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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Alessi, Lucia (European Commission); Elisa, Ossola (European Commission); Panzica, Roberto (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the evolution of the greenium, i.e. a risk premium linked to firms' greenness and environmental transparency, based on individual stock returns. We estimate an asset pricing model with time-varying risk premia, where the greenium is associated to a priced `greenness and transparency' factor, which considers both companies' greenhouse gas emissions and the quality of their environmental disclosures. We show that investors in the European equity market tend to accept lower returns, ceteris paribus, to hold greener and more transparent assets when the shift of the economy towards low-carbon becomes more credible. This happened after the Paris Agreement, the first Global Climate Strike and the announcement of the EU Green Deal. Signals going in the opposite direction, such as the US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, increasing fossil fuel prices and more bad news about climate change, are associated with increases in the greenium. |
| Keywords: | climate risk, environmental disclosure, conditional factor models, asset pricing |
| JEL: | G01 G11 G12 Q01 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202113&r= |
| By: | Ben Henderson (OECD); Jussi Lankoski (OECD); Eimear Flynn (OECD); Alastair Sykes (Scotland’s Rural College); Florian Payen (Scotland’s Rural College); Michael MacLeod (Scotland’s Rural College) |
| Abstract: | Net soil carbon sequestration on agricultural lands could offset 4% of annual global human-induced GHG emissions over the rest of the century and make an important contribution to meeting the targets of the Paris Agreement. To harness this potential of the agricultural sector to positively contribute to the sustainability agenda, a package of policies is needed to enhance global soil carbon stocks. Such a package would include regulations to prevent the loss of soil carbon, knowledge transfer policies to promote “win-win” solutions, and additional incentives delivered via market-based policies. The latter will need to be supported by innovative contracting solutions to address concerns about the non-permanence of carbon stocks and to reduce transaction costs. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, GHG, Mitigation, Sequestration practices |
| JEL: | Q1 Q2 Q5 Q18 Q24 Q28 Q54 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2022–01–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:174-en&r= |
| By: | Julien Daubanes (UNIGE - Université de Genève); Fanny Henriet (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Katheline Schubert (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We examine an open economy's strategy to reduce its carbon emissions by replacing its consumption of coal—very carbon intensive—with gas—less so. Unlike the standard theoretical approach to carbon leakage, we show that unilateral CO2 reduction policies generate a higher leakage rate in the presence of more than one carbon energy source and may turn counterproductive, ultimately increasing world emissions. We establish testable conditions as to whether a unilateral tax on domestic CO2 emissions increases the domestic exploitation of gas and whether such a strategy increases global emissions. We also characterize this strategy's implications for climate policy in the rest of the world. Finally, we present an illustrative application of our results to the United States. |
| Keywords: | unilateral climate policy,carbon emission reduction,shale gas,gas-coal substitution,coal exports,carbon leakage,US policy,counter-productive policy |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-03093955&r= |
| By: | Ary José A. Souza-Jr. |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the impact of air pollution, climate conditions, and extreme weather events on subjective well-being across the Portuguese regions through estimating an ordered probit model. The estimation applies data at the individual level from the 8th and 9th waves of the European Social Survey, along with an air quality indicator, environmental variables, national forest inventory, and a study about the possible future effects of the sea-level rise on vulnerable areas and people living therein. Even after controlling for socio-economic variables and personal traits, the results suggest the existence of differences between regional welfare levels. Air pollution has a negative impact on life satisfaction due to its bad impacts on health (aggravating the condition of individuals with heart and lung diseases). The paper’s key finding is to show that at the regional level, both past (forest fires) and «possible» future (floods due to sea-level rise) extreme weather events may impact the current welfare level. Also, assessments of implicit willingness do to pay demonstrate that climate change effects have a relevant impact on their quality of life nowadays. |
| Keywords: | climate, extreme, region, flood, fire. |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02132022&r= |
| By: | Alessandro Ferrari (Bank of Italy); Valerio Nispi Landi (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | In a DSGE model, we study the effectiveness of a Green QE, i.e. a program of green-asset purchases by the central bank, along the transition to a carbon-free economy. The model is characterized by green firms that produce using a clean technology and brown firms that pollute but they can pay a cost to abate emissions. The transition is driven by an emission tax. We analyze the evolution of macroeconomic variables along the transition and we compare different versions of Green QE. We show two main findings, in our baseline calibration, where the green and the brown goods are imperfect substitutes. First, Green QE helps to further reduce emissions along the transition, but its quantitative impact on the stock of pollution is small. Second, we find the largest effects when the central bank invests in green assets in the early stage of the transition. Moreover, we highlight that the elasticity of substitution between the green and the brown good is a crucial parameter: if the goods are imperfect complements (an elasticity lower than one), Green QE raise emissions. |
| Keywords: | central bank, monetary policy, quantitative easing, climate change |
| JEL: | E52 E58 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1358_22&r= |
| By: | Thomas, Timothy S.; Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Robertson, Richard D.; Nazareth, Vijay; Ilyasov, Jarilkasin |
| Abstract: | Agriculture in Central Asia is vulnerable to climate change due to rising aridity, declining availability of water resources for irrigation, and low adaptive capacity. We use climate data from CMIP5 with RCP8.5 for greenhouse gas emissions and the DSSAT crop model to investigate how yields of key crops in Central Asia will be affected by climate change. We distinguish changes in yields between spring and winter plantings, between irrigated and rainfed crops, and between crops grown with high and low amounts of fertilizer. The results suggest that countries (and areas within countries) that either have moderate summers or grow a number of crops in a relatively cold winter will benefit from climate change, while countries that grow many of the crops in the summer will experience losses. |
| Keywords: | UZBEKISTAN; CENTRAL ASIA; ASIA; climate change; agriculture; crops; modelling; yields; greenhouse gas emissions; land reform; crop modeling; DSSAT |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2081&r= |
| By: | Michał Dzieliński (Stockholm Business School, Stockholm University); Florian Eugster (University of St. Gallen); Emma Sjöström (Stockholm School of Economics); Alexander F. Wagner (University of Zurich - Department of Banking and Finance; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI); Swiss Finance Institute) |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a major concern for many companies, but it has not historically featured much in earnings conference calls. We find a marked increase in climate talk on these calls in recent years. We also find that climate talk is negatively related to the change in CO2 emissions (especially Scope 2) in the year after the call, particularly in firms with high overall environmental and governance ratings. Conversely, investors react particularly negatively to climate talk when it comes from a firm with low levels of ESG performance or following poor earnings performance. Finally, a firm employs more climate talk when it is more material, when there is greater shareholder pressure or when it is better prepared for climate-related disclosure. Overall, these results suggest that investors and other stakeholders interested in corporate climate action should be paying attention to earnings conference calls as a source of useful information about companies' broader stance on climate-related issues. |
| Keywords: | climate talk, earnings calls, sustainability, CO2 emissions, greenwashing |
| JEL: | D83 G14 G34 G41 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:chf:rpseri:rp2214&r= |
| By: | International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) |
| Keywords: | gender; gender equality; women; agricultural research; environment; research; empowerment; women's empowerment; breeding; value chains; natural resources; water resources; forests; climate; mitigation; feminization; natural resource management; nutrition-sensitive agriculture; climate adaptation |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:synops:9780896294202&r= |
| By: | Giulia Ceccantoni (Memotef, Sapienza University); Ornella Tarola (Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome); Cecilia Vergari (Department of Economics and Management, University of Pisa) |
| Abstract: | taxes can drive a more sustainable European market. However, unilateral mitigation measures can reduce the competitiveness of carbon-intensive industries, thereby inducing relocation. In this paper, we wonder whether a tax can effectively curb emissions without hurting firms. Our analysis entry point is that the level of emissions in a region is jointly determined by (i) the number of consumers buying dirty goods and (ii) the environmental quality of these products. Thus, to curb emissions, on the one hand, firms have to reduce their goods emissions intensity. On the other hand, consumers have to reduce the consumption of dirtier goods. This leads to defining a tax whose burden depends on the number of consumers buying the brown products and the relative quality of these products. We show that under this tax, lower emissions do not come at the expense of lower profits. |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:saq:wpaper:3/22&r= |
| By: | Alessi, Lucia (European Commission); Battiston, Stefano (University Ca' Foscari of Venice); Kvedaras, Virmantas (European Commission) |
| Abstract: | How financial investors may react to policy events related to sustainability and climate change mitigation in particular, is a key question with implications for sustainable finance and financial stability. We address this question by carrying out a multi-period difference-in-difference approach on a confidential database of securities holdings of the European Central Bank, and we provide evidence of several effects related to the Paris Agreement. In aggregate, investors reduced their exposure to carbon-intensive assets in response to the agreement, and the trend reverted after the US withdrawal announcement. However, the reaction varies across categories and geographies of the securities holders, their ownership size, and the emissions of owned firms. In particular, transition risk has been taken up by less regulated financial institutions and the BRIC countries. Our results highlight that the redirection of global financial flows towards climate action requires clear and unanimous signals from the global community of policy makers. |
| Keywords: | high-carbon firms, finance, Paris Agreement, stock holdings, US withdrawal |
| JEL: | G11 G2 Q51 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202112&r= |
| By: | Gary Clyde Hufbauer (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Jisun Kim (POSCO Research Institute (POSCO Research Institute); Jeffrey J. Schott (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | Reforms proposed in the European Union’s "Fit for 55" climate policy package are likely to sharply increase the cost paid by European firms for their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recognizing that increased carbon prices would put European firms at a disadvantage in competing with imports from countries that produce without incurring these costs, the European Commission has proposed a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) requiring that the most carbon-intensive EU imports either incur comparable carbon charges as EU firms or pay the equivalent of a carbon-based tariff. The CBAM aims to deter carbon leakage, which could arise if firms shift carbon-intensive production out of Europe to facilities in countries that do not tax GHG emissions (or tax at a low rate) and then export the goods to Europe. European production and output would suffer and global climate efforts to reduce GHG emissions would be undercut. The loftier goal is to encourage other countries to follow the European example and strengthen their own national decarbonization policies, which in turn would exempt their goods from CBAM charges. The CBAM would cover five carbon-intensive industries: iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizer, electricity, and cement. Countries most affected by the CBAM include Russia, China, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, South Korea, and India. Some are likely to contest the policy, claiming that the CBAM is a unilateral measure that violates World Trade Organization rules and bolsters protectionism while hampering rather than encouraging efforts in other countries to tackle climate change. A better and more feasible approach would be adoption of a CBAM moratorium while negotiations are conducted to promote carbon abatement policies that comply with the rules-based global trading system. |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:pbrief:pb21-23&r= |
| By: | Ferguson, Beth |
