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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Arouri, Mohamed El Hedi (EDHEC Business School); Ben Youssef, Adel (University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis); M'henni, Hatem (University of Manouba); Rault, Christophe (University of Orléans) |
| Abstract: | This article extends the recent findings of Liu (2005), Ang (2007), Apergis et al. (2009) and Payne (2010) by implementing recent bootstrap panel unit root tests and cointegration techniques to investigate the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and real GDP for 12 Middle East and North African Countries (MENA) over the period 1981–2005. Our results show that in the long-run energy consumption has a positive significant impact on CO2 emissions. More interestingly, we show that real GDP exhibits a quadratic relationship with CO2 emissions for the region as a whole. However, although the estimated long-run coefficients of income and its square satisfy the EKC hypothesis in most studied countries, the turning points are very low in some cases and very high in other cases, hence providing poor evidence in support of the EKC hypothesis. Thus, our findings suggest that not all MENA countries need to sacrifice economic growth to decrease their emission levels as they may achieve CO2 emissions reduction via energy conservation without negative long-run effects on economic growth. |
| Keywords: | growth, Environmental Kuznets Curve, energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions |
| JEL: | Q43 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp6412&r=env |
| By: | Sang In Kang; Jin-gyu Oh; Hongseok Kim |
| Abstract: | This paper examines Korea’s low-carbon green growth strategy with a focus on three pillars: regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industries; incentive mechanisms for businesses to develop green technologies and products; and public information tools to increase awareness and demand for green products. Korea’s transition to a low-carbon green growth path may provide a useful reference for many developing countries in a carbonconstrained global economy. The institutionalisation of a low-carbon green growth strategy supported by strong political leadership and elaborated implementation programmes is key to solving many socio-economic and environmental challenges posed by the traditional growth paradigm that is heavily dependent on the consumption of energy and natural resources, including fossil fuels. Efficient role sharing and co-operation among public and private stakeholders in the process of planning, budget preparation and implementation are major components of Korea’s low-carbon green growth strategy.<BR>Ce document analyse la stratégie de croissance verte à faible intensité de carbone de la Corée en examinant plus particulièrement trois éléments : les régulations pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de l’industrie ; les mécanismes d’incitation pour les entreprises à développer les technologies et les produits respectueux de l’environnement ; et les outils d’information publics pour sensibiliser l’opinion publique et accroître la demande de produits respectueux de l’environnement. Dans une économie mondiale sous contrainte carbone, la transition de la Corée vers une croissance verte à faible intensité de carbone peut servir de point de référence pour bon nombre de pays en développement. L’institutionnalisation de la stratégie de croissance verte à faible intensité de carbone bénéficiant d’un large soutien politique et soutenue par des programmes de mise en oeuvre détaillés est essentielle pour résoudre les défis socio-économiques et environnementaux que posent le paradigme classique de la croissance fortement énergivore et consommatrice de ressources naturelles, parmi lesquelles les énergies fossiles. Un partage efficace des rôles et une coopération suivie entre les acteurs publics et privés dans le processus de planification, de préparation du budget et de mise en oeuvre sont des composantes majeures de la stratégie de croissance verte à faible intensité de carbone de la Corée. |
| Keywords: | green technologies, green growth, low-carbon economy, green products, croissance verte, économie à faible intensité de carbone, produits respectueux de l’environnement, technologies respectueuses de l'environnement |
| JEL: | Q01 Q28 Q58 |
| Date: | 2012–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:devaaa:310-en&r=env |
| By: | Gregory Cook (Carbon Counts Ltd - {-]); Jean-Pierre Ponssard (Department of Economics, Ecole Polytechnique - CNRS : UMR7176 - Polytechnique - X) |
