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on Environmental Economics |
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Issue of 2022‒05‒30
sixty-two papers chosen by Francisco S. Ramos Universidade Federal de Pernambuco |
| By: | Anna Valero |
| Abstract: | Many countries have plans for a "green recovery" from the pandemic, in which the invention and diffusion of "clean" technologies and practices are central. How can environmental and broader industrial policies be combined to achieve growth that is strong, sustainable and inclusive? Economists study what drives innovation and growth - and how these can be steered towards delivering a zero-carbon future. |
| Keywords: | environment, industrial policies, , Productivity, growth |
| Date: | 2021–09–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepins:06&r= |
| By: | Bernard, René; Tzamourani, Panagiota; Weber, Michael |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses large economic costs to governments and societies. Reducing individuals’ CO2 footprints is central in mitigating climate change. In a new paper, we show that providing information on combating climate change motivates individuals to take costly actions to offset CO2 emissions. Presenting the information as the result of scientific research is as effective as framing it as the behaviour of other people. Individuals' responses vary depending on their socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards climate change. Furthermore, individuals choose information that aligns with their views. Individuals who actively gather information about climate change have a higher willingness to pay for carbon offsets. |
| Keywords: | Climate change,information treatment,willingness to pay,information acquisition,CO2 compensation |
| JEL: | D10 D83 D91 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esrepo:253548&r= |
| By: | Bárcena-Ruiz, Juan Carlos; Sagasta, Amagoia |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes firms’ incentives to engage in environmental corporate social responsibility (ECSR) in an international market under imperfect competition. We find that in the absence of environmental taxes firms do not adopt ECSR. However, the implementation of environmental taxes by governments encourages firms to adopt ECSR under local damage. Consumers, producers, and environmentalists are better off if firms decide to be environmentally responsible than if they decide not to. We also find that the decision to adopt ECSR depends on transboundary pollution. Under global damage firms engage in ECSR only if they are highly concerned about the environment. This means that the existence of transboundary pollution negatively affects the incentives of firms to be environmentally friendly. Finally, we find that when governments cooperatively determine their environmental taxes, firms engage in ECSR under both local and global damage. Thus, under global damage firms have greater incentives to be environmentally friendly when governments cooperate on environmental policies than when they do not. |
| Keywords: | Environmental corporate social responsibility; environmental tax; international trade; transboundary pollution. |
| JEL: | D43 L13 L22 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–10–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112583&r= |
| By: | Gregory P. Casey; Stephie Fried; Matthew Gibson |
| Abstract: | Existing climate-economy models use aggregate damage functions to model the effects of climate change. This approach assumes climate change has equal impacts on the productivity of firms that produce consumption and investment goods or services. We show the split between damage to consumption and investment productivity matters for the dynamic consequences of climate change. Drawing on the structural transformation literature, we develop a framework that incorporates heterogeneous climate damages. When investment is more vulnerable to climate, we find short-run consumption losses will be smaller than leading models with aggregate damage functions suggest, but long-run consumption losses will be larger. We quantify these effects for the climate damage from heat stress and find that accounting for heterogeneous damages increases the welfare cost of climate change by approximately 4 to 24 percent, depending on the discount factor. |
| Keywords: | climate change, structural transformation, growth |
| JEL: | O13 O44 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9499&r= |
| By: | Mikkel Bennedsen (Aarhus University and CREATES); Eric Hillebrand (Aarhus University and CREATES); Sebastian Jensen (Aarhus University and CREATES) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the relationship between per capita gross domestic product and per capita carbon dioxide emissions using national-level panel data for the period 1960-2018. We propose a novel semiparametric panel data methodology that combines country and time fixed effects with a nonparametric neural network regression component. Globally and for the regions OECD and Asia, we find evidence of an inverse U-shaped relationship, often referred to as an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). For OECD, the EKC-shape disappears when using consumption-based emissions data, suggesting the EKC-shape observed for OECD is driven by emissions exports. For Asia, the EKC-shape becomes even more pronounced when using consumption-based emissions data and exhibits an earlier turning point. JEL classifcation: C14, C23, C45, C51, C52, C53 Key words: Territorial carbon dioxide emissions, Consumption-based carbon dioxide emissions, Environmental Kuznets curve, Climate econometrics, Panel data, Machine learning, Neural networks |
| Date: | 2022–05–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aah:create:2022-09&r= |
| By: | Maria Alessia Aiello (Bank of Italy); Cristina Angelico (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses severe systemic risks to the financial sector through multiple transmission channels. In this paper, we estimate the potential impact of different carbon taxes (€50, €100, €200 and €800 per ton of CO2) on the Italian banks’ default rates at the sector level in the short term using a counterfactual analysis. We build on the micro-founded climate stress test approach proposed by Faiella et al. (2021), which estimates the energy demand of Italian firms using granular data and simulates the effects of the alternative taxes on the share of financially vulnerable agents (and their debt). Credit risks stemming from introducing a carbon tax – during periods of low default rates – are modest on banks: on average, in a one-year horizon, the default rates of firms increase but remain below their historical averages. The effect is heterogeneous across different sectors and rises with the tax value; however, even assuming a tax of €800 per ton of CO2, the default rates are lower than the historical peaks. |
| Keywords: | climate change, carbon tax, climate stress test, banks’ credit risk |
| JEL: | Q43 Q48 Q58 G21 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_688_22&r= |
| By: | Giorgio Tripodi; Francesco Lamperti; Roberto Mavilia; Andrea Mina; Francesca Chiaromonte; Fabrizio Lillo |
| Abstract: | Negative emissions technologies (NETs) feature prominently in most scenarios that halt climate change and deliver on the Paris Agreement's temperature goal. As of today, however, their maturity and desirability are highly debated. Since the social value of new technologies depends on how novel knowledge fuels practical solutions, we take an innovation network perspective to quantify the multidimensional nature of knowledge spillovers generated by twenty years of research in NETs. In particular, we evaluate the likelihood that scientific advances across eight NET domains stimulate (i) further production of knowledge, (ii) technological innovation, and (iii) policy discussion. Taking as counterfactual scientific advances not related to NETs, we show that NETs-related research generates overall significant, positive knowledge spillovers within science and from science to technology and policy. At the same time, stark differences exist across carbon removal solutions. For example, the ability to turn scientific advances in NETs into technological developments is a nearly exclusively feature of Direct Air Capture (DAC), while Bio-energy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) lags behind. Conversely, BECCS and Blue Carbon (BC) have gained relative momentum in the policy and public debate, vis-Ã -vis limited spillovers from advances in DAC to policy. Moreover, both scientific advances and collaborations cluster geographically by type of NET, which might affect large-scale diffusion. Finally, our results suggest the existence of coordination gaps between NET-related science, technology, and policy. |
| Keywords: | Climate change mitigation; Negative emissions technologies; Carbon dioxide removal; Innovation; Knowledge spillovers; Data mining; Networks. |
| Date: | 2022–05–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssa:lemwps:2022/17&r= |
| By: | Guy Meunier; Jean-Pierre Ponssard |
| Abstract: | The paper examines the relevant cost benefit framework for public authorities investigating the potential of local projects to mitigate climate change. Because these projects are typically limited in time and space, continuation pathways need be introduced to capture the benefits provided by a project over the longer term. This issue is particularly acute in the transition toward carbon neutrality, which aims for the full abatement of emissions by a future end date. The relevant question is not whether or not to decarbonize an activity but when to do so, and how. We propose a new metric that incorporates into the analytical framework the dynamic interactions between a project and its continuation. This metric is defined as the annual overall discounted cost divided by the long term annual abatement. The new metric is a non trivial extension of the standard cost of abatement. It determines when precisely to launch a given project and addresses the question of how to compare competing projects using their on going emissions up to their respective optimal launch dates. Two illustrations make clear the novelty of our approach: the choice of the optimal mix of technologies for the electricity sector and the comparison between competing green technologies for mobility. |
| Keywords: | cost benefit analysis, abatement cost, time value of money, learning-by-doing |
| JEL: | Q51 Q56 R58 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9707&r= |
| By: | Alessandro Ferrari (Bank of Italy); Valerio Nispi Landi (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | We analyse a progressive increase in the tax on emissions in a simple two-period New Keynesian model with an AS-AD representation. We find that the increase in the tax today exerts inflationary pressures, but the expected further increase in the tax tomorrow depresses current demand, putting downward pressure on prices: we show that the second effect is larger. However, if households do not anticipate a future fall in income (because they are not rational or the government is not credible), the overall effect of the transition may be inflationary in the first period. We extend the analysis in a medium-scale DSGE model and we find again that the green transition is deflationary. Also in this larger model, by relaxing the rational expectations assumption, we show the transition may initially be inflationary. |
| Keywords: | expectations, AS AD, aggregate prices, climate policy, pollution tax |
| JEL: | D84 E31 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_686_22&r= |
| By: | Tappi, Marco; Nardone, Gianluca; Santeramo, Fabio |
| Abstract: | The weather index-based insurances may help farmers to cope with climate risks overcoming the most common issues of traditional insurances. However, the weather index-based insurances present the limit of the basis risk: a significant yield loss may occur although the weather index does not trigger the indemnification, or a compensation may be granted even if there has not been a yield loss. Our investigation, conducted on Apulia region (Southern Italy), aimed at deepening the knowledge on the linkages between durum wheat yields and weather events, i.e., the working principles of weather index-based insurances, occurring in susceptible phenological phases. We found several connections among weather and yields and highlight the need to collect more refined data to catch further relationships. We conclude opening a reflection on how the stakeholders may make use of publicly available data to design effective weather crop insurances. |
| Keywords: | climate change, farming system, phenological phase, risk, weather insurance |
| JEL: | G22 Q14 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112888&r= |
| By: | Beshir, H.A.;; Fichera, E.; |
