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on Environmental Economics |
| By: | Rousseau Sandra (K.U.Leuven-Center for Economic Studies) |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:etewps:ete0703&r=env |
| By: | Nijs Wouter (VITO); Van Regemorter Denise (K.U.Leuven-Center for Economic Studies) |
| Abstract: | This report examines possible post-Kyoto options for Belgium. Climate change is coming up again at the top of the policy agenda with the decision of the European Commission to reduce its GHG emissions by 20% by 2020. The analysis is done with the MARKAL/TIMES model, a partial equilibrium model for the energy system. It is a technico-economic model, which assembles in a simple but economic consistent way technological information (conversion-efficiency, investment- and variable costs, emissions, etc.) for the entire energy system. Two CO2 reduction scenarios for Belgium are analysed up to the horizon 2050, with and without the possibility of nuclear and carbon capture technologies. The scenarios analysed show that it is possible to attain very stringent CO2 reductions in Belgium. The welfare cost remains limited in the case of a -22.5% reduction in 2050 compared to 1990. The cost is 0.7% of GDP on an annual base but it can become more expensive and reaches up to 1.3% of GDP on an annual base, when the reduction is -52%. These costs are the costs within the energy system without considering any potential side benefits (reduction of other air pollutants and energy security) and assuming a CO2 tax or a permit system as policy instrument for achieving the CO2 reduction target, i.e. an efficient instrument. |
| Keywords: | climate change, energy system modelling, post-Kyoto |
| Date: | 2007–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:etewps:ete0706&r=env |
| By: | Menon, Sudha |
| Abstract: | Watershed management is considered by scholars as well as practitioners across the world as the most appropriate approach to ensure the preservation, conservation and sustainability of all land based resources and for improving the living conditions of the people in uplands and low lands. More over watershed management technologies have proven to be effective for mitigating erosion on sloping land, stabilizing landscapes, providing clean water, stabilizing and improving agrarian production systems on small and medium scale. The degree of success of watershed management interventions primarily depends on the will of the people and the scale of activities involved in it. A watershed can be defined as a catchment or drainage basin. It refers to an area which has a ridgeline on three sides and whose surplus run-off is drained from a drainage point. Watershed management is the art and technique of managing watershed resources in way that maximum benefits can be derived from them without affecting the ecological sustainability. Watershed management requires an integration of all scientific knowledge from many disciplines and a combination of technologies, strategies and techniques with the development and use of available tools. Watershed management is a holistic concept, which tries to integrate several components like soil and water conservation, forestry development, agriculture and livestock. It tries to bring about the best possible balance in the environment between natural resources on the one side, and human and other living beings on the other. Recently, participation of people has become a core component of watershed management programmes. As FAO [Food and Agricultural Organization] rightly remarked, “The pendulum appears to be swinging in support of empowerment of people with regard to conservation of natural resources. Application of the integrated participatory approach has created, in some instances, social environments where varied cultures are working together to manage their natural resources on watersheds” . Thus, the process of stakeholder centric watershed management programme has provided a stimulus for the recovery and valuation of traditional practices resulting in a mix of ancient and current natural resource management practices. Against this context the present paper attempts to present certain specific models of sustainable watershed management successfully implemented in different parts of the world. The objective of the paper is to explore the methods, tools and strategies involved in these sustainable models. |
| Keywords: | watershed Management; Water; Natural Resource |
| JEL: | Q25 |
| Date: | 2007–09–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:5854&r=env |
| By: | Saveyn Bert (K.U.Leuven-Center for Economic Studies); Van Regemorter Denise (K.U.Leuven-Center for Economic Studies) |
| Date: | 2007–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:etewps:ete0701&r=env |