| Abstract: | The prospects for an international agreement within the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCCC) resulting in a common carbon price ‐ such as a global cap and trade scheme ‐ can for now only be seen as a long term goal. In the meantime, we have to work in a world of unilateral climate policies, eventually loosely coordinated among a limited number of countries. Two key considerations need be addressed in the design of these policies: equity for emerging countries, and competitiveness for carbon intensive internationally traded sectors. This context has generated a renewed interest in sectoral approaches. This paper provides a sound methodological framework to discuss equity and efficiency issues in sectoral approaches, makes a proposal that addresses these national requirements, and discusses some related implementation issues. The proposed approach combines basic components put forward by industry such as absolute caps for industrialized countries and intensity targets for emerging countries, BTA for those countries that do not adopt the sectoral approach, as well as reduced eligibility of these countries to benefit from the financial transfers collected through CO2 revenues in industrialized countries. The proposal is applied to the case of the cement industry. |
| Keywords: | carbon leakage; cement industry emissions; climate policy frameworks; leakage |
| Date: | 2012–03–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-00681313&r=env |
| By: | Iraj Ratnayake Author_Email: (Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka); Azilah Kasim (Universiti Utara Malaysia) |
| Keywords: | community tourism, community participation, participation readiness,environmental conservation, Sri Lanka |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-098-096&r=env |
| By: | Emilio Gutierrez (Centro de Investigacion Economica (CIE), Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM)); Kensuke Teshima (Centro de Investigacion Economica (CIE), Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM)) |
| Abstract: | We investigate the impact of international trade, in particular import competition, on the environment. We tackle this question from a new perspective, i.e., whether trade liberalization affects production plants' environmental performance by changing incentives of firms to undertake two types of investment: investment in the environment and in efficient energy use, and investment in technology in general. Identifying such effects empirically has been challenging. Not only is it unusual to obtain direct information on plants' environmental performance as well as plants' effort towards environmental protection; it is also difficult to find an exogenous source of variation in tariffs on goods produced by plants. We overcome these difficulties by constructing a unique combination of Mexican plant-level data and satellite imagery data, thus providing evidence of the effects of import competition on three direct measures: energy efficiency in terms of electricity use; investment at the plant level in efficient energy and the environment; and measures of pollution around plants' geographic location. We use tariff changes due to free trade agreements as shocks to import competition, which are arguably less endogenous than unilateral tariff reduction and have been shown to have no systematic correlation with initial plant-level characteristics. The key finding is that the reduction of tariffs on goods produced by Mexican plants induced them to increase efficiency in energy use, thus allowing them to reduce pollution and in turn also reduce direct investment in efficient energy and environmental protection. The results suggest that even when detailed data on environmental effort at the plant level are available, caution should be taken when trying to measure the effects of openness to trade on environmental performance, as trade is also likely to change the firms' incentive to invest in technology in general, which may indirectly be more environmentally friendly. |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cie:wpaper:1101&r=env |
| By: | Eva Camacho-Cuena (Department of Economics, Universitat Jaume I); Till Requate (Department of Economics, University of Kiel); Israel Waichman (Department of Economics, University of Heidelberg) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation on incentives to adopt advanced abatement technology under emissions trading. Our experimental design mimics an industry with small asymmetric polluting firms regulated by different schemes of tradable permits. We consider three allocation/auction policies: auctioning off (costly) permits through an ascending clock auction, grandfathering permits with re-allocation through a single-unit double auction, and grandfathering with reallocation through an ascending clock auction. Our results confirm both dynamic and static theoretical equivalence of auctioning and grandfathering. We nevertheless find that although the market institution used to reallocate permits does not impact the dynamic efficiency from investment, it affects the static efficiency from permit trading.Length: 39 pages |
| Keywords: | environmental policy; abatement technology; taxes; permit trading;auctions |