| Abstract: | Air pollution is a global concern for its negative externalities on the climate, but also on the healthcare sector and human capital accumulation. Yet, there is scant evidence on the effectiveness of clean air transport policies. In this study we investigate the effects of London’s Low Emission Zone (LEZ) and Ultra-Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) on health and well-being. We exploit the temporal and spatial variation of these policies, implemented in Greater London (LEZ) and Central London (ULEZ) in 2008 and 2019, respectively. Using a difference-in-differences approach and linked survey and administrative data, we find LEZ has significantly reduced PM10 by 12% of the baseline mean and ULEZ has reduced both NO2 by 12.4% and PM10 by 27%. We also show improvements in health with LEZ reducing limiting health problems by 7%, COPD by 14.5% and sick leave by 17%; and ULEZ reducing number of health conditions by 22.5%, anxiety by 6.5%, and sick leave by 18%. A back of the envelope cost-benefit analysis indicates savings for £963.7M for the overall population. |
| Keywords: | air pollution; well-being; low emission zones; |
| JEL: | I25 J1 O12 |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:yor:hectdg:22/09&r= |
| By: | Banerjee, Sanchayan; Galizzi, Matteo M.; John, Peter; Mourato, Susana |
| Abstract: | Nudges have been increasingly deployed to deliver climate policies in the last decade. Recent evidence shows nudges are hard to scale–up. So can we use nudges more effectively, or should we rely on other tools of behaviour change? We argue that reflective strategies can enhance nudges by encouraging agency and ownership in citizens. We test this by systematically comparing nudges to reflective interventions like thinks, boosts, and nudge+ over orders of low-carbon meals using an online experiment with 3,074 participants in the United Kingdom. We find all behavioural interventions increase intentions for climate-friendly diets, but encouraging reflection prior to nudging (“nudge+”) strengthens these treatment effects. There is no evidence of negative behavioural spillovers as measured by participants’ donations to pro-social charities. There is potential for reflective policies in promoting climate citizenship. |
| Keywords: | nudge; think; boost; nudge+; climate-friendly diets; climate citizenship; Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science; Department of Political Economy; Department of Geography and Environment |
| JEL: | C90 D91 I12 Q18 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115032&r= |
| By: | BOYSEN-URBAN Kirsten (European Commission - JRC); M'BAREK Robert (European Commission - JRC); PHILIPPIDIS George; FERRER Hugo |
| Abstract: | Healthier, more sustainable and more equitable food systems have a key role to deliver progress on all 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims at assessing the impact of behavioural changes with regard to food consumption with a focus on the objectives of SDG target 12.3. As a stylised representation of our finite planetary resources, the study employs a recursive dynamic global computable general equilibrium simulation model known as MAGNET, which is ideally suited to examining forward-looking medium- to long-term scenarios. The scenarios selected represent important targeted synergetic directions for tackling the most pressing challenges of today and the future, put in place on a global policy agenda with the SDGs and the Paris agreement. From a European perspective, within the context of the European Green Deal and related strategies, the market driven dynamics explored in this report constitute a relevant building block toward the realisation of a sustainable 21st century vision of European agriculture. For example, there is a clear complementarity in pairing the attitudinal changes toward more sustainable food consumption examined in this report, with environmentally friendly and, albeit, potentially productivity reducing farming practises. The implications for food affordability, sustainable usage of resources and the protection of rural livelihoods through payments linked to efficient and socially responsible agricultural production practises, offers great promise and should constitute a line of inquiry for further research. |
| Keywords: | food system, food waste, food loss, diets, modelling, MAGNET, CGE |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc126157&r= |
| By: | Francesco D'Acunto; Sascha Möhrle; Florian Neumeier; Andreas Peichl; Michael Weber; Sascha Möhrle; Michael Weber |
| Abstract: | Climate change policies have been rising to the top of the global political agenda, but how should governments finance them? Public economists propose solutions based on economic theory, but their political feasibility depends on voters’ support, and ordinary households often neglect economic theory and have different views about efficiency and fairness. We design a large-scale information experiment to assess a representative population’s beliefs about alternative forms of financing. We randomly provide information about which groups contribute more to or benefit from climate change and compare the support for alternative financing schemes across informed and uninformed consumers. Informed consumers strongly support the introduction of a VAT-style CO2 tax after learning that the rich contribute more to climate change than the poor, but do not support increasing taxes on older people when learning that they also pollute more. Moreover, consumers who learn that certain populations, due to luck, gain economically from climate change strongly oppose redistribution from gainers to losers of climate change. Consumers also oppose financing policies to fight climate change via public debt, implying higher costs for future generations. Market-based solutions, such as private insurance for those exposed to climate-change risk, are strongly opposed across the board. |
| Keywords: | climate policy, fiscal policy, taxation, expectations, inequality |
| JEL: | D64 D84 D91 F38 H23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9727&r= |
| By: | Fatima Touhami (Laboratoire de recherche multidisciplinaire en économie et gestion); Mohamed El Moukhtar |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03650161&r= |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a growing threat to our food systems, with grim implications for food and nutrition security, livelihoods, and overall well-being, especially for poor and vulnerable people around the world. The imperative for urgent action on climate change — both to achieve the major emissions reductions needed to limit global warming and to increase adaptive capacity and resilience — is drawing global attention. The 2022 Global Food Policy Report sets out a broad range of opportunities for accelerated action that should be considered in policy and investment decision-making for climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience. |
| Keywords: | WORLD; climate change; food systems; nutrition; food security; mitigation; trade; social protection; governance; diet; resilience; healthy diets; innovation; value chains; finance; research; data; technology; policies; Coronavirus; coronavirus disease; Coronavirinae; COVID-19; climate finance; digital innovation; food systems transformation |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:9780896294271&r= |
| By: | Shayegh, Soheil; Dasgupta, Shouro |
| Abstract: | Women in developing countries are more exposed to the adverse effects of climate change. We develop a structural model to study the long-term impacts of climate and socioeconomic changes on labour supply and the pay gap between male/female and high-skilled/low-skilled labour. We calibrate our model with empirical evidence on the impacts of increasing temperatures on labour availability in two general economic sectors with high and low exposure to rising temperatures. Using five waves of nationally representative micro-survey data in South Africa from 2008 to 2017, we find that while high-skilled labour availability is insensitive to climate change, higher temperatures have a negative impact on working hours of low-skilled labour specially among women in the high-exposure sector. We incorporate these findings in an overlapping generations (OLG) model to show that climate-induced reduction in labour availability increases the relative wages of low-skilled female labour and reduces the wage gap between male and female labour in the high-exposure sector, and between high-skilled and low-skilled female labour, in general. Considering climate change damages both on sectoral productivity and on labour availability, we project that by the end of the century, the output per adult will drop by about 11 percentage points under a severe climate scenario. This calls for more targeted adaptation policies that build on the potential benefits of climate change in reducing gender inequality and empowering women to take up more active roles in designing and implementing such policies at the local level. |
| Keywords: | gender inequality; labour; wage; skill; Africa; South Africa; European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No 821124 – NAVIGATE – Next generation of AdVanced InteGrated Assessment modelling to support climaTE policy making. |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2022–05–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:115183&r= |
| By: | Bachev, Hrabrin |
| Abstract: | Despite growing environmental issues, and increasing public and private interests, scientific studies on the management of agroecosystem services are at the beginning stage. This article incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics framework and identifies and assesses a diverse private, market, collective, and public modes of management of ecosystem services applied by the Bulgarian farms. The study has found that farms of the country use a great variety of private, market, collective, and public modes of governance of farm activity related to agroecosystem services. There is significant differentiation of employed managerial forms depending on the type of ecosystem services and specialization of agricultural holdings. Management of agroecosystem services is associated with a considerable increase in the production and transaction costs of participating farms as well as big socio-economic and environmental effects for holdings and other parties. Factors that mostly stimulate the activity of Bulgarian producers for the protection of agro-ecosystems and their services are participation in public support programs, access to farmers' advice, professional training, available information, and innovation, received direct subsidies, personal conviction and satisfaction, positive experience of others, long-term and immediate benefits for the farm, and integration with suppliers, buyers and processors. A suggested holistic framework for analyzing the system of management of agro-ecosystem services is to be extended and improved, and widely and periodically applied in the future. |
| Keywords: | ecosystem services, modes of management, Bulgarian farms |
| JEL: | Q10 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q18 Q2 Q22 Q24 Q25 Q26 Q28 Q3 Q5 Q51 Q52 Q53 Q54 Q56 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112847&r= |
| By: | Schöttker, Oliver; Hütt, Christoph; Jauker, Frank; Witt, Johanna; Bareth, Georg; Wätzold, Frank |
| Abstract: | Paying landowners for conservation results rather than paying for the measures intended to provide such results is a promising approach for biodiversity conservation. However, a key roadblock for the widespread implementation of such result-based payment schemes are the frequent difficulties to monitor target species for whose presence a landowner is supposed to receive a remuneration. Until recently, the only conceivable monitoring approach would be conventional monitoring techniques, by which qualified experts investigate the presence of target species on-site. With the rise of remote sensing technologies, in particular increased capabilities and decreased costs of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), technological monitoring opportunities enter the scene. We analyse the costs of monitoring an ecological target of a hypothetical result-based payments scheme and compare the monitoring cost between conventional monitoring and UAV-assisted monitoring. We identify the underlying cost structure and cost components of both monitoring approaches and use a scenario analysis to identify the influence of factors like UAV and analysis costs, area size, and monitoring frequency. We find that although conventional monitoring is the least-cost monitoring approach today, future cost developments are likely to render UAV-assisted monitoring more cost-effective. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity conservation; flowering resources; grassland; monitoring; costs; precision farming; remote sensing; result-based payments |
| JEL: | Q15 Q16 Q57 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112942&r= |
| By: | Cathrine Hagem; Snorre Kverndokk; Eric Nævdal; Knut Einar Rosendahl |