| By: | Jonsson, Thomas (Department of Economics, Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | This thesis consists of a summary and four papers. The first two papers address political economy and industrial organization aspects of agricultural policy, and the last two international aspects of environmental policy. Paper [1] explains Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) subsidies to farmers by the influence of farmer interest-groups with an EU-wide membership. The analysis is based on panel-data for fifteen commodities over the period 1986-2003. Because the CAP is set as an overall EU policy, effective lobbying presents a collective action problem to the farmers of the EU as a whole. Indicators of lobbying, which are based on this perception, are found to explain part of the variation in agricultural support. In Paper [II], the Bresnahan-Lau framework is used to analyze whether policy reforms, i.e. the two-price system (an input quota, 1986-1991) and a general deregulation of dairy policy (1991-1994) had any market power effects on the Swedish butter market. The results show that the null hypothesis of no market power cannot be rejected, for any of the specific policy reforms, at any reasonable significance level. Paper [III] concerns the welfare consequences of environmental policy cooperation. It is assumed that countries finance their public expenditures by using distortionary taxes, and that they differ with respect to competition in the labor market. It is shown how the welfare effect of an increase in the expenditures on abatement depends on changes in environmental damage, employment and work hours. The welfare effect is also related to the strategic interaction among the countries in the prereform equilibrium. In Paper [IV] environmental policy in an economic federation, where each national government faces a mixed tax problem, is addressed. It is assumed that the federal government sets emission targets, which are implemented at the national level. It is also assumed that the economic federation is decentralized. The results highlight a strategic role of income and commodity taxation, i.e. each country uses its policy instruments, at least in part, to influence the emission target. |
| Keywords: | agricultural policy; political economy; lobbying; cooperatives; market power; policy cooperation; distortionary taxes; labor market; Nash game; Stackelberg game; income and commodity taxation; economic federation; environmental policy |
| JEL: | D62 H21 H41 H43 H70 J51 J60 L22 L51 L66 Q11 Q18 |
| Date: | 2007–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:umnees:0719&r=env |
| By: | Rousseau Sandra (K.U.Leuven-Center for Economic Studies) |
| Abstract: | Firms’ compliance decisions are expected to be strongly influenced by the expected fine for non-compliance with environmental regulations. In this paper we measure the effect of the probability of inspection and the size of the fine – jointly and separately – on the compliance decisions made by textile firms in Flanders. The results confirm the deterrence effect of increasing inspections, but they do not support a similar finding for monetary sanctions. The low levels of the sanctions that courts levy and the rapidly increasing marginal abatement costs imply that firms’ compliance decisions are not positively affected by the imposed penalties. However, we do find that it might be welfare enhancing to occasionally scan a selection of firms or sectors more deeply since the number of detected violations raises significantly as a consequence. |
| Keywords: | Monitoring and enforcement; environmental regulations; textile sector |
| Date: | 2007–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:etewps:ete0704&r=env |
| By: | Rousseau Sandra (K.U.Leuven-Center for Economic Studies) |
| Abstract: | Using an online survey, we have asked the researchers in the field of environmental and resource economics how they themselves would rank a representative list of journals in their field. The results of this ranking are then compared to the ordering based on the journals’ impact factors as published by Thomson Scientific. The two sets of rankings seem to be positively correlated, but statistically the null hypothesis that the two rankings are uncorrelated cannot be rejected. This observation suggests that researchers interpret the current quality of journals based on other factors in addition to the impact factors. |
| Date: | 2007–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:etewps:ete0705&r=env |
| By: | Frey , Marco; Iraldo, Fabio Iraldo |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses the benefits of the cluster approach in adopting EMAS (the EC Eco-Management and Audit Scheme) by some companies operating in the territorial area of Lucca. The cluster approach proves to be effective in stimulating and supporting the adoption of EMAS and, more in general, to provide a better environmental management by the interested companies. In order to start up and maintain this particular networking approach, there is to be a strong motivation by one or more actors in the cluster that are able to take the initiative and make shared resources and common tools available for the involved organisations. This motivation could be an EMAS related recognition or award for the Promotion Committee. In addition to that, it has to be stressed that accredited verifiers must be fully involved in the application of this kind of approaches, in order to really enable (and promote) the use of shared resources and common tools by all the organisations of a cluster. |
| Keywords: | environmental management; cluster approach; paper production |
| JEL: | Q56 M42 L60 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:5875&r=env |