| JEL: | C92 D44 L51 Q28 Q55 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jau:wpaper:2012/07&r=env |
| By: | Kuriakose, Anne T.; Heltberg, Rasmus; Heltberg, Rasmus; Wiseman, William; Costella, Cecilia; Cipryk, Rachel; Cornelius, Sabine |
| Abstract: | In the years ahead, development efforts aiming at reducing vulnerability will increasingly have to factor in climate change, and social protection is no exception. This paper sets out the case for climate?responsive social protection and proposes a framework with principles, design features, and functions that would help Social Protection (SP) systems evolve in a climate?responsive direction. The principles comprise climate?aware planning; livelihood?based approaches that consider the full range of assets and institutions available to households and communities; and aiming for resilient communities by planning for the long term. Four design features that can help achieve this are: scalable and flexible programs that can increase coverage in response to climate disasters; climate?responsive targeting systems; investments in livelihoods that build community and household resilience; and promotion of better climate risk management. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change Economics,Safety Nets and Transfers,Science of Climate Change,Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases,Hazard Risk Management |
| Date: | 2012–03–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:hdnspu:67614&r=env |
| By: | Claassen, Roger |
| Abstract: | In recent years, direct payments—a type of farm commodity program payment—have made up a large share of Federal agriculture assistance that could be withheld from farmers who fail to comply with highly erodible land conservation (conservation compliance and sodbuster) or wetland conservation (swampbuster) provisions, known collectively as environmental compliance requirements. If direct payments are sharply reduced or eliminated to help reduce the Federal budget defi cit, compliance incentives would be reduced on many farms, potentially increasing environmental quality problems. Some farmers will still be subject to compliance through existing Federal agricultural programs(e.g., conservation or disaster programs) or programs that may succeed direct payments. Making federally subsidized crop insurance subject to compliance could also make up some of the lost incentive to farmers. |
| Keywords: | Direct payment, crop insurance, conservation compliance, sodbuster, swampbuster, Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:uersib:121803&r=env |
| By: | Cludius, Johanna; Beznoska, Martin; Steiner, Viktor |
| Abstract: | We calculate the expected distributional effects of the European Emissions Trading System combining industry and household-level data. By combining data on direct CO2 emissions by production sector from the German Environmental Account with the German Input-Output Accounts, we calculate the CO2 intensity of each sector covered by the EU ETS. We focus on the impact of price increases in the electricity sector, both directly in the form of higher electricity bills for consumers and indirectly through products that use electricity as an input to production. Distributional effects of price increases are analyzed on the basis of the German Income and Expenditure Survey for the year 2008 data and updated to 2013. We confirm the ex-ante expected regressive effect, which is, however, both rather small in magnitude and can be offset and even more than offset by revenue recycling, in particular the reduction of social security contributions on labour income. -- |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:fubsbe:20126&r=env |
| By: | Carraro, Carlo; De Cian, Enrica; Tavoni, Massimo |
| Abstract: | This paper looks at the interplay between human capital and innovation in the presence of climate and educational policies. Using recent empirical estimates, human capital and general purpose R&D are introduced in an integrated assessment model that has been extensively applied to study the climate change mitigation. Our results suggest that climate policy stimulates general purpose as well as clean energy R&D but reduces the incentive to invest in human capital formation. Human capital increases the productivity of labour and the complementarity between labour and energy drives its pollution-using effect (direct effect). When human capital is an essential input in the production of generic and energy dedicated knowledge, the crowding out induced by climate policy is mitigated, thought not completely offset (indirect effect). The pollution-using implications of the direct effect prevail over the indirect contribution of human capital to the creation of new and cleaner knowledge. A policy mix that combines educational as well as climate objectives offsets the human capital crowding-out with a moderate, short-term consumption loss. Human capital is complement to all forms of innovation and an educational policy stimulates both energy and general purpose innovation. This result has important policy implications considering the growing concern that effective climate policy is conditional on solid economic development and therefore it needs to be supplemented by other policy targets. |