| Abstract: | Abatement can be performed by measures that have an impact on present emissions, but no lasting effect, and by long-lived infrastructure investments. We study the optimal combination of short and long-lived options for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, by specifying abatement cost functions depending on abatement from these two options. Electrification of the transport sector is used as an example. A transition from internal combustion engines vehicles (ICEVs) to electric vehicles (EVs) can be incentivized by both subsidies on purchases of EVs and increased density of fast chargers. Subsidizing the purchase of EVs only leads to emissions reductions in the next few years (static option), whereas investment in infrastructure also will reduce abatement costs in several years to come (dynamic option). We find that the present marginal abatement cost of the dynamic alternative exceeds the costs of static abatement in optimum, thus the dynamic option may be profitable even if it is more expensive. A higher expected abatement cost in later periods most likely makes it even more profitable to use the dynamic policy instrument. This framework is used for a numerical study on electrification of the transport sector in Norway. The numerical simulations confirm the results of the theory model. Flexibility in the domestic target over time and the presence of an international permit market affect the combination of static and dynamic abatement. This stresses the importance of early and time consistent plans for international regulations of GHG emissions. |
| Keywords: | emissions permit market, infrastructure investments, electric vehicles |
| JEL: | C63 H21 Q54 R42 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9735&r= |
| By: | Annie Ouin (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Émilie Andrieu (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Gerard Balent (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Romain Carrié (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEC - Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] - Lund University [Lund]); Jean-Philippe Choisis (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, UMR SELMET - Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro); Jean-François Dejoux (CESBIO - Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - OMP - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées - Météo-France - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]); Jean-Pierre del Corso (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville); James Desaegher (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Mathieu Fauvel (CESBIO - Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - OMP - Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées - Météo-France - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] - CNES - Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse]); Nicola Gallai (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville); Sylvie Ladet (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Justine Rivers-Moore (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Zafarani Uwingabire (LEREPS - Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux - UT1 - Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse - ENSFEA - École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville); David Sheeren (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); A. Vialatte (DYNAFOR - Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers - École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT] - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Barbara Cichosz (CRA Occitanie - Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture d'Occitanie) |
| Abstract: | The aims of the Sebioref projet was to estimate the pollination service provided by wild bees and identify the landscape properties driving the delivery of this ecosystem service. The ultimate objective was to explore the potential coordination between ecosystem service providers and users at the landscape scale. The project was conducted by three laboratories (Dynafor, Cesbio, Lereps) and co-led by the Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture d'Occitanie. The Sebioref project has provided remote sensing tools to identify floral resources in grasslands over large spatial extents and spatially explicit modelling of both pollination service and stakeholders' cooperation. We show that the management of pollination services for insect- dependent crops needs a landscape-scale approach, in order for the crop-pollinating bees to benefit from complementary floral resources provided by hedges, wood edges and grasslands. The agro-ecological transition should therefore take into account landscape-scale ecological processes to maximize pollination services. We have also showed that stakeholders feel very concerned by wild bee conservation and could generate insightful suggestions to promote wild bee diversity and pollination services. Collective action seems to be the best way to meet expectations for multifunctional landscape. |
| Abstract: | Le projet PSDR4 Sebioref avait pour objectif de qualifier le service écosystémique de pollinisation rendu par la biodiversité, et d'identifier les leviers paysagers pour améliorer ce service de pollinisation. In fine, l'objectif était d'envisager des coordinations entre producteurs et utilisateurs potentiels de services écosystémiques à l'échelle des territoires. Il a été mené par trois laboratoires (Dynafor, Cesbio, Lereps) et co-animé avec la Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture d'Occitanie. Le projet Sebioref a fourni des outils en télédétection pour l'identification des ressources florales dans les prairies sur de larges étendues, la modélisation spatialisée du processus de pollinisation et de concertation entre les acteurs. Nous avons montré que le service écosystémique de pollinisation, notamment vis à vis des cultures entomophiles, nécessitait une approche paysagère pour permettre la complémentarité entre les ressources florales présentes dans les haies, lisières de bois et prairies. Ainsi, la transition agro-écologique devra intégrer les échelles paysagères et territoriales. Nous avons aussi montré que les acteurs du territoire étudié sont très concernés par la protection des espèces d'abeilles sauvages et sont sources de propositions pour favoriser cette diversité et les services qu'elle rend. L'action collective semble donc être la plus à même de répondre aux attentes des acteurs dans la gestion d'un paysage qui produit et offre une multitude de services. |
| Keywords: | Télédétection,Modélisation,Ecologie du paysage,Acteurs,Pollinisation,Remote sensing,Modelling,Landscape ecology,Stakeholders,Pollination |
| Date: | 2022–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03645000&r= |
| By: | Bulaon, June Patrick; Shoji, Masahiro |
| Abstract: | The relevance of non-cognitive skill to individuals’ socio-economic outcomes has become a crucial point of interest. The literature suggests that those who possess growth mindsets—the belief that intelligence and ability can be developed—are more likely to succeed academically and respond better to adversity and social exclusion. However, how these beliefs or mindsets are formed are scarcely explored. Exploiting exogenous variations in the timing and path of tropical cyclones in the Philippines, this study examines the persistent effects of experiencing natural disasters in childhood on adult growth mindset. Results reveal that exposure to more tropical cyclones during in utero and infancy leads adults to believe that intelligence and ability are fixed and cannot be developed. We also provide evidence that this effect is mediated by poor childhood nutrition and health. Such findings point to the significance of prioritizing infant and maternal care in disaster and climate policy. |
| Keywords: | implicit theories of intelligence; growth mindset; fetal origins hypothesis; tropical cyclones; climate change |
| JEL: | I25 J24 O15 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112913&r= |
| By: | Cheo, Ambe Emmanuel; Adelhardt, Nora; Krieger, Tim; Berneiser, Jessica; Sanchez Santillano, Federico Alberto; Bingwa, Brendon; Suleiman, Nischa; Thiele, Patricia; Royes, Alvaro; Gudopp, Daniel; Sidibé, Amadou; Fahmy, Karim; Tambo, Erick; Diallo, Yacouba; Sogoba, Bougouna |
| Abstract: | Small-scale, rain-fed subsistence agriculture and pastoralism represent the major activity for Africa. For Mali, this represents about 80% of the population employed by the agricultural sector and contributes to about 42% of the Gross domestic product (GDP). The overreliance on rainfall, competing for the most valuable lands, the increasing scarcity of water, the lack of innovative technologies and infrastructure has made the agriculture sector vulnerable to climatic and non-climatic risks including an increase in the number of land conflicts. In addition, inadequate access to affordable energy has also limited social opportunities for the poor communities, especially in rural areas of Mali. Water Energy and Food (WEF) Nexus solutions such as agrivoltaics are increasingly being deployed to improve access to water for agricultural uses, improve yields and incomes, reduce drudgery especially for women, enhancing resilience and microclimate, improve land use efficiency and food security. This innovative approach has opened new prospects to improve the quality of life for people as well as their environment as a whole. Agrivoltaics is rapidly gaining popularity in many countries but not yet in African countries. This paper presents a feasibility analysis, recommendations and future directions of agrivoltaics in Mali and in Africa as a whole. Furthermore, applications of agrivoltaic systems are discussed in terms of their socio-economic and environmental effects, emphasizing also the necessity of integrative thinking in the process of strategic planning for achieving security in water, energy and food. |
| Keywords: | Nexus solutions,Climate change,Sahel region,Sub-Saharan Africa,Innovation |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wgspdp:202203&r= |
| By: | , viaScience |
| Abstract: | The role of social significance in the development of ecotourism. In Western countries, ecotourism is a socio-economic sphere. Because, ecotourism is one of the promising sectors of economic benefit, which is developing at an accelerated pace. When the role of tourism is identified, as its main activities, it is understood to serve to create a material and intangible environment, to change the work of leisure and activities, to ensure health protection, to form the population of environmental culture and awareness |
| Date: | 2022–03–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:v29dm&r= |
| By: | Ronan Le Velly (UMR Innovation - Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro) |
| Abstract: | Based on a qualitative analysis of practical guides and legal comments on sustainable public procurement, the author studies how the introduction of sustainable development objectives into public procurement law has changed the public markets' competition rules. He shows that since the end of the 1990s, there has been a gradual widening of the scope of acceptable discrimination in calls for tenders and the recognition of new purposes for public procurement. However, this expansion is contained by the fundamental principles of competition stated in the law. The preference for a local purchase remains strictly prohibited, even when it is promoted in the name of sustainable development. Similarly, sourcing and allotment are promoted both as levers for improving sustainability and as means of increasing competition. |
| Abstract: | En s'appuyant sur une analyse qualitative de guides pratiques et de commentaires juridiques, l'article étudie la façon dont l'introduction du développement durable dans le droit de la commande publique a modifié les règles de concurrence des marchés publics. Il montre qu'il s'est opéré depuis la fin des années 1990 un élargissement progressif du périmètre des discriminations acceptables lors des appels d'offres et la reconnaissance de nouvelles finalités pour la commande publique. Pour autant, cet élargissement est contenu dans son ampleur par les principes fondamentaux de concurrence affirmés dans la loi. La préférence pour un achat local demeure strictement interdite, y compris lorsqu'elle est défendue au nom du développement durable. De même, la promotion du sourcing et de l'allotissement résulte autant d'une volonté d'accroître la durabilité que de renforcer la concurrence. |
| Keywords: | Sourcing,Marchés publics,Développement durable,Concurrence,Code de la commande publique |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03647718&r= |
| By: | Schmidt, James |
| Abstract: | Analysis: Loss rates for single family homes threatened by wildfires in nine Northern California fires in the 2015-2021 time period are analyzed. 26,915 homes are included in the study. 21,504 of those homes were destroyed (79.8%). Vegetation cover is estimated for the area within 25 meters and within 500 meters of each structure point by reclassifying a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) image derived from high resolution infrared aerial imagery. Weather parameters for the maximum loss day on each fire are taken from the nearest Remote Automatic Weather Station (RAWS). Logistic regression is used to estimate the probability of structure loss, considering weather variables, vegetation cover, and structure patterns. Results: Structure density, vegetation cover within 25 meters and within 500 meters of a structure point, maximum wind levels and maximum temperature levels are all positively related to structure loss. Homes in high structure density areas (i.e., more than 400 structures per km2 within a 200-meter distance) have a predicted loss rate 20% higher than homes in low structure density areas, most likely due to increases in structure-to-structure spread. 33% of the losses in high structure density areas can be attributed to structure density compared to 13% of losses in the low structure density areas. Conclusions: Although reductions in vegetation cover do decrease structure loss rates, even very large changes in vegetation cover would not be sufficient to reduce loss rates to low levels. With a reduction of 50% in the average vegetation cover levels in both the 25-meter and 500-meter zones, predicted loss rates for these fires would still be over 50% for low structure density areas and nearly 80% for high structure density areas. |