| By: | Cuong Le Van (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Universite Paris-1, France); Katheline Schubert (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, CNRS, Paris School of Economics); Tu Anh Nguyen (Centre d'Economie de la Sorbonne, Universite Paris-1, France) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the optimal growth of a developing non-renewable natural resource producer, which extracts the resource from its soil, and produces a single consumption good with man-made capital. Moreover, it can sell the extracted resource abroad and use the revenues to buy an imported good, which is a perfect substitute of the domestic consumption good. The domestic technology is convex-concave, so that the economy may be locked into a poverty trap. We study the optimal extraction and depletion of the exhaustible resource, and the optimal paths of accumulation of capital and of domestic consumption. We show that the extent to which the country will optimally escape from the poverty trap and the exhaustible resource will be a blessing depends on the characteristics of its technology and of the revenues from the resource function, on its impatience, on the level of its initial stock of capital, and on the abundance of the natural resource. If the marginal productivity of capital at the origin is greater than the sum of the social discount rate and the depreciation rate, the country will accumulate capital along the entire growth path, and will escape from the poverty trap, whatever its initial stocks of capital and resource, and provided that the marginal revenue obtained from the exportation of the resource is finite at the origin. On the contrary, if the marginal productivity of capital is lower than the depreciation rate whatever the level of capital, and if moreover the initial stock of capital is small, then the country will never accumulate; it will consume the revenues obtained from selling abroad the extracted resource, until there is no resource left and the economy collapses. We also show that any optimal path may be decentralized in a competitive equilibrium by using a tax/subsidy scheme for firms. |
| Keywords: | Optimal growth, Exhaustible resource, Convex-concave technology, Poverty trap, Competitive equilibrium with tax/subsidy |
| JEL: | Q32 C61 |
| Date: | 2007–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dpc:wpaper:1507&r=env |
| By: | Paccagnan, Vania |
| Abstract: | This work aims at analysing the value of recreational water uses for the Idro Lake (Lombardy, Northern Italy), which has been experiencing dramatic fluctuations in its levels in recent years, due to excessive productive withdrawal that affected recreational uses. It estimates the economic benefits deriving from recreational uses, by considering the current recreational demand and the hypothetical one obtained by considering an “improved quality” scenario. Through an on-site survey, we built a panel dataset. Following Whitehead et al. (2000) and Hanley et al. (2003) we get welfare estimates by combining SP and RP responses. The present CS is estimated in €134 per individual, whilst the increase in CS is estimated in €173 per individual. These figures can be confronted with the economic value of competitive uses and with the clean up costs, respectively, to infer some policy indications. |
| Keywords: | Recreational water uses, Water Framework Directive, Poisson and Negative binomial econometric models |
| JEL: | Q26 D61 Q25 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:5865&r=env |
| By: | Libertad González Luna |
| Keywords: | Forest fires, housing prices, land-use change |
| JEL: | Q15 Q23 R21 |
| Date: | 2007–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:upf:upfgen:1060&r=env |
| By: | Saraly Andrade (Toulouse School of Economics); Joaquin Morales (Institute for Advanced Development Studies, Bolivia) |
| Abstract: | For about three decades now, development economics researchers have consistently claimed that third world resource-rich countries were not developing as well and/or as fast as they were expected to, given that their natural resources endowment was considered a great opportunity for development. The phenomenon of underperformances concerning primary commodity exporters relative to non resource-rich countries has been often referred to as to the “Natural Resource Curse”. The authors use an historical and political approach to the manifestations of the curse in the specific cases of Angola and Bolivia, both resource abundant countries, but suffering among the lowest development standards in their respective continents. In chapter one, the authors make a quick review of the literature explaining both causes and manifestations of the Resource Curse. The authors go beyond the classical Dutch Disease explanations and show how natural resources lead to behaviours of looting, rent-seeking and civil confrontations. In chapter two, the authors present the framework where they adjust the “African Anti-growth Policy Syndromes” described by Paul Collier to the specific case of the Natural Resource curse. In addition, they add some considerations of the negative effect of natural resource extraction by analysing externalities on environment, education and inequalities. Chapters three and four analyse the case studies of Angola and Bolivia respectively, emphasizing the role of historical context explaining policy behaviour and the critical impact of unexpected windfalls and sudden price collapses. The authors find that natural resources could sustain long lasting conflicts, but that conditions of fractionalization of society determine the possibility of conflict. A country divided in two rigid political factions is more prone to internal conflict, like in Angola, whether in countries where frontiers between blocks are blurried or the country is multi-polar, like in Bolivia, the risks of long-lasting civil war seem less important. Apart from conflict, the authors show that lack of institutions and inequality make of natural resources a source of political instability that has far more impact on economic performances than other factors. |