| Keywords: | Climate Policy; Human Capital; Innovation; Sustainable Development |
| JEL: | O33 O41 Q43 |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:8919&r=env |
| By: | Gaigne, Carl; Riou, Stephane; Thisse, Jacques-Francois |
| Abstract: | There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that generates both a higher level of pollution and welfare losses. As cities become more compact, agglomeration occurs and, eventually, the secondary business centers vanish. By increasing the average commuting length, these changes in the size and structure of cities may be detrimental to both the ecological and welfare objectives even if intercity trade flows decrease. This means that compact is not always desirable, and thus an increasing-density policy should be supplemented with instruments that impact the intra- and inter-urban distributions of activities. We argue that a policy promoting the creation of secondary business centers can raise welfare and decrease emissions. |
| Keywords: | Greenhouse gas, commuting costs, transport costs, cities, Environmental Economics and Policy, D61, F12, Q54, Q58, R12, |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ulavwp:121692&r=env |
| By: | Gallagher, Paul W.; Richey, Jeremiah |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effect of a biomass crop introduction in a local market where field crops, cattle forage and biomass crops compete for the agricultural resources and determine land use. A simulation study for a State in the US (Minnesota) with extensive and diverse agricultural resources that could also support a biomass industry is reported. Local market impact on prices and land use is summarized. A local biofuel industry with 1.0 billion gallon capacity can transform declining local land values to stable or moderately increasing land values, partly because secular declines in cattle forage can be replaced with biofuel demands. The effects of greenhouse gas emissions and sinks are also estimated. The local agriculture sectors’ net greenhouse gas changes are converted from a net emission to a net sink position with a biofuels industry-we calculate an annual net improvement of 55 bil. Lbs CO2 –equivalent, due, in part, declining cattle emissions and favorable land use effects from expanding hay production. |
| Keywords: | land use; Land rent; livestock emissions; switchgrass; greenhouse gas (GHG) |
| Date: | 2012–03–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:isu:genres:35011&r=env |
| By: | Armsworth, Paul R.; Banerjee, Simanti; Hanley, Nick; Lennox, Gareth D. |
| Abstract: | Globally, much biodiversity is found on private land. Acting to conserve such biodiversity thus requires the design of policies which influence the decision-making of farmers and foresters. In this paper, we outline the economic characteristics of this problem, before reviewing a number of policy options such as conservation auctions and conservation easements. We then discuss a number of policy design problems, such as need for spatial coordination and the choice between paying for outcomes rather than actions, before summarizing what the evidence and theory developed to date tells us about those aspects of biodiversity policy design which need careful attention from policy makers and environmental regulators. |
| Keywords: | agglomeration bonus; conservation auctions; policy design; biodiversit y |
| Date: | 2012–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stl:stledp:2012-02&r=env |
| By: | Carole M. BILLIET; Thomas BLONDIAU; Sandra ROUSSEAU |
| Abstract: | We analyze judicial policy lines concerning criminal environmental sanctioning using a unique European dataset of individual criminal cases, including case-specific information on offenses and offenders. We investigate policy choices made by criminal judges in lower courts as well as the relevant court of appeal. The sanctioning policy of judges proofs to be varied as well as consistent. Judges decide to postpone convictions for cases they deem less important. They carefully balance effective and suspended sanctions, in general using them as substitutes, but in specific cases opting to use them cumulatively. Overall, judges in lower courts balance environmental and classic criminal law and aim at protecting individuals and their possessions as well as the environment. |
| Date: | 2011–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:ceswps:ces11.29&r=env |
| By: | Adriaan Perrels; Tarja Tuovinen |