| Keywords: | Defensible space, structure loss, wildfire, WUI, fuel reduction, radiant heat, structure density, embers, flames, fire prevention, NDVI, Sierra Nevada, Bay Area, wind, Northern California, Camp Fire, Tubbs Fire, Butte Fire, Dixie Fire, Caldor Fire, LNU Complex Fire, Claremont-Bear Fire, Carr Fire |
| JEL: | Q20 Q23 Q5 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–03–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112191&r= |
| By: | Gaston Clément Nyassoke Titi (Université de Douala); Jules Sadefo-Kamdem (MRE - Montpellier Recherche en Economie - UM - Université de Montpellier); Louis Aimé Fono (Université de Douala) |
| Abstract: | In this article, we provide a general framework for analyzing the optimal harvest of a renewable resource(i.e. fish, shrimp) assuming that the price and biomass evolve stochastically and harvesters have a constantrelative risk aversion (CRRA) . In order to take into account the impact of a sudden change in the environ-ment linked to the ecosystem, we assume that the biomass are governed by a stochastic differential equationof the ‘Gilpin-Ayala' type, with regime change in the parameters of the drift and variance. Under the aboveassumptions, we find the optimal effort to be deployed by the collector (fishery for example) in order tomaximize the expected utility of its profit function. To do this, we give the proof of the existence anduniqueness of the value function, which is derived from the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations associatedwith this problem, by resorting to a definition of the viscosity solution. |
| Keywords: | Stochastic Gilpin-Ayala,CRRA utility,Viscosity solutions,Renewable Resources,Optimal Effort |
| Date: | 2022–04–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03169348&r= |
| By: | Hennen, Sonja |
| Abstract: | Degrowth's search for a qualitatively and quantitively different economy is given legitimacy by the severity of the socio-ecological crisis, paired with a lack of evidence that resource use and environmental impact can be decoupled in absolute terms at a meaningful point in time and studies refuting the trickle-down hypothesis. However, there are few accounts of the potentially adverse effects of a halt of perpetual economic growth on the livelihoods of already marginalized and vulnerable communities and the general justice of a degrowth transition. This paper analyses to what extent Environmental Justice theory (EJ) could compensate for this deficit and thus contribute to a more comprehensive and inclusive understanding of justice in the degrowth concept. To do so, the paper firstly establishes gaps across central pillars of degrowth reasoning with regards to a just transition. It discusses evidence that degrowth seeks global socio-ecological justice on distributive grounds and with respect to recognition but falls short in conceptualizing the role that structural power systems (both on micro and macro level) as well as institutional governance mechanisms play in advancing a globally just degrowth transition. The second section of the analysis highlights those concepts within critical EJ theory that, based on the gaps identified, could enable a more extensive understanding of the necessary parameters for a just degrowth transition, namely in the areas of recognition, decoloniality, and theory of the state. |
| Keywords: | degrowth,socio-ecological crisis,environmental justice,theory of the state |
| JEL: | F54 H10 O44 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ipewps:1792022&r= |
| By: | Mohamed Elmoukhtar (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Fatima Touhami (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane); Othmane Taouabit (USMS - Université Sultan Moulay Slimane) |
| Abstract: | The development, whether economic, social or environmental, of our country depends on its capacity to create and develop innovative products and services. The creation of green activity and the creation of green companies and start-ups are thus fully involved in this process. For this reason, higher education institutions have invested in this new dynamic of green entrepreneurial culture, in particular through the support and monitoring of innovative green projects. Of course, entrepreneurship is a process that requires certain skills and attitudes, which can only be acquired through well adapted teaching and training programmes. Such programmes would eventually foster the emergence of business ideas or opportunities, and ultimately the creation of a business. Like most disciplines that belong to the management and social sciences. Green entrepreneurship can even be the subject of academic teaching in Morocco. The main question of our research is: What is the role that the Moroccan university can play in promoting green entrepreneurship in Morocco? Our research aims to provide some answers to this question. In order to define it closely, we will take a practical case, namely the Sultan Moulay Slimane University of Béni-Mellal, with the aim of drawing certain conclusions and recommendations. Indeed, to answer our problematic we intend to adopt a mixed research approach in a perspective where we can associate the qualitative (semi-directive interviews) with the quantitative (questionnaire) through triangulation. It should be noted that despite the richness of the theoretical field with regard to the availability of information on entrepreneurship, the treatment of "green entrepreneurship" remains limited or non-existent. This is the main reason why we will discuss the role of the university in promoting green entrepreneurship in a broad sense. In the empirical part, we will try to see if the Sultan Moulay Slimane University is able to sensitize its students to become eco-entrepreneurs. From the analysed results of our quantitative study, we can say that students consider green entrepreneurship to be very important. However it is the gain that remains their major concern in relation to autonomy and self-realisation. Among their suggestions, they propose the setting up of training courses and seminars so that they can familiarise themselves with this new concept. As for the result of the qualitative study, we can say that Sultan Moulay Slimane University needs to review its pedagogical practices, to introduce a module on green entrepreneurship, to encourage students to present green projects and to give importance to eco-responsible skills and competences. |
| Abstract: | Le développement, que ça soit, économique, social ou environnemental de notre pays, dépend de sa capacité à créer et à développer des produits et des services innovants. La création d'activité verte et la création d'entreprise et de Start-Up verte participent ainsi pleinement à ce processus. Raison pour laquelle, les institutions d'enseignement supérieur, se sont investies dans cette nouvelle dynamique de culture entrepreneuriale verte notamment via l'accompagnement et le suivi des porteurs de projets innovants verts. Certes, l'entrepreneuriat est un processus qui nécessite certaines aptitudes et attitudes, qui ne peuvent être acquises que par des programmes d'enseignements et de formations bien adaptés. De tels programmes favoriseraient éventuellement l'émergence d'idées ou d'opportunités d'affaires, et in finela création d'entreprises.Comme la plupart des disciplines qui appartiennent aux sciences de gestion et management, et aux sciences sociales, l'entrepreneuriat vert peut même faire l'objet d'un enseignement académique au Maroc. La question principale de notre recherche est de savoir: Quel est donc le rôle que l'université marocaine pourra jouer dans la promotion de l'entrepreneuriat vertau Maroc ?Notre recherche vise à donner certains éléments de réponse à notre problématique. Pour la cerner de près, nous allons prendre un cas pratique à savoir l'Université Sultan Moulay Slimane de Béni-Mellal, ceci dans le but d'en tirer certaines conclusions et recommandations. En effet, pour répondre à notre problématique nous comptons adopter une approche de recherche mixte dans une perspective où on peut associer le qualitatif (entretiens semi-directifs) au quantitatif (questionnaire) par le biais de la triangulation. Il faut noter que malgré la richesse du champ théorique en ce qui concerne la disponibilité de l'information sur l'entrepreneuriat, du côté de «l'entrepreneuriat vert» le traitement reste limité, voire inexistant. C'est la raison principale pour laquelle nous évoquerons le rôle de l'université dans la promotion de l'entrepreneuriat vert au sens large. Dans la partie empirique, nous essayerons de voir si l'Université Sultan Moulay Slimane est en mesure de sensibiliser ses étudiants à devenir des éco-entrepreneurs. À partir de l'analyse des résultats de l'étude quantitative, nous pouvons dire que les étudiants jugent que l'entrepreneuriat vert est très important, toutefois c'est le gain qui constitue leur préoccupation majeure par rapport à l'autonomie et la réalisation de soi. Parmi leurs suggestions, ils proposent la mise en place de formations et séminaires afin qu'ils puissent se familiariser avec ce nouveau concept. Quant aux résultats de l'étude qualitative, nous pouvons dire que l'université Sultan Moulay Slimane a besoin de revoir ses pratiques pédagogiques, d'introduire un module sur l'entrepreneuriat vert, d'encourager les étudiants à présenter des projets verts et de donner de l'importance aux compétences et habiletés éco-responsables |
| Keywords: | Green entrepreneurship,green economy,sustainable development,Moroccan University,Entrepreneuriat vert,économie verte,Développement durable,Université Marocaine. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03650162&r= |
| By: | Ulimwengu, John M.; Thomas, Timothy S.; Marivoet, Wim; Benin, Samuel |
| Abstract: | The paper analyzes the determinants of long-term individual and community resilience for food and nutrition security in South Sudan using data from multiple sources including key informant interviews, household and community surveys, and georeferenced secondary data on climate, agricultural production, irrigation, and market access. Major agricultural development constraints as well as incidence of and responses to shocks and conflict are described. Climate-crop modeling and simulation methods are used to evaluate the constraints and to identify crop investment options. Then, a spatial typology of food and nutrition security is used to evaluate the constraints along the production-to-nutrition pathway to identify interventions that target different segments of the chain and options for improving agriculture and broader development outcomes. These are classified into production, access, and utilization efficiencies, and whether the underlying constraints are structural (i.e., level of efficiency remains the same over time) or stochastic (i.e., level of efficiency changes over time). The analysis is focused on about a dozen selected counties. The results show that development challenges are being compounded by climate change, with significant increases in the mean annual rainfall and daily maximum temperature for the warmest month. Between 1975 and 2016 for example, the mean annual rainfall in the selected counties increased by 40-111 mm/year, with a rise in the intensity of 0.2-1.3 mm per event. The daily maximum temperature for the warmest month increased by 2.0-3.2°C. If these trends (especially for temperature) continue to 2050, crop yields are projected to decline in the selected counties on average by 12-23% for sorghum, 9-18% for maize, 19-30% for groundnuts, and 16-24% for cassava. In general, there is an inverse-U-shaped the relationship between temperature and yields. While the peak of the inverse U varies by crop, time of the growing season, and other factors, crops in South Sudan are typically on the downward sloping side of the inverse U implying that increases in temperature will decrease yields (and at an increasing rate). Results of a spatial typology show that a majority (78%) of the selected counties are classified as having medium production efficiency and 22% as low production efficiency, none with high production efficiency. With respect to access to nutritious food, 55%, 29%, and 17% of the counties are classified as low, medium, and high access efficiency, respectively. And regarding the conversion of food access into nutritional status, 37%, 26%, and 37% are classified as low, medium, and high utilization efficiency, respectively. Whereas production efficiency mostly remains constant over time, (with only 24% of the counties recording substantial changes in efficiency level), access and utilization efficiency appear more volatile (with substantial changes observed in 52% of the counties). These results suggest that the access segment of the production-to-nutrition value chain is the most constraining, followed by the utilization segment. The differences in the results across counties reflect differences in development constraints across the country, which are also described. Implications of the results for building long-term individual and community resilience are discussed, in addition to areas for further research. Given the complex nature of crises facing South Sudan, our findings call for a comprehensive policy approach to address not only the urgent humanitarian crisis but also to help restore agricultural production systems as well as support communities to cope, recover, and build their resilience to shocks and crises. This is in line with the Partnership for Recovery and Resilience (PfRR) integrated programme framework for resilience which comprises four pillars: i) re-establish access to basic services, ii) rebuild trust in people and institutions, iii) restore productive capacities, and iv) nurture effective partnerships. |
