|
on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Cathal O’Donoghue; Aksana Chyzheuskaya; Eoin Grealis; William Finnegan; Jamie Goggin; Stephen Hynes1; Kevin Kilcline; Mary Ryan |
| Abstract: | Sustainable intensification is one of the greatest challenges facing the agri-food sector which needs to produce more food to meet increasing global demand, while minimising negative environmental impacts such as agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Sustainable intensification relates not just to primary production, but also has wider value chain implications. An input-output model is a modelling framework which contains the flows across a value chain within a country. Input-output (IO) models have been disaggregated to have finer granular detail in relation to agricultural sub-sectoral value chains. National IO models with limited agricultural disaggregation have been developed to look at carbon footprints and within agriculture to look at the carbon footprint of specific value chains. In this paper we adapt an agriculturally disaggregated IO model to analyse the source of emissions in different components of agri-food value chains. We focus on Ireland, where emissions from agriculture comprise nearly 30% of national emissions and where there has been a major expansion and transformation in agriculture since the abolition of milk quota restrictions. In a substantial Annex to this paper, we describe the modelling assumptions made in developing this model. Breaking up the value chain into components, we find that most value is generated at the processing stage of the value chain, with greater processing value in more sophisticated value chains such as dairy processing. On the other hand, emissions are in general highest in primary production, albeit emissions from purchased animal feed being higher for poultry than for other value chains, given the lower direct emissions from poultry than from ruminants or sheep. The analysis highlights that emissions per unit of output are much higher for beef and sheep meat value chains than for pig and poultry meat value chains. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2018–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iefi18:276856&r=env |
| By: | Sandrine Brèteau-Amores; Marielle Brunette; Hendrik Davi |
| Abstract: | Drought is a source of stress affecting forest growth and resulting in financial losses for forest owners and amenity losses for society. Due to climate change, such natural event will be more frequent and intense in the future. In this context, the objective of the paper is to compare, from an economic perspective, different forest adaptation strategies towards drought-induced risk of decline. For that purpose, we focus on a case study of a forest of beech in Burgundy (France) and, we studied several adaptation options: density reduction, reduction of the rotation length and substitution by Douglas-fir. We also considered two levels of drought risk (intermediate and low soil water capacity) and two climatic scenarii from IPCC (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). We combine a process-based forest-growth simulator (CASTANEA) with a traditional forest economics approach. The results showed that adaptation provided the best economic return in most of the scenario considered. Combining strategies appears as a relevant way to adapt forest towards a drought-induced risk of forest decline. The interest to consider two disciplinary fields was also demonstrated with beneficial scenarii in an ecological perspective that were not in an economic one and reversely. |
| Keywords: | forest, drought, adaptation, climate change, economics, risk, carbon, CASTANEA. |
| JEL: | D81 Q23 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2018-38&r=env |
| By: | Stefano BOSI; David DESMARCHELIER |
| Abstract: | In ecology, one of the simplest representation of population dynamics is the logistic equation. This basic view can be enriched by considering two important variables : (1) the maximal population density Nature cansupport (carrying capacity) and (2) the critical density threshold under which the population disappear (Allee effect). The economic literature on biodiversity and renewable resources ignores both these variables. Evidence suggests also that these variables are affected by the pollution leveldue to economic activity. Indeed, a degraded environment is unsuitablefor wildlife and reduces the carrying capacity, while the climate change entails the habitat fragmentation and, lowering the wildlife reproduction possibilities, raises the Allee effect. The present paper aims to incorporate both endogenous carrying capacity and Allee effect in a Ramsey model augmented with biodiversity as a renewable resource. Our extendedframework enables us to study the effect of a Pigouvian tax on anthropogenic mass extinction. We find that, when the household overvalues biodiversity with respect to consumption, a higher green-tax rate is beneficial in three respects entailing: (1) a lower pollution and a higher biodiversity, (2) a welfare improvement and (3) a less likely mass extinction. |
| Keywords: | Allea effect, carrying capacity, pollution, Ramsey model, logistic dynamics, Hopf bifurcation. |
| JEL: | E32 O44 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2018-37&r=env |