| Abstract: | The study concerns an assessment of the effectiveness of car purchase tax differentiation according to the CO2-emission performance of newly sold cars as implemented in Finland. This policy instrument came into force as of 1 January 2008. The effectiveness of the instrument is assessed by means of decomposition of car sales by key features of cars and by estimation of impact relations between changes in the emission performance of newly sold cars and various explanatory variables, including the imputed tax differentiation based price differences |
| Keywords: | fuel efficiency, policy effectiveness, automobile tax reform, transport emissions |
| JEL: | Q48 H31 R48 H23 |
| Date: | 2012–03–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fer:resrep:168&r=env |
| By: | Bharati, Luna; Lacombe, Guillaume; Gurung, Pabitra; Jayakody, Priyantha; Hoanh, Chu Thai; Smakhtin, Vladimir (International Water Management Institute (IWMI)) |
| Keywords: | Water resources / River basins / Climate change / Hydrology / Simulation models / Precipitation / Evapotranspiration / Statistical methods / Water balance / Water yield / Irrigation water / India / Upper Ganges River |
| Date: | 2011 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:rerpts:h044532&r=env |
| By: | Ji, Chun-Yi; Yang, Hong-Qiang; Nie, Ying |
| Abstract: | As the largest log import country in the world, China undoubtedly faces a severe challenge from the reduction in global forest resources. Based on the fact that a flow of ecological elements embodied in the process of import can cause extra ecological stress to the source regions, the authors assessed the ecological effect of China’s log imports on the source countries’ forest sustainability. The ecological footprints embodied in China’s log imports from 1995 to 2010, and then introduce the model of ecological tension index to assess the ecological security status of the forests in major source countries. Results demonstrate that, overall, China’s import of log has posed no serious threat to world forests. Most of the source countries have safe forest ecological states due to their huge forest bio-capacity, although China’s log import has increased their forest ecological stress by more than 14%. While for some developed source countries, China has increased the ecological tension less than 1%. The risk of forests reduction was probably caused by its own resource consumption. |
| Keywords: | Log Imports; Ecological Footprint; Ecological Stress Transfer |
| JEL: | F18 F02 A14 |
| Date: | 2011–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:36943&r=env |
| By: | Syahaneem Mohamad Zainalabidin Author_Email: (Universiti Putra Malaysia); Shukri Mohamed (Universiti Putra Malaysia) |
| Keywords: | impact, forest certification, forest management |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-104-233&r=env |
| By: | Ridhima Gupta (Indian Statistical Institute, New Delhi; Institute of Economic Growth) |
| Abstract: | Biomass burning of agricultural field residue (stalks and stubble) during wheat and rice harvesting periods in the Indo-Gangetic plains has led to substantial emission of trace gases and particles. This paper seeks to address the regulation of emissions from open field burning of rice residue in Punjab, India by first uncovering the factors that explain on field residue burning of rice residue in Punjab. The results suggest that the use of a combine harvester was the single most important determinant of the decision to burn rice residue. The decision to use the combine harvester was in turn determined by the rice variety sown by a farmer. Rice residue are largely burnt, as machinery for planting into loose residue was hitherto unavailable. The recently developed Happy Seeder technology overcomes this problem. It is a tractor-mounted machine that can sow wheat into the rice residue left by the combine harvester thereby precluding its burning. I conclude that Happy Seeder is a low-cost alternative to open field burning of rice residue vis-a-vis conventional tillage. I also find no evidence of an increase or decrease in mean yield of wheat from incorporation of the residue with Happy Seeder compared to conventional tillage. These results have important implication for mitigation policies to reduce residue burning in this region. |
| Date: | 2011–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ind:isipdp:11-11&r=env |
| By: | Vincent Martinet |
| Abstract: | Biofuel policies (blend mandate or tax credit) have impacts on food and energy prices, and on land-use. The magnitude of these effects depends on the market response to price, and thus on the agricultural supply curve, which, in turn, depends on the land availability (quantity and agronomic quality). To understand these relationships, we develop a theoretical framework with an explicit representation of land heterogeneity. The elasticity of the supply curve is shown to be non-constant, depending on land heterogeneity and the availability of land for agricultural expansion. This influences the welfare economics of biofuels policies, and the possible carbon leakage in land and fuel markets. We emphasize that the impacts of biofuel policies on welfare and land-use change depend strongly on the potential development of the agricultural sector in terms of expansion and intensification, and not only on its current size. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and energy market, Biofuels, Land use, Soil heterogeneity, Welfare |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2012-13&r=env |