| Keywords: | REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; resilience; nutrition; nutrition security; value chains; households; modelling; food security; climate change; climate-crop modeling; market connectivity |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2117&r= |
| By: | Eric Bidet (UM - Le Mans Université); Nadine Richez-Battesti (LEST - Laboratoire d'économie et de sociologie du travail - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This article addresses the issue of the contribution of SSE to the SDGs through a compar- ative analysis conducted in two countries: France and South Korea. The theoretical perspective adopted is that of public action renewal through a co-production process and the method uses a mul- tidimensional analysis of the institutionalisation of SSE in both surveyed countries. Our results show that, far from a path dependency, there is a convergence process based on an increasing heterogeneity of the SSE dynamics in each of the national contexts. They also reveal that the institutionalisation of SSE reflects two conceptions of social innovation that each characterise the renewal of public action. In Korea, this conception is based on the production of goods and services with a social purpose by private actors, and in France, on co-construction processes that have been widely experimented with by SSE actors but remain unfinished. The result is an original and specific contribution in both countries to the SDGs, although this contribution is not fully explicit and recognised, both in terms of its results and process. This invisibilisation weakens the transformative potential of SSE in its contribution to sustainable development. |
| Keywords: | social economy,Korea,France,institutionalisation process,co-construction,social innovation |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03650216&r= |
| By: | K.B., Rangappa; G.K., Chetan Kumar |
| Abstract: | India is predominantly an agricultural nation. Agriculture is the source of livelihood security for majority of the rural population. Indian agriculture has witnessed several transformations since the beginning of planned economic development. These technological shifts have induced our farmers to adopt new technologies which are not native to our system. Majority of these technologies are imported or indigenously developed on imported ideas. Although these new technologies did help in transforming food deficit nation into food surplus nation, it seems like Green Revolution has run its course. Our paper is a descriptive attempt to trace the development of Indian agriculture along with identifying inherent structural problems it has. The final objective of the paper is not necessarily to give wholistic solutions to the problems but to discuss the issues at hand in hope of creating a conducive environment in academia for finding better solution. |
| Keywords: | Green Revolution, Sustainable Development, contemporary problems, wholistic approach |
| JEL: | Q1 Q15 Q18 Q19 |
| Date: | 2022–02–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112893&r= |
| By: | P. Battiston; L. Chollete; S. Harrison |
| Abstract: | Evidence in the applied literature indicates that policies intended to stimulate positive externalities via coercion can backfire. For example, Davis (2008) finds that when in 1989, the government of Mexico City tried to control air pollution by banning most drivers from driving their vehicle one weekday per week, many drivers bought another, used, high emissions car, which ended up worsening pollution. In order to test for such effects, we run a repeated public goods experiment where subjects are randomly forced to contribute. All group members are informed about forcing after it happens. We find that when random forcing is present, intended contributions are significantly larger in absolute terms. Moreover, contributions decrease significantly after being forced to contribute, and tend to increase after another group member is forced to contribute. Hence, our results indicate that forcing mechanisms have indirect effects that must be taken into account when assessing the overall impact of policies aimed at stimulating positive externalities. |
| Keywords: | unintended consequences, public good game, laboratory experiment, reciprocity |
| JEL: | C92 D04 H41 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:par:dipeco:2022-ep01&r= |
| By: | Nico, Gianluigi; Azzarri, Carlo |
| Abstract: | Agriculture in Africa has been traditionally seen as an important employment provider, supporting agriculture-based livelihoods of the vast majority of the African population, (James, 2014; World Bank, 2011) and absorbing the largest share of the employed population. Data suggest that almost 224 million people aged 15 and above are directly engaged in agriculture in Africa (ILO, 2021), corresponding to nearly half of the total employed population in the continent and absorbing ¼ of global agricultural employment. |
| Keywords: | AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; CENTRAL AFRICA; EAST AFRICA; NORTH AFRICA; SOUTHERN AFRICA; WEST AFRICA; employment; agriculture; weather variability; literature reviews; gender; women; men; farmers; shock; climate change; weather shock |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2115&r= |
| By: | Fukushige, Tatsuya MS; Fitch, Dillon T. PhD; Mohiuddin, Hossain MS; Andersen, Hayden BS; Jenn, Alan PhD |
| Abstract: | While micromobility services (e.g., bikeshare, e-bike share, e-scooter share) hold great potential for providing clean travel, estimating the effects of those services on vehicle miles traveled and reducing greenhouse gases is challenging. To address some of the challenges, this study examined survey, micromobility, and transit data collected from 2017 to 2021 in approximately 20 U.S. cities. Micromobility fleet utilization ranged widely from 0.7 to 12 trips per vehicle per day, and the average trip distance was 0.8 to 3.6 miles. The median (range) rates at which micromobility trips substituted for other modes were 41% (16–71%) for car trips, 36% (5–48%) for walking, and 8% (2–35%) for transit, 5% (2–42%) for no trip. In most cities, the mean actual trip distance was approximately 1.5 to 2 times longer than the mean distance of a line connecting origin to destination. There was a weak and unclear connection between micromobility use and transit use that requires further study to more clearly delineate, but micromobility use had a stronger positive relationship to nearby rail use than to nearby bus use in cities with rail and bus service. The COVID-19 pandemic led to more moderate declines in docked than in dockless bike-share systems. Metrics that would enable better assessment of the impacts of micromobility are vehicle miles traveled and emissions of micromobility fleets and their service vehicles, and miles and percentage of micromobility trips that connect to transit or substitute for car trips. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Micromobility, sustainable transportation, public transit, travel behavior, mode choice, performance metrics, COVID-19 |
| Date: | 2022–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt2pk6t2cz&r= |
| By: | Bedetti, Alessandro |
| Abstract: | This article aims to apply the statistical technique of hierarchical cluster analysis on a dataset in historical time series on the gross final consumption of energy from renewable sources in Europe from 2004 to 2019. The application of this method was very important for the creation of homogeneous groups with internal cohesion and external validity and to identify the different speeds with which EU countries have implemented their race towards the quotas established by Directive 2009/28 / EC of consumption of energy from renewable sources to be achieved in 2020. |
| Keywords: | Keywords: Energy transition, Cluster Analysis, Hierarchical methods, Dynamic Time Warping distance; Historical series |
| JEL: | C19 Q42 Q47 Q5 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–04–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112897&r= |
| By: | Pingali, Prabhu |
| Abstract: | Global food systems have gone through periodic transformtions over the past sixty years: the Green Revolution, the Livestock Revolution, and the globalisation of food trade are some of the epochal events observed. The nature and magnitude of biosecurity risks have evolved with the rising intensity and complexity of agriculture and food systems. While transboundary crop pests continue to challenge global food security, zoonotic diseases are rising as risks to human health. The global movement of goods and people has further expanded biosecurity risks, in terms of scale and intensity of impacts. Rising global temperatures will further exacerbate the risks associated with transboundary pest and zoonotic diseases. COVID-19 provides an important example of food systems impacts from a global health shock. Policy and management opportunities for managing biosecurity risks and rebuilding food system resilience need urgent assessment and global action. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp21:320487&r= |
| By: | Berger, Eva M.; Bialek, Sylwia; Garnadt, Niklas; Grimm, Veronika; Other, Lars; Salzmann, Leonard; Schnitzer, Monika; Truger, Achim; Wieland, Volker |
| Abstract: | [Introduction] The Russian war of aggression against Ukraine since 24 February 2022 has intensified the discussion of Europe's reliance on energy imports from Russia. A ban on Russian imports of oil, natural gas and coal has already been imposed by the United States, while the United Kingdom plans to cease imports of oil and coal from Russia by the end of 2022. The European Commission has announced on 5 April 2022 to ban coal imports from Russia (Europäische Kommission, 2022a). It has been wrestling with the idea of an oil and gas embargo against Russia. At the same time, Russia may decide to stop its energy exports to countries that are imposing sanctions. The German Federal Government is currently opposing an energy embargo against Russia (BMWK, 2022a). However, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) is working on a strategy to reduce energy imports from Russia (BMWK, 2022b, 2022c). The urgency to reduce dependency on Russian gas seemed to have increased particularly after the Russian president announced Russia would accept only the Russian currency Ruble for energy exports - even though the issue seems to have been solved by energy importers opening accounts at the Gazprom bank. On 30 March 2022 the BMWK has declared early warning, i.e., the first of three crises levels according to the emergency plan for gas (BMWK, 2022d), which is based on the EU regulation 2017/1938 concerning measures to safeguard the security of gas supply (BMWK, 2022d). The crisis level of early warning primarily serves at improving information flows and cooperation between the relevant authorities; currently, no market intervention is undertaken. In this paper we first give an overview of the German and European reliance on energy imports from Russia with a focus on gas imports (Section II) and we discuss price effects (Section II.1), alternative suppliers of natural gas (Section II.2), and the potential for saving and replacing natural gas (Section II.3). In Section III, we provide an overview of estimates of the consequences on the economic outlook if the conflict intensifies. Section IV concludes. |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:svrwwp:012022&r= |
| By: | Thoa Hoang; Ilan Noy |