| Abstract: | This report presents creative engagement activities based on the Designing with the Sun: Solar Curriculum Project that teaches high school and undergraduate students the principles of solar design and the steps needed to design and build a solar charging station. This in-depth curriculum covers renewable energy, electricity basics, solar design principles, and solar-supported mobility. Each chapter has a PowerPoint presentation, an active learning activity, video clips, and links to learn more. The solar curriculum materials are free for educators and self-learners to download and explore at their own pace. Small-scale solar charging stations provide a living lab for research and a place to recharge e-bikes and e-scooters. Shared micromobility (e-bike and e-scooter fleets) has exploded in popularity on college campuses and can help reduce car ownership and carbon emissions when recharged with the sun. As universities plan for the challenges of the 21stcentury, incorporating multifaceted forms of renewable energy with electric vehicle charging is a step toward climate action and decarbonization. Creative rethinking on a massive scale is required to meet the goals set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the COP 21 Paris Agreement to limit global warming to 1.5°C. The UN’s Sustainable Development Goals such as numbers 7, Affordable and Clean Energy;9, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure; and 11, Sustainable Cities and Communities are all important guides for modeling solar education. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Education, Engineering, Solar energy, photovoltaic, solar design, renewable energy |
| Date: | 2022–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt4f74n7h0&r= |
| By: | Chort, Isabelle; de la Rupelle, Maëlys |
| Abstract: | While there is a growing literature on the impact of climate and weather-related events on migration, little is known about the mitigating effect of different policies directed to the agricultural sector, or aimed at insuring against environmental disasters. This paper uses state-level data on migration ows between Mexico and the U.S. from 1999 to 2012 to investigate the mitigating impact of an agricultural cashtransfer program (PROCAMPO) and a disaster fund (Fonden) on the migration response to weather shocks. We find that Fonden decreases migration in response to heavy rainfall, hurricanes and droughts. Increases in PROCAMPO amounts paid to small producers are found to play a more ambiguous role on the migration response to shocks. Changes in the distribution of PROCAMPO favoring more vulnerable producers in the non irrigated ejido sector however seem to mitigate the impact of droughts on migration. |
| Keywords: | International migration,Weather shocks,Public policies,Weather variability,Natural disasters,Mexico-U.S. migration,Inequality |
| JEL: | F22 Q54 Q18 J61 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1040&r= |
| By: | Antoine Mandel (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Timothy Tiggeloven (VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]); Daniel Lincke (Global Climate Forum e.V.); Elco Koks (VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]); Philip Ward (VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]); Jochen Hinkel (Global Climate Forum e.V.) |
| Abstract: | There is increasing concern among financial regulators that changes in the distribution and frequency of extreme weather events induced by climate change could pose a threat to global financial stability. We assess this risk, for the case of floods, by developping a simple model of the propagation of climate-induced shocks through financial networks. We show that the magnitude of global risks is determined by the interplay between the exposure of countries to climate-related natural hazards and their financial leverage. Climate change induces a shift in the distribution of impacts towards high-income countries and thus larger amplification of impacts as the financial sectors of high-income countries are more leveraged. Conversely, high-income countries are more exposed to financial shocks. In high-end climate scenarios, this could lead to the emergence of systemic risk as total impacts become commensurate with the capital of the banking sectors of countries that are hubs of the global financial network. Adaptation policy, or the lack thereof, appears to be one of the key risk drivers as it determines the future exposure of high-income coun |
| Keywords: | Financial Stability,Climate Impacts,Flood Risks |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-03523343&r= |
| By: | Alessi, Lucia (European Commission); Battiston, Stefano (University Ca' Foscari of Venice) |
| Abstract: | We develop the first top-down method to estimate the greenness of financial portfolios, in terms of alignment to the EU Taxonomy for sustainable activities. We also develop a method to estimate, at the same time, the portfolio exposure to climate transition risk. We provide sector-level, standardized and transparent coefficients for both estimates, based on definitions of greenness and transition risk that are applicable across countries. We analyse the portfolios of Euro Area investors in 2020, based on the confidential Securities Holdings Statistics of the European Central Bank. We find that, overall, the greenness of Euro Area investors' portfolios is lower than their exposure to transition risk (1.3% vs. 5.5%). Across financial institutions, we estimate greenness and exposure to transition risk, respectively, at 1.4% and 6.1% for investment funds, at 0.3% and 1.7% for banks and at 1.2% and 5.0% for insurers. Our analysis also shows that investors with large amounts invested in green activities can have at the same time large exposures to transition risk. |
| Keywords: | greenness, climate transition risk, climate-related financial disclosures, EU Taxonomy, green financial flows |
| JEL: | G2 G3 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202114&r= |
| By: | Donato Masciandaro; Romano Vincenzo Tarsia |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes an index for evaluating central bank activism in addressing climate-change issues. Consistent with a principal-agent approach, this metric assumes that the central bank’s sensibility on climate change depends on both economic and political drivers. The index has been created to include not only actual policies but also participation in green networks and initiatives that signal central bank activism on climate change. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, central banking, principal-agent, political pressure, monetary policy, financial stability |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:baf:cbafwp:cbafwp21167&r= |
| By: | Lozano, Mark; Kendall, Alissa; Arnold, Gwen; Harvey, John; Butt, Ali |
| Abstract: | The range of efforts to address climate change can span from international collaboration to personal action. This study looks at environmental efforts at the local jurisdictional level. Over the last decade, cities and counties have released climate action plans (CAPs) to set emissions reduction targets and outline actions that will help meet those goals. However, the range of information included in CAPs varies dramatically across jurisdictions. This study examines CAPs released by jurisdictions in California, focusing on the quantity and quality of information presented on the expected GHG emissions reduction, cost, and equity impacts of proposed climate actions. This research develops a framework to assess their inclusion, which could also be used to guide future CAP development, and develops a set of guiding questions to promote the inclusion of equity themes in climate action planning and implementation. To gauge the current state of climate action by local jurisdictions, a survey was implemented to better understand the (i) relative consideration of factors in climate action planning and implementation, (ii) factors which affect the inclusion of equity in climate action, (iii) the primary sources of funding for CAP implementation, and (iv) which factors affect the likelihood that an action is implemented. The survey found that, of the considered factors, expected emissions reduction is considered most during planning and implementation, while external impacts are considered the least. When comparing factors between planning and implementation, cost is significantly more important during implementation. For both phases, equity impacts received average levels of consideration. Free responses revealed that recent pushes by community members has encouraged local jurisdictions to include more equity themes in their climate planning. However, lifecycle equity, which considers local impacts across the lifecycle of an action, and thus beyond jurisdictional borders, is considered infeasible due to resource limitations and beyond the scope of local planning. Better equity planning would require systemic change at the jurisdiction, industry, state, and federal levels. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Law, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Local government, Climate action plan, Life cycle assessment, Equity |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt9f57q92r&r= |
| By: | Mariagrazia D'Angeli (Department of Economics, Society and Politics, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy; SEEDS); Giovanni Marin (Department of Economics, Society and Politics, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy; SEEDS); Elena Paglialunga (Department of Economics, Society and Politics, University of Urbino 'Carlo Bo', Italy; SEEDS) |
| Abstract: | In recent years, there has been rapid development of the literature linking climate change and armed conflicts. Although no conclusionary evidence has been found of a direct link between climate change and armed conflicts, still climate change has been addressed as an important trigger, exacerbating underlying social, economic and institutional conditions and thus resulting in higher risk and magnitude of violent activities. In this context, while more research is needed to further disentangle how climatic changes combine with socio-economic and institutional elements to induce conflicts, an important pathway to be explored is the role that building resilience can play in preventing and/or breaking the negative relationship between climate change and violent activity. In this context, resilience refers to the capacity of a system to come back to its original conditions after a shock and relies on the combination of socioeconomic, institutional and technological dimensions. In our paper we provide empirical evidence on the role played by resilience-building investments in attenuating the emergence of armed conflicts as a consequence of climate-related anomalies and natural disasters. |
| Keywords: | resilience, armed conflicts, natural disasters, climate change |
| JEL: | D74 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0222&r= |
| By: | Mouloud Lasbeur (UMMTO - Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou]) |
| Abstract: | Social Responsibility (CSR) is considered a means of steering actions undertaken in the service of sustainable development, and meeting the needs of present and future generations. To do this, companies adopt the principle of precaution and solidarity between generations and territories. The protection and well-being of consumers are far-reaching issues that are integrated into the social practices of companies, with commitment to the objectives by the ticket of the quality and environmental policy. By analyzing the annual data from 2012 to 2017, we find that the ENIEM by the note of its policy constitutes a continuous improvement in terms of quality and conformity of its products which ensures a broad satisfaction and protection of the consumer, also it contributes to the preservation of the environment in terms of pollution and generation of hazardous industrial waste. In terms of results, the observation shows that the measurement indicators are clearly positive, which puts the company in the process of continuous improvement. Key words: CSR, sustainable development, social practices, quality and environmental policy |
| Abstract: | La Responsabilité Sociale (RSE) est considérée un moyen de pilotage des actions entreprises au service du développement durable, et faire face aux besoins des générations présentes et futures. Pour cela, les entreprises adoptent le principe de précaution et de solidarité entre les générations et les territoires. La protection et le bien-être des consommateurs sont des questions d'une grande envergure qui sont intégrées dans les pratiques sociales des entreprises, avec engagement aux objectifs par le billet de la politique qualité et environnementale. En analysant les données annuelles de 2012 à 2017, nous constatons que l'ENIEM par le billet de sa politique constitue une amélioration continue en termes de qualité et conformité de ses produits qui assure une large satisfaction et protection du consommateur, aussi elle contribue à la préservation de l'environnement en termes de pollution et génération des déchets industriels dangereux. En termes de résultats l'observation montre que les indicateurs de mesure sont nettement positifs, ce qui inscrit l'entreprise dans la démarche d'amélioration continue. |
| Keywords: | RSE,développement durable,pratiques sociales,politique qualité et environnementale |
| Date: | 2021–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03455252&r= |
| By: | Mouloud Lasbeur (UMMTO - Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou]) |
| Abstract: | Social Responsibility (CSR) is considered a means of steering actions undertaken in the service of sustainable development, and meeting the needs of present and future generations. To do this, companies adopt the principle of precaution and solidarity between generations and territories. The protection and well-being of consumers are far-reaching issues that are integrated into the social practices of companies, with commitment to the objectives by the ticket of the quality and environmental policy. By analyzing the annual data from 2012 to 2017, we find that the ENIEM by the note of its policy constitutes a continuous improvement in terms of quality and conformity of its products which ensures a broad satisfaction and protection of the consumer, also it contributes to the preservation of the environment in terms of pollution and generation of hazardous industrial waste. In terms of results, the observation shows that the measurement indicators are clearly positive, which puts the company in the process of continuous improvement. |
| Abstract: | La Responsabilité Sociale (RSE) est considérée un moyen de pilotage des actions entreprises au service du développement durable, et faire face aux besoins des générations présentes et futures. Pour cela, les entreprises adoptent le principe de précaution et de solidarité entre les générations et les territoires. La protection et le bien-être des consommateurs sont des questions d'une grande envergure qui sont intégrées dans les pratiques sociales des entreprises, avec engagement aux objectifs par le billet de la politique qualité et environnementale. En analysant les données annuelles de 2012 à 2017, nous constatons que l'ENIEM par le billet de sa politique constitue une amélioration continue en termes de qualité et conformité de ses produits qui assure une large satisfaction et protection du consommateur, aussi elle contribue à la préservation de l'environnement en termes de pollution et génération des déchets industriels dangereux. En termes de résultats l'observation montre que les indicateurs de mesure sont nettement positifs, ce qui inscrit l'entreprise dans la démarche d'amélioration continue. |
