|
on Energy Economics |
| By: | Valverde Carbonell, Jorge (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Micco, Alejandro |
| Abstract: | Minerals are critical for the current energy transition since new clean technologies intensively use a large variety of them. But at the same time, mineral production contributes to a large extent to CO2 world emissions. This dilemma constitutes one of the main challenges for the current techno-economic paradigm shift and, opens green windows of opportunity (GWO) for developing countries. One option to tackle this dilemma is pricing CO2 emissions to induce a restructuring of the mineral global value chains (GVCs) towards minimizing CO2 emissions. The new trade–environmental regulations, such as the cross-border adjustment mechanism of the European Union, point in this direction. In this context, countries with cleaner energy matrixes and the ability to vertically integrate the production of minerals (avoiding emissions) present a competitive advantage. This paper empirically assesses whether pricing CO2 emissions along the GVCs could open a GWO in the copper and lithium processing industries for latecomers. The methodology consists of accounting for the CO2 emissions along the GVCs of the Leader (China) and First-Follower (Chile) countries, pricing the CO2 emissions and incorporating them into each production cost vector. The catching-up process is evaluated by the production cost convergence once CO2 emissions are considered. The results show that a carbon price of US$96.3/tCO2e reduces the cash cost gap of copper processing between Chile and China from 232% to 25%. In turn, this price enlarges the cost competitiveness advantage of Chile at producing lithium carbonate and allows the convergence of Chile in the lithium hydroxide production. Once the CO2 emission value are incorporated into the cash cost vector, producing lithium carbonate and hydroxide in China vis á vis Chile is 69.5% and 5.4% more expensive respectively. Therefore, the study shows that GWOs in the mineral processing industries can be opened for developing countries conditional to favorable technology and endowments. The catching up result is very sensible to the carbon price level and the scope of priced CO2 emissions. |
| JEL: | O31 Q55 F61 F64 F68 L72 Q37 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–02–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024005 |
| By: | Danish; Adnan Khan |
| Abstract: | This study explores the impact of nuclear energy technology budgeting and artificial intelligence on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in 20 OECD economies. Unlike previous research that relied on conventional panel techniques, we utilize the Method of Moment Quantile Regression panel data estimation techniques. This approach provides quantile-specific insights while addressing issues of endogeneity and heteroscedasticity, resulting in a more nuanced and robust understanding of complex relationships. A novel aspect of this research work is introducing the moderating effect of artificial intelligence on the relationship between nuclear energy and CO2 emissions. The results found that the direct impact of artificial intelligence on CO2 emissions is significant, while the effect of nuclear energy technology budgeting is not. Additionally, artificial intelligence moderates the relationship between nuclear energy technology budgeting and CO2 emissions, aiding nuclear energy in reducing carbon emissions across OECD countries. Our findings indicate that transitioning to a low-carbon future is achievable by replacing fossil fuel energy sources with increased integration of artificial intelligence to promote nuclear energy technologies. This study demonstrates that energy innovations can serve as effective climate-resilience strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17410 |
| By: | KERAMIDAS Kimon; FOSSE Florian (European Commission - JRC); AYCART LAZO Francisco Javier (European Commission - JRC); DOWLING Paul (European Commission - JRC); GARAFFA Rafael (European Commission - JRC); ORDONEZ Jose (European Commission - JRC); PETROVIC Stefan; RUSS Peter (European Commission - JRC); SCHADE Burkhard (European Commission - JRC); SCHMITZ Andreas (European Commission - JRC); SORIA RAMIREZ Antonio (European Commission - JRC); VAN DER VORST Camille (European Commission - JRC); WEITZEL Matthias (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This edition of the Global Energy and Climate Outlook (GECO 2024), in its 10th year of publication, presents an updated view of the implications of energy and climate policies worldwide, finding that the world is still not on track to achieve its climate targets, as both implementation gaps (between current policies and pledges) and ambition gaps (between current pledges and a 1.5°C trajectory) remain. Whilst emissions peak in the coming years in all scenarios, the world is currently on track for 2.6°C of warming by the end of the century. Updated NDCs are due in 2025, to support the UNFCCC NDC update cycle GECO 2024 presents a set of 1.5°C-aligned indicators for 2035 along 4 main decarbonisation strategies: i) producing clean electricity, ii) Electrifying end-uses and improving energy efficiency, iii) decarbonisation of hard-to-abate sectors, iv) scaling-up negative emissions. The current decade is key for keeping the 1.5°C target possible, and aligning NDC targets with a Paris Agreement compatible trajectory represents an indispensable step in this direction. Accelerating the power sector transition towards renewable energy sources is crucial to decarbonise the whole energy sector via simultaneous electrification of end uses. Decarbonising remaining sectors that are more costly to electricity requires ramping up the production of low-carbon fuels such as biomass, hydrogen and e-fuels, alongside deploying more mature technologies such as carbon capture and storage, among other. Despite ambitious efforts to mitigate emissions, it is increasingly clear that the world’s 1.5°C pathway is likely to result in global temperature overshoot, and therefore negative emissions from both land-use sinks and the energy sector are required. The indicators presented in GECO 2024’s Country Sheets follow these main decarbonisation strategies, with the aim to guide negotiators during the forthcoming NDC update cycle. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc139986 |
| By: | Sacha den Nijs (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Mark Thissen (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | Resilience and competitiveness in relation to fossil energy dependencies is of increasing concern to industries and policy makers. We investigate to what extent the competitive position of industries in European regions are sensitive to changes in fossil fuel prices, and whether reductions in gas use along the value chain may increase regional industry resilience. A new spatial revealed cost competition model based on the input-output price model is used and calibrated to multi-regional world input-output tables on an EU NUTS 2 level. We obtain elasticities of fossil fuel prices on revealed cost competitiveness and analyze how they are affected by increased efficiency and electrification in production. We show that European regions are resilient to global coal price increases, whereas they are vulnerable to gas price shocks. The transition towards using less gas in production, by efficiency improvements or electrification, can reduce these gas price vulnerabilities. However, when competitors become more efficient instead, the vulnerability to such shocks may increase. Decarbonizing upstream sectors like electricity generation in the own region, own country or in Europe, can increase resilience of downstream industrial sectors in most European regions. |
| Keywords: | Competitiveness, regional resilience, fossil fuels, energy efficiency, global value chains, input-output analysis |
| JEL: | F18 Q41 R11 R15 |
| Date: | 2024–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240061 |
| By: | FOSTER Gillian (European Commission - JRC); KASTANAKI Eleni; BEAUSON Justine; NEUWAHL Frederik (European Commission - JRC); MARSCHINSKI Robert (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | Circular Economy Strategies for the EU's Renewable Electricity is a Joint Research Centre (JRC) exploratory study that provides a new perspective and new evidence on waste streams emerging from the transition to renewable electricity in the EU. The analysis supports the policy-making process and the JRC’s research on clean energy technologies implementing the European Green Deal, 2030 Climate and Energy Framework, Renewable Energy Directive, and the Waste Framework Directive. The report summarises the available information on the topic (technologies, waste streams, relevant literature and data, and technical, economic and information challenges). The clean energy technologies contain substances covered by the Critical Raw Materials Act; although the report does not focus on the permanent magnets and rare earth minerals associated with renewable energy, mostly wind turbines. Instead, the report highlights potential priority waste streams such as steel, cement and silicon. It provides a strategic assessment highlighting the rapid increase of wastes driven by the energy transition’s demand for technologies and infrastructure to replace fossil fuel infrastructures. Policy-relevant strategies to address gaps in regulation and research are highlighted. The report demonstrates that future waste volumes from solar and wind electricity generation in the EU are complex and will be generated in far greater quantities and at different rates than previously estimated. In addition, the report quantifies the waste footprint of decommissioning fossil fuel electricity plants. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc138570 |
| By: | Rim Berahab |
| Abstract: | The global energy landscape in 2024 reflects a complex interplay of geopolitical tensions, economic pressures, and uneven progress in clean energy transitions. Despite record growth in renewable energy deployment and advancements in low-carbon technologies, the world continues to fall short of meeting its climate goals. Fragmented markets, entrenched fossil fuel dependencies, and supply chain vulnerabilities continue to challenge energy security and hinder global decarbonization efforts. Geopolitical conflicts, such as the war in Ukraine and rising tensions in the Middle East, have reshaped trade flows, deepened regional dependencies, and highlighted the fragility of global energy systems. This paper analyzes key trends shaping the energy sector in 2024 and anticipates their implications for 2025. It examines the record-high demand for coal, the uneven deployment of clean energy technologies, the accelerating impact of artificial intelligence on electricity consumption, and the challenges of implementing effective carbon pricing mechanisms. The findings underscore the urgent need for coordinated international action to address vulnerabilities, align policy frameworks, and foster resilience in energy markets. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb02_25 |
| By: | Vey, Meike (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Namockel, Nils (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)); Ruhnau, Oliver (Energiewirtschaftliches Institut an der Universitaet zu Koeln (EWI)) |
| Abstract: | Electric mobility and renewable energy play key roles in the global energy transition. In this context, vehicle-to-grid technology, which enables bidirectional energy flow between electric vehicles and the grid, could make electric vehicles usable as energy storage units, thus supporting grid stability and integration of renewable energy. However, the willingness of electric vehicle owners to participate in vehicle-to-grid contracts remains insufficiently understood, particularly regarding how they respond to specific contract attributes. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a discrete choice experiment to evaluate the preferences of current and potential future German electric vehicle drivers for various vehicle-to-grid contract alternatives. We find that cycle-based remuneration, flexible contract duration, and environmental nudging significantly enhance consumer acceptance. Conversely, a lower guaranteed battery level and longer minimum plug-in durations negatively impact participation. We also test how respondent characteristics influence participation and identify income-dependent preferences, such as lower-income individuals attributing a stronger preference to fixed daily payments than higher-income individuals. Our differentiated őndings may be used to improve contract designs and marketing efforts to address the unique V2G preferences of various user segments. |
| Keywords: | Vehicle-to-grid; Discrete choice experiment; Willingness to accept; Preferences; Bidirectional charging |
| JEL: | C25 D12 Q42 Q48 Q51 Q58 R41 |
| Date: | 2025–02–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:ewikln:2025_001 |
| By: | Wolski, Marcin |
| Abstract: | We examine the relationship between capital structure and carbon intensity in manufacturing firms using a novel dataset that combines information from the EU Emission Trading System with firm-level financial accounts. Our findings indicate that higher financial leverage is associated with lower emission intensity at the firm level, primarily due to long-term debt, suggesting that improving access to such finance is generally conducive to corporate emissions reductions. However, this effect varies along the carbon intensity distribution. For firms with very high carbon intensity, increased leverage is linked to significant reductions in emissions, suggesting that better access to finance can facilitate the adoption of green technologies. Conversely, for firms that are already relatively carbon efficient, the effect disappears. |
| Keywords: | low-carbon transition, climate change, debt finance, financial leverage, EU ETS |
| JEL: | C58 G32 Q51 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:eibwps:310333 |
| By: | Viral V. Acharya; Stefano Giglio; Stefano Pastore; Johannes Stroebel; Zhenhao Tan; Tiffany Yong |
| Abstract: | We build a general equilibrium model to study how climate transition risks affect energy prices and the valuations of different firms in the energy sector. We consider two types of fossil fuel firms: incumbents that have developed oil reserves they can extract today or tomorrow, and new entrants that must invest in exploration and drilling today to have reserves to potentially extract tomorrow. There are also renewable energy firms that produce emission-free energy but cannot currently serve non-electrifiable sectors of the economy. We analyze three sources of climate transition risk: (i) changes in the probability of a technological breakthrough that allows renewable energy firms to serve all economic sectors; (ii) changes in expected future taxes on carbon emissions; and (iii) restrictions on today’s development of additional fossil fuel production capacity. We show that the different transition risk—and, importantly, uncertainty about their realizations—have distinct effects on firms’ decisions, on their valuations, and on equilibrium energy prices. We provide empirical support for the heterogeneous effects of different transition risks on energy prices and stock returns of firms in different energy sub-sectors. |
| Keywords: | climate change, renewable energy, green transition, policy uncertainty, fossil fuel firms, brown firms, carbon tax, drilling restrictions, oil prices |
| JEL: | E31 Q35 Q38 Q43 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11646 |
| By: | Koetter, Michael; Noth, Felix |
| Abstract: | Lowering carbon intensity in manufacturing is necessary to transform current production technologies. We test if local agents' preferences, revealed by vote shares for the Green party during local elections in Germany, relate to the carbon intensity of investments in production technologies. Our sample comprises all investment choices made by manufacturing establishments from 2005-2017. Our results suggest that ecological preferences correlate with significantly fewer carbon-intensive investment projects while investments stimulating growth and reducing carbon emissions increase by 14 percentage points. Both results are more distinct in federal states where the Green Party enjoys political power and local ecological preferences are high. |
| Keywords: | ecological preferences, elections, establishments' energy usage, investments |
| JEL: | D72 G31 G38 O13 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iwhdps:310322 |
| By: | Andrea Bastianin; Xiao Li; Luqman Shamsudin |
| Abstract: | The transition to a cleaner energy mix, essential for achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, will significantly increase demand for metals critical to renewable energy technologies. Energy Transition Metals (ETMs), including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements, are indispensable for renewable energy generation and the electrification of global economies. However, their markets are characterized by high price volatility due to supply concentration, low substitutability, and limited price elasticity. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the price volatility of ETMs, a subset of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs). Using a combination of exploratory data analysis, data reduction, and visualization methods, we identify key features for accurate point and density forecasts. We evaluate various volatility models, including Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and Stochastic Volatility (SV) models, to determine their forecasting performance. Our findings reveal significant heterogeneity in ETM volatility patterns, which challenge standard groupings by data providers and geological classifications. The results contribute to the literature on CRM economics and commodity volatility, offering novel insights into the complex dynamics of ETM markets and the modeling of their returns and volatilities. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.16069 |
| By: | Mita, Kaori; Iizuka, Michiko |
| Abstract: | The energy transition is said to create emerging “green windows of opportunity (GWO)” in developing countries. On the other hand, many latecomer countries remain importers and users of renewables and clean energy technologies. Renewable energy deployment projects are considered complex systems and products (CoPS) that are capital-intensive, client-driven, and complex economic activities. Previous research on catching up in CoPS has concentrated on large engineering projects, focusing on technological aspects and the role of government interventions at different developmental stages, especially the creation of domestic markets. As many latecomer countries are users of emerging renewable energy technologies, the creation of domestic markets through government interventions is considered essential for successful transitions and capability upgrading to take place. However, capability upgrading and the transition to renewable energy can also occur without the initial presence of a domestic market and strong governmental support, as demonstrated by the case of ACWA Power, a project developer in a latecomer country, in Saudi Arabia. This case shows that upgrading of organizational capabilities took place as the firm engaged in projects in the external market to deploy renewable energy, taking advantage of the GWO. The case suggests that the CoPS can be a viable pathway for catching up in the emerging renewable energy sector, enabling firms to transition and build their organizational capabilities from project-based learning when GWOs are effectively leveraged. |
| JEL: | O31 O32 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–07–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024015 |
| By: | Javier Asensio (Departament d’Economia Aplicada, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) & Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).); Anna Matas (Departament d’Economia Aplicada, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) & Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB).); Josep-Lluís Raymond (Departament d'Economia i d'Història Econòmica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB)) |
| Abstract: | This paper carries out an empirical analysis of the determinants of CO2 emissions of new cars in Spain between 2015 and 2020. Technological change is shown to result in a decrease of emissions by 9%. However, the demand shift towards larger and more powerful vehicles has offset half of these gains. Moreover, the penetration of hybrid technologies has contributed to reducing emissions by a further 8.7%. Additionally, we estimate the determinants of emissions due to car characteristics, and we find that they are sensitive to socioeconomic and geographic variables, such as income, city size or its rural/urban character. We find an emissions elasticity with respect to fuel prices of -0.37. This is shown to be due to the purchase of less emitting cars and a higher share of more technologically efficient vehicles. Finally, scrappage programs, subsidies to the purchase of electric vehicles and the establishment of low emission zones succeed in reducing emissions. However, their effects are small and depend on the design of such measures. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions, technological change, car characteristics, hybrid technology, demand determinants, electric vehicles |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uab:wprdea:wpdea2502 |
| By: | Lipman, Timothy PhD; Yuan, Jarvis |
| Abstract: | Recent studies suggest that there could be significant value to electric vehicle (EV) drivers and power companies from incorporating EVs into the state’s electrical power grids, known as Vehicle-Grid Integration (VGI). However, the benefits could be highly variable depending on the location of the utility territory, vehicle type and battery capacity, the relevant timeframe, and whether the connection involves only managed charging or includes bidirectional charging permitting vehicle to grid (V2G) power transfer, and other factors. Various studies conducted to date generally conclude that the opportunities for V2G could have two to three times the value of managed (or “smart”) charging. However, there are considerable additional complications for grid integration, including variable and site-specific implementation costs. Some savings such as deferring distribution system upgrades can be very significant but are also site-specific and depend on the level of curren and projected demands for electric power on the individual distribution feeder lines, and are therefore difficult to predict. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Electric vehicle charging, Electric vehicles, Interconnection (Electric power), Grids (Electric transmission) |
| Date: | 2025–02–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt19n0s7np |
| By: | Bryan Bollinger; Kenneth Gillingham; A. Justin Kirkpatrick |
| Abstract: | Individuals trade present for future consumption across a range of economic behaviors, and this tradeoff may differ across socioeconomic groups. To assess these tradeoffs, we estimate a dynamic model of residential solar adoption and system sizing in California using household-level data on solar irradiance, electricity consumption, and electricity rates that offer plausibly exogenous variation in the future benefits from adopting relative to upfront costs. We find implicit discount rates of 15.3%, 13.8%, and 10.0% for low-, medium-, and high-wealth households. Counterfactual simulations demonstrate opportunities to reduce the regressivity of solar adoption, increase policy cost-effectiveness, and improve welfare for low-wealth households. |
| Keywords: | solar, discount rates, energy policy, distributional impacts, dynamic discrete choice models |
| JEL: | L94 Q48 H23 D12 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11627 |
| By: | Yiting Qiu; Adnan Khan; Danish |
| Abstract: | Nuclear energy is increasingly recognized as a critical component of circular economy frameworks due to its capacity to provide a stable, low-carbon energy source. Reducing dependency on fossil fuels promotes sustainable practices and aligns with circular economy goals such as resource efficiency, pollution reduction, and waste minimization. The existing literature has primarily focused on the contribution of nuclear energy to decarbonization, whereas the potential of nuclear energy in facilitating a circular economy has been largely neglected. In light of this context, this paper explores the impact of nuclear energy on the circular economy, thereby offering strong econometric evidence. The study used the advanced econometric tool Dynamic Auto-Regressive Distributive Lag (DYNARDL) method for empirical estimation to obtain long- and short-run estimates. The regression estimates, derived from a sample of China spanning 1990 to 2017, support the hypothesis that nuclear energy negatively impacts the circular economy in both the long- and short-run. Advanced econometric tests confirm the stability of the models, homoscedasticity, and the absence of serial correlation, ensuring the reliability of our findings. The study emphasizes the importance of policy strategies, including expanding nuclear energy adoption, advancing environmental technologies, and the effective use of nuclear energy by integrating comprehensive datasets and methodologies; this paper provides a foundation for scalable and equitable solutions as China moves toward a greener and more sustainable future. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17072 |
| By: | Alanda Venter (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa); Roula Inglesi-Lotz (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | For most developing countries, energy reliability has remained a persistent challenge throughout the last few decades. Energy reliability challenges - loadshedding, in this case, has been a phenomenon since 2008 in South Africa and peaked in 2023 when the country experienced 6950 hours of load shedding in a single year. Like many developing countries, South Africa's government uses foreign direct investment to increase development within their economies; however, electricity supply challenges hinder the country's attractiveness to foreign direct investment. Adequate institutional quality conditions can assist in both improving electricity supply and market attractiveness. This study assesses the relationship between electricity supply and inward foreign direct investment in the presence of good institutional quality conditions. A structural Bayesian VAR is used in the study to obtain impulse response functions that indicate the presence of favourable institutional conditions initially has a positive effect on the electricity supply. The improvement in electricity supply then results in a positive impact on inward foreign direct investment. |
| Keywords: | Institutional Quality, Foreign Direct Investment, Inward- Foreign Direct Investment, Electricity supply, Electricity generation shortages |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202505 |
| By: | Marco Carli (DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata") |
| Abstract: | Agents may be unsure about the productive potential of green technology and of the non-polluting sector due to imprecise information or misguiding news. I study the impact of this deep uncertainty in the context of the transition to a low-carbon economy in a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with polluting and green sectors and agents who, due to their ambiguity aversion, take decisions under pessimistic expectations about the future productivity of the latter sector. In the short term, losses of confidence can shift the balance of the economy in favor of investment in the polluting sector and lead to an increase in emissions. Coupling environmental tax and green subsidy can partially counteract this imbalance when the long-run forecast of agents ends up realizing, while also avoiding delays in the green transition. A dynamic version of the policy mix is also able to mitigate the short-term effects of drops in confidence. |
| Keywords: | Business Cycle, Ambiguity, E-DSGE |
| JEL: | Q55 E32 |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:591 |
| By: | Calzada Olvera, Beatriz; Vergara-Fernández , Melissa |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the role of the Lithium Triangle—comprising Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile—in the global supply of lithium, a critical raw material for the energy transition, including for the European Union (EU). Understanding the investment landscape in the Lithium Triangle is vital for the EU’s ambitious green agenda. The paper provides an overview of how the production capacity of the Lithium Triangle is meeting the growing global demand. It analyses the regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, investment drivers, and bottlenecks. Additionally, it examines how this landscape aligns with the EU’s ambitions to secure access to lithium. The findings indicate that, while the region holds significant potential to support the EU’s green transition, the EU’s marginal involvement as an active investor potentially risks future access. Further risks stem from growing firm concentration, environmental concerns, and regulatory uncertainties. |
| JEL: | F21 L70 L72 O13 Q40 |
| Date: | 2024–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024021 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Bonaglia, Davide (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Hansen, Ulrich Elmer |
| Abstract: | Wind power has ascended from being a niche technology developed by enthusiastic idealists, to being a pivotal element in global energy transitions led by multinational corporations. It has thus emerged rapidly as a leading renewable energy source globally, driven by imperatives to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and achieve energy security, on the one hand, and rapidly evolving technological trajectories and declining turbine costs, on the other. This paper examines the nature and characteristics of wind energy innovation by tracing the historical evolution of wind energy innovation, examining key milestones from 19th-century turbine development to contemporary advancements. Drawing on patent data, it reveals critical innovation trajectories, including the consolidation of modern turbine design, as being critical to the emergence of wind energy as a competitive technology. Moreover, the paper shows how rapid innovation has been rooted in the emergence of global production and innovation networks among leading wind turbine manufacturers. Yet, despite wind energy's substantial contributions to decarbonization efforts, persisting innovation challenges demands continued advancement. To respond to this challenge, the sector is increasingly focused on ‘post turbine’ wind innovation in which advanced digital technologies take centre stage. |
| JEL: | O13 O31 O34 O38 |
| Date: | 2024–08–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024020 |
| By: | Prince P. Asaloko (Yaoundé, Cameroon); Simplice A. Asongu (Johannesburg, South Africa); Cédrick M. Kalemasi (Yaoundé, Cameroon); Thomas G. Niyonzima (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The role of renewable energy is increasingly seen as a means of promoting women's economic participation and improving their health by rebalancing climate degradation. Design/methodology/approach – To shed light on this relationship, we assess the capacity of renewable energy to reduce the negative impact of climate vulnerability on women's economic empowerment and health, using the GMM estimator for 36 African countries over the period 1990-2021. Findings – The empirical results show that: (i) climate vulnerability reduces economic empowerment and (ii) climate vulnerability increases child mortality. These results are mitigated by the use of renewable energy. (iii) The use of renewable energy mitigates the negative impact of climate vulnerability on women's economic empowerment. (iv) Renewable energy use also reduces the pressure of climate vulnerability on child mortality. In addition, we take into account regional heterogeneities and find distinct effects. Our results remain stable after further robustness testing. Originality/value – Renewable energy thresholds are provided at which climate vulnerability no longer reduces women’s socio-economic wellbeing. |
| Keywords: | Renewable energy, climate vulnerability, women's economic empowerment, women's health, infant mortality and Africa |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:24/016 |
| By: | Ren\'e A\"id; Maria Arduca; Sara Biagini; Luca Taschini |
| Abstract: | We provide a theoretical framework to examine how carbon pricing policies influence inflation and to estimate the policy-driven impact on goods prices from achieving net-zero emissions. Firms control emissions by adjusting production, abating, or purchasing permits, and these strategies determine emissions reductions that affect the consumer price index. We first examine an emissions-regulated economy, solving the market equilibrium under any dynamic allocation of allowances set by the regulator. Next, we analyze a regulator balancing emission reduction and inflation targets, identifying the optimal allocation when accounting for both environmental and inflationary concerns. By adjusting penalties for deviations from these targets, we demonstrate how regulatory priorities shape equilibrium outcomes. Under reasonable model parameterisation, even when considerable emphasis is placed on maintaining inflation at acceptable levels or grant lower priority to emissions reduction targets, the costs associated with emission deviations still exceed any savings from marginally lower inflation. Emission reduction goals should remain the primary focus for policymakers. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.16953 |
| By: | Prabir De; Komal Biswal; Venkatachalam Anbumozhi (Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)) |
| Abstract: | Renewable energy contributes to the acceleration of the energy transition, supports global environmental mitigation, and helps meet sustainable development goals. Energy connectivity of India’s Northeastern Region (NER) with neighbouring countries particularly ASEAN assumes critical importance for accelerating economic integration. NER can play a three-dimensional role as power producer, exporter, and transit provider provided a quadrangular approach to build energy linkages and promote integration is consciously put in place. To understand whether the NER states are capable enough to take forward the solar supply chain development and bolster the ASEAN-India engagements in solar energy sector, this study has designed a state-level index of solar supply chain development by factoring in seven parameters, namely, (i) economic situations, (ii) environmental factors, (iii) spread of connectivity, (iv) financial enabling conditions, (v) mobility, (vi) human development, and (vi) social cohesion, which directly or indirectly influence the solar supply chain development in India. The results show that a clean and decent environment is must for development of solar supply chain. In addition, the study suggests that there is a need to improve the solar supply chain capability in the NER to enhance the economic growth. Leveraging policy support and reinvigorating existing institutions and creating new ones are imperatives for predicting the solar supply chain in the NER. This indexing may help track the trends, allowing for more informed decision-making in securing regional solar supply chain. |
| Keywords: | NER; India; ASEAN; Solar supply chain; Energy; Renewable energy |
| Date: | 2024–11–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:era:wpaper:dp-2024-30 |
| By: | Bruni, Anastasia |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of green investments on market power. I measure the market power as markup following the method provided in De Loecker and Warzynski (2012). For green investments, I consider specifically the investments of firms in energy efficient technologies, both as the binary variable and as the continuous variable. This allows the examination of how the presence of such investments as well as their intensity affect markups. I use firm, age, year, sector and country fixed effects with a representative sample of indicatively 12, 000 firms from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS) in the panel from 2016 to 2022. I find the positive and statistically significant relationship that holds also when applying the 2SLS-IV methodology. This study is particularly relevant for firms that are willing to increase their market power and to improve their environmentally friendly image in the eyes of their customers without the need of engaging in greenwashing practices. Instead, the firms are invited to consider energy efficiency investments as a concrete way of improving both their markups and the loyalty of their customers. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Financial Economics, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:feemwp:349287 |
| By: | Ignacio Guajardo (University of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio, United States) |
| Abstract: | Freight tonnage transported in the U.S. is projected to grow by 1.6% annually between 2023 and 2050 (Bureau of Transportation Statistics 2024). The electrification of truck freight transportation is essential for meeting emission reduction targets (Hoehne et al. 2023). The prospect of widespread battery electric truck adoption has continued to improve due to public and private investment, technology advancement, cost-benefit enhancement, and policy support. The implications for South Texas are significant due to the region’s strategic geographic location and reliance on the freight industry. Recent research has shown that electric freight vehicles enable substantial cost and environmental advantages compared to diesel alternatives (Phadke et al. 2021). Limited charging infrastructure and high initial costs present significant barriers to the adoption of electric freight trucks in South Texas. This paper explores the economic and logistical challenges to electric freight truck adoption in South Texas and discusses the implications for policymakers to consider, including strategies for improving infrastructure, reducing costs, and supporting industry adoption. Solving the challenges of infrastructure and technological advancement is crucial for realizing the full potential of electric freight in South Texas, both operationally and economically. This paper highlights the need for greater coordination among industry leaders, policymakers, and regulators to address these barriers, paving the way for a successful transition and setting a model for future freight transportation. |
| Keywords: | Freight electrification, charging infrastructure, sustainable transportation, electric trucks |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0461 |
| By: | Anastasia Bruni (Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei and Catholic University of Sacred Heart) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the effect of green investments on market power. I measure the market power as markup following the method provided in De Loecker and Warzynski (2012). For green investments, I consider specifically the investments of firms in energy efficient technologies, both as the binary variable and as the continuous variable. This allows the examination of how the presence of such investments as well as their intensity affect markups. I use firm, age, year, sector and country fixed effects with a representative sample of indicatively 12, 000 firms from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS) in the panel from 2016 to 2022. I find the positive and statistically significant relationship that holds also when applying the 2SLS-IV methodology. This study is particularly relevant for firms that are willing to increase their market power and to improve their environmentally friendly image in the eyes of their customers without the need of engaging in greenwashing practices. Instead, the firms are invited to consider energy efficiency investments as a concrete way of improving both their markups and the loyalty of their customers. |
| Keywords: | green investment, markup, market power, instrumental variable |
| JEL: | Q56 L11 D22 C36 O13 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fem:femwpa:2025.05 |
| By: | Onyinye M. Eneh (Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria); Arinze E. Anaege (Kingsley Ozumba Mbadiwe University, Ideato, Nigeria); Iheanyi O. Anyahara (Directorates of Accounting Standards, Financial Reporting Council of Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | The primary aim of businesses, among other goals, is to maximize the wealth of shareholders in the foreseeable future. However, the achievement of this goal is substantially hinged on the organization's ability to operate in a sustainable manner that preserves the ecosystem of its operating environment in addition to the interest and well-being of key stakeholders. This concern remains a central issue globally among scholars, practitioners, and regulators, especially in the global oil and gas sector, where business activities could have a direct and substantial impact on the environment and stakeholders' interests. Considering that Nigeria is a major player in the global oil and gas industry, this study aimed to examine the sustainability disclosure practices of eight (8) oil and gas companies quoted in the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) and the effects of these practices on the performance of the companies. The study employed content analysis using globally recognized disclosure indices such as the GRI to extract sustainability disclosure with a focus on social, economic, and environmental disclosure of oil and gas companies for a period of ten (10) years, from 2014 to 2023. This study concluded that while sustainability disclosures are present, there is room for improvement, particularly in environmental reporting, which could enhance the overall performance and reputation of these companies. The study also provided empirical evidence to support policies and regulations that will promote sustainability in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. |
| Keywords: | sustainability reporting, oil and gas, environmental, economic, social, Nigerian Exchange |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0458 |
| By: | Arega, Tiruwork; Ringler, Claudia |
| Abstract: | There is little evidence on how energy poverty affects rural households in low- and middle-income countries. To address this, the CGIAR NEXUS Gains Initiative developed the Rural Household Energy Insecurity Experiences Scale (RHEIES) and piloted the tool in Ethiopia using in-depth interviews. We find heterogeneous energy insecurity experiences across locations and gender dimensions. |
| Keywords: | rural population; households; energy resources; poverty; economic development; Ethiopia; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:168170 |
| By: | Gulcan Doganay (Department of Economics, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the relationship between economic development, democracy, and carbon emissions in the BRICS + 6 countries, considering the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) Hypothesis. By using the data from 1991 to 2020, it aims to fill the research gap on whether economic development and democratic governance consistently lead to better environmental quality, focusing on carbon emissions as a primary measure. This research is distinctive because it considers the cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity of the countries involved, employing robust regression models to examine the effects of various factors, including GDP, democracy index, and population, on carbon emissions. The study revisits the EKC hypothesis, which suggests an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation, proposing that environmental quality deteriorates up to a certain income level before improving. However, it also explores critiques of the EKC, recognizing that the trajectory of environmental degradation is influenced by more than just income levels—factors such as technological advancement, economic structure, governmental environmental policies, and the level of democracy also play crucial roles. Expected to provide valuable insights for policy formulation, this research highlights the complex interactions between economic devel-opment, democratic governance, and environmental sustainability. It underscores the necessity of integrating democratic processes with economic and environmental planning to foster sustainable development, offering a nu-anced perspective on the dynamics between democracy, income, and environmental quality in the BRICS + 6 countries. |
| Keywords: | EKC Hypothesis, Economic Development, Democracy, Environmental Degradation |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0438 |
| By: | Minh Ha-Duong (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: To analyze the International Atomic Energy Agency's "Milestones" guidebook which provides a framework for developing national nuclear power programs. Methods: Review of the IAEA guidebook and recent nuclear industry reports, using architectural metaphors to explain concepts. Results: The guidebook presents nuclear power development as a system engineering challenge requiring coordinated progress across 19 infrastructure elements through 3 sequential phases over 10-15 years. The systematic approach remains relevant despite dramatic changes in the global energy landscape, where renewables now generate more electricity than nuclear in many markets. Practical implications: For Vietnam, which is considering restarting its nuclear program, the framework helps identify which foundational elements from previous work remain solid and which need reconstruction. Significant updating will be needed across all infrastructure elements to reach Phase 2 readiness for contracting. |
| Abstract: | Résumé structuré en français Objectif: Analyser le guide "Milestones" de l'Agence internationale de l'énergie atomique qui fournit un cadre pour le développement des programmes nucléaires nationaux. Méthode: Revue du guide AIEA et des rapports récents sur l'industrie nucléaire, utilisant des métaphores architecturales pour expliquer les concepts. Résultats: Le guide présente le développement de l'énergie nucléaire comme un défi d'ingénierie système nécessitant des progrès coordonnés à travers 19 éléments d'infrastructure en 3 phases séquentielles sur 10-15 ans. L'approche systématique reste pertinente malgré les changements spectaculaires du paysage énergétique mondial, où les énergies renouvelables produisent maintenant plus d'électricité que le nucléaire sur de nombreux marchés. Implications pratiques: Pour le Vietnam, qui envisage de relancer son programme nucléaire, le cadre aide à identifier quels éléments fondamentaux des travaux précédents restent solides et lesquels nécessitent une reconstruