSSD, Transparency |
| JEL: | C4 F3 F35 |
| Date: | 2022–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaaa:109-en&r= |
| By: | Belloc, Ignacio; Giménez-Nadal, José Ignacio; Molina, José Alberto |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes how gasoline price is related to the time workers in the US spend commuting by private vehicle, public transport, walking, or cycling. Using data from the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003-2019, and collecting data on gasoline price by state and year, we find that higher gasoline prices are related to less commuting by private car, and more commuting by public transport, walking, and cycling, the latter being transportation alternatives that are more eco-friendly. A 1% increase in gas prices is associated with an increase of 0.325%, 0.568% and 0.129% in the commuting time by public and physical modes (walking and cycling), respectively. By contrast, a decrease of 0.638% is found in the proportion of commuting done by private car. Furthermore, the elasticity differs by urban characteristics, showing relatively larger values in urban areas for private and public modes. By analyzing the relationship between commuting time, and gasoline prices in the US, our results may serve to inform future policies aiming to develop a low-carbon transport system, especially in urban areas where workers may be more affected by gasoline prices (and thus taxation). |
| Keywords: | commuting time,gasoline price,commuting mode,urban areas,American Time Use Survey |
| JEL: | R40 J1 J22 D1 Q4 R4 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1130&r= |
| By: | Anthony Fardet; Marion Desquilbet (TSE - Toulouse School of Economics - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Edmond Rock |
| Abstract: | In France, hypermarkets are the main shopping sites for food products. Therefore, the food-purchasing profiles of their regular customers may be a relevant indicator of the sustainability and health potentials of consumed diets. Knowing this information can be a step to address the issue of global health. The main objective of this study was to assess the sustainability and health potential of food-purchasing behaviors among regular adult customers, with or without children, of a leading French retailer. Secondarily, the cost of a sustainable food shopping cart was evaluated as regards the regular one, as calculated in this study. Purchasing receipts corresponding to 38,168 different food products were collected during one consecutive month for each four seasons in 2019 to assess compliance with a newly developed holistic indicator of food system sustainability, i.e., the 3V rule, recommending food consumption to be ‘Vegetal'/plant-based (≈15% animal calories/day), ‘Vrai'/real (max. 15% ultra-processed food calories/day, UPF) and ‘Varié'/varied. Participants were 708 regular buyers (aged ≥18 with different socio-economic profiles, with and without children) in 122 French hypermarkets. The plant rule was based on the animal and plant origin of food ingredients, including mixed products; the ‘real' rule was evaluated with the Siga score according to the degree of processing to identify UPFs. The varied rule was defined based on a combination of food ‘categories × families'. The effect of children and season on the purchased animal and UPF calories and on the variety index was also evaluated. Multivariate and decision tree analyses were applied to compare consumers for their 3V rule profile similarities and differences, and to look for impacts of the presence or absence of children. Customers' purchases were far from the 3V rule, with a median of 41% animal and 61% UPF calories and a median variety index of 25% (compared to the consumer with the highest index set to 100%). There was no difference in purchased animal and UPF percentages neither according to seasons nor the presence of children. However, the presence of children was associated with a higher variety index (+33%, P |
| Keywords: | Food diversity,Food choices,Animal products,Ultra-processed food,Hypermarkets,Sustainability,Ultra-processed foods,‘Végétal’ (plant),‘Varié’ (varied),Principal component analysis,Relative variety index |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03353849&r= |
| By: | Anna Risch (GAEL - Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - Grenoble INP - Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Fiscal incentives have been introduced to encourage households in many countries to undertake energy-saving renovations. This paper assesses the impact of an energy tax credit on (i) renovation rate and (ii) renovation expenditures using French data. We exploit a sharp discontinuity corresponding to the introduction of the French tax credit in 2005 to identify the policy's effects. Results indicate that the tax credit has little effect on the decision to renovate, increasing renovations by 1.09%, ceteris paribus. We find that the presence of free riding reduces the actual effect of fiscal measures. However, this fiscal policy does lead to an increase in renovation expenditures by 21.76%, all things being equal. This suggests that the energy tax credit induces households who are already determined to renovate to perform more substantial energy-saving renovations. We conduct a robustness check using the matching method, which confirms our results. |
| Keywords: | Policy evaluation,Regression discountinuity design,Energy tax credit,Energy-efficient renovation |
| Date: | 2020–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03133083&r= |
| By: | Guillermo Hernández (OECD); Miguel Amaral (OECD) |