| Abstract: | Managed retreat - the relocation of households or infrastructure out of harm’s way - is one of the most frequently recommended policies to reduce exposure to future losses from disasters. After the 2011 Christchurch earthquake in New Zealand, around 16000 people were relocated from their communities through a managed retreat program (the Residential Red Zone - RRZ). We use comprehensive, individual-level, administrative, panel data from Canterbury (2004-2018), and a difference-in-difference evaluation method to identify the effects of displacement on the RRZ population. We find that compared to their non-relocated neighbors, the RRZ population experienced a significant initial decrease in their wages and salaries, and in their total income. The impacts varied with the time spent in the re-zoned area, and the timing of their move. Wages and salaries of those who were red-zoned and moved in 2011 were reduced by 9%, and 10.4% for those who moved later (in 2012). Women faced greater decreases in wages and salaries, and total income. There were no discernible impacts of the relocation on self-employment income. In sum, we find strong evidence that the managed retreat program had identifiable adverse real effects on personal income. This finding has direct implications for the compensation packages that should be allocated in future managed retreat programs. |
| Keywords: | climate change adaptation, managed retreat, income |
| JEL: | Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_9502&r= |
| By: | Alicia Garcia-Herrero (Chief Economist for Asia Pacific at Natixis; Institute for Emerging Market Studies, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | Why so much attention is being paid to electric vehicles (EVs) in the green transition? The main reason is that the technology already exists to help governments reduce emissions as at reasonable costs. By pushing the shift towards EVs, governments can buy time to develop the technology to reduce emissions in other sectors at a reasonable cost. A second reason is that the EV sector offers a great industrial opportunity, not only for those who have traditionally produced cars but also for newcomers. Who is leading the race? The EU and China are so far leading but in different ways. The EU was the first to encourage the demand for sustainable cars, and to a lesser extent to produce them. China encourages productions with subsidies and is expected to benefit from the huge potential demands Alicia Garcia Herrero Adjunct Professor for Science and Technology at HKUST Senior Research Fellow at BRUEGEL The Future of Electric Vehicles in Asia from Asia. China also leads in battery components and controls the supply of related raw materials. The more batteries become a bottleneck to production, the more China can lead the race. Can the EV industry become another geopolitical battlefield? Components for EV batteries could easily become another geopolitical standoff and, possibly, a new bottleneck in the global supply chain. Countries that have benefited from Europe's leadership position in the automotive sector need to get their act together by starting production and ensuring the supply of their components. As for Asia ex-China, it is time to think of stepping up production of EVs and batteries to avoid excessive reliance on Chinese exports. |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hku:briefs:202264&r= |
| By: | Stefanova, Marina; Petrova, Vesela; Atanasov, Atanas; Nikolov, Emil; Nikol, Olya; Kambourova, Bilyana |
| Abstract: | BG:По подобие на финансовото счетоводство, данните за устойчивостта се превръщат в незаменим източник на информация за ефективното корпоративно управление на рисковете и възможностите пред развитието и успеха в бизнеса. Потребителите, инвеститорите и банките също започват да търсят такива данни, за да оценят стратегията и дългосрочната жизнеспособност на компаниите при вземането на инвестиционни решения. В тези компании правителствата разпознават партньор при изпълнение на ангажиментите си към Парижкото споразумение и Глобалните цели на ООН за устойчиво развитие. Различни проучвания обаче показват, че съществуващото отчитане не е съвместимо с тези цели и че липсата на интеграция с финансовите отчети означава, че предоставяната информация не е достатъчна за вземане на бизнес решения. Настоящото изследване е структурирано така, че да разкрие степента, в която задължените предприятия оповестяват пред широката общественост и потенциалните инвеститори информация за следните анализирани категории: бизнес модел, екологични и социални аспекти на своята дейност, политиките и практиките им по отношение правата на човека и борба с корупцията. Дългосрочната му цел е да допринесе за по-добрата информираност относно ролята на компаниите при създаване на добавена стойност както на пазара, така и за обществото като цяло. EN: Like financial accounting, sustainability data is becoming an indispensable source of information for effective corporate risk management and business development and success opportunities. Consumers, investors and banks are also beginning to look for such data to assess companies' strategy and long-term viability in making investment decisions. In these companies, governments recognize a partner in fulfilling their commitments to the Paris Agreement and the United Nations Global Goals for Sustainable Development. However, various studies show that existing reporting is not compatible with these objectives and that the lack of integration with financial statements means that the information provided is not sufficient for business decisions. This study is structured to reveal the extent to which obligated companies disclose to the general public and potential investors information on the following analyzed categories: business model, environmental and social aspects of their activities, their human rights policies and practices and the fight against with corruption. Its long-term goal is to contribute to better awareness of the role of companies in creating added value both in the market and for society as a whole. |
| Keywords: | non-financial reporting, Bulgaria, transparency, ESG, Directive 2014/95/EC |
| JEL: | M14 M21 M41 M48 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112363&r= |
| By: | Jean-François Joye (Centre Favre - Centre de Recherche en Droit Antoine Favre - USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc) |
| Abstract: | Abstract. The inappropriateness of the cadastral income as a criterion for considering the constitution of ‘commissions syndicales' of the ‘sections de commune' Among the various measures it took in 2013 to gradually phase out local authority sections, the French legislature has tightened up the conditions for setting up their ‘commission syndicale'. One of these conditions is that the section must have a minimum annual ‘cadastral income'. However, not only because the minimum amount of ‘cadastral income' is a questionable one, the very criterion of cadastral income is unsuitable in view of the paradigm shift surrounding the renewal of the social and environmental functions of the ‘communaux'. ‘Cadastral income' is an abstract, outdated construction, disconnected from the activity or quality of the current assets of the ‘sections de commune'. It does not take into account any real income nor, even more fundamentally, the environmental services they provide. |
| Abstract: | Parmi les différentes mesures qu'il a prises en 2013 pour éteindre progressivement les sections de commune, le législateur français a durci les conditions requises pour pouvoir constituer leur commission syndicale. Une de ces conditions est que la section dispose d'un minimum de « revenu cadastral » annuel. Or, non seulement le montant minimum de revenu cadastral fixé à dessein par la loi est discutable, mais le critère même de revenu cadastral est inadapté au regard du changement de paradigme entourant le renouveau des fonctions sociales et environnementales des communaux. Le revenu cadastral est une construction abstraite, surannée et déconnectée de l'activité ou de la qualité des biens actuels de la section. Il ne tient compte d'aucun revenu réel ni, et c'est plus fondamental encore, des services environnementaux que les communaux peuvent rendre. |
| Abstract: | Riassunto. L'inadeguatezza del reddito catastale come criterio per considerare la costituzione dei « commissions syndicales » delle « sections de commune » Tra le varie misure che ha adottato nel 2013 per estinguere gradualmente le « sections de commune », il legislatore francese ha inasprito le condizioni richieste per poter costituire la loro « commission syndicale ». Una di queste condizioni è che la « section » abbia un « reddito catastale » annuo minimo. Tuttavia, non solo l'importo minimo del reddito catastale fissato è discutibile, questo criterio è inadeguato di fronte al cambiamento di paradigma che circonda il rinnovamento delle funzioni sociali e ambientali dei « comunaux ». Il reddito catastale è un criterio astratto e superato, scollegato dall'attività o dalla qualità del patrimonio attuale della « section de commune ». Non tiene conto di alcun reddito reale né, ancora più fondamentalmente, dei servizi ambientali resi. |
| Keywords: | communaux,services environnementaux,commune,revenus cadastraux,revenus,propriété collective,Section de commune |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03504664&r= |
| By: | Calá, Carla Daniela |
| Abstract: | El objetivo de está nota es exponer ejemplos de iniciativas con triple impacto (económico, social y ambiental) ligadas a un sector productivo tradicional e intensivo en recursos naturales: la pesca extractiva y su cadena de valor. La intención final es proporcionar evidencia que permita visualizar a la economía circular y a las tecnologías para la sustentabilidad como oportunidades de desarrollo tecnológico e industrial, creación de empleo, agregado de valor, desarrollo local e inserción internacional virtuosa. |
| Keywords: | Pesca; Cadena de Valor; Impacto Económico; Impacto Ambiental; Impacto Social; |
| Date: | 2022–01–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3623&r= |
| By: | Gale, David; O’Donnell, Katherine |
| Abstract: | Invertebrate and pathogen pests present a significant risk to global plant health, and this threat is ever rising due to the growing global trade of plant material and, increasingly, as evidence suggests that climate change is influencing pest establishment in new locations. Sentinel plants within botanic gardens and arboreta can play a vital role in providing information on future and/or unknown threats. The objective of the International Plant Sentinel Network (IPSN) is to act as an early warning system to recognise new and emerging pest and pathogen risks, through the development of national and international partnerships between plant protection scientists and botanic gardens and arboreta. There are currently 71 members of IPSN. They include the Australian National Botanic Gardens (Canberra), Kings Park and Botanic Garden (Perth), Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, National Arboretum Canberra, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, and the Botanic Gardens and State Herbarium of South Australia. As part of the project ‘Establishing a Program of Plant Pest Surveillance in Australian Botanic Gardens and Arboreta’, which is funded through the Australian Government’s Agricultural Competitiveness White Paper – the Government’s plan for stronger farmers and a stronger economy – Plant Health Australia has had the opportunity to develop connections with the IPSN to build capacity and knowledge, locally and abroad. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp21:320502&r= |
| By: | - |
| Abstract: | En este documento se presentan cuatro estudios nacionales sobre la contribución de la migración al desarrollo sostenible, con un enfoque tanto cuantitativo como cualitativo. En el caso de Chile, se evalúa la manera en que la migración ha contribuido a las dinámicas demográfica, laboral y económica, así como los aportes simbólicos y significativos que hacen los migrantes a la sociedad, a partir de la percepción de informantes clave de la sociedad civil, el ámbito académico y organismos públicos. En México, se examinan las contribuciones realizadas a través de las remesas, las de los migrantes de retorno y las de la inmigración internacional y, en la sección cualitativa, se reflexiona sobre la política migratoria. En el Perú, se aborda el aporte de las migraciones históricas, así como el de las emigraciones y el retorno. A continuación, se profundiza en las migraciones recientes, sobre todo de personas provenientes de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. En el caso de Costa Rica, se presentan datos sobre el aporte de las poblaciones migrantes, principalmente centroamericanas, a la economía, el mercado de trabajo y las dinámicas demográficas, y se analizan los desafíos de política pública que se plantean para lograr un mayor reconocimiento práctico y simbólico de estas contribuciones. |
| Keywords: | MIGRACION, MIGRACION INTERNACIONAL, DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE, DESARROLLO ECONOMICO, MIGRANTES, EMPLEO, REMESAS, ASPECTOS DEMOGRAFICOS, POBLACION, COVID-19, DESARROLLO SOCIAL, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, MIGRANTS, EMPLOYMENT, REMITTANCES, POPULATION ASPECTS, POPULATION, COVID-19, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, CASE STUDIES |
| Date: | 2022–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:47801&r= |
| By: | Francesca Forno (EM - emlyon business school); Mikko Laamanen; Stefan Wahlen |