| By: | Simplice Asongu (Yaoundé/Cameroun); Jacinta C. Nwachukwu (Preston,United Kingdom); Chris Pyke (Preston,United Kingdom) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how information and communication technology (ICT) could be employed to dampen the potentially damaging effects of environmental degradation in order to promote inclusive human development in a panel of 44 Sub-Saharan African countries. ICT is captured with internet and mobile phone penetration rates whereas environmental degradation is measured in terms of CO2 emissions per capita and CO2 intensity. The empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects and Tobit regressions using data from 2000-2012. In order to increase the policy relevance of this study, the dataset is decomposed into fundamental characteristics of inclusive development and environmental degradation based on income levels (Low income versus (vs.) Middle income); legal origins (English Common law vs. French Civil law); religious domination (Christianity vs. Islam); openness to sea (Landlocked vs. Coastal); resource-wealth (Oil-rich vs. Oil-poor) and political stability (Stable vs. Unstable). Baseline findings broadly show that improvement in both of measures of ICT would significantly diminish the possibly harmful effect of CO2 emissions on inclusive human development. When the analysis is extended with the abovementioned fundamental characteristics, we observe that the moderating influence of both our ICT variables on CO2 emissions is higher in the group of English Common law, Middle income and Oil-wealthy countries than in the French Civil law, Low income countries and Oil-poor countries respectively. Theoretical and practical policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; ICT; Economic development; Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:agd:wpaper:18/037&r=env |
| By: | Deschenes, Olivier (University of California, Santa Barbara); Meng, Kyle C. (University of California, Santa Barbara) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the application of quasi-experimental methods in environmental economics. We begin with two observations: i) standard quasi-experimental methods, first applied in other microeconomic fields, typically assume unit-level treatments that do not spill over across units; (ii) because public goods, such as environmental attributes, exhibit externalities, treatment of one unit often affects other units. To explore the implications of applying standard quasi-experimental methods to public good problems, we extend the potential outcomes framework to explicitly distinguish between unit-level source and the resulting group-level exposure of a public good. This new framework serves as a foundation for reviewing and interpreting key papers from the recent empirical literature. We formally demonstrate that two common quasi-experimental estimators of the marginal social benefit of a public good can be biased due to externality spillovers, even when the source of the public good itself is quasi-randomly assigned. We propose an unbiased estimator for the valuation of local public goods and discuss how it can be implemented in future studies. Finally, we consider how to preserve the advantages of the quasi-experimental approach when valuing global public goods, such as climate change mitigation, for which no control units are available. |
| Keywords: | quasi-experimental methods, environmental economics, externalities |
| JEL: | C21 H23 H41 Q50 Q51 Q52 Q53 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11797&r=env |
| By: | Nicolas Fuchshofen; Johannes Klement; Wiltrud Terlau |
| Abstract: | The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach is the most important tool in the evaluation of environmental (sustainability) impacts of products and processes. We used the method to conduct an impact analysis with regard to raw material inputs (pulp) for the German paper production industry. In our analysis, we compare the environmental effects of primary sulphate pulp, scrap paper pulp and grass-based pulp and estimate their impacts in the impact categories “greenhouse gas emissions”, “eutrophication” as well as “energy and water consumption”. Furthermore, we discuss the opportunities of the methodical approach and some general problems and limits of the application of a LCA. In conclusion, we found environmental advantages for the use of grass as an alternative resource in the German paper production industry, especially in the fields of transport and water consumption. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2018–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iefi18:276860&r=env |
| By: | Pavel, Tanvir; Hasan, Syed; Halim, Nafisa; Mozumder, Pallab |
| Abstract: | We analyse internal migration triggered by natural disasters in Bangladesh. We conducted a survey in nine coastal districts and two major cities in Bangladesh to investigate whether floods and cyclones, which can be considered as transient shocks, affect interregional migration differently compared to riverbank erosion that causes loss of lands and thus generates shocks that are permanent in nature. Our findings suggest that transient shocks induce households to move to nearby cities while permanent shocks push people to big cities with more opportunities. Comparing income and expenditure of migrants and non-migrant households, we find that the former group is better-off relative to their counterpart, indicating that welfare can be improved by facilitating migration. Rising exposure to climate change induced natural disasters around the world imply that our findings will be increasingly relevant for designing policies to address vulnerability, particularly for disaster prone countries with weak social safety nets. |
| Keywords: | Climate change,Natural disaster,Coastal area,Permanent shock,Transient shocks,Internal migration |
| JEL: | I38 Q54 Q56 R23 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:255&r=env |
| By: | Tanvir Pavel (Department of Economics, Florida International University); Syed Hasan (School of Economics and Finance, Massey University, New Zealand); Naï¬ sa Halim (Department of Global Health, Boston University); Pallab Mozumder (Department of Earth and Environment and Department of Economics, Florida International University) |
| Abstract: | We analyse internal migration triggered by natural disasters in Bangladesh. We conducted a survey in nine coastal districts and two major cities in Bangladesh to investigate whether floods and cyclones, which can be considered as transient shocks, affect interregional migration differently compared to riverbank erosion that causes loss of lands and thus generates shocks that are permanent in nature. Our ï¬ ndings suggest that transient shocks induce households to move to nearby cities while permanent shocks push people to big cities with more opportunities. Comparing income and expenditure of migrants and non-migrant households, we ï¬ nd that the former group is better-off relative to their counterpart, indicating that welfare can be improved by facilitating migration. Rising exposure to climate change induced natural disasters around the world imply that our ï¬ ndings will be increasingly relevant for designing policies to address vulnerability, particularly for disaster prone countries with weak social safety nets. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Natural disaster, Coastal area, Permanent shock, Transient shocks, Internal migration |