| By: | Phuah Kit Teng Author_Email: (Universiti Putra Malaysia); Golnaz Rezai (Universiti Putra Malaysia); Zainalabidin Mohamed (Universiti Putra Malaysia); Mad Nasir Shamsudin (Universiti Putra Malaysia) |
| Keywords: | Consumers, awareness, intention, green concept, foods, sustainable agriculture |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-066-240&r=env |
| By: | Scott, K. Rebecca |
| Abstract: | eeeeee |
| Keywords: | Natural Resources and Conservation, Economics, gasoline demand, rational habits, price elasticity |
| Date: | 2011–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt2q87432b&r=env |
| By: | Hooi Hooi Lean; Russell Smyth |
| Abstract: | This study examines whether policies to promote renewable electricity generation are likely to be effective by applying panel unit root and stationarity tests to time series data on renewable electricity generation for 115 countries over the period 1980-2008. We find that for the panel as a whole, and almost three quarters of the individual countries, renewable electricity generation is characterized by a unit root. This result implies that policies to promote renewable electricity generation, such as renewable portfolio standards, which result in annual increases in renewable energy and, as such, which represent permanent positive shocks to the long-run growth path of renewable electricity generation, will be more effective in increasing renewable electricity generation than policies with a pre-specified time horizon. |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2012-15&r=env |
| By: | Nusaibah Mansor Author_Email: (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka); Siti Norbaya Yahaya (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka); Nurul Zarirah Nizam (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka); Othman Aman (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka) |
| Keywords: | green technology; automotive; environment; consumer behaviour |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-068-247&r=env |
| By: | Kimmo Ollikka; Piia Aatola; Markku Ollikainen |
| Abstract: | We study the informational efficiency of the European Emissions Trading Scheme, EU ETS market by simulating the trading in this emerging market. If the market is efficient, profitable trading should only exist locally in time. We adopt the Timmermann and Granger (2004) definition of efficiency and for the first time in the literature run a large set of econometric, technical analysis and combined models to forecast the emissions allowance price changes. These forecasts are then used as trading signals in the trading simulation. We find that the combined models outperform the other models in forecasting ability. Trading simulation based on models combining time series and technical analysis trading rules shows that there have been possibilities for profitable trading in the EU ETS market during the study period of 2008?2010. This suggests that the EU ETS market shows periods with no informational efficiency. |
| Keywords: | European Union emissions trading, informational efficiency, econometric analysis |
| JEL: | Q52 Q53 |
| Date: | 2012–03–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fer:wpaper:28&r=env |
| By: | Arturo Macías (Banco de España); Mariano Matilla-García (Universiad Nacional de Educación a Distancia) |
| Abstract: | This article presents a dynamic growth model with energy as an input in the production function. The available stock of energy resources is ordered by a quality parameter based on energy accounting: the “Energy Return on Energy Invested” (EROI). To our knowledge this is the first paper where EROI fits in a neoclassical growth model (with individual utility maximization and market equilibrium), setting the economic use of “net energy analysis” on firmer theoretical ground. All necessary concepts to link neoclassical economics and EROI are discussed before their use in the model, and a comparative static analysis of the steady states of a simplified version of the model is presented. |
| Keywords: | EROI, net energy analysis, growth, Ramsey-Hotelling, energy depletion |
| JEL: | Q00 Q43 O13 |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:1217&r=env |
| By: | Hooi Hooi Lean; Russell Smyth |