| Keywords: | CSR,sustainable development,social practices,quality and environmental policy,RSE,développement durable,pratiques sociales,politique qualité et environnementale |
| Date: | 2021–11–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03453932&r= |
| By: | Mohaddes, K.; Ng, R. N. C.; Pesaran, M. H.; Raissi, M.; Yang, J-C. |
| Abstract: | We investigate the long-term macroeconomic effects of climate change across 48 U.S. states over the period 1963-2016 using a novel econometric strategy which links deviations of temperature and precipitation (weather) from their long-term moving-average historical norms (climate) to various state-specific economic performance indicators at the aggregate and sectoral levels. We show that climate change has a long-lasting adverse impact on real output in various states and economic sectors, and on labour productivity and employment in the United States. Moreover, in contrast to most cross-country results, our within U.S. estimates tend to be asymmetrical with respect to deviations of climate variables (including precipitation) from their historical norms. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, economic growth, adaptation, United States |
| JEL: | C33 O40 O44 O51 Q51 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:2205&r= |
| By: | Boscow Okumu; Herbert Ntuli; Edwin Muchapondwa; Gibson Mudiriza; Alfred Mukong |
| Abstract: | Climate change and variability poses a significant hindrance on agricultural productivity. The adverse effects are particularly concerning in many African countries that rely more on rainfed subsistence agriculture for livelihood. The promotion of climate smart agriculture technologies as a pathway to enhancing food security, farmer’s welfare, and providing climate adaptation and mitigation benefits is one of the several interventions aimed at improving agricultural productivity. However, there has been a dearth of evidence on the determinants of adoption of climate smart agriculture practices as well as the impact of climate smart agriculture practices on food security and household welfare. This paper contributes to this knowledge gap by using the probit model to explore the drivers of uptake of climate smart agriculture practices and the inverse probability weighting regression model and the instrumental variable approach to assess the impact on food security and household savings and household vulnerability. We find that the adoption of climate smart agriculture practices among smallholder farmers is influenced by land ownership, climatic variables, land terrain, and household sociodemographic characteristics. The study further revealed that adoption of climate smart agriculture practices leads to reduction in household savings and household vulnerability but leads to improved food security. The findings suggest the need to promote climate smart agriculture practices aimed at livestock management, enhanced agricultural extension work and reduced resource constraints that inhibit farmer’s capacity to adopt complementary practices among others. |
| Keywords: | Climate Smart, food security, savings, Vulnerability |
| JEL: | Q01 Q18 Q54 O13 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:870&r= |
| By: | Frondel, Manuel; Marggraf, Clemens; Sommer, Stephan; Vance, Colin |
| Abstract: | A large proportion of local pollutants originating from the road transport sector is generated during the so-called cold-start phase of driving, that is, the first few minutes of driving after a car has stood inactive for several hours. Drawing on data from the German Mobility Panel (MOP), this paper analyzes the factors that affect the frequency of cold starts, approximated here by the number of car tours that a household takes over the course of a week. Based on fixed-effects panel estimations, we find a negative and statistically significant effect of fuel prices on the number of tours and, hence, cold starts. Using our estimates to explore the spatial implications arising from fuel price increases stipulated under Germany's Climate Programme 2030, we find substantial impacts on the number of avoided tours even for modest fuel price increases of 20 cents per liter, particularly in urban areas. This outcome lends support to using carbon pricing as a means to improve both global climate and local air quality, pointing to a co-benefit of climate policy. |
| Keywords: | German mobility panel,fuel prices,car use |
| JEL: | I10 Q53 R41 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:896&r= |
| By: | Katrin Millock (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Cees Withagen (VU - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam]) |
| Abstract: | We review some of the recent estimates of the effect of weather and climate on migration, and articles examining the historical evidence of such links. We identify four issues that have received less attention in previous reviews on the topic. The first one is general equilibrium effects of climate change and migration. The second one concerns accounting for thresholds in the climate-migration relationship. Some of the articles that we review incorporate non-linear effects, but only in the relation between income and migration, and in the relation between weather, climate and migration. Other thresholds are not yet incorporated into the literature. A third issue where much work remains to be done relates to climate change and conflict, and their influence on migration. Finally, we conclude with some reflections on the implications of the results for economic development. |
| Date: | 2021–12–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-03513161&r= |
| By: | Chistov, Valery; Tanwar, Sunita; Yadav, C.S. |
| Abstract: | This chapter is dedicated to the concept of Open Eco-innovation - an emerging form of cooperation for sustainable development, particularly for environmental sustainability. Our society currently faces a number of environmental challenges that cannot be solved individually and require a collaborative approach. One of the ways to harness the power of collaboration and access the external resources to foster internal eco-innovation capabilities is Open Eco-innovation. This chapter gives an overview of the quickly arising concept, the historical perspective, and the current state of the research. In addition, it draws to the literature on stakeholder theory, industrial symbiosis, and knowledge management to give a theoretical context for this emerging phenomenon. Our research shows that OEI is a critical tool to foster eco-innovation in organizations and sustainable development in our society. Nevertheless, more profound research is needed to prove empirically the viability of the concept and explore its real-life application in the industry. |
| Date: | 2021–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:ecoevo:d938m&r= |
| By: | Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Phoebe Koundouri; Conrad Landis (AUEB) |
| Abstract: | In today's world, rising populations and growing economies have led to an ever-increasing demand for water; for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. This water stress is more acutely felt in the global south which is experiencing a much more rapid rate of development than the rest of the world. Africa in particular, is the fastest growing region of the globe as it undergoes a population explosion and an economic boom. In addition, the region is also one of the most vulnerable in terms of adverse impacts of climate change; sea-level rise, flooding, and drought. This perfect storm of water-related challenges is exacerbated by poor management, placing the continent in dire need of new and efficient approaches towards managing its resource. This chapter examines the WEF-Nexus from an African perspective, presenting the WEF-Nexus approach as a key driver for Sustainable Development in the region. Drawing from research carried out as part of the EU Horizon 2020-funded DAFNE project, the chapter goes on to describe a model for Economic Developments for the WEF Nexus at river basin scale and its incorporation into a Decision Analytic Framework that integrates environmental, socio-cultural, legal and policy dimensions of the WEF-Nexus. |
| Date: | 2022–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2204&r= |
| By: | Grafström, Jonas (The Ratio Institute); Sandström, Christian (The Ratio Institute) |
| Abstract: | Can economic growth and environmental sustainability coexist? This book describes how emissions and use of natural resources has changed in Sweden over time. <p> Since 1990, Sweden’s population has increased by more than 1.6 million and the economy has almost doubled. At the same time, environmentally harmful emissions, and the use of natural resources in many areas have decreased both in absolute and relative terms. CO2 emissions decreased by 27 percent between 1990 and 2018. Per GDP, CO2 saw a decline by 60 percent during the period. <p> Consumption of water, electricity and energy has remained constant during this period, despite such an increase in GDP. Out of 26 measured pollutants, 24 had declined 1990-2018. The decline was on average 52 percent, and per GDP 77 percent. <p> These results give cause for cautious optimism. <p> If Sweden can combine a growing economy with an improved environment, other countries can follow. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth; sustainability |
| JEL: | O10 |
| Date: | 2021–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0352&r= |
| By: | Mathilde Maurel (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International, CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Thomas Pernet |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the efficiency of a set of environmental measures introduced by the 11th Five Years Plan (FYP) in China in 2006, using a rich and unique dataset borrowed from the Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) and the State Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA). By exploiting plausibly exogenous variation in regulatory stringency generated by the targets' system in China across provinces in 2006, we find evidence that pollution-intensive cities substantially decreased the emission of SO2, whereas cities where the presence of SOEs (State Owned Enterprises) is large did not. We interpret these results as pointing to the evidence of a still ongoing SBC (Soft Budget Constraints) surrounding Chinese SOEs. The findings are robust to the inclusion of different specifications of fixed effects, and other key determinants of firm pollution. Moreover, we investigate what are the main factors behind the no-compliance to the regulations: the overlapping (or not) with TCZ (SPZ, Coastal) cities where the environmental (growth) policies are prioritized, * The authors are grateful to William F. Shughart II and two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved the manuscript considerably. We are also very greatful to Zhao Ruili and Zhou Ling for their precious help in collecting the data from the China Environment Statistics Yearbook. |
| Keywords: | Differencein-Difference estimation Q53,Soft Budget Constraint,Kornai,China,Environmental regulation |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:hal-03511874&r= |
| By: | Wendy Annecke; Peta Wolpe |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the extent to which social policies in South Africa might serve as mechanisms to enhance the transition to a low carbon economy and contribute to mitigating some of the negative impacts towards ensuring a holistic and just transition. It attempts to contribute to the fluid and contested nature of the debate on a just transition in South Africa by mapping the entrenched historical implications of coal use, overlaying these with a description of some of the policies developed to address energy and climate change and analysing the extent to which current social protection policies, designed to facilitate well-being, might be harnessed towards a more equitable society and a just transition. |
| Keywords: | Afrique du Sud |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–02–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en13623&r= |
| By: | Rodier, Caroline; Randall, Creighton; Garcia Sanchez, Juan Carlos; Harrison, Makenna; Francisco, Jerel; Tovar, Angelly |
| Abstract: | Over the last six years, from 2016 through 2021, a wave of new federal, state, and local funding has supported carsharing services that use electric vehicles and install electric vehicle chargers to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) and address climate change. In addition, many of these same funding programs allow support for the location of services in underserved communities with fare levels that enable community members to access these services. This study first explores the potential climate change benefits for carsharing services and the need for these services in underserved areas by reviewing the available published literature. Next, the study discusses the evolution of carsharing in the U.S., including non-profit, for-profit, and recent government-funded carsharing, drawing on published reports, newspaper articles, and expert interviews. Finally, the authors draw conclusions of relevance for future government-funded carsharing programs. View the NCST Project Webpage |
| Keywords: | Business, Social and Behavioral Sciences, carsharing, electric vehicles, pilot, evaluation, equity |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt5nf0m5mc&r= |
| By: | Xin Sheng (Lord Ashcroft International Business School, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Oguzhan Cepni (Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics, Porcelaenshaven 16A, Frederiksberg DK-2000, Denmark; Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Haci Bayram Mah. Istiklal Cad. No:10 06050, Ankara, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | We analyse the impact of climate risks (temperature growth and its volatility) on the coincident indicator of the 50 US states in a panel data set-up, over the monthly period of March, 1984 to December, 2019. Using impulse response functions (IRFs) from a linear local projections (LPs) model, we show that climate risks negatively impact economic activity to a similar degree, irrespective of whether such risks are due to changes in temperature growth or its volatility. More importantly, using a nonlinear LPs model, the IRFs reveal that the adverse effect of climate risks is contingent on the regimes of economic and policy-related uncertainty of the states, with the impact being significantly much stronger under relatively higher values of uncertainty, rather than lower values of the same. In addition to this, temperature growth volatility is found to contract economic activity nearly five-times more compared to when temperature growth increases by a similar magnitude in the higher uncertainty-based-regime of the nonlinear model. Understandably, our results have important policy implications. |