| JEL: | I38 Q54 Q56 R23 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fiu:wpaper:1806&r=env |
| By: | Igor Makarov (National Research University Higher School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the patterns of CO2 emissions for a sample of 144 countries in 1992–2013. The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis was tested with the help of econometric analysis for both production- and consumption-based emissions. The relationship between incomes and emissions was also examined for leading national economies. The results show an important distinction: while there is some evidence of decoupling between economic growth and the growth of production-based emissions at a higher level of income, consumption-based emissions continue to grow with rising incomes even in the richest countries. There is further investigation of the discrepancies between production and consumption EKCs, which are determined by emissions embodied in international trade. A structural decomposition analysis (SDA) was applied to define the contribution of different factors to the change in emissions embodied in trade with the rise of GDP per capita. While structural and technological factors explain most of this change at low and middle levels of income, the effect of the volume of trade plays the key role in the evolution of emissions embodied in trade in high-income countries |
| Keywords: | environmental Kuznets curve, greenhouse gas emissions, international trade, consumption-based emissions, structural decomposition analysis |
| JEL: | Q54 F18 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hig:wpaper:199/ec/2018&r=env |
| By: | Sieber, Niklas; Doll, Claus; Van Hassel, Edwin; Köhler, Jonathan; Vaneslander, Thierry |
| Abstract: | This publication is one of nine working papers compiled within the study "Low Carbon Rail Freight Corridors for Europe" (LowCarb-RFC). The LowCarb-RFC study concentrates on ways for de-carbonising long-distance freight transport along major European corridors as this sector is among the most stead-ily growing sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, and which is most difficult to address by renewable energies and other standard climate mitigation measures in transport. This paper starts by elaborating an appropriate impacts assessment scheme, which is then applied to the transport model results for the LowCarb-RFC scenarios Pro Rail and Pro Road. [...] |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fisisi:s172018&r=env |
| By: | Gabriel Bachner (University of Graz, Austria); Birgit Bednar-Friedl (University of Graz, Austria); Nina Knittel (University of Graz, Austria) |
| Abstract: | Public adaptation to climate change affects government budgets directly on the expenditure side, but budgets are also indirectly affected via a change in the tax base and a diversion of government consumption. While these indirect effects have been analyzed intensively for mitigation policies, a similarly detailed model-based analysis for adaptation policy is still missing. The present paper addresses this gap for the case of Austria in 2050 by (i) developing an adaptation expenditure pathway starting from current adaptation-relevant expenditures on programs and measures; (ii) analyzing the macroeconomic consequences thereof in a computable general equilibrium model; and (iii) assessing both direct and indirect effects on government revenues and expenditures. We find that public adaptation can lead to substantial positive macroeconomic effects on gross domestic product, welfare, and employment and that this effect is robust with respect to different assumptions on the effectiveness of adaptation measures. Despite the additional direct public expenses for adaptation, the overall government revenues, and therefore the budget balance, increase (relative to a climate change impact scenario without adaptation). These higher revenues trace back to reduced tax losses from less severe climate change impacts as well as higher labor tax revenues since soft and green adaptation measures stimulate employment. On the expenditure side, less expenditures on disaster relief and unemployment benefits enable increasing government consumption in other areas like health and education. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Public adaptation; Indirect effects; Public budgets; computable general equilibrium |
| JEL: | Q54 H61 C68 |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:grz:wpaper:2018-17&r=env |
| By: | Sulewski, Piotr; Kłoczko-Gajewska, Anna |
| Abstract: | This methodical paper discusses the procedure for developing the farm sustainability index using data from surveys and accountancy data collected in the FADN system database. The research covered a total of 600 farms selected similarly to the selection method used in FADN (taking into account the economic size, production type and region). The structure of the sustainability index of farms uses variables characterizing the environmental, economic and social dimension of sustainability. In total, over 100 output parameters classified in 7 partial indices were used in the assessment of sustainability. The resultant distribution of individual partial indices and dimensions of sustainability indicates the diversity of the studied population in terms of considered parameters. At the same time, it was found that aggregation leads to the dominance of values close to the middle of the range of considered indices. The applied methodology allows to assess the sustainability of individual farms and their classification into groups of entities diversified by the degree of compliance with the principles of sustainable agriculture. The ability to measure and assess the sustainability of farms can be considered as the first step in the process of creating effective agricultural development support policies. The paper provides an opinion in the long-lasting discussion on the operationalization of the concept of sustainable development and ways to measure the degree of compliance of economic operators’ actions with the paradigm in question. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:276476&r=env |