| Abstract: | This study examines the integration properties of total renewable energy production, as well as production of biofuels and biomass in the United States. To do so we employ Lagrange Multiplier(LM) univariate unit root tests with up to two structural breaks. We conclude that each production series contains a unit root. This result suggests that random shocks, including regulatory changes, to renewable energy production may lead to permanent departures from predetermined target levels. Furthermore, this result implies that positive shocks associated with a permanent policy stance (such as renewable portfolio standards) that increases the production of renewable energy resources will realize more in terms of positively altering the energy mix between renewable energy and energy from fossil fuels than temporary policy stances (such as investment tax credits over a predetermined time horizon). |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2012-05&r=env |
| By: | Mahmoud Manafi Author_Email: mahmoud_manafi@yahoo.com (DBA Student, MMU, Faculty of Management); Roozbeh Hojabri (DBA Student, MMU, Faculty of Management); Alireza Hooman (DBA Student, MMU, Faculty of Management); Ehsan Borousan (MBA Student, Multimedia University (MMU), Faculty of Management) |
| Keywords: | Consumer perception, green environment |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-101-135&r=env |
| By: | Czajkowski, Mikołaj; Hanley, Nick; Kądziela, Tadeusz |
| Abstract: | There are two major ways in which solid waste can be sorted and recycled - at the household level, when households are required to sort waste into a given number of categories, or in specialized sorting facilities. Traditionally, it has been thought that sorting at the household level is an inconvenience, as it uses space and requires time and consideration. Our study provides empirical evidence to the contrary. Through a carefully designed choice experiment we collected stated choices of the members of a Polish municipalities with respect to the way their waste is sorted and how often it is collected. In the scenario of our study, respondents were informed that the waste will be sorted anyway - if not at the household level than at a specialized sorting facility. Interestingly, analysis of the preferences of members of the general public shows, that people are willing to sort waste at the household level, even if unsorted waste would be collected at no extra cost. We calculate maximum willingness to pay for collecting sorted vs. unsorted waste, as well for increased frequency of collection. Overall, our results provide encouraging evidence that most people prefer to sort waste themselves if given the choice, and thus demonstrate their pro-environment preferences, even without economic incentives to do so. |
| Keywords: | preference heterogeneity; consumers' motives; recycling; waste managem ent |
| Date: | 2012–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stl:stledp:2012-01&r=env |
| By: | Reihaneh Montazeri Shatouri Author_Email: (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia); Wan Khairuzzaman Wan Ismail (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) |
| Keywords: | Green technology, Volkswagen, BlueMotion, Innovation. |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-096-058&r=env |
| By: | Takehiro Usui (Faculty of Economics,Soka University); Kenji Takeuchi (Graduate School of Economics,Kobe University) |
| Abstract: | Municipalities introduced unit-based pricing (UBP) with the aim of achieving a decrease in household waste generation and for the replacement of unsorted waste with recycling. Although many studies have shown that UBP has a short-run effect on recycling, few works have tackled the long-run effect on waste generation and recycling. By using panel data for 665 Japanese cities over 8 years, we examine the long-run effect of UBP on waste generation and recycling. The estimation results in waste generation suggest that there is a rebound effect, though a small one. We confirm that the effect of UBP on recycling sustains for the long run. We also find that the short- and long-run responses to an economic incentive for recycling activities differ with income groups. Recycling among the high-income group has not been promoted by implementation of UBP, but people in that group are willing to participate in recycling without an economic incentive. In contrast, recycling activity within the low-income group is strongly motivated by UBP for many years. |
| Keywords: | Unit-based pricing, Waste reduction, Recycling, Panel data analysis, Long-run effect |
| JEL: | R20 Q53 Q58 |
| Date: | 2012–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:koe:wpaper:1203&r=env |
| By: | Sharmila K. N. Sethumadhavan Author_Email: sharmila@apiit.edu.my (Asia Pacific University College of Technology and Innovation (UCTI) |
| Keywords: | Sustainable development, Eco-tourism, Strategic Management |
| JEL: | M0 |
| Date: | 2011–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cms:1icm11:2011-097-075&r=env |
| By: | Clive L. Spash |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wiw:wiwsre:sre-disc-2012_03&r=env |