| Keywords: | Climate Risks, Uncertainty, Economic Activity, US States, Linear and Nonlinear Local Projections, Impulse Response Functions |
| JEL: | C23 D80 E32 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202207&r= |
| By: | Norbert MALANOWSKI (VDI Technologiezentrum GmbH); Jana Steinback (VDI Technologiezentrum GmbH); Annerose Nisser (VDI Technologiezentrum GmbH); Simon Beesch (VDI Technologiezentrum GmbH); Sidonia Von Proff (VDI Technologiezentrum GmbH); Els Van Der Velde (IDEA Consult); Daniela Kretz (IDEA Consult) |
| Abstract: | The study provides theoretical as well as case-study based evidence for the potential of European industries to become carbon neutral and provide job security and growth in the EU. The study identifies, maps, and analyses Global Innovation Networks, i.e. net-works between industry and other actors that facilitate innovation, and their role in making the European Green Deal a success. The study also presents the main current policy context in place in the EU, China and the U.S., e.g. regulatory and financial frameworks, and identifies the main drivers and barriers for investing in technologies relevant for Europe's Green Deal. In addition, a concise policy toolbox for Research & Development & Innovation (R&D&I) policies supporting technologies relevant for Eu-rope's Green Deal is discussed. It moves beyond the current European, national, regional and sectoral policy instruments and mixes of policies based on the insights obtained throughout the whole study. The findings offer an important knowledge base for devising new and additional policy instruments. |
| Keywords: | Green Deal, ecosystems, innovation, competitiveness |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc126482&r= |
| By: | Ouahiba Ouldbrahim (UMBB - Université M'Hamed Bougara Boumerdes) |
| Abstract: | Cet article vise à établir comment marketing vert et responsabilité sociale des entreprises peuvent fonctionner ensemble, en montrant l'importance pour l'entreprise d'adopter une démarche de marketing vert, en intégrant les pratiques RSE dans la stratégie de ce marketing et cela dans le cadre de répondre aux besoins des consommateurs après avoir eu un impact positif sur leurs préférences et commander des produits respectueux de l'environnement, et réduire au minimum les risques environnementaux en respectant et en préservant les lois relatives à la protection de l'environnement. |
| Keywords: | stakeholders,green product,sustainable development,social responsibility,parties prenantes green marketing,produit vert,développement durable,responsabilité sociale,marketing vert |
| Date: | 2021–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03455121&r= |
| By: | Meng, Jia; Zhang, ZhongXiang |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at analyzing the impact of corporate environmenral information disclosure from the perspective of investors. To that end, we have collected environmental information disclosure data of all Chinese listed companies from 2004 to 2020 and controlled the impacts of annual reports on investor response. We apply the Fama-French five-factor model to calculate the accumulative abnormal returns of stocks during the event window period. Our results suggest that environmental information disclosure can have a significant negative response among investors when we take the impacts of annual reports into consideration. Moreover, we find that heavy-polluting companies and companies with high institutional shareholding are more likely to have negative reactions from investors. Notably, the negative response is found significant after the Ambient Air Quality Standard was revised in 2012. Furthermore, high environmental expenditure and strict environmental regulation will result in negative investor responses, while the political connection can alleviate the negative impacts of environmental information disclosure. The results remain robust in different ways. The findings suggest that listed companies may lack the incentive to engage in environmental management and are reluctant to disclose environmental information. Consequently, the government should formulate a mandatory disclosure policy and provide administrative support to environmentalfriendly companies. Besides, companies should improve innovation technology to cut down environmental costs. Meanwhile, investors should be aware of the importance of corporate environmental behaviors and realize the long-term benefits of environmental management of listed companies. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Financial Economics |
| Date: | 2022–01–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:317842&r= |
| By: | François-Xavier Bellocq,; François-Xavier Duporge,; Mathilde Gauthier,; Annabelle Laferrère,; Bertrand Reysset |
| Abstract: | Africa has many advantages that will enable it to keep a low carbon footprint while achieving economic take-off. A just transition pathway that reconciles socioeconomic and climate imperatives is possible. However, it will require a strong commitment to climate issues from African and international stakeholders. Increased technical and financial mobilization of African governments, African and international donors and public development banks, and all financial players on the continent will make it possible to finance and support the continent’s fast-growing climate innovation. |
| Keywords: | Afrique |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–01–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en13236&r= |
| By: | Jacques Fontanel (CESICE - Centre d'études sur la sécurité internationale et les coopérations européennes - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes - IEPG - Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble - UGA - Université Grenoble Alpes) |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses a problem for the economic system that fostered the polluting industrial revolutions of coal and oil. Today, the digital economy revolution offers significant hope for reducing pollution and promoting decarbonisation. However, the economic interest struggles of the powerful lobbies of the polluting sectors seem to reduce the potential for transformation of an economic system driven by the search for short-term profit. The major powers want to preserve their economic gains and are undertaking this revolution at a pace that suits them, which is not without conflict, given the urgency of action in the face of the harmful transformations undergone by eco-systems. Furthermore, the GAFAMs, the powerful providers of digital services and instruments, together with their Chinese competitors, have a considerable economic and strategic force that could undermine freedoms and human and citizens' rights. Finally, for the production of digital tools, rare earths are likely to pose new problems, those relating to the pollution involved in their production and their relative scarcity compared to the stocks known today. |
| Abstract: | Le changement climatique pose un problème au système économique qui a favorisé les révolutions industrielles polluantes du charbon et du pétrole. Aujourd'hui, la révolution de l'économie numérique offre un espoir important pour réduire la pollution et promouvoir la décarbonisation. Cependant, les luttes d'intérêts économiques des puissants lobbies des secteurs polluants semblent réduire le potentiel de transformation d'un système économique guidé par la recherche du profit à court terme. Les grandes puissances veulent préserver leurs acquis économiques et entreprennent cette révolution au rythme qui leur convient, ce qui n'est pas sans conflit, vu l'urgence d'agir face aux transformations néfastes subies par les écosystèmes. Par ailleurs, les GAFAM, puissants fournisseurs de services et d'instruments numériques, disposent, avec leurs concurrents chinois, d'une force économique et stratégique considérable qui pourrait porter atteinte aux libertés et aux droits de l'homme et du citoyen. Enfin, pour la production d'outils numériques, les terres rares sont susceptibles de poser de nouveaux problèmes, ceux liés à la pollution liée à leur production et à leur relative rareté par rapport aux stocks connus aujourd'hui. |
| Keywords: | Digital economy,climate change,GAFAM,Rare Earths,changement de climat,Terres rares,Economie digitale |
| Date: | 2021–11–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03484094&r= |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cécile Detang-Dessendre (CESAER - Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pierre Dupraz (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Hervé Guyomard (Services déconcentrés d'appui à la recherche Bretagne-Normandie - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique) |
| Abstract: | This article provides an overview of French agricultural incomes over the decade 2010-2019, notably of their heterogeneity according to production types, size and location. It illustrates their dependency on CAP budgetary support. On this basis, it analyses the sensitivity of incomes to different scenarios that modify the repartition of CAP direct aids. The first type of measures aims specifically at modifying the distribution of direct aids and incomes. Four simulations are performed corresponding to a measure in favour of small farms, alternative payment modalities for coupled aids to beef and dairy cattle, the full internal convergence of the basic payment per hectare, and a reinforcement of the redistributive payment on the first hectares. The second measures pursue climatic and environmental objectives but have also redistributive impacts. The first scenario corresponds to a transfer of 15 % of the budgetary envelope of the first pillar to climate and environmental measures and support for organic farming in the second pillar. The second scenario implements an eco-scheme targeted on the maintenance of permanent grasslands and the reduction of pesticide use. |
| Abstract: | L'article dresse un panorama des revenus des exploitations agricoles françaises sur la décennie 2010-2019, et de leur hétérogénéité selon l'orientation productive, la taille et la localisation. Il illustre leur dépendance aux soutiens budgétaires de la PAC. Sur cette base, il analyse la sensibilité des revenus à différents scénarios de réorientation des aides directes de la PAC en considérant deux types de mesures. Les premières ont pour objectif de modifier la répartition des aides directes et des revenus : sont alors simulés les impacts sur les revenus d'un dispositif en faveur des petites fermes, de modalités alternatives de versement des aides couplées aux exploitations de bovins-viande et bovins-lait, de la convergence interne intégrale du paiement de base, et d'un renforcement du paiement redistributif sur les premiers hectares. Les deuxièmes mesures poursuivent des objectifs climatiques et environnementaux dont il s'agit aussi d'examiner les conséquences sur les revenus : sont alors analysés deux scénarios correspondant, d'une part, à un transfert de 15 % de l'enveloppe budgétaire du premier pilier vers des mesures climatiques, environnementales et de soutien à l'agriculture biologique dans le deuxième pilier, et, d'autre part, à un éco-régime ciblé sur le maintien des prairies permanentes et la réduction des usages de pesticides. |
| Keywords: | CAP,National Strategic Plans (NSP),Income,Direct aids,FADN,PAC,France,Plans Stratégiques Nationaux (PSN),Revenu,Aides,RICA |
| Date: | 2021–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03514845&r= |
| By: | Elisa Chioatto (University of Ferrara – Department of Economics and Management (Ferrara, Italy); SEEDS); Muhammad Attiq Khan (Ca’ Foscari University); Paolo Sospiro (University of Florence - Department of Engineering) |
| Abstract: | In the last twenty years, the EU has framed a comprehensive regulatory action aimed at shifting Waste Management practices to Sustainable Waste Management systems. The first premise is to foster waste prevention, and secondly to better treat waste residuals by promoting recycling practices. In a previous work, the authors qualitatively analysed the policies, criteria, methodologies and outcomes state-of-art of four EU-Member States (France, Germany, Italy and The Netherlands) in the transition from Waste Management to Sustainable Waste Management to Circular Economy. The study highlighted overall positive results, which are driving EU countries towards higher Municipal Solid Waste recycling rates and low dumping. This paper makes a step forward, by investigating Municipal Waste Management performances at regional level in the same EU-Member States. Specifically, it aims at assessing whether national data (outlined by the previous work) are homogenously distributed at regional stage, in order to understand how legislation is effectively applied within countries and identifying best and worse performers. The results confirm that Northern European countries have to a greater extent moved away from landfill in favour of higher recycling rates. Conversely, Italy and France are those displaying lower performances but with progressive improvements. |
| Keywords: | Municipal Waste Management, EU Comparative Analysis, NUTS2 Regional classification, Circular Economy |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:srt:wpaper:0322&r= |
| By: | Mathieu Boche (AFD),; Julien Burte (CIRAD) et; Meriem Jouini (FUNCEME) |
| Abstract: | The sustainable development of a territory depends on the capacity of its actors to define, plan and finance actions that are part of a strategic vision promoted by a local authority and a locally legitimised institution. Establishing or strengthening inclusive territorial governance mechanisms helps to engage local actors in resource management, investment planning and conflict resolution. These mechanisms must be based on a system for producing and sharing knowledge about the territory and its resources. |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–02–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en13246&r= |