| Abstract: | In this article, we study how the global pandemic has affected food practices. We underscore how time, space, and modality as key facets of the everyday intersect with understandings, procedures, and engagements as components of practice, and how food practices in the pandemic context are transforming, at least temporarily, toward more sustainability. Our mixed-methods data were collected from participants in a local food initiative established in Trento during the first Italian lockdown in Spring 2020, which aimed to connect local producers to consumers more directly. We analyze data from a panel survey conducted with 55 participants of this initiative followed by ten in-depth interviews six months after the lockdown. The findings illustrate that the lockdown encouraged different people to search for "good food" through the food initiative. Sustainable food practices included more planning and less waste, but in some cases initial interest in the initiative changed back to prevailing industrial supply via supermarkets. Thus, not all food practices of our respondents were transformed to be more sustainable or permanent. We conclude that everyday food practices, when disrupted and if accompanied with well-functioning socio-technical innovations, can foster a transformation toward a more diversified and sustainable food system. |
| Keywords: | Everyday,Food,Practice theory,Stability,Sustainability,Transformation |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03625699&r= |
| By: | Oumaima Smyej (UCA - Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech]); Si Mohamed Ben Massou (UCA - Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech]) |
| Abstract: | The concept of business ecosystem is not new. Indeed, it is to Moore (1993) that we owe the first reflections on inter-organizational networks, their dynamics and the common factors of their development. Membership in these entities is an invaluable source of innovation. They not only have a theoretical interest but also economical and managerial ones. On a theoretical level, this paper work enhances studies dealing with business ecosystems in general and aesthetic tourism ecosystems in a particular way. Economically speaking, this article highlights the importance of inter-organizational partnerships for the development of the nation economies. In a managerial point of view, it responds to leaders questions about the strategies to adopt when it comes to being part of these new types of reticular organizations. In addition, aesthetic tourism in Morocco, as an ecosystem that has established itself for several years as a market in it's best shape, has started to attract the attention of researchers and managers. Based on a qualitative study, this work tends to explore the conditions for the emergence of an aesthetic tourism ecosystem in Morocco, the problems it faces as well as the potential solutions for its emergence. The theoretical researches revealed a set of emergence factors. They were supported, then supplemented during the interviews with a sample of 11 potential actors of the Moroccan Aesthetic tourism ecosystem. Essentially, we were able to conclude that the birth of an ecosystem community is led by an alternation between spontaneity and intention, during which there is foster for mutual sharing of resources in a well-founded legal basis and a superior climate of trust within diversity. |
| Abstract: | Le concept d'écosystème d'affaires (ESA) ne date pas d'hier. En effet, c'est à Moore (1993) que nous devons les premières réflexions s'appuyant sur les réseaux inter-organisationnels, leurs dynamiques et les facteurs communs de leurs essors. L'appartenance à ces entités écosystémiques constitue une source inestimable de flux d'innovation. Ils occupent une place non négligeable dans l'économie des États. Certes, les domaines d'affaires diffèrent, mais l'importance de ce rassemblement ne manque pas d'intérêt théorique comme économique et managérial. Sur le plan théorique, cet article scientifique constitue un enrichissement aux travaux traitant les écosystèmes d'affaires en général et les écosystèmes de tourisme ésthétiques (ETE) en particulier. Économiquement parlant, ce papier met en avant l'importance des partenariats inter-organisationnels pour le développement de l'économie et des nations. Du point de vue managérial, il répond aux interrogations des dirigeants concernant les stratégies à adopter lorsqu'il s'agit de faire partie de ces nouveaux types d'organisations réticulaires. Par ailleurs, le tourisme esthétique au Maroc, en tant qu'écosystème qui s'impose depuis quelques années comme un marché qui bat son plein, a commencé d'attirer l'attention des chercheurs et des praticiens. À partir d'une étude qualitative, ce travail académique tend à explorer les conditions d'émergence d'un ETE au Maroc, les contraintes qui l'affrontent ainsi que les solutions potentielles pour son émergence. Les résultats documentaires ont permis de révéler un ensemble de facteurs d'émergence. Ils ont été appuyés, puis complétés au cours des entretiens semi-directifs avec un échantillon de 11 potentiels acteurs de L'ETE marocain. Essentiellement, nous avons pu conclure que la naissance d'une communauté de partage est favorisée par une altercation entre spontanéité et programmation, durant laquelle, il y a une incitation au partage mutuel des ressources sur la base d'une assiette juridique bien fondée et une mise en place d'un climat de confiance au sein de la diversité. |
| Keywords: | collaborative innovation.,keystone,actors,Aesthetic tourism,Business ecosystem,tourisme esthétique,Écosystème d’affaires,acteurs,pivot,innovation collaborative. |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03636214&r= |
| By: | Charlotte Demonsant (MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres); Armand Hatchuel (MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres); Kevin Levillain (MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres); Blanche Segrestin (MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres) |
| Date: | 2021–12–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03630940&r= |
| By: | Julien Gourdon (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, AFD - Agence française de développement); Matthys Lambert (Sciences Po - Sciences Po); Achille Macé (Sciences Po - Sciences Po) |
| Abstract: | Le 8ème Forum sur la coopération sino-africaine (FOCAC) de Dakar en octobre 2021 a consolidé les piliers d'une « nouvelle ère » de la coopération Chine-Afrique dans divers domaines dont celui de l'Energie. Ainsi la Déclaration sur la coopération Sino-Africaine de lutte contre le changement climatique évoque une intensification du soutien de la Chine au développement des énergies renouvelables et réaffirme l'arrêt de la construction de nouveaux projets charbon sur le continent. Il est intéressant d'examiner d'une part la situation actuelle des réalisations chinoises caractérisée par une présence concentrée sur les énergies fossiles et hydrauliques, d'autre part les contours de la mutation vers des projets moins risqués et moins polluants et enfin les enjeux de ce changement pour les banques et investisseurs chinois. |
| Keywords: | Chine,Financement du développement,Changement climatique |
| Date: | 2022–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03638964&r= |
| By: | Elena Kühne (IPC-IG) |
| Keywords: | proteção social; resiliência; adaptação às mudanças climáticas; gestão de risco de desastres; agricultura familiar; desenvolvimento rural; Garantia Safra |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipc:pbport:70&r= |
| By: | Richard Layard |
| Abstract: | As societies become richer, they do not become happier. This paradox has led to a growing interest in the science of wellbeing, and how policymakers can evaluate policies in terms of what will improve wellbeing. Economists investigate what is important for wellbeing and the influence of wellbeing on working life, education and health. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Education, Employment, Health, Inequality, Unemployment, Wellbeing, Wages, Happiness, Public Policy |
| Date: | 2022–03–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepins:08&r= |
| By: | Florence Jacquet (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro); A Aboul-Naga (APRI - Animal Production Research Institute); Bernard Hubert (ECODEVELOPPEMENT - Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Keywords: | EU programmes for funding research,Mediterranean regions,Livestock systems,Local breeds,Crop-livestock association |
| Date: | 2020–12–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03625860&r= |
| By: | Benfica, Rui; Zambrano, Patricia; Chambers, Judith A.; Falck-Zepeda, José Benjamin |
| Abstract: | Tanzania’s agriculture faces persistent low crop productivity due to endogenous and exogenous factors, particularly low and unpredictable rainfall, and the incidence of pests. To address these challenges, the government and partners are making efforts to develop and deploy Genetically Modified (GM) Maize varieties with drought tolerance and insect resistant traits (WEMA), and Cassava Brown Streak Disease (CBSD) resistant varieties. This analysis overcomes limitations from earlier assessments of the impacts of those GM crops by accounting for trade-offs in resource competition and considering the indirect effects of adoption and yield gains from GM maize and cassava varieties on the broader economy, the Agri-Food System (AFS), and on household level outcomes. It extends the BioRAPP analysis to an ex-ante economywide framework. We reveal several findings. First, GM maize and cassava (individually and jointly) have positive impacts in the economy, the AFS, and the poverty, particularly in rural areas and among the poorest households. Second, given its relatively greater relevance in output and employment, and the stronger linkages in the AFS, the effects of GM maize on GDP and AFS growth, and poverty is relatively stronger than those from GM cassava. Third, as expected, relatively greater effects are found in higher adoption and high yield gains scenarios, and, in each scenario, the effects on the poorest households are greater than that for the higher quintiles. Furthermore, differential impact across scenarios is also greater amongst the poorest, while the differences are minimal for the top quintile. Finally, the high variation of results across scenarios, and the significant effects of the high adoption/high yield change scenario, suggest that efforts will be critical to ensure the realization of the maximization of adoption rates while ensuring the materialization of the yield growth potential of the GM varieties through the efficient use of technical recommendations on crop production management, and the introduction of the right investments and policy incentives. |
| Keywords: | TANZANIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; agricultural production; models; poverty reduction; maize; cassava; agrifood systems; computable general equilibrium models; genetically modified foods; policies; innovation adoption; yields |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2107&r= |
| By: | Saavedra, Santiago |
| Abstract: | New monitoring technologies can help curb illegal activities by reducing information asymmetries between enforcing and monitoring government agents. I created a novel dataset using machine learning predictions on satellite imagery that detects illegal mining. Then I disclosed the predictions to government agents to study the response of illegal activity. I randomly assigned municipalities to one of four groups: (1) information to the observer (local government) of potential mine locations in his jurisdiction; (2) information to the enforcer (National government) of potential mine locations; (3) information to both observer and enforcer, and (4) a control group, where I informed no one. The effect of information is relatively similar regardless of who is informed: in treated municipalities, illegal mining is reduced by 11\% in the disclosed locations and surrounding areas. However, when accounting for negative spillovers --- increases in illegal mining in areas not targeted by the information --- the net reduction is only 7\%. These results illustrate the benefits of new technologies for building state capacity and reducing illegal activity. |
| Keywords: | Illegal mining; Monitoring Technology; Colombia |
| JEL: | H26 K42 O13 O17 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rie:riecdt:89&r= |
| By: | Saavedra, S |
| Abstract: | New monitoring technologies can help curb illegal activities by reducing informa- tion asymmetries between enforcing and monitoring government agents. I created a novel dataset using machine learning predictions on satellite imagery that detects illegal mining. Then I disclosed the predictions to government agents to study the response of illegal activity. I randomly assigned municipalities to one of four groups: (1) information to the observer (local government) of potential mine locations in his jurisdiction; (2) information to the enforcer (National government) of potential mine locations; (3) information to both observer and enforcer, and (4) a control group, where I informed no one. The effect of information is relatively similar regardless of who is informed: in treated municipalities, illegal mining is reduced by 11% in the disclosed locations and surrounding areas. However, when accounting for negative spillovers — increases in illegal mining in areas not targeted by the information — the net reduction is only 7%. These results illustrate the benefits of new technologies for building state capacity and reducing illegal activity. |