| Keywords: | Natural Resource curse, Rent-seeking, Civil War, Angola, Bolivia |
| JEL: | N2 N5 O1 |
| Date: | 2007–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:adv:wpaper:200711&r=env |
| By: | George R. Parsons (Graduate College of Marine Studies and Department of Economics,University of Delaware); Steven M. Thur (NOAA Office of Response and Restoration) |
| Abstract: | We estimated the economic value of changes in the quality of a coral reef ecosystem to SCUBA divers in the Caribbean using a stated preference mail survey. Our sampling frame was all divers with U.S. home addresses who purchased a tag required for diving in the Bonaire National Marine Park in 2001. Divers were asked how they might have altered their trip choice had the quality of the coral reef system been different from what they experienced. From these responses we inferred the value of three different levels of quality defined by visibility, species diversity, and percent coral cover. We used random utility theory and mixed logit to analyze the choice questions. Our sample size was 211, and our survey response rate is 75%. For modest changes in quality we estimate per person annual losses at $45. For larger losses the value is $192. |
| Keywords: | coral reef, marine protected area, non-market valuation |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dlw:wpaper:07-18.&r=env |
| By: | Betty Agnani (Universidad de Granada); María-José Gutiérrez (The University of the Basque Country); Amaia Iza (The University of the Basque Country) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to analyze how active R&D policies affect the growth rate of an economy with endogenous growth and non-renewable resources. We know from Scholz and Ziemens (1999) and Groth (2006) that in infinitely lived agents (ILA) economies, any active R&D policy increases the growth rate of the economy. To see if this result also appears in economies with finite lifetime agents, we developed an endogenous growth overlapping generations (OLG) economy à la Diamond which uses non-renewable resources as essential inputs in final good’s production. We show analytically that any R&D policy that reduces the use of natural resources implies a raise in the growth rate of the economy. Numerically we show that in economies with low intertemporal elasticity of substitution (IES), active R&D policies lead the economy to increase the depletion of non-renewable resources. Nevertheless, we find that active R&D policies always imply increases in the endogenous growth rate, in both scenarios. Furthermore, when the IES coefficient is lower (greater) than one, active R&D policies affect the growth rate of the economy in the ILA more (less) than in OLG economies. |
| Keywords: | Endogenous growth, R&D, non-renewable resources, overlapping generations. |
| JEL: | O13 O40 Q32 |
| Date: | 2007–11–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehu:dfaeii:200705&r=env |
| By: | Kene Boun My (BETA-Theme, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg (France)); François Cochard (Toulouse School of Economics, LERNA (France)); Anthony Ziegelmeyer (Max Planck Institute of Economics, Strategic Interaction Group, Jena (Germany)) |
| Abstract: | Our objective in this paper is to assess the acceptability of the ambient tax. Concretely, we ask subjects to choose between (A) an ambient tax and (B) an individual tax system. In case (A), they actually participate in a game in which their payoff depends on all participants' decisions and on natural variability as would be the case in the real world if an ambient tax was implemented. In case (B) they simply earn a sure payoff, which is supposed to reflect their maximal profit under the individual tax system. We take the percentage of agents preferring the ambient tax to a given sure payoff level as an indicator of the acceptability of the ambient tax given this sure payoff level. Our experimental results mitigate the common belief that ambient taxes are totally unacceptable. If the "sure" alternative to the ambient tax policy is very costly for the polluters, for example because it involves high inspection costs, polluters might eventually prefer being liable to an ambient tax. |
| Keywords: | Nonpoint Source Pollution; Group Decision Making; Experiments; Acceptability of fiscal instruments. |
| JEL: | C92 H3 Q5 |
| Date: | 2007–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2007-081&r=env |
| By: | Katherine A. Kiel |
| Abstract: | Federal, state and local wetlands protection laws that restrict landowners' ability to develop their properties in certain ways could decrease the value of the affected properties. However, the regulations could also give benefits to nearby neighbors, who no longer need to worry about increased development in their area. Given that some properties may decline in value while others increase, the impact on individual properties must be determined empirically. ; This study uses a data set from Newton, Massachusetts, to examine the impact of wetlands laws on the regulated properties as well as on proximate properties. Looking at house sales data from 1988 through 2005, the hedonic technique is used to estimate the effect of wetlands regulations on single-family home prices and finds that having wetlands on a property decreases its value by 4 percent relative to non-regulated properties. Homes that are contiguous to regulated houses do not experience any change in price. Thus, it seems unlikely that neighbors are receiving any benefit from knowing that further development is restricted in their immediate vicinity. |
| Keywords: | Housing - Prices - Massachusetts ; Wetland conservation - Massachusetts |
| Date: | 2007 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fedbcw:07-3&r=env |
| By: | Chernyavs’ka, Liliya; Gullì, Francesco |
| Abstract: | In line with economic theory, carbon ETS determines a rise in marginal cost equal to the carbon opportunity cost regardless of whether carbon allowances are allocated free of charge or not. Hence, common sense would suggest that .rms in imperfectly competitive markets will pass-through into electricity prices only a part of the increase in cost. Instead, by using the load duration curve approach and the dominant .rm with competitive fringe model, the analysis proposed in this paper shows that the result is ambiguous. The increase in price can be either lower or higher than the marginal CO2 cost depending on several structural factors: the degree of market concentration, the available capacity (whether there is excess capacity or not) and the power plant mix in the market; the allowance price and the power demand level (peak vs. off-peak hours). The empirical analysis of the Italian context (an emblematic case of imperfectly competitive market), which can be split in four sub-markets with different structural features, confirms the model predictions. Market power, therefore, can determine a significant deviation from the "full pass-through" rule but we can not know which is the sign of this deviation, a priori, i.e. without before carefully accounting for the structural features of the power market. |
| Keywords: | Emission trading; power pricing; imperfect competition |
| JEL: | Q41 L13 Q21 |
| Date: | 2007–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:5866&r=env |
| By: | Broberg, Thomas (Department of Economics, Umeå University) |
| Abstract: | This paper focuses on three important issues in estimating the relationship between WTP and income using contingent valuation: 1) the choice of income measure; 2) the modelling choice; and 3) the social context. Addressing the first two issues, a sensitivity analysis is performed. The results show that the estimated income-elasticity of WTP is fairly sensitive to different income measures and modelling assumptions and varies between 0.07 and 0.49 for the specific models estimated. The main conclusion drawn from the analysis is that inclusion of control variables for household characteristics is important for finding a significant income-effect, when the household income measure is used. No significant difference is found between gross or net income. The results further indicate that the relevant income measure may not only be the income level per se, but also the income level relative to others. The latter result is based on an experimental valuation question, conditioning the respondents on hypothetical changes in their absolute and relative income. The conclusion is that the social context read into the valuation situation influences the responses and, therefore, the estimated welfare measure. |
| Keywords: | contingent valuation; income-effect; income-elasticity of WTP; income measure; social context; relative income; multiple bounded; payment card. |
| JEL: | C81 Q20 Q26 Q28 |
| Date: | 2007–11–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:umnees:0723&r=env |
| By: | Reiko Aoki; Aaron Schiff |
| Abstract: | We focus on downstream uses that combine multiple intellectual property rights and examine the effects of introducing an intellectual property clearinghouse that reduces transaction costs associated with licensing. We show that this causes equilibrium royalties to rise in some cases and may harm licensors due to the etragedy of the anticommonsf. Downstream welfare effects may also be positive or negative and we characterise the effects on downstream manufacturers and final consumers. We also show that total welfare is most likely to increase following a transaction cost reduction when the number of intellectual property rights per downstream use is small, or if rights are relatively substitutable in downstream use, but it is also possible for welfare to decrease. |
| Keywords: | Intellectual property, licensing, tragedy of the anticommons, clearinghouses |
| JEL: | L24 O34 |
| Date: | 2007–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hit:hituec:a495&r=env |
| By: | Robert Kast |
| Abstract: | Parmi les nombreux problèmes que posent la prise en compte de l’Environnement en économie et plus précisément dans l’étude des risques, le rôle, la nature et les représentations de l’incertitude sont fondamentaux. Que ce soit les dangers que provoquent leur environnement aux activités humaines, ou le souci de celles-ci pour l’Environnement1, il s’agit pour les humains de prendre des décisions risquées dans les deux cas. Risques naturels, notamment si la nature est ressentie comme ennemie, risques industriels au contraire que subirait une nature amie, ces risques sont caractérisés par des impacts incertains, controversés parmi les populations et pafois parmi les scientifiques, de plus ils sont souvent à échéances lointaines. [...]. |
| Date: | 2007–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lam:estudy:07-02&r=env |
| By: | Benoît Chèze |
| Abstract: | Cet article présente les résultats d’une méta-analyse dont le but est d’étudier les facteurs influençant les évaluations monétaires du coût externe des installations de traitement des déchets. Les décharges et les incinérateurs sont sources de nuisances importantes qui expliquent en partie l’opposition croissante face aux projets d’implantation de nouveaux sites. Une recherche bibliographique nous a permis d’identifier 12 études utilisant la méthode des prix hédoniques (toutes réalisées sur le continent nord-américain) pour estimer en termes monétaires le coût externe des installation de traitement des déchets. Cette méta-analyse est réalisée sur les 45 estimations fournies par ces études primaires. Une méta-analyse est une méthode de recherche quantitative utilisant des outils économétriques afin d’analyser les résultats d’un ensemble de travaux antérieurs portant sur une question donnée. Le premier but de cette communication consiste à mettre en avant une estimation monétaire moyenne du coût externe des installations de traitement des déchets. Le second but est d’étudier les facteurs influençant la variabilité des différentes estimations. Nous montrons que la distance, le revenu, les caractéristiques des installations de traitement des déchets, la spécification de la forme fonctionnelle de l’équation de prix hédonique et l’information publique expliquent en grande partie cette variabilité des différentes estimations. |
| Keywords: | Méta-analyse, méthode des prix hédoniques, évaluation environnementale, déchets |
| JEL: | Q53 Q51 |
| Date: | 2007 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:drm:wpaper:2007-23&r=env |
| By: | Sophie Thoyer; Sandra Saïd |
| Abstract: | Les politiques agricoles adoptées dans la plupart des pays développés après la seconde guerre mondiale ont favorisé un accroissement très rapide de la productivité du travail et de la terre, passant par une intensification des pratiques culturales, basée sur la généralisation de la mécanisation et de la motorisation, l’utilisation massive de substances agrochimiques, et l’adoption de nouvelles variétés et races sélectionnées. Cette évolution économique et technologique a permis non seulement de répondre aux exigences d’autosuffisance alimentaire des pays développés mais aussi pour certains d’entre eux de s’imposer comme de véritables puissances agro-exportatrices, ce qui a induit une concurrence accrue entre pays développés à partir des années 80 pour la conquête de marchés extérieurs.[...]. |
| Date: | 2007–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lam:estudy:07-01&r=env |
| By: | Charles Figuières; Hervé Guyomard; Gilles Rotillon |
| Abstract: | L’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment la recherche en économie aborde et analyse le concept de développement durable, ses significations et ses conséquences. A cette fin, nous avons privilégié un fil directeur qui peut être résumé sous la forme de deux questions : Comment la préoccupation pour la durabilité modifie-t-elle la manière dont les économistes étudient les problèmes de développement et de croissance ? Comment intervenir de façon à infléchir les comportements des agents individuels et des institutions dans un sens plus durable Pour répondre à la première question, on mobilisera les outils de la macroéconomie de la croissance. Pour répondre à la deuxième, on utilisera principalement le cadre de référence de l’économie de l’environnement et des ressources naturelles (pour une présentation synthétique de l’économie de l’environnement, voir, par exemple, Bontems et Rotillon, 2003 ; pour une présentation synthétique de l’économie des ressources naturelles, voir, par exemple, Rotillon, 2005). [...]. |
| Date: | 2007–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lam:estudy:07-03&r=env |
| By: | Djoni Hartono (Department of Economics, University of Indonesia); Bilang Nauli Harahap |
| Abstract: | When sustainability of access and quality, is the primary concern, water and saniatioan should be considered as economic goods. Therefore, we need more accurate information on the amount of people’s willingness to pay. This study attemp to (i) identify the effects of drinking water supply and home sanitation on the rent price of a house, (ii) calculating the value of marginal implicit price (marginal willingness to pay) for drinking water and sanitation, and (iii) examine factors that affects the availability of drinking water supply and sanitation. Using the hedonic price model, we conclude that: (i) the availability of water piped facilities or pump water affect rent price of houses in urban areas, while the availability of toilet facilitated with septic tank influences rent price of houses both in urban and rural areas; (ii) garbage handlings through collection by authorized agency influences rent price of houses both in urban and rural areas, (iii) the WTP for piped facilities or pumped water in urban area is Rp. 6,850 per month, while the WTP for toilet facilitated with septic tank is Rp. 15,800, and the WTP for garbage collection is Rp. 11,950 per month. The logistic model approach revealed that households’ economic and social conditions such as age, number of family members, breadwinner’s education, and expenditure per capita influence the availability of drinking water facilities in the form of piped water or pumped water, sanitation facilities in the form of toilet with septic tank, and garbage handling facilities. Human capital or the level of education is very crucial in the possibilities of ownership of drinking water and sanitation facilities. |
| Keywords: | access to drinking water and sanitation, Willingness to pay, hedonic price model, logistic model |
| JEL: | Q51 D12 C21 C25 |
| Date: | 2007–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unp:wpaper:200712&r=env |