| By: | Bellucci, Andrea (Universita Degli Studi Dell'insubria); Fatica, Serena (European Commission); Georgakaki, Aliki (European Commission); Gucciardi, Gianluca (Unicredit Bank); Letout, Simon (European Commission); Pasimeni, Francesco (International Renewable Energy Agency) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the role of green innovation in attracting venture capital (VC) financing. We use a unique dataset that matches information on VC transactions, companies' balance sheet variables and data on patented innovation at the firm level over the period 2008-2017. Taking advance of a novel granular definition of green innovative activities that tracks patents at the firm level, we show that green innovators are more likely to receive VC funding than firms without green patents. Likewise, a larger share of green vs. non-green patents in a firm's portfolio increases the probability of receiving VC finance. Robustness checks and extensions tackling several dimensions of heterogeneity corroborate the view that green patenting is an important driver of VC funding. |
| Keywords: | Venture capital, Green ventures, Patents, Green technology |
| JEL: | G24 M13 M21 O35 Q55 |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrs:wpaper:202111&r= |
| By: | Alice Guittard (ICRE8); Ebun Akinsete (ICRE8); Phoebe Koundouri; Rachel Tiller; Peter Viaene |
| Abstract: | Tools and approaches to support evidence-based policy making and strategic planning are central to achieving long term sustainable development. In particular, where coastal communities are concerned, their complex nature demands methods capable of capturing a holistic picture of the socio-ecological interactions at play. This paper presents a system approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies - participatory stakeholder engagement tools with system dynamic modeling - within a co-creation process, in order to identify problems and set up evidence-based business roadmaps and policy actions. These actions are focused on coastal-rural synergies and cross-sectoral collaborations in order to drive coastal-rural regions towards a sustainable future. The paper outlines the process by which researchers work collaboratively with local stakeholders to co-produce business roadmaps and policy actions, to be used as strategic guideline for local development. |
| Keywords: | system thinking, systems dynamics, cross-sectoral collaborations, stakeholder engagement, coastal-rural development |
| Date: | 2022–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2205&r= |
| By: | ITF |
| Abstract: | This report assesses the potential of zero carbon supply chains via a case study of the freight transport chain linked to the port of Hamburg. It analyses the initiatives taken by selected main stakeholders to decarbonise freight transport. In addition, it offers recommendations on how the move towards zero carbon supply chains could be accelerated. |
| Date: | 2021–06–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:itfaac:91-en&r= |
| By: | Masato Kawanishi; Nela Anjani Lubis; Hiroyuki Ueda; Junko Morizane; Ryo Fujikura |
| Abstract: | This study analyzes how and under what conditions technical cooperation may generate larger effects on endogenous and long-term capacity development in developing countries. To this end, we use the case of national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory in Indonesia, where the task for producing GHG inventories was first outsourced to external experts through a dedicated project, but is now managed by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK). While investigating the long-term process through which the country developed its capacity on this issue, we evaluated how and the extent to which the five-year technical cooperation supported by Japan International Cooperation Agency contributed to this by generating catalytic effects. This paper contributes to and complements the existing literature by applying a model of strategic issue diagnosis, by which we traced the evolving issue interpretations at the ministry and their consequent actions. This study finds that the technical cooperation interacted with changes in the institutional environment, raising the issue urgency, feasibility, and interdependence as perceived at KLHK, creating momentum to change their situation, and igniting endogenous capacity development. The study highlights that, as the substantial uncertainty in their reported GHG inventories was identified through the technical cooperation, the issue came to be defined by the ministry as the problem to be solved. This paper identifies the country’s specific context as an important factor to explain a project’s catalytic effect, or the absence thereof. It emphasizes that contexts must be factored in when evaluating projects, as they are often embedded in longer timeframes and in the wider scope that goes beyond the direct beneficiaries. |
| Keywords: | Capacity development, climate change, issue interpretations, carbon emissions, Indonesia |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jic:wpaper:225&r= |
| By: | Cecchi, Francesco; Chegeh, Joseph; Aredo, Samson Dejene; Kivuva, Benjamin; Kramer, Berber; Waithaka, Lilian; Waweru, Carol |
| Abstract: | Too often, smallholder farmers suffer severe financial consequences from extreme weather events, pests, and disease; and climate change will increase the frequency at which natural hazards occur. This poses a threat to livelihoods not only ex post, by reducing agricultural output and inducing farmers to sell their assets, keep children out of school or borrow at high rates; but also ex ante, by discouraging farmers from investing in high-return practices and technologies (Elbers et al., 2007). Innovative solutions are needed to help marginalized farmers prepare for these natural hazards. One solution, building upon decades of agricultural research for development, can be found in the breeding of crop varieties that are more tolerant to weather shocks, pests and disease. The resulting improvements in seed technology offer promising pathways to improve farmers’ adaptive capacity, crowd in investments in agriculture, and thereby enhance agricultural productivity (Emerick et al., 2016). At the same time, stress tolerance is not a bullet-proof solution against all hazards. Farming is risky by nature, and improved stress-tolerant varieties will not shield farmers from more severe hazards, or from risks for which stress tolerance was not an explicit breeding objective. Drought-tolerant varieties are, for instance, not necessarily disease tolerant as well. Improving resilience in the face of climate change will require a more complete solution, in which farmers invest in stress-tolerant varieties to reduce their exposure to moderate, manageable risks, whilst accessing other types of solutions, including financial services, to protect their livelihoods from more severe and catastrophic production risks. This project note describes the findings from a research program in Kenya that aims to design, implement, and evaluate more complete risk management solutions; in particular, a solution that promotes stress-tolerant crops and varieties using an innovative picture-based crop insurance (PBI) product. The note first describes this intervention and the study designed to measure its impacts, followed by an overview of key findings at midline. This will include insights on the scalability of picture-based claims settlement, opportunities for more gender-responsive program design, and demand for the insurance product. We conclude by describing key challenges faced whilst implementing these solutions and providing an outlook for the future. |
| Keywords: | KENYA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; insurance; seeds; smallholders; climate-smart agriculture; climate change; empowerment; gender; women; women's empowerment; risk; risk management; agricultural insurance; crop insurance; mobile telephones; technology; Picture-Based Crop Insurance (PBI); smartphones |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:1293760005&r= |
| By: | McLain, Rebecca |
| Abstract: | Tenure insecurity has a variety of negative consequences for natural resource management, agricultural productivity, and poverty reduction, but the sources of tenure insecurity differ for men and women, and for individual, household, and collective lands. Research supported through PIM has helped advance policy reforms that improve access to, and tenure security of, land and natural resources and has supported more equitable and sustainable use of resources in less developed regions. Statutory recognition of customary rights, multistakeholder processes such as for land use planning, and organized social alliances such as Indigenous Peoples’ groups have emerged as important mechanisms for securing rights or enhancing access to collectively held lands. Long-term partnerships, ongoing engagement, and training for multiple actors at multiple scales increases the likelihood of successful implementation of tenure reforms. Further research on tenure security can contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals, especially by clarifying how customary tenure can provide security and how tenure affects decision-making in multistakeholder platforms. |
| Keywords: | WORLD; tenure; research; tenure security; policies; reforms; Sustainable Development Goals |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:othbrf:1293760002&r= |
| By: | Alexandre Berthe,; Pascale Turquet,; Huynh Thi Phuong Linh. |
| Abstract: | The link between social protection and the environment is expected to become a growing policy intervention area in Southeast Asia. Based on a systematic review of the academic and institutional literature, this article proposes identifying the different possible visions of the link between social protection and environmental issues and their operationalization. By clustering the papers based on a reading grid proposed by the authors, the research shows this literature for the Mekong area is not very developed to date and most of the selected papers’ approach seem only to leave room for disaster response and assistance. The article also raises the question of the perimeter and very definition of social protection in these changing contexts and shows it is becoming necessary to build multilevel common socio-ecological systems. |
| Keywords: | Asie et Pacifique |
| JEL: | Q |
| Date: | 2022–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:avg:wpaper:en13558&r= |
| By: | Siegfried, Patrick; Michel, Alex; Tänzler, Jan; Zhang, John Jiyuan |
| Abstract: | E-commerce has been keeping fast increasing worldwide since beginning of the 21st century. While rapid growth of e-commerce, parcel shipping is a booming business [1]. However, how to handle with many hard-to-solve sustainability issues of transport in urban areas, is becoming a serious challenge for urban logistic sector and numerous stakeholders. The sustainability issues contain the problems of air pollution, congestion, and sub-contractors. This paper reported those issues in the context of growth of e-commerce and analyzed their efforts on the sustainable urban logistics development. |
| Keywords: | E-commerce, Last-mile delivery, Logistic solution, Parcel shipping, Transport, Sustainability, Urban logistic |
| JEL: | L81 O18 Q01 |
| Date: | 2021–06–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111396&r= |
| By: | Bandyopadhyay, Sutirtha; Maity, Bipasha |
| Abstract: | We study how weather shocks interact with cultural norms biased against women to affect female poverty within the household. Using expenditure on female assignable clothing per adult woman as a measure of women's intra-household access to consumption, we document that spending on female assignable goods is lower in households with at least one widowed woman relative to households with no widows in India. However, selection into widowhood appears to be plausibly random and economic hardship on account of death of a male member is unlikely to explain why households with a widow have lower spending on female assignable goods. We then study how rainfall shocks in uence the spending on female assignable goods by the presence of a widow in the household. We find that although beneficial rainfall shocks increase overall spending on female assignable goods; this increase is lower in households with a widow. We obtain opposite findings for spending on male assignable goods. We find that regions where widow persecution was widespread historically are associated with poorer outcomes for widows at present. Our analysis shows that persistence in historical norms can potentially prevent women from realizing gains in access to consumption resources within the household even in the event of beneficial environmental shocks. |
| Keywords: | widows,rainfall shocks,private assignable goods,historical persistence,India |
| JEL: | D13 I31 J12 J16 N35 Q54 Z10 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1021&r= |
| By: | Abir Khribich (Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, GREDEG, France; Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nabeul, University of Carthage, Tunisia; LEGI, Tunisia Polytechnic School.); Rami H. Kacem (Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nabeul, University of Carthage, Tunisia; LEGI, Tunisia Polytechnic School.); Damien Bazin (Université Côte d'Azur; GREDEG CNRS) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research is to examine the short and long term impact of social development on the consumption of renewable energy in Tunisia. Our conceptual framework centres on the capacity of individuals to contribute to sustainability, and thereby help prevent risks and increase resilience. We in fact consider the possibility that social development represents an endpoint for sustainable development. Our proposed methodology derives from a Social Development Index (SDI) which is determined by aggregating various indicators associated with social wellbeing. We then use the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate the existence of any causal relationship between social development and renewable energy consumption in the case of Tunisia. Empirical analysis shows that no such relationship exists over the long term (in both directions), but that a short term effect is detected at the 10% level of significance. This implies that additional specific strategies will be required to improve the degree of awareness among Tunisian people about the nationwide transition to renewable energy. Indeed, the empirical finding suggests that decision-makers and political leaders in developing countries such as Tunisia should develop consistent policies to ensure that any issues of uncertainty inherent to the development process are avoided, especially in the light of the current health emergency (Covid-19). |
| Keywords: | ARDL, Capabilities, Causality, Renewable energy, Social development, Tunisia |
| JEL: | C20 Q20 Q28 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2022-05&r= |