| Abstract: | This working paper presents two case studies of agile regulatory governance focusing, respectively, on civilian drones and bio-solutions (i.e. the use of renewable bio-resources for industrial scale production, for example with a view to creating alternatives to petro-based and chemical products). Each of the case studies looks at the main transformative impacts of the innovations at hand as well as the associated regulatory challenges and responses. They complement a compilation of Case Studies on the Regulatory Challenges Raised by Innovation and the Regulatory Responses developed jointly between the OECD and the Korean Development Institute (2021) and provide further evidence to support the implementation of the OECD Recommendation for Agile Regulatory Governance to Harness Innovation. |
| Keywords: | Agile regulation, Better Regulation, innovation, Regulatory governance, Regulatory policy |
| JEL: | D7 K00 K2 L5 L51 L98 O1 O33 O38 L65 |
| Date: | 2022–08–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:govaah:18-en&r= |
| By: | Shu, Yiheng; Hu, Wuyang |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322389&r= |
| By: | Ijaz, Arusha; Yu, Jisang; Schwab, Benjamin |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Marketing |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322336&r= |
| By: | Ralitza Dimova; Ulrike Grote; Arnab Basu |
| Abstract: | Do man-made disasters induce permanent behavioral changes? While the temporary link between negative shocks and risk aversion has been analysed, the evolution of risk profiles over time in response to a negative shock remains unexplored. Using panel data from Agent Orange affected areas in Vietnam, we explore (i) whether individuals in a disaster-prone area are more risk tolerant vis-Ã -vis those who are unaffected, (ii) whether risk tolerance declines and the willingness to invest increases, with the decreasing intensity of the harm in the disaster affected area, and (iii) what factors influence individuals’ residency within disaster affected areas. We find that individuals living within an Agent Orange affected area are relatively more risk loving but this risk tolerance decreases with the decreasing intensity of harm over time. Residency within the disaster area is influenced by the level of human capital and ownership of physical capital. |
| Keywords: | Vietnam, Agent Orange, Risk Profiles, Propensity Score Matching |
| JEL: | C93 D1 Q51 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tvs:wpaper:wp-024&r= |
| By: | Ignatov Aleksandr (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Dorokhina K. (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Larionova Marina (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Popova Irina (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Sakharov Andrey (Gaidar Institute for Economic Policy); Shelepov Andrey (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | In 2021, the US, the European Union and the UK consolidated their efforts to bolster their influence in international economic institutions. In the context of the increased importance of digitalization and the climate change agenda, they sought to secure the leadership in establishing new rules of global climate change management and in the collective regulatory framework for digital economy. Amidst this growing competition and geopolitical tensions, the ongoing pandemic and uneven economic recovery, the efficacy of multilateral cooperation has become an important factor in Russia’s pursuit of its national interest, foreign policy priorities and development goals. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, international organizations, international institutional arrangements |
| JEL: | F5 F53 F55 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:ppaper:ppaper-2022-1217&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | Economic recovery is gaining momentum but remains fragile amid the on-going COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine war’s ripple effects. Despite oil exports benefiting from high oil prices, the war’s impact on prices of food and other essentials weighs on households and businesses. Over the medium term, challenges from climate change and the global transition to low-carbon economies persist. In this context, steadfast reform implementation is needed to reduce fragility through job creation and higher incomes. Debt remains sustainable but is classified as “in distress” due to arrears; a financing assurances review was conducted. Debt vulnerabilities to negative oil price shocks remain. A three-year Extended Credit Facility (ECF) arrangement in the amount of SDR 324 million (200 percent of quota) was approved by the IMF Executive Board on January 21, 2022. |
| Date: | 2022–07–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2022/226&r= |
| By: | Frondel, Manuel; Gerster, Andreas; Kaestner, Kathrin; Pahle, Michael; Schwarz, Antonia; Singhal, Puja; Sommer, Stephan |
| Abstract: | Das neu etablierte Wärme- & Wohnen-Panel ermöglicht durch die Verknüpfung von Informationen zum Gebäudebestand, dem Endenergiebedarf, detaillierten Angaben zu den sozioökonomischen Charakteristika der Haushalte sowie durch wiederholte systematische Erhebungen eine fundierte Evaluierung der Effektivität klimapolitischer Maßnahmen im Wärmesektor in Deutschland. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die wichtigsten deskriptiven Ergebnisse der ersten Panel-Erhebung unter ca. 15.000 privaten Haushalten aus dem Jahr 2021. Neben der unvermeidlichen umfassenden Abfrage der Gebäudecharakteristika und Heiztechnik lag der Schwerpunkt der ersten Erhebung auf den energetischen Modernisierungstätigkeiten privater Haushalte sowie auf der Bewertung und Akzeptanz von Klimaschutzinstrumenten im Gebäudesektor. Überdies wurde die Akzeptanz verschiedener Aufteilungsvarianten der Kostenbelastung der Anfang 2021 eingeführten CO2-Bepreisung auf Mieter und Vermieter untersucht. Zu den zentralen Resultaten gehören, dass die Aufteilung der Kostenbelastung der CO2-Bepreisung gemäß Bausubstanz die höchste Zustimmung unter den Befragten genießt. Bezüglich der Akzeptanz von Klimaschutzinstrumenten im Gebäudesektor ist bemerkenswert, dass ein Einbauverbot von Gaskesseln und eine Gebäudeklimaabgabe nur bei rund 30% der Befragten Zustimmung findet, während ein Einbauverbot von Ölkesseln von fast 70% der Befragten begrüßt wird. Dabei heizen nur 9% derjenigen, die dem Einbauverbot von Ölkesseln zustimmen, selbst mit Öl, während der Großteil der Zustimmung mit ca. 39% von denjenigen Befragten stammt, die mit Gas heizen. Befragt nach ihrer Informiertheit über die CO2-Bepreisung gibt fast die Hälfte aller Befragten an, eher nicht informiert zu sein, lediglich ein sehr geringer Teil von 3,4% der Befragten fühlt sich sehr gut informiert. Ähnlich verhält es sich bei energetischen Gebäudemodernisierungen: Knapp über die Hälfte der Eigentümer fühlt sich nicht gut über energetische Sanierungen informiert. |