| Keywords: | Illegal mining, Monitoring Technology, Colombia |
| JEL: | H26 K42 O13 O17 Q53 |
| Date: | 2022–05–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:col:000092:020078&r= |
| By: | Okelo, Walter |
| Abstract: | The discovery of antimicrobial agents for treatment of diseases in humans, animals and plants was one of the most significant events of the 20th century. Notwithstanding their importance, acquired resistance has become increasingly evident and this pattern has followed the introduction of each new antimicrobial agent. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not only led to unwarranted mortality rates in humans, but also presents a major economic burden to farmers, governments and the rest of society. Hence, the alarming worldwide escalation of AMR poses a serious threat to public health, agricultural production and food security, and can cause major disruption globally. Whilst there has been progress in understanding the causes of AMR, there is a dearth of knowledge on how to empirically mitigate it using the One Health approach in low resource settings. Furthermore, the occurrence of AMR in the Pacific region is poorly understood. Using Fiji as a case study and through the Enhancing the Management of Antimicrobial Resistance (EMAR) project, we illustrate how systems thinking can be applied in the context of AMR. We also describe the impact of AMR on agricultural systems, and demonstrate how we are tackling the problem of resistance in Fiji to improve health, agricultural production, and ecosystem outcomes in a sustainable and cost-effective manner. We envisage that the approach used in Fiji, including the lessons learnt, will be scaled out to other low resource settings to reduce the spread of AMR. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:cfcp21:320504&r= |
| By: | Pascal Grouiez (UPC - Université Paris Cité, LADYSS - Laboratoire Dynamiques Sociales et Recomposition des Espaces - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis - UPN - Université Paris Nanterre - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPC - Université Paris Cité) |
| Abstract: | This article presents the main results of the Métha'revenus research project, funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture and Food, and commissioned in 2019 to the Ladyss laboratory (CNRS). It adopts an institutionalist approach, known as a 'value chain' approach, to account for the income dynamics of agricultural biogas production in France. It distinguishes between two periods: the emergence of agricultural biogas production, driven by pioneering farmers and supported by public policies from the 2000s onwards; and the development of the sector, marked by an increase in the number of intermediaries, by a logic of optimising methanogenic power and greater competition between farmers on the one hand, and between farmers and industrialists on the other after 2015. Our results show a diversity of ways of generating income from agricultural biogas production in France. We also show that this sector is currently undergoing a process of industrialisation and expansion - in the sense of an increase in the number of segments and therefore of players. This dynamic is reflected in the fact that it is more difficult for some farmers to earn an income from this non-farming activity, particularly for those located upstream in the chain. It is not certain that farmers remain dominant players in anaerobic digestion and earn a significant income from it in the future. |
| Abstract: | Cet article présente les principaux résultats du projet de recherche Métha'revenus, financé par le ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, et commandé en 2019 au laboratoire Ladyss (CNRS). Il adopte une approche institutionnaliste dite « de filière » pour rendre compte de la dynamique de revenu de la méthanisation agricole en France. Il distingue deux périodes : celle de l'émergence de la méthanisation, portée par des éleveurs pionniers et soutenue par les politiques publiques à partir des années 2000 ; celle du développement de la filière marqué par une augmentation du nombre des intermédiaires, par une logique d'optimisation du pouvoir méthanogène et une plus grande concurrence entre les agriculteurs-méthaniseurs d'une part, et entre agriculteurs et industriels d'autre part après 2015. Nos résultats montrent une diversité de manières de dégager un revenu de la méthanisation agricole en France, du fait de l'histoire de l'émergence et du développement de la filière. Ils soulignent aussi que cette filière connait actuellement une logique d'industrialisation et d'extension – au sens d'une augmentation du nombre de segments et donc d'acteurs. Cette dynamique se traduit par une plus grande difficulté, pour certains agriculteurs, à dégager un revenu de cette activité non agricole, en particulier pour ceux situés en amont de la filière et qui n'ont pas réussi à internaliser au maximum les différentes étapes du processus de production. Il n'est pas certain que les agriculteurs, à terme, parviennent à être des acteurs dominants de la méthanisation et à en dégager un revenu significatif, quelles que soient leurs spécificités. |
| Keywords: | Non agricultural farmers' income,Agricultural biogas production,value chain analysis,Méthanisation agricole,revenus non agricole,analyse de filière,biogaz |
| Date: | 2021–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03406392&r= |
| By: | International Monetary Fund |
| Abstract: | The FSAP started in an important macro-financial phase right after the second Covid wave and a third lockdown. The balance sheet resilience of major institutional sectors was at the center of policy considerations. Against this backdrop, the FSAP analyzed the pandemic’s potential “scarring” of banks, insurers, corporates, and households balance sheets, focusing on the interplay of macro-financial/structural conditions and financial vulnerabilities. |
| Keywords: | bank solvency stress test result; fair value; resolvability Assessment framework; D. solvency stress tests result; feedback effect; Macroprudential solvency stress tests; Mortgages; Insurance companies; Stress testing; Insurance; Credit; Global |
| Date: | 2022–04–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfscr:2022/102&r= |
| By: | Rohe, Sebastian (Universitf of Oldenburg); Oltmer, Marie (University of Oldenburg); Wolter, Hendrik (University of Oldenburg); Gmeiner, Nina (University of Oldenburg); Tschersich , Julia (Utrecht University) |
| Abstract: | While organic food has increased its market share in conventional food retail, virtually all organic vegetables are still conventionally bred. For decades, organically bred vegetable varieties remained a market niche, despite their socio-ecological benefits. This paper conceptualizes actors and activities around organic breeding as a Technological Innovation System (TIS) and analyzes what prevents these varieties from widely diffusing into conventional supermarkets. The investigated barriers relate to knowledge, market formation, investments, and legitimacy. The study is based on interviews with breeding initiatives and food retailers in Germany. Theoretically, the paper adds an innovation systems-perspective on the diffusion of organic varieties, a blind spot in the emerging debate so far. Furthermore, it contributes to the literature on sustainability transitions by introducing a novel empirical topic to the debate and reframing the TIS framework to analyzing fresh produce. Identifying existing barriers provides suggestions for practitioners seeking to successfully diffuse organic vegetable varieties. |
| Keywords: | agri-food transitions; Commons; organic breeding; diffusion; technological innovation systems; food retail |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O33 Q13 |
| Date: | 2022–05–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:lucirc:2022_008&r= |
| By: | Elodie Letort (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Aude Ridier (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | The economic performance of organic dairy farms, especially during the transitional period, is not consensus in economics studies, depending on the method used, the type of indicators, the nature and scale of the performance indicator, the geographical location. We compare the economic and financial performance of both conventional and organic dairy farms based on a mixed effect panel data model estimated on 1,016 farm micro-data collected between 2007and 2018 in two departments of Brittany. As in other studies, we find that the herd size influences positively all economic and financial indicators. Even if the growth in assets is heterogeneous among organic farms, it is higher than in other farms, which decreases their return on assets. Finally, even if they share the same objective of food autonomy and sparing variable expenses, dairy farms based on grassland production system do not exhibit the same performance dynamics as organic farms. |
| Abstract: | La littérature existante sur les performances des exploitations biologiques est abondante, mais il est encore difficile aujourd'hui d'identifier les résultats spécifiques de performance des exploitations biologiques dans la mesure où les échantillons sont très petits. Les résultats obtenus sont également très dépendants des régions et des secteurs agricoles étudiés, des indicateurs de performance économique et des méthodes utilisées. Dans ce papier, nous comparons les performances économiques et financières des exploitations laitières conventionnelles et biologiques à partir d'un modèle à effets mixtes estimé sur 1 016 micro-données collectées entre 2007 et 2018 dans le département d'Ille-et-Vilaine (Bretagne, France). Comme dans d'autres études, nous constatons que la taille du troupeau influence positivement tous les indicateurs économiques et financiers. Même si la croissance des actifs est hétérogène entre les exploitations biologiques, elle est plus élevée que dans les autres exploitations, ce qui diminue leur rendement sur actifs. Enfin, même si elles partagent le même objectif d'autonomie alimentaire et d'économie de charges variables, les exploitations laitières basées sur un système de production herbager ne présentent pas la même dynamique de performance que les exploitations biologiques. |
| Keywords: | Organic farms,Economical and financial performance,Mixed effect model,Agriculture biologique,Performances économiques et financières,Modèle à effets mixtes |
| Date: | 2022–04–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03635268&r= |
| By: | Barberis Bosch, Francisco; Di Paola, María Marta |
| Abstract: | El economista Barberis Bosch y la ambientalista Di Paola analizan la producción de hidrocarburos y el desarrollo energético con miradas distintas. |
| Keywords: | Exploración Petrolera; Fuentes de Energía; Desarrollo; |
| Date: | 2022–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nmp:nuland:3626&r= |
| By: | André Torre (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Frederic Wallet (AGIR - AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires - Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) - Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Jiao Huang (SADAPT - Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cécile Détang-Dessendre (CESAER - Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Catherine Huyghe (CODIR - Collège de Direction - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This issue of Innovations Agronomiques presents the work carried out during the PSDR4 Programme (For and On Regional Development) from 2015 to 2020, including productions released beyond the end of the programme. PSDR4 involved more than 1,100 researchers and partner actors working together in 33 participatory and multidisciplinary research projects located in 10 French administrative regions. These projects have resulted in numerous scientific and practical products, some of which were presented at the Final Symposium of PSDR4 in October 2020. This issue presents the main results obtained in each of the projects. The focus is on actors' participation, as well as contributions to territorial development. |
| Abstract: | Les résultats présentés dans ce numéro d'Innovations Agronomiques sont issus du travail réalisé au cours du Programme PSDR4 (Pour et Sur le Développement Régional), entre 2015 et 2020, voire au- delà pour les productions faisant suite aux projets de recherche. Le Programme PSDR a réuni plus de1100 chercheurs et acteurs partenaires, qui ont travaillé ensemble au sein de 33 projets de recherche participatifs et pluridisciplinaires, répartis au sein de 10 Régions françaises. Il a donné lieu à de nombreuses productions scientifiques et partenariales, dont certaines ont été présentées lors du Symposium final, en octobre 2020. Dans ce numéro sont exposés les principaux résultats obtenus dans chacun des projets. L'accent est mis également sur la participation des acteurs, ainsi que sur les contributions au développement des territoires. |
| Keywords: | Transition agroécologique,Partenariat,Pluridisciplinarité,Développement territorial |
| Date: | 2022–03–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03645225&r= |