| By: | Rafael Wildauer (Department of International Business and Economics, University of Greenwich); Stuart Leitch (University of Greenwich); Jakob Kapeller (Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany; Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | This policy study asks to what extent large-scale public investment efforts could be a viable tool to provide the necessary infrastructure to break Europe’s dependency on fossil fuel and carbon emissions more broadly. We estimate semi-structural VAR models for the EU27. These are used to study the impact of permanent as well as 5-year long public investment programmes. Three key findings emerge: First, government investment multipliers for the EU27 are large and range from 5.12 to 5.25. Second, debt-to-GDP ratios are likely to fall in response to the strong economic impulse generated by additional public investment spending. The study therefore classifies additional public investment spending in the EU27 as sustainable fiscal policy. Third, single country investment initiatives will likely lead to smaller economic expansions when compared to coordinated EU-wide investment, due to Europe’s strong intra-member state trade flows. A coordinated approach to fiscal policy is thus substantially more effective not only when it comes to delivering network-dependent infrastructure (rail, grid) but also with respect to the economic stimulus it creates. |
| Keywords: | E62 Fiscal Policy; H63 Sovereign Debt |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ico:wpaper:133&r= |
| By: | Angelos Alamanos; Phoebe Koundouri; Lydia Papadaki; Tatiana Pliakou |
| Abstract: | This research reflects the outcomes from an ongoing project based on continuous collaboration (stakeholder engagement) and scientific support towards sustainable and resilient water management. A multi-disciplinary platform is used to bring together all relevant stakeholders of Thessaly, a Greek rural region facing multiple water management problems, historically. The problems, causes and potential solutions are analysed in a series of virtual meetings (March 2021 - June 2022) in order to develop business plan(s) for the improvement of the situation in multiple levels. A basic result from the project so far, a commonly acceptable measure, refers to the digital agriculture � irrigation water management, which has multiple benefits and enhances resilience to different future challenges. Such measures are supported by the international practice, research, and policy agendas: Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and interactive maps have been used successfully for agricultural monitoring and management in the context of informed decision-making (Jhariya 2019) and guidance for targeted measures (Mockler et al. 2016), while they support the use (and adaptation) of new technologies by multiple users (Mustafi et al. 2021). The main objective of this work is to analyse the multiple benefits of such digital management tools from a new perspective: as a means for transparency and accountability to speed up progress and support informed decisions, as resulted from a multi-disciplinary stakeholder group. The methodology developed and followed for this project, the way of reaching to common visions, and the proposed actions for the specific study area are the novel elements of this work. |
| Date: | 2022–02–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2210&r= |
| By: | Cerri, Jacopo; Sciandra, Chiara; Contardo, Tania; Bertolino, Sandro |
| Abstract: | Invasive mosquitoes are an emerging ecological and sanitary issue. Many factors have been suggested as drivers or barriers to their control, still no study quantified their influence over mosquito management by local authorities, nor their interplay with local economic conditions. We assessed how multiple environmental, sanitary, and socio-economic factors affected the engagement of municipalities in Italy (n = 7,679) in actions against Aedes albopictus, an invasive mosquito affecting human health and well-being, between 2000 and 2020. Municipalities are more prone to manage A. albopictus if more urbanized, in lowlands, with long infestation periods and close to outbreaks of Chikungunya, for which A. albopictus is a competent vector. Moreover, these variables were more strongly associated with management in municipalities with a high median income, and thus more economic resources. Only 25.5% of Italian municipalities approved regulations for managing A. albopictus, and very few of them were in Southern Italy, the most deprived area of the country. Our findings indicate that local economic conditions moderate the effect of other drivers of mosquito control and ultimately can lead to better management of A. albopictus. Thus, to ensure social justice, existing policies for managing the impacts of invasive vectors should explicitly address territorial inequalities by providing policymakers with adequate economic means. |
| Date: | 2022–01–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:ecoevo:3ju9v&r= |
| By: | RUSSO Carlo; SANSONE Marcello; COLAMATTEO Annarita; PAGNANELLI Maria Anna; TWUM Kyei Edward |
| Abstract: | This Report summarizes the findings emerging from the online workshop on ‘Marketing Standards: Benefits and costs of EU marketing standards for agri-food products’ which was organized by the Directorate-General for Agriculture and Rural Development (DG-AGRI) and Joint Research Centre (JRC) on September 9th 2021. The discussion revolves around three main issues regarding the EU marketing standards: i) Do the benefits from current regulation exceed the costs? ii) What are the implications of EU regulations for international trade and producers? and iii) What are the possible effects of a change in regulation, updating EU marketing standards to promote a sustainable agrifood system and adjust to changes in consumer preferences and technology? |
| Keywords: | Marketing standards, food chain, EU regulation, European Green Deal, Farm to Fork Strategy |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc128162&r= |
| By: | Cullen S. Hendrix (Peterson Institute for International Economics) |
| Abstract: | The world's transition to sustainable energy systems has suddenly become a boon to countries rich in critical minerals used in clean energy technologies like rechargeable batteries, solar panels, wind turbines, and electric vehicles. Among these critical minerals are aluminum, coltan, copper, aluminum, zinc, tin, rare earths, lithium, tantalum, and cobalt. Given that these minerals are key to building sustainable energy systems, vital for ensuring military might, and often extremely valuable, will countries with large, exportable endowments of these minerals fall prey to the resource curse? Hendrix says these countries may find their newfound wealth to be a mixed blessing. The size of the markets for these resources and their marginal production costs suggest that they do not have the potential to generate massive rents the way that oil and gas production have. Given that these rents are the source of many ills--authoritarianism, reduced investment in human capital, poor human rights records--this is good news. But because several of these minerals can be mined artisanally, they may lead to governance challenges related to armed conflict. Their status as strategic resources will invite major power meddling and interventions--but only if mineral-rich economies are forced to align themselves and access to their resources with a major power, like the United States or China. The 20th century's scramble to secure oil resources led to cursed dynamics in oil-rich societies, but historical precedent is not destiny. Mineral-rich countries may avoid the resource curse, especially if they develop diverse investment and trading relationships to balance major power interests in their mineral wealth and embrace industry- and civil society-led good governance initiatives around mineral resources. |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:pbrief:pb22-1&r= |
| By: | Del Campo, Stellio; Anthoff, David; Kornek, Ulrike |
| Abstract: | A sizeable body of literature on climate economics utilizes the notion of inequality aversion. We review and synthesize published estimates of inequality aversion to guide this literature. We review both axiomatic and empirical studies, accordingly our findings draw on different lines of evidence. In the former case, a variety of ethical principles underlie the recommendations for positive inequality aversion. The latter studies use various methods to present estimates based on some form of "revealed ethics," for example by looking at existing progressive income tax-schedules or the level of foreign aid. Here we find strong support for the view that inequality aversion is positive (but potentially small) and very little support for any value larger than three. The vast majority of studies that look at domestic policies support values between one and two, whereas studies that look at foreign aid find lower values ranging from above zero to unity. |
| Keywords: | inequality aversion,marginal valuation of income,Atkinson index,climate change |
| JEL: | D63 I31 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:249036&r= |
| By: | Inderst, Roman; Thomas, Stefan |
| Abstract: | In this paper we outline how a future change in consumers' willingness-to-pay can be accounted for in a consumer welfare effects analysis in antitrust. Key to our solution is the prediction of preferences of new consumers and changing preferences of existing consumers in the future. The dimension of time is inextricably linked with that of sustainability. Taking into account the welfare of future cohorts of consumers, concerns for sustainability can therefore be integrated into the consumer welfare paradigm to a greater extent. As we argue in this paper, it is expedient to consider changes in consumers' willingness-to-pay, in particular if society undergoes profound changes in such preferences, e.g., caused by an increase in generally available information on environmental effects of consumption, and a rising societal awareness about how consumption can have irreversible impacts on the environment. We offer suggestions on how to conceptionalize and operationalize the projection of such consumers' changing preferences in a "prospective welfare analysis". This increases the scope of the consumer welfare paradigm and can help to solve conceptual issues regarding the integration of sustainability into antitrust enforcement while keeping consumer surplus as a quantitative gauge. |
| Keywords: | Antitrust,Consumer Welfare,Sustainability |
| JEL: | A13 K21 K32 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:lawfin:29&r= |
| By: | Grégoire Tallard; Marcel Adenäuer; Koen Deconinck; Gaëlle Gouarin |
| Abstract: | A shift towards healthier diets is expected to address the challenge of providing food security and nutrition for a growing global population. This report explores whether such a shift would also have positive effects on the other two challenges food systems face: supporting livelihoods for those working along the food supply chain and contributing to environmental sustainability. The report finds that aligning diets with World Health Organisation guidelines on sugar and fat consumption would have the expected positive effect on nutrition and food security, and would also positively affect environmental sustainability. The effect on livelihoods along the food value chain, however, would overall be negative. The magnitude of the trade-offs and synergies are greater when fat consumption is reduced, as opposed to sugar consumption, because actual consumption levels of fat are further away from WHO recommendations. |
| Keywords: | Dietary recommendations, Food security, Overweight, Sustainability, Undernourishment |
| JEL: | C53 I10 Q01 Q02 Q54 |
| Date: | 2022–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:173-en&r= |
| By: | DIODATO Dario (European Commission - JRC); MONCADA PATERNO' CASTELLO Pietro (European Commission - JRC); RENTOCCHINI Francesco (European Commission - JRC); TUEBKE Alexander (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | New scientific evidence points out key issues helpful to designing policies and understanding new challenges, such as for requirements of the digital and green (twin) transition. - More effort is needed from companies in gender balance, which can also leverage the twin transition.- Strengthen the collaboration of companies with other research & innovation actors and secure an easy access to state-of-the-art technology infrastructure at the local level.- Support young and innovative companies to foster the growth potential of new ideas, particularly in strategic sectors.- Increase collaboration and support programmes among developed and developing countries in environmental and socio-economic Sustainable Development Goals.- Continue to invest in people’s education and skills, re-skilling and re-training, particularly in skills needed for hybrid (mix of remote and office-based) work. - Strengthen the Single Market, by reducing fragmentation, improving conditions for competition and better governance- Industrial innovation policy needs to be transformative, including new directions in objectives and investments, co-creation, a "whole government" approach and anticipation of future change. |
| Keywords: | Industrial Research and Innovation, Economics and and Policy, Green Deal, Twin transition, Sustainability, Competitiveness, European Union |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc128430&r= |
| By: | Röder, Norbert; Dehler, Marcel; Jungmann, Susanne; Laggner, Birgit; Nitsch, Heike; Offermann, Frank; Reiter, Karin; Roggendorf, Wolfgang; Theilen, Greta; de Witte, Thomas; Wüstemann, Friedrich |
| Abstract: | Mit der gegenwärtigen Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) verfolgt die EU insbesondere das Ziel, neben der Einkommensstützung den Beitrag des Agrarsektors zum Schutz des Klimas, der Umwelt und der biologischen Vielfalt zu erhöhen. Hierfür wird in der neuen GAP ab 01.01.2023 in der 1. Säule die Basisprämie an die Einhaltung der 'erweiterten Konditionalität' gebunden und es werden Ökoregelungen eingeführt. Für die freiwillige Teilnahme an den Ökoregelungen erhalten die Landwirte eine zusätzliche Förderung. Weiterhin möchte die EU die Agrarpolitik flexibler gestalten und stärker an den Bedürfnissen der jeweiligen Mitgliedstaaten ausrichten. Hierfür müssen die Mitgliedstaaten nationale GAP-Strategiepläne entwickeln und darin die Ausgestaltung der Ökoregelungen festlegen. Der nationale Strategieplan mit den Umsetzungsvorschlägen für Ökoregelungen wird federführend vom BMEL in Abstimmung mit den Ländern und Interessensvertretern entwickelt. Im Rahmen der vorbereitenden Arbeiten am GAP-Strategieplan-Entwurf für Deutschland wurde das Thünen-Institut beauftragt, die ökonomischen Implikationen der Ökoregelungen abzuschätzen. Dazu gehören neben der Frage der einzelbetrieblichen Umsetzungskosten vor allem Analysen zur erwarteten Inanspruchnahme und Budgetwirksamkeit der Maßnahmen bei unterschiedlichen Prämienhöhen. Für die Bewertung der ökologischen Wirksamkeit der vorgeschlagenen Ökoregelungen wurden Beiträge aus dem Konsortium abgerufen, das unter Federführung des Instituts für Ländliche Strukturforschung (IflS) mit der Ex-ante-Evaluierung des GAP-Strategieplan-Entwurfs beauftragt ist. Die Ex-ante-Evaluierung wurde dabei als begleitender und unterstützender Prozess der Planentwicklung verstanden. Der Gegenstand der Bewertung leitet sich aus den in Art. 6 Nr. 1 Buchstaben d), e) und f) der GAP-Strategieplan-Verordnung dargelegten spezifischen Zielen ab. Zusätzlich werden Fragen der Wirksamkeit, Effizienz und Konsistenz im Kontext der gesamten Grünen Architektur angerissen. Im vorliegenden Band 1 des Thünen Working Papers 180 erfolgt auf Basis der im Februar 2021 vorgelegten Entwürfe zu fünf Interventionsbeschreibungen für Ökoregelungen eine erste Abschät-zung auf ökologische und ökonomische Implikationen. Diese umfasst für jede der betrachteten Ökoregelungen die Darstellung der agrarstrukturellen Ausgangslage, die ökologische Einordnung hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit je Hektar sowie eine regionalisierte einzelbetriebliche Kalkulation der ökonomischen Auswirkungen. Die ökologische Einordnung beinhaltet für die einzelnen Ökorege-lungen neben Einschätzungen der potenziellen Wirkung auf die Schutzgüter Empfehlungen zur Verbesserung der ökologischen Wirksamkeit. Darüber hinaus werden Kalkulationen zum Förderbedarf und eine Ad-hoc-Schätzung des betrieblichen Anpassungsbedarfes vorgenommen. |
