|
on Entrepreneurship |
| By: | TAKAHASHI Hidenori; YAMAKAWA Yasuhiro |
| Abstract: | Although uncertainty is an important concept in entrepreneurship research, its impact on entrepreneurial activity has not been explored. We examine whether, and under what conditions, uncertainty affects entrepreneurial activity. Using data from 52 countries over 16 years, we find no evidence that uncertainty affects entrepreneurial activity. However, we find evidence that potential entrepreneurs start their businesses in uncertain circumstances if institutions are in place that reduce the cost of starting a business. These results suggest that it may not be external factors such as uncertainty that influence potential entrepreneurs’ decisions, but internal factors. |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:22064&r= |
| By: | Sonja Radas (The Institute of Economics, Zagreb); Bruno Skrinjaric (The Institute of Economics, Zagreb) |
| Abstract: | Studies show that women are very productive employees, but that as business owners, compared to their male counterparts, they run companies that earn less, grow at a lesser rate, and employ a smaller number of employees. One of the explanations for this discrepancy argues that indicators such as sales, turnover or profit do not measure performance adequately because they are dependent on the size of the firm. Since women often make a conscious decision to keep their companies small, these performance measures may not adequately represent women-owned businesses. We study a panel of micro firms across all industries, from three EU countries of comparable size (Croatia, Slovenia, and Slovakia) in the period 2010 – 2019. Results indicate that female-owned firms have higher values of both turnover per asset and value added per asset. Additionally, results suggest that during recession years, female-led firms show a degree of resilience to these adverse effects, and they manage to increase their turnover per asset by 3 to 4 percent on average, compared to male-led firms. We conclude that although women-owned micro firms tend to have less resources compared to men’s, women can create larger output per asset, suggesting capability to combine those resources in a very effective way. |
| Keywords: | women entrepreneurship; firm performance; effectuation effect; recession |
| JEL: | B54 J16 L26 |
| Date: | 2022–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iez:wpaper:2203&r= |
| By: | Abrardi Laura (DIGEP, Politecnico di Torino, Italy); Grinza Elena (Department of Economics, Social Studies, Applied Mathematics and Statistics (ESOMAS), University of Torino, Italy; CEBRIG Université Libre de Bruxelles; LABORatorio Riccardo Revelli); Manello Alessandro (Department of Economics, Social Studies, Applied Mathematics and Statistics (ESOMAS), University of Torino, Italy; IRCrES-CNR); Porta Flavio (Department of Economics, University of Bergamo, Italy) |
| Abstract: | We use survey data on Italian small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) collected during the COVID-19 pandemic to explore the relationship between the adoption of work from home (WFH) practices and organizational performance. In so doing, we investigate the possible underlying mechanisms, including measures of labor productivity and workers' concentration and motivation, the level of absenteeism, the organization of work through management by objectives (MBO), and the presence of coordination and communication costs. We obtain several results. First, we find a significantly enhanced capability of firms that adopted WFH during the pandemic to sustain the overall organizational performance, particularly when such work practice is used intensively. Second, increased labor productivity and workers' concentration and motivation, decreased absenteeism, and a substantial rise in the adoption of MBO seem to be the main drivers behind the detected benefits related to WFH. Third, when WFH is used at medium levels of intensity, it is associated with augmented coordination and communication costs, which nonetheless do not appear to overcome the benefits associated with WFH. |
| Keywords: | Work From Home (WFH), Teleworking, Agile Working, Smart Working, Organizational Performance, Labor Productivity, Management by Objectives (MBO), COVID-19, Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), Survey Data. |
| JEL: | D23 D24 M54 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tur:wpapnw:076&r= |
| By: | Joana Costa (Universidade de Aveiro); Luís Carvalho (Universidade do Porto) |
| Abstract: | Promoting entrepreneurship has become a government priority worldwide. At the same time, digital technology has been embraced by governmental authorities, particularly focusing on digital infrastructure and online service provision. In this paper, we explore whether there might be a connection between both policy ambitions – notably at the local level. To do so, we empirically assess the relationship between different dimensions of government digitalization and entrepreneurial dynamics, using panel data from 278 Portuguese municipalities between 2014 and 2019, primarily drawn from the Portuguese survey on government ICT deployment (IUTIC) and analyzed through compared regression models. Results suggest an overall positive effect of digital government efforts on entrepreneurship. However, digital openness, a user-focus and transparency initiatives seem to matter more to entrepreneurship than internally-oriented digitalization measures. The results provide evidence of the positive effect of government digitalization on entrepreneurship, suggesting that the digital transition may generate relevant social returns for local economies and thus an additional mechanism for the promotion of smart and sustained growth. |
| Keywords: | e-government, digital transition, entrepreneurship, local government |
| JEL: | H79 L26 M13 |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mde:wpaper:0164&r= |
| By: | Sévérin Tamwo; Ghislain Stéphane Gandjon Fankem; Dieudonné Taka |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we examine the determinants of the entrepreneurial behaviour of returnees to Cameroon based on original survey data from 2012. Contrary to the existing literature, we focus on the skills received from abroad without omitting the effect of savings. We distinguish between three types of competences related to qualifications. We also differentiate between the probability of starting a business in the primary sector and the probability of starting a business in the tertiary sector. |
| Keywords: | Return migration, Skills, Entrepreneurship, Probit model, Endogeneity, Cameroon |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2022-75&r= |
| By: | Mullally, Conner C.; Janzen, Sarah; Magnan, Nicholas; Sharma, Shruti; Shrestha, Bhola |
| Keywords: | International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322500&r= |
| By: | Nobuaki Yamashita (Swinburne University of Technology, Keio University, ANU); Doan Thi Thanh Ha (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | It is well documented that firms that participate in global value chains (GVCs) are larger and more productive, maintaining higher profitability compared to those without such connections. This paper asks the novel question of whether higher profits being connected to GVCs are shared with employees in the form of better pay. We investigated this rent sharing, using a matched employer–employee dataset of Vietnamese small firms surveyed between 2013 and 2015. We found that positive profits would feed into individual wages after accounting for the firm and employee attributes, as well as firm and employee fixed effects, but this is only found for those small firms without any involvement with GVCs. Rent sharing, on the other hand, is completely absent in GVC firms. We take this as evidence that GVC firms provide both higher wages and insurance against demand fluctuations. |
| Keywords: | Global value chains (GVCs), rent sharing, profits, outsourcing, multinational enterprises, Viet Nam, microenterprises, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) |
| Date: | 2022–01–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2021-52&r= |
| By: | Paula Geralda Barbosa Coelho (PPGIT/UFMG); Márcia Siqueira Rapini (CEDEPLAR/UFMG) |
| Abstract: | The paper presents a mapping of the life trajectory of entrepreneurship and innovation of entrepreneurial professors in this area of Information Technology (IT) at the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), who converted knowledge and scientific assets into wealth. Data collection and qualitative analysis used the roadmapping method, adapted by the author, which was useful to elucidate the main strategies mobilized by entrepreneurial professors and understand how they undertook, innovated, and carried out knowledge and technology transfer (KTT). The results presented in this work demystify the patent as the only channel for the creation and distribution of value in the IT sector and indicate that the use of several TCT channels and various strategies can lead to a considerable creation and distribution of value. |
| Keywords: | Academic entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurial professors, Retrospective roadmapping, Information technology, Knowledge and technology transfer. |
| JEL: | O31 I23 |
| Date: | 2022–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdp:texdis:td642&r= |