| By: | Sebastian Wehrle; Johannes Schmidt |
| Abstract: | Low CO2 prices have prompted discussion about political measures aimed at increasing the cost of carbon dioxide emissions. These costs affect, inter alia, integrated district heating system operators (DHSO), often owned by municipalities with some political influence, that use a variety of (CO2 emis- sion intense) heat generation technologies. We examine whether DHSOs have an incentive to support measures that increase CO2 emission prices in the short term. Therefore, we (i) develop a simplified analytical framework to analyse optimal decisions of a district heating operator, and (ii) investigate the market-wide effects of increasing emission prices, in particular the pass- through from emission costs to electricity prices. Using a numerical model of the common Austrian and German power system, we estimate a pass-through from CO2 emission prices to power prices between 0.69 and 0.53 as of 2017, depending on the absolute emission price level. We find the CO2 emission cost pass-through to be sufficiently high so that low-emission district heating systems operating at least moderately efficient generation units benefit from rising CO2 emission prices in the short term. |
| Date: | 2018–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1810.02109&r=env |
| By: | Lutz Philip Hecker; Frank Wätzold; Gunther Markwardt |
| Abstract: | The objective of this paper is to analyze whether successful environmental policies spread across geographical space. We examine the existence of such environmental spatial policy spillovers using the example of wastewater treatment in Mexican municipalities. Untreated wastewater is a key pollution source in many developing and emerging countries, also in Mexico. However, wastewater treatment levels also differ greatly among the 2,456 Mexican municipalities. We apply spatial econometrics to explain differences in wastewater treatment. Our main finding is that a municipal administration is more likely to treat wastewater if neighboring municipalities do so. This insight seems of broader relevance to environmental policy-making. In developing and emerging countries, governments frequently lack capacities to solve environmental problems. Consequently, they may often rely on learning spillovers from nearby success cases. We recommend to implement environmental pilot projects which may then trigger domino effects. |
| Keywords: | spatial policy spillover, wastewater treatment, spatial econometrics, Mexico, social factors |
| JEL: | Q01 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7251&r=env |
| By: | Sadowski, Arkadiusz |
| Abstract: | The aim of the study is to identify the different impacts of the economy and agriculture on the environment in the different countries in natural, historical, political and economic terms. Two countries were chosen as an example – the USA and China, and one group of countries – the European Union. The research used data from Faostat and the World Bank. It also used the author’s method of estimation of agricultural production, defined as the amount of energy expressed in kilocalories. Research showed that highly developed economies are highly polutogenic, but, on the other hand, they are effective, which means that the production of GDP entails relatively little pollution. In the case of agriculture, it was stated that productivity is determined primarily by demographic factors, mainly the density of population. It means that despite the differences in the level of development, the productivity of land is relatively high in China and the EU and lower in the USA. Basing on the analyses, a number of development dilemmas were pointed out, highlighting the social importance of multi-faceted security generated by the developed economy. At the same time, environmental threats were also identified. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iafepa:276376&r=env |
| By: | Pena-Levano, Luis M.; Taheripour, Farzad; Tyner, Wallace E. |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274406&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Luoye; Khanna, Madhu |
| Keywords: | Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation, Natural Resource Economics, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:273997&r=env |
| By: | Bruno, Ellen; Jessoe, Katrina K. |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274430&r=env |
| By: | Bareille, Francois; Gohin, Alexandre |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, International Trade |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274326&r=env |
| By: | David Anthony Collins |
| Abstract: | PurposeThrough the use of existing literature and desk research from academia and practice, this paper will outline the degree to which there is a difference between the terms ‘Green Leasing’ and ‘Green Leases’ in academic and practice. Over the past decade, Green Leases have become an increasing recognised and applied method by which to improve the sustainability of building stock. However, a lack of research into the differences in the terms ‘leasing’ and ‘leases’ has the potential to stifle a consistent use of terms. This paper endeavours to better establish this difference in order provide credibility in the usage of both terms.MethodologyThe data for this paper was accumulated through sourcing academic literature (mainly from academic peer reviewed journals) where Green Leasing and Green Leases are of a primary or substantial focus. The paper will establish how each paper uses each term contextually. Practice based literature will be sourced and analyse similarly in order to establish better definitions of Green Leases and Green Leasing.Key findingsThis paper establishes that (with some noted exceptions), that the terms Green Leases and Green Leases are used in both forms of literature in a manner that is relatively close to the dictionary definition terms of ‘Lease’ and ‘Leasing’. With these findings in mind, it is established that a Green Lease is the lease document itself, whilst Green Leasing is the process of renting and operating a rented sustainable building that may or may not have a Green Lease.Impact of StudyThis study has the potential to impact terminological uses of both terms in order to provide consistence that will benefit both market penetration and academic research and dissemination. This study is also applicable outside the field of real estate, as it also has a relevant to the study and practice of law, CSR, architecture and the study of the built environment more broadly. |
| Keywords: | Facilities Management; Green Leases; Green leasing; Office Buildings; Sustainable Corporate Real Estate |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2018_121&r=env |
| By: | Lindsay, Karen; Popp, Michael; Ashworth, Amanda; Owens, Phillip |
| Abstract: | The Tractor Guidance Analysis Model (TGA) was developed to assist small-scale crop and livestock producers, consultants, and extension personnel with analyzing the adoption of auto-steer tractor guidance to improve yields, reduce input use, extend workdays, and thereby enhance the efficiency of machinery and tractor operators. Using the Microsoft Excel® software platform, TGA utilizes default efficiency gain measurements observed at the USDA ARS Booneville Small Farm Research center and/or existing literature to provide a decision-support tool that performs partial budgeting and breakeven analyses for user-specified farm operations. For example, is the decision to invest in less accurate technology at a lower cost more economical than expensive technology with better accuracy? How sensitive are feasibility results to purported efficiency gains when field attributes such as slope and field shape irregularity change? At what level of annual use will the technology pay off with changeable equipment when growing different field crops, managing weeds on, and/or establishing pasture? This automated decision-support software provides user flexibility for operation-specific details and tracks technology-driven changes in fertilizer, fuel, seed, labor, and chemical inputs to both estimate the profitability of tractor guidance investment, the breakeven annual use needed to make the investment feasible, and the potential environmental impact. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2018–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266572&r=env |
| By: | Kabir, Kayenat; Hertel, Thomas W.; Baldos, Uris Lantz C. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Research Methods/Econometrics/Stats, International Development |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274345&r=env |
| By: | Yu, Jina; Wu, Felicia; Hennessy, David A. |
| Keywords: | Food Safety and Nutrition, Ag Finance and Farm Management, Productivity Analysis and Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:273914&r=env |
| By: | Ortiz-Bobea, Ariel; Tack, Jesse B. |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis and Emerging Technologies, Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation, Research Methods/Econometrics/Stats |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274380&r=env |
| By: | Christopher J. Blackburn; Mallory E. Flowers; Daniel C. Matisoff; Juan Moreno-Cruz |
| Abstract: | Pilot and demonstration (P&D) projects are commonly deployed to catalyze early adoption of technology, but are poorly understood in terms of mechanism and impact. We conceptually distinguish unique functions of pilots and demonstrations, then examine whether they accelerate green building adoption. To identify effects of P&Ds on adoption, we develop a difference-in-difference-in-differences strategy, exploiting variation in location, technologies, and timing of P&D projects. Results indicate a 12% increase in adoption rates within markets affected by P&D projects. Further analyses examine mechanisms driving this effect. Subsequent results suggest green building demonstration projects create learning externalities, proliferating technology diffusion under certain conditions. |
| Keywords: | information spillovers, peer effects, social learning, pilot and demonstration projects, technology adoption, diffusion, policy evaluation, green building |
| JEL: | O33 Q55 D83 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7252&r=env |
| By: | Ray, Mukesh K.; Maredia, Mywish K. |
| Keywords: | Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis, International Development, Productivity Analysis and Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:273873&r=env |
| By: | Asongu, Simplice |
| Abstract: | Sustainable development within the investigated context includes the ability of African countries to meet the present economic, social and environmental needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. A challenging contemporary policy syndrome is the lack of funding for adequate capacities and structures essential for the realisation of the post-2015 development agenda. This introductory chapter provides highlights on all chapters covered by the book in the direction of addressing the underlying policy syndrome. |
| Keywords: | finance; sustainable development; Africa |
| JEL: | B1 B20 F35 F50 O10 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:89128&r=env |
| By: | Ruan, Jianqing; Zhang, Huayan; Chen, Shuai |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty, Rural/Community Development, Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274472&r=env |
| By: | Simnitt, Skyler; Sweeney Tookes, Jennifer; Larking Sherry; Bennett-Martin, Paulita; Harris, Holden; Mioulis, Natalie; Groenevelt, Katherine; Rudd, Muray; Page, Michael; Boss, Jason; Yandle, Tracy |
| Abstract: | Invasive lionfish are destroying Florida’s reefs and despite stakeholders’ best efforts, they have made little progress slowing down the destruction. For nearly a decade researchers and policy makers have encouraged the consumption of lionfish meat as an economically sustainable means of curtailing the fish’s proliferation, yet there is little research assessing the economic feasibility of a new market for lionfish meat. Using survey data collected in the United States Virgin Islands (USVI), researchers estimate consumers’ mean willingness to pay (WTP) using the Turnbull method, additionally they observe how individual preferences and characteristics effect consumer WTP usig a double bounded contingent valuation logit regression. Findings suggest that both locals and tourists are willing to purchase lionfish at prices within the range of other white fish entrées at restaurants in the USVI. These findings provide valuable insight on the demand side of a potential market in the USVI, and are a critical step in assessing the viability of establishing a commercial fishery targeting lionfish in the territory and surrounding region. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2018–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266561&r=env |
| By: | Scheitrum, Dan; Parker, Nathan C. |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274453&r=env |
| By: | Henson, Chloe'; Collart, Alba J.; Interis, Matthew; Maples, Joshua G. |
| Abstract: | In recent years, food waste has become an increasingly discussed topic in both developed and developing countries. In developed countries, approximately 222 million tons of food is wasted at the consumer level per year (FAO, 2011). These amounts of food waste have large social, economic, and environmental impacts. Studies have shown that one of the main causes of food waste in developed countries is consumer preferences toward food appearances. In fresh fruit and produce, consumers have elevated expectations for appearances and will reject those that are blemished. In this study, we estimate consumer willingness to pay for sweet potatoes with five different skinning injury levels in a Vickrey 2nd price non- hypothetical auction. Our experimental controls include treatments designed to test whether consumer knowledge (1) about the relationship between blemished produce and food waste and (2) about the environmental impacts of food waste influence willingness to pay for blemished produce. We find that consumer bids increased after gaining knowledge about food waste and its environmental implications. This study has implications for governmental agencies as they further research methods and opportunities to mitigate food waste at various sources of the supply chain system, most specifically, at the consumer and farmer levels. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2018–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266556&r=env |
| By: | Yektansani, Kiana; Espinola-Arredondo, Ana |
| Keywords: | Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation, Industrial Org./Supply Chain Management, Behavioral & Institutional Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274000&r=env |
| By: | Balana, Bedru; Bizimana, Jean-Claude; Richardson, James W.; Lefore, Nicole; Adimassu, Zenebe; Herbst, Brian K. |
| Abstract: | Small-scale irrigation (SSI) technologies can be a useful tool not only to increase crop productivity and income but also to mitigate against climate variability in Ghana given the recent frequent dry spells. Profitability and economic feasibility of investing in the SSI technologies are analysed using a farm simulation model (FARMSIM) and based on farm-plot level data on selected SSI technologies piloted in northern Ghana under the Innovation Lab for Small Scale Irrigation (ILSSI). The aim is to identify profitable and economically feasible sets of ‘crop type–SSI technology’ combinations that would prove viable in “real world” farm conditions. Four dry season irrigated cash crop (corchorus, onion, and amaranths) grown under four SSI technologies (pump-tank-hose, watering can, and rain/roof water harvesting and drip irrigation) were considered. Results showed that rainwater-harvesting using poly tank storage and a drip system is not economically feasible at the current yield level and market prices of irrigated cash crops in northern Ghana. SSI technology options using river water or shallow wells with motorized pumps or watering cans were profitable. The watering can is relatively more profitable than motorized pumps because of fuel and upfront investment costs in pumps. However, affordable credit schemes could mitigate the cost constraint to afford motor pumps and enable smallholders to participate in market-oriented production. |
| Date: | 2018–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266558&r=env |
| By: | Willett, Keith D.; Ghosh, Sanchari |
| Keywords: | Natural Resource Economics, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274287&r=env |
| By: | Oumer, Ali M.; Burton, Michael |
| Keywords: | Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics, Rural/Community Development |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:273871&r=env |
| By: | Singerman, Ariel; Useche, Pilar |
| Keywords: | Experimental Economics, Behavioral & Institutional Economics, Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274039&r=env |
| By: | Gao, Zhifeng; Fang, Yingkai |
| Keywords: | Food and Agricultural Marketing, Agribusiness Economics and Management, Natural Resource Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:273827&r=env |
| By: | Hermann Lebherz; Annelie Stumpp |
| Abstract: | A case study shows, that a BREEAM.de certified building is consuming only 28.5 kWh (sqm x a) primary energy, than a state of the art green high tech Passivhaus in Frankfurt Germany with 37 kWh (sqm a).A former German railway headquarter building in the North of Germany, Muenster, has been revitalized with a completely new building services structure to subdivide a former single tenant building in a multi-tenant building with multiple 400 sqm units. All mechanical and electrical services have been replaced and newly laid out, while the building of approx. 32.000 sqm was in full use.Newly implemented district heating ducts with electronically adjustable heating pumps, metered new radiators with individually adjustable thermostat valves led to energy savings.Together with new window frames with special gas filled glass panes led to an energy consumption which is below the primary energy consumption the politically promoted green Passivhaus system.Yet a state of the green art Passivhaus residential building in Frankfurt with 300 mm insulating walls and 800 mm insulating materials on the roof, with triple glazing windows and compulsory ventilation units with highly efficient energy recuperation of 82 % showed a primary energy consumption of 37 kWh (sqm a).The comparative case study will highlight some important facts that green energy does not start with the building technology, but with the technology of areal heating with the local power plant. The paper can get read on Friday or Saturday, since authors in private practice. |
| Keywords: | Breeam; Comparative Study; green areal heating power plant; Green Building; Passivhaus |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2018_70&r=env |
| By: | Torres, Ariana; Behe, Bridget; Barton, Susan |
| Keywords: | Food and Agricultural Marketing, Agribusiness Economics and Management, Research Methods/Econometrics/Stats |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274051&r=env |
| By: | Khanna, Madhu; Wang, Weiwei; Wang, Michael |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274450&r=env |
| By: | Yun, Seong Do; Gramig, Benjamin M. |
| Abstract: | Due to the recent popularity of raster imagery data (high resolution grid cell data), the demand for weather, soil/land and related data for research and applied decision support is increasing rapidly. Agro-Climatic Data by County (ACDC) is designed to provide the most widely-used variables extracted from the most popular high resolution gridded data sources to end users of agro-climatic variables who may not be equipped to process large geospatial datasets from multiple publicly available sources that are provided in different data formats and spatial scales. Annual county level crop yield data in USDA NASS for 1981-2015 are provided for corn, soybeans, upland cotton and winter wheat yields, and customizable growing degree days (GDDs) and cumulative precipitation for two groups of months (March-August and April-October) to capture different growing season periods for the crops from the PRISM weather data. Soil characteristic data in gSSURGO are also included for each county in the data set. All weather and soil data are processed based using NLCD land cover/land use data to exclude data for land that is not being used for non-forestry agricultural uses. This paper explains the numerical and geocomputational methods and data generating processes employed in ACDC. |
| Keywords: | Production Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–01–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266575&r=env |
| By: | Sun, Shaoyan; An, Henry; Marcoul, Philippe Andre |
| Keywords: | Food and Agricultural Marketing, Industrial Org./Supply Chain Management, Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:273820&r=env |
| By: | Asher, Sam; Garg, Teevrat; Novosad, Paul |
| Keywords: | International Development, Natural Resource Economics, Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274246&r=env |
| By: | Chakravarty, Shourish; Mullally, Conner |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, International Development, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266696&r=env |
| By: | Pascale Phelinas (CESSMA UMRD 245 - Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7); Johanna Choumert (EDI - Economic Development Initiatives - Economic Development Initiatives [EDI]) |
| Date: | 2018–09–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:ird-01875358&r=env |
| By: | Xie, Yang; Zilberman, David |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274445&r=env |
| By: | Chyi Lin Lee; Hanlu Fan; QingLiang Tang; Peddy PiYing Lai |
| Abstract: | An increasing number of mainstream finance and accounting studies have been devoted to assess the linkage between carbon emissions and firms’ value. However, a majority of these studies focus on direct carbon-intensive firms or firms from all sectors. No empirical study has examined the impact of carbon disclosure on the performance of real estate sector, which is an indirect carbon-intensive sector. This study aims to fill this gap by examining whether there is a carbon-efficiency premium for real estate companies. Specifically, the linkages between the level of carbon emissions and financial return of international real estate companies are scrutinized. The dataset of Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) over 2010-2015 was utilised. The results assert that an enhanced financial return is associated with a lower level of carbon emissions, reflecting that there is a carbon-efficiency premium. Further we also found some empirical evidence to support the notion of asymmetric market valuation of carbon emissions. Specifically, market participants only price direct carbon emissions, whilst no comparable is found for indirect carbon emissions. The practical implications of the findings are also discussed. |
| Keywords: | asymmetric market valuation; Carbon Disclosure Project; direct carbon emissions; indirect carbon emissions; international real estate companies |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2018_310&r=env |
| By: | Soliman, Tarek; Djanibekov, Utkur |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis and Emerging Technologies, Production Economics, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274374&r=env |
| By: | Deutz, Allen; Kolady, Deepthi |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266704&r=env |
| By: | Garnache, Cloe; Lupi, Frank |
| Keywords: | Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274028&r=env |
| By: | Silva, Felipe; Murguia, Juan M.; Ferreira, Wanderley |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274438&r=env |
| By: | Jones, Michael S.; Brown, Zachary S. |
| Keywords: | Food and Agricultural Marketing, Demand and Price Analysis, Productivity Analysis and Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274071&r=env |
| By: | Al Abri, Ibtisam; Grogan, Kelly |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:saea18:266710&r=env |
| By: | Nemati, Mehdi; Penn, Jerrod |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Behavioral & Institutional Economics, Experimental Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274431&r=env |
| By: | Fanny Romestant (Groupe Sup de Co La Rochelle) |
| Abstract: | This work questions the very purpose of marketing, focused on "customer value" to propose, in line with the work of Deshayes and Lecoeuvre-Soudain (2011) in industrial marketing and projects marketing, the concept of "social value". In the sustainable development mining, this involves to discuss the link between primary stakeholders (client, prime contracting support, companies) and other stakeholders (NGOs, neighborhood, etc.). This research was born through a project with an industrial company in the transport sector, initiating a CSR process. Following an exploratory study focused on the company's clients (depth analysis of tender documents, interviews with key actors of the buying process), and through collaboration with company officials (business developer), it became insufficient to limit our analyses to the cus-tomer's expectations, to understand the issues of a project. The aim of this paper is of theoretical nature. It is about developing an understanding framework to take stakeholders into account in industrial project marketing. This framework suggests that stakeholders can be designed from the perspective of "continuity" or as an "alternative" in project marketing. The objectives of this paper are threefold. Firstly, to put the notion of stakeholders as a specific issue in the business marketing, secondly to propose a new way to understand the concept of stakeholders and finally to show how the stakeholders can change the industrial project. The issue focuses on the construction dynamics of sustainability in industrial projects, seen as a new challenge for business marketing (industrial project marketing). |
| Abstract: | L'écoute des parties prenantes dans une optique de développement durable : continuité ou alternative pour le marketing de projets industriels ? Cette contribution questionne l'objectif même du marketing centré sur la « valeur client » pour proposer, dans la lignée des travaux de Deshayes et Lecoeuvre-Soudain (2011) en marketing industriel et marketing de projets, la notion de « valeur sociétale ». Dans le cadre du développement durable, cela implique de traiter du lien entre acteurs primaires (client, maîtrise d'oeuvre, entreprises) et les autres parties prenantes (ONG, riverains, etc.). Cette recherche est née d'un projet avec une entreprise du secteur industriel des transports, initiant une démarche de développement durable. À travers une étude centrée sur les clients de l'entreprise (analyse d'appels d'offres, entretiens avec des acteurs clés du processus d'achat), il est apparu insuffisant de se limiter à leurs attentes exprimées pour comprendre les enjeux d'un projet. L'enjeu de cet article est de nature théorique ; il s'agit de proposer une grille de lecture des différentes perspectives pour la prise en compte des parties prenantes en marketing de projets industriels. Cette grille de lecture suggère que les parties prenantes peuvent être conçues dans une perspective de «continuité» ou comme une « alternative » aux méthodes en marketing de projets. Les objectifs de notre article sont d'une part de poser la notion de parties prenantes comme un enjeu spécifique du marketing d'af-faires, d'autre part de proposer une nouvelle manière de lire la notion de parties prenantes et enfin de montrer en quoi les parties prenantes changent le projet industriel. La problématique porte sur la dynamique de construction du développement durable dans les projets industriels appréhendée comme un nouvel enjeu pour le marketing d'affaires (marketing de projets industriels). |
| Keywords: | stakeholders,industrial project marketing,CSR,Parties prenantes,marketing,RSE |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01867786&r=env |
| By: | Li, Zhi; Zhang, Xin; Xu, Wenchao |
| Keywords: | Experimental Economics, Natural Resource Economics, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274048&r=env |
| By: | Nogueira Meirelles De Souza, Mateus; Myers, Erica |
| Keywords: | Behavioral & Institutional Economics, Experimental Economics, Natural Resource Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274130&r=env |
| By: | Malone, Trey; Melstrom, Richard T. |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics, Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274404&r=env |
| By: | Tian, Qi; Zhao, Jinhua |
| Keywords: | Environmental and Nonmarket Valuation, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274016&r=env |
| By: | Chen, Zhangliang; Dall'Erba, Sandy |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/Econometrics/Stats, Food and Agricultural Policy Analysis, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274398&r=env |
| By: | Cheptea, Angela; Laroche-Dupraz, Cathie |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis and Emerging Technologies, International Trade, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274386&r=env |
| By: | Al-Abri, Ibtisam H.; Grogan, Kelly A. |
| Keywords: | Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis, Natural Resource Economics, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274415&r=env |
| By: | Ye, Fanglin; Paulson, Nick; Khanna, Madhu |
| Keywords: | Industrial Org./Supply Chain Management, Risk and Uncertainty, Resource and Environmental Policy Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–06–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea18:274199&r=env |