| Keywords: | GAP nach 2020,Grüne Architektur,Umweltwirkungen,CAP post 2020,green architecture,environmental impact |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q57 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:180band1&r= |
| By: | Sutirtha Bandyopadhyay (Indian Institute of Management, Indore); Bipasha Maity (Ashoka University) |
| Abstract: | We study how weather shocks interact with cultural norms biased against women to affect female poverty within the household. Using expenditure on female assignable clothing per adult woman as a measure of women's intra-household access to consumption, we document that spending on female assignable goods is lower in households with at least one widowed woman relative to households with no widows in India. However, selection into widowhood appears to be plausibly random and economic hardship on account of death of a male member is unlikely to explain why households with a widow have lower spending on female assignable goods. We then study how rainfall shocks influence the spending on female assignable goods by the presence of a widow in the household. We find that although beneficial rainfall shocks increase overall spending on female assignable goods; this increase is lower in households with a widow. We obtain opposite findings for spending on male assignable goods. We find that regions where widow persecution was widespread historically are associated with poorer outcomes for widows at present. Our analysis shows that persistence in historical norms can potentially prevent women from realizing gains in access to consumption resources within the household even in the event of beneficial environmental shocks. |
| Keywords: | India; widows; private assignable goods; rainfall shocks; historical persistence |
| Date: | 2021–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ash:wpaper:73&r= |
| By: | Herve Kaffo Fotio (University of Maroua, Cameroon); Tii N. Nchofoung (University of Dschang, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Despite growing attention on the role of renewable energy in promoting economic growth and environmental sustainability, its adoption rate remains uncomfortably low, especially in developing countries. This study attempts to explore the ways to extend the installed capacity of renewable energy in 16 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1980-2017. The results from panel cointegration econometric techniques suggest that policies to enhance financial integration should increase the installed capacity of renewable energy in SSA, though the beneficial effect is only statistically significant in the long run. This effect holds, although disproportionately when the financial integration index is disaggregated into its de facto and de jure aspects. Moreover, the quantile regression analysis reveals that the effect of financial integration on renewable energy capacity is positive but heterogeneous across the conditional distribution of renewable energy capacity. However, the positive effect of financial integration is not enough to ensure the diversification of the energy mix, measured as the share of renewable installed capacity in the total installed capacity. The results show that economic growth is positively linked to renewable energy generation capacity while financial development is negatively associated with renewable energy production. Overall, these findings suggest that policies to increase the openness to foreign capitals are welcomed as far as renewable energy generation is concerned. |
| Keywords: | Financial integration, Renewable energy, Sub-Saharan Africa, Cointegration |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:22/016&r= |
| By: | Caroline Fyfe (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Arthur Grimes (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Shannon Minehan (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research); Phoebe Taptiklis (Motu Economic and Public Policy Research) |
| Abstract: | Over a fifth of New Zealanders find their homes to be too cold and damp. EECA’s Warmer Kiwi Homes (WKH) programme aims to make New Zealand homes warmer, drier, and healthier, while improving their energy efficiency. The programme includes provision of clean heating devices (primarily heat pumps) to household living areas that do not have such heating. We examine impacts that WKH heat pump provision has on household outcomes including comfort and wellbeing, indoor environmental outcomes and electricity use. The evaluation covers 127 households in Auckland/Waikato, Wellington and Christchurch who applied for a heat pump through WKH in 2021. Evaluation methods include two qualitative household surveys, a house survey, indoor environmental quality readings from a monitor in the living area, and electricity use measured using smart meter data. Timing of heat pump installation was effectively randomised by the onset of COVID-19, so enhancing the study’s statistical precision. The qualitative and quantitative data show that houses became more comfortable, warmer and less damp following heat pump installation relative to a house without a heat pump yet installed; CO2 levels also fell. These gains were achieved despite a likely fall in energy use. |
| Keywords: | Heat pumps; indoor temperature; electricity use; wellbeing; Warmer Kiwi Homes |
| JEL: | I18 I31 I38 Q48 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtu:wpaper:22_02&r= |
| By: | Chistov, Valery; Tanwar, Sunita; Yadav, C.S. |
| Abstract: | Sustainable Entrepreneurship and Innovation are essential tools in the transition towards a more fair, healthy, and sustainable society. This chapter gives an overview of the two decades of research on the topic and discusses the current state of its application. It shows that the current literature lacks a more profound theoretical and practical investigation. Nevertheless, these gaps may be covered soon, as the number of publications in this area is growing. Additionally, the chapter explores the importance of a radical approach, open innovation strategies, and collaboration to foster sustainable entrepreneurship and innovation and tackle the Grand Challenges of modern society. |
| Date: | 2021–12–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:ecoevo:r5ebg&r= |
| By: | Aguirre Lyon, Daniela.; Müller, Anne Kathrin.; Trajtman, Natalie. |
| Abstract: | Con el objetivo de profundizar en la evolución de la función de la sostenibilidad en las empresas en Chile y comprender el alcance e impacto que está teniendo el área de sostenibilidad, el presente estudio considera un análisis de fuentes secundarias y la recopilación de información primaria de empresas que operan en el país. A partir de una descripción del contexto sociopolítico y económico, este documento de trabajo identifica y analiza las tendencias internacionales y nacionales que están influyendo en el desarrollo de la sostenibilidad empresarial en Chile, así como la manera en que se expresan localmente las transformaciones que está enfrentando el mundo del trabajo. Asimismo, se recoge y analiza información cuantitativa y cualitati a con compañías que forman parte de Acción Empresas, una red empresarial no gremial que promueve el desarrollo sostenible desde y con el sector privado en Chile y forma parte de la Red Global del Consejo Empresarial Mundial para el Desarrollo Sostenible (WBCSD, por sus siglas en inglés). La recopilación de información primaria se realizó en 2021 mediante una encuesta a 55 empresas la cual fue complementado por entrevistas en profundidad a cuatro casos de estudio (empresas de diferentes rubros con una trayectoria importante en temas de sostenibilidad), buscando caracterizar y comprender cómo se ha ido desarrollando el área y la función de sostenibilidad en las empresas en Chile, cuál está siendo su capacidad de respuesta al entorno y las partes interesadas, así como la manera en que los/as trabajadores/ as y sus representantes se están involucrando en los procesos de desarrollo sostenible. |
| Keywords: | sustainable development, enterprise development |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995164393402676&r= |
| By: | Gibbons, Stephen; Peng, Cong; Tang, Cheng Keat |
| Abstract: | This paper values the local environmental benefits of historic, navigable canals using property values. We employ regressions on high-volume transaction data, controlling for micro-geographic fixed effects, and cross-check these estimates against a causal, difference-in-differences analysis of a local canal restoration project. We find a price premium within 100 m, suggesting benefits for canal-side properties with a direct outlook or immediate access, around 5% before the 2008 recession, falling to 3.4% by 2016. These locations have a higher proportion of new-build sales, suggesting they attract developers. Our calculations imply canals generate land value uplift of £0.8-0.9 billion in England and Wales. |
| Keywords: | canals; waterways; house prices; environment; valuation; revealed preference; ES/M010341/1; UKRI block grant |
| JEL: | Q51 |
| Date: | 2021–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:107931&r= |
| By: | Lööf, Hans (CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, Royal Institute of Technology); Sahamkhadam, Maziar (Linnaeus University); Stephan, Andreas (Linnaeus University) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates how optimal portfolios of timber & forestry stocks perform relative to the global S&P timber & forestry index when corporate social responsibility (CSR) is considered. We incorporate CSR in the construction of optimal portfolios by utilizing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores. Historical as well as copula-augmented predictive models and ESG-constrained optimization are used to analyze out-of-sample performance of various portfolio strategies over the period 2018-2021. The results of copula-based portfolio strategies are better than of the historical models. Another insight gained by this study is that socially responsible investments in forestry stocks are feasible without sacrificing risk-adjusted returns. |
| Keywords: | portfolio optimization; ESG; forestry stocks; return; risk; vine copula |
| JEL: | G11 G12 G17 G32 |
| Date: | 2022–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cesisp:0490&r= |
| By: | Haggi, Hamed; M. Fenton, James; Brooker, Paul; Sun, Wei |
| Abstract: | In this study, we consider the perspective of the distribution system operator (DSO) that manages the DERs, especially H2 production and consumption by H2 systems, to reach the goal of net-zero emission energy production. It should be mentioned that a vertically integrated design is considered for the operation of the distribution network. To have realistic analysis of distribution network considering the power flow and voltage challenges, a standard 33-node distribution network, based on Fig. 1 including utility-operated natural gas power plants (combined cycle units and combustion turbine units), PV units, Battery energy storage (e.g. Li-ion batteries, Vanadium Redox flow batteries, etc.), and H2 systems (including electrolyzers, compressors, storage tanks, and FC units) are considered. Different types of voltage-dependent loads are considered such as critical, moderately-critical, and non-critical loads to resemble load types like hospitals, offices, grocery stores, etc. The goal of normal operation from grid operators' (utilities) perspective is to operate these assets to minimize the total operational and investment costs and maximize the green energy production for the power sector. Interested readers are encouraged to check. Simulation results for different case studies assume costs for the year 2050, and demonstrate that with considering H2 systems and Redox flow batteries, the net-zero emission energy production for electricity demand supply is achieved in high PV penetration levels while addressing the technical and physical network constraints. |
| Keywords: | H2 production, Utility Operations, Net Zero Emission Policy |
| JEL: | C15 C6 C61 |
| Date: | 2022–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:111390&r= |
| By: | Pinzón-Barrero, Adela Johanna. |
| Abstract: | La Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), como agencia de las Naciones Unidas, y en su propósito de promover los derechos laborales, oportunidades de trabajo decente, mejorar la protección social y fortalecer el dialogo en asuntos relacionados con el trabajo, en su Declaración Centenaria reconoce la importancia de las empresas en el logro de su agenda centrada en las personas y el logro de la agenda de sostenibilidad mundial. En este sentido, la OIT está interesada en conocer cómo se desarrolla la Responsabilidad Social empresarial en las empresas a nivel mundial, sin embargo se encuentra poca documentación sobre empresas de economías emergentes, como es el caso de Colombia. Es por esto que el departamento de investigaciones de la OIT, en asocio con la Oficina Regional para América Latina y el Caribe, comisionaron un estudio de país que permita identificar cómo se desarrollan estas temáticas en el contexto empresarial colombiano. |
| Keywords: | corporate social responsibility, sustainable development |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:995164393502676&r= |
| By: | Christopher F Baum (Boston College; DIW Berlin); Arash Kordestani (Södertörn University); Dorothea Schäfer (DIW Berlin; Jönköping International Business School); Andreas Stephan (Linnaeus University; DIW Berlin) |
| Abstract: | We examine whether the financial strength of companies, in particular, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is causally linked to the award of a public procurement contract (PP), especially in the environmentally friendly “green” area (GPP). For this purpose, we build a combined procurement company data set from the Tenders Electronic Daily (TED) and the SME database AMADEUS, which includes ten European countries. First, we apply probit models to investigate whether the probability of winning the public tender depends on the company's financial strength. We then use the flexpanel DiD approach to investigate the question of whether the award has an impact on the future financial strength of the successful company. On the one hand, we find that a lower equity ratio and a higher short-term debt ratio increase the probability of being successful in a public tender. On the other hand, the success means that the companies can continue to work after the award with a lower equity ratio than comparable companies without an award, regardless of whether the company was successful in a traditional or a “green” public tender. We conclude from this that the success in a PP is a substitute for one's own financial strength and thus facilitates access to external financing. The estimation results differ depending on whether public procurement in general or the sub-group of sustainable public procurement is examined. |
| Keywords: | public procurement, green investment, public authorities, European Union |
| JEL: | H42 H44 C54 |
| Date: | 2022–01–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:boc:bocoec:1049&r= |
| By: | Grivas Chiyaba (Department of Economics, University of Reading); Carl Singleton (Department of Economics, University of Reading) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the relationships between natural resources, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and the quality of national institutions, also known as ``the rules of the game''. Using a panel dataset of 69 developing countries over the period 1970–2015, we find negative and significant effects of natural resource use or extraction on the development of national institutions. We focus on legal and property rights, but these findings also apply to the quality of some other national institutions. Our results align with a theory that abundant natural resources lead to weakened institutions because of the potential for firms to secure monopoly rents. Further, we find that the effects of FDI inflows on institutional development are not robust to controlling for natural resource rents. This suggests that the latter tend to erode institutions regardless of whether those resources are exploited alongside increased foreign investment into the local economy. |
| Keywords: | Foreign direct investment, Natural resource abundance, Institutional quality |
| JEL: | F21 O13 O17 Q33 |
| Date: | 2022–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rdg:emxxdp:em-dp2022-02&r= |
| By: | Rosas-Munoz, Juan (University of Nottingham); Espinola-Arredondo, Ana (Washington State University); Munoz-Garcia, Felix (Washington State University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines a common-pool resource where quotas and fines are set by a regulator, an artisanal organization (cooperative), or both. We analyze the interaction between the policies of both regulatory agencies under an inflexible policy regime, where quotas and fines can be revised across periods, and under an inflexible policy regime, where they cannot. We show that inefficiencies arise in the inflexible regime, but they are eliminated when the two agencies coexist. We then extend our model to a setting where regulator and artisanal organization have misaligned preferences, demonstrating that both agencies are still preferable when the stock regenerates rapidly, but a single agency is preferable otherwise. |
| Keywords: | Common-pool resource; regulation; artisanal organization; flexible policy; inflexible policy; inefficiencies |
| JEL: | H23 L13 Q50 |
| Date: | 2022–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:wsuwpa:2022_001&r= |
| By: | Röder, Norbert; Offermann, Frank |
| Abstract: | Mit der gegenwärtigen Reform der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) verfolgt die EU insbesondere das Ziel, neben der Einkommensstützung den Beitrag des Agrarsektors zum Schutz des Klimas, der Umwelt und der biologischen Vielfalt zu erhöhen. Hierfür wird in der neuen GAP ab 01.01.2023 in der 1. Säule die Basisprämie an die Einhaltung der 'erweiterten Kondi-tionalität' gebunden und es werden Ökoregelungen eingeführt. Für die freiwillige Teilnahme an den Ökoregelungen erhalten die Landwirte eine zusätzliche Förderung. Weiterhin möchte die EU die Agrarpolitik flexibler gestalten und stärker an den Bedürfnissen der jeweiligen Mitgliedstaaten ausrichten. Hierfür müssen die Mitgliedstaaten nationale GAP-Strategiepläne entwickeln und darin die Ausgestaltung der Ökoregelungen festlegen. Der nationale Strategieplan mit den Umsetzungsvorschlägen für Ökoregelungen wird federführend vom BMEL in Abstimmung mit den Ländern und Interessensvertretern entwickelt. Im Rahmen der vorbereitenden Arbeiten am GAP-Strategieplan-Entwurf für Deutschland wurde das Thünen-Institut beauftragt, die ökonomischen Implikationen der Ökoregelungen abzuschätzen. Dazu gehören neben der Frage der einzelbetrieblichen Umsetzungskosten vor allem Analysen zur erwarteten Inanspruchnahme und Budgetwirksamkeit der Maßnahmen bei unterschiedlichen Prämienhöhen. Für die Bewertung der ökologischen Wirksamkeit der vorgeschlagenen Ökoregelungen wur-den Beiträge aus dem Konsortium abgerufen, das unter Federführung des Instituts für Ländliche Strukturforschung (IflS) mit der Ex-ante-Evaluierung des GAP-Strategieplan-Entwurfs beauftragt ist. Die Ex-ante-Evaluierung wurde dabei als begleitender und unterstützender Prozess der Planentwicklung verstanden. Der Gegenstand der Bewertung leitet sich aus den in Art. 6 Nr. 1 Buchstaben d), e) und f) der GAP-Strategieplan-Verordnung dargelegten spezifischen Zielen ab. Zusätzlich werden Fragen der Wirksamkeit, Effizienz und Konsistenz im Kontext der gesamten Grünen Architektur angerissen. Der vorliegenden Band 4 des Thünen Working Papers 180 analysiert die Auswirkungen verschiedener Varianten zur Ausgestaltung und Prämienhöhe der geplanten Ökoregelungen auf die erwartete Inanspruchnahme und den Mittelbedarf. Dazu werden Szenarien mit unterschiedlicher Prämienhöhe für die Ökoregelung 'Vielfältige Kulturen im Ackerbau' in Kombination mit Varianten zur Anrechnung von Brachflächen als Kultur betrachtet. Ferner wird der Einfluss einzelner Annahmen zur Akzeptanz weiterer Ökoregelungen auf den Mittelbedarf untersucht. Diskutiert werden zudem weitere wichtige Einflussfaktoren und Unsicherheitsfaktoren, die die Akzeptanz einzelner Ökoregelungen beeinflussen. |
| Keywords: | GAPnach 2020,Grüne Architektur,Umweltzahlungen,CAP post 2020,green-architecture,payments for the environment |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 Q57 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtiwp:180band4&r= |
| By: | Franck Aggeri (CGS i3 - Centre de Gestion Scientifique i3 - MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Keywords: | industrial ecoparks,industrial ecology |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03503290&r= |
| By: | Pies, Ingo |
| Abstract: | Dieser Artikel dokumentiert ein Kurzinterview und einen Nachtrag. Das Interview beantwortet Fragen zur Corona-Pandemie, die mir vom Deutschen Netzwerk Wirtschaftsethik (DNWE) vorgelegt wurden. Der Nachtrag reflektiert auf ordonomische Publikationen, die während dieser Krisenzeit entstanden sind. |
| Keywords: | Ordonomik,Vorsorgeprinzip,Unternehmensverantwortung,nachhaltige Entwicklung,Lockdown,Diskursversagen,Wachstum,Innovation,ordonomics,precautionary principle,corporate responsibility,sustainable development,lockdown,discourse failure,growth,innovation |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:mlucee:202107&r= |
| By: | Guillaume Le Borgne (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc); Lucie Sirieix (UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This research focuses on responsible offers, including offers on sustainable products and offers with a responsible purpose, such as "saving" products from waste or supporting producers. Price is an important barrier to the purchase of sustainable products, which promotions would seem to be able to overcome. However, promotions - especially in the case of responsible offers - can also lead to a shift in consumers' perceived benefits and sacrifices, and turn them away from these products. A study of the reactions of consumers (members of the Dealabs community) to offers proposed on this site dedicated to promotions helps answer this question. This study enriches existing work on perceived value by highlighting the perceived benefits and sacrifices specific to these offers: benefits and sacrifices for oneself and for the others, direct and indirect. It leads to the proposal of a model presenting the perception of the value of the offer, the influencing factors upstream and the positive and negative reactions that result from it, as well as avenues for future research. |
| Abstract: | Cette recherche s'intéresse aux offres responsables, regroupant les offres de produits durables et les offres ayant une finalité responsable, telle que « sauver » les produits du gaspillage ou soutenir des producteurs. Le prix est un frein important à l'achat de produits durables, que les promotions sembleraient pouvoir lever. Cependant, les promotions – en particulier dans le cas des offres responsables - peuvent également entraîner une modification des bénéfices et sacrifices perçus par le consommateur, et le détourner de ces produits. Une étude des réactions de consommateurs membres de la communauté Dealabs face à des offres proposées sur ce site dédié aux promotions permet de répondre à cette question. Cette étude permet d'enrichir les travaux existants sur la valeur perçue en mettant en évidence les bénéfices et sacrifices perçus propres à ces offres : des bénéfices et sacrifices personnels, pour les autres, directs et indirects. Elle débouche sur la proposition d'un modèle présentant la perception de la valeur de l'offre, les facteurs d'influence en amont et les réactions positives et négatives qui en découlent et de pistes pour de futures recherches. |
| Keywords: | promotion,value,responsible,sustainability,benefits,sacrifices,fair trade products,food consumption,consommation alimentaire,produits équitables,bénéfices,valeur,responsable,durabilité |
| Date: | 2021–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03482039&r= |
| By: | Mounir Dahmani (Université de Gafsa, Tunisie); Mohamed Mabrouki (Université de Gafsa, Tunisie); Adel Ben Youssef (Université Côte d'Azur, France; GREDEG CNRS) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the nexus between consumption of renewable and non-renewables energies, financial development, diffusion of information and communication technology (ICT) and economic growth in the MENA countries. We employ a cross-section augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) modeling approach to analyze the effect of our explanatory variables on economic growth. We find a positive impact of renewable and non-renewable energies on economic growth. Financial development is related negatively to economic growth which may be explained among other things, by a weak financial sector, macroeconomic volatility and financial crises, or the existence of non-linear relationships. We find a positive and statistically significant influence of ICT on GDP. Renewable energies and diffusion of ICT can be considered important determinants of improved economic activity, job creation and create jobs and a better environment. |
| Keywords: | ICT, financial development, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, MENA, dynamic panel, CS-ARDL |
| Date: | 2021–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gre:wpaper:2021-46&r= |
| By: | Laure Margarit (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Charlotte Emlinger (Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], CEPII - Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales); Karine Latouche (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | Dans cet article, nous analysons les déterminants de la signature entre États d'un accord commercial, bilatéral ou plurilatéral avec différents niveaux de contraintes en matière d'environnement. Nous mobilisons l'approche réseau et analysons plusieurs réseaux d'accords commerciaux, avec le Stochastic Actor Oriented Model (SAOM). Nos estimations montrent que, lorsque les États ont déjà signé plusieurs accords contraignants, que ce soit des accords bilatéraux ou plurilatéraux, ils sont ensuite plus enclins à en signer d'autres. Ce résultat suggère que lorsque des efforts en matière de réglementation environnementale ont déjà été faits pour répondre aux exigences d'un accord, il moins couteux d'inclure des contraintes environnementales dans les accords suivants. |
| Keywords: | Accords commerciaux,Environnement,Réseaux,Stochastic Actor-Oriented Model |
| Date: | 2021–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03514742&r= |
| By: | Catherine Laroche-Dupraz (SMART-LERECO - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement) |
| Abstract: | Nous cherchons à identifier le rôle que pourraient jouer les décisions des responsables politiques des EM de l'UE sur l'incapacité à parvenir à une diminution de l'usage des pesticides pourtant reconnus comme dangereux en agriculture. En analysant les recours aux flexibilités permises dans le cadre de la mise en oeuvre de la réglementation européenne, notre analyse vise précisément à tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle la flexibilité de mise en oeuvre de la réglementation européenne d'un EM à l'autre joue à l'encontre de l'objectif de réduction de l'usage des pesticides en France et plus largement en Europe. Dans une première section, nous posons le cadre d'analyse économique utilisé pour aborder cette question en utilisant le modèle du dilemme du prisonnier. La seconde section identifie, dans la réglementation européenne en matière d'utilisation des pesticides, les dispositions qui permettent d'expliquer que tous les EM n'autorisent (n'interdisent) pas simultanément l'usage des mêmes produits phytopharmaceutiques, et montre l'ampleur de ces sources de distorsions. La troisième section précise, dans le cas des néonicotinoïdes, le contexte de la décision française en 2020 de demander une dérogation permettant le retour de l'usage d'un produit interdit depuis 2 ans sur le territoire français. Nous tirons de cette analyse des suggestions en matière d'évolution de l'instrumentation des politiques visant la réduction des pesticides. |
| Keywords: | Pesticides,Dilemme du prisonnier,Dérogation,Règlement,Concurrence,Marché européen,Néonicotinoïde |
| Date: | 2021–12–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03516278&r= |