| Keywords: | Energieverbrauch,Heizkosten,Modernisierungsrate |
| JEL: | D12 Q41 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwimat:152&r= |
| By: | Maxime FOREST; Christlord FORESTE |
| Abstract: | Il a fallu attendre les années 2010 pour que les aspects genrés de l’action climatique soient pleinement pris en compte et commencent à imprégner l’agenda climat dans le cadre des Conférences des Parties.Au cours de la dernière décennie, certains acteurs internationaux majeurs du développement ont ainsi établi des priorités, des outils et des programmes dédiés au genre et au climat. Une cartographie des discours portés par différents acteurs de la communauté internationale du développement et articulant ces deux problématiques a permis de révéler huit cadres interprétatifs représentant une contribution analytique innovante à l’étude de l’intersection entre le genre et le changement climatique. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–07–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:fr14256&r= |
| By: | Lieberwirth, Martin; Hobbie, Hannes |
| Abstract: | Integrating large amounts of electrolyzer capacities poses particular challenges for grid operators along the entire hydrogen value chain. This research examines how hydrogen production capacities that support the decarbonization of German industrial sectors impact the electricity transmission grid. The operation of electrolyzer capacities and the production of green hydrogen result in increased electricity demand that stresses the power grids beyond conventional electricity load levels. The question arises to what extent electrolyzer capacities cause additional grid congestion and how flexible operation of electrolyzers can contribute to efficient management of future power grids. A scenario framework is created, differing in the decarbonizing strategy of industry sectors, operation mode of electrolyzers, and penetration levels of electrolyzer installations for a market projection of the future European electricity system. Model-based research is performed by applying a fundamental electricity market and congestion management optimization model of the European electricity systems for the set of scenarios. Results of the model-based investigation highlight the importance of integrating electrolyzer capacities into congestion management practices, primarily if corresponding decarbonized industries feature a more distributed allocation throughout Germany, such as the chemical, paper and printing industries. The findings of this work provide policymakers, system operators, and regulators with meaningful insights for designing future congestion management frameworks. |
| Keywords: | Electricity,Green hydrogen,Congestion management,Grid modelling,Germany |
| JEL: | C61 Q41 Q48 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:261839&r= |
| By: | Griffith, Andrew P.; Boyer, Christopher N.; Kane, Ian |
| Abstract: | Sustainable beef production is categorized into environmental stewardship, economic opportunity and social diligence across the beef value chain. However, cattle producers must be able to benefit from the economic opportunity in order to adopt the environmental and social components. Economic sustainability is commonly understood to be a farm’s capability to survive or to be economically viable over time. Making profitable short-run decisions is key to surviving long-term (Griffith and Boyer, 2020). A key component in economic sustainability is having access to and using effective tools and strategies to reduce economic losses. Cattle producers must manage many forms of risk (e.g. production, financial, technological, legal, casualty, policy), but all sources of risk have been relatively small compared to price risk (Hart, Babcock, and Hayes, 2001). Providing stocker and cow-calf producers with information on how to utilize price risk management tools would benefit these producers in making economically sustainable decisions and allowing them to endure and continue operating during and following economic shocks. However, it is also important to gain the cattle producer’s viewpoint on price risk management tools. Therefore, the specific objectives of the focus groups were to: 1. Determine the attributes of currently available price risk management tools that lead to non-use or fail to mitigate risk; and 2. Provide discussion from producers about ways to improve risk management tools and strategies for cow-calf and stocker producers. The goal of this effort is to help guide continuing education to beef cattle producers as well as inform policy makers and private industry on ways to improve price risk management to enhance economic sustainability for beef cattle producers. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Marketing, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2022–07–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:utaeer:322768&r= |
| By: | Pongspikul, Tayatorn; McCann, Laura M. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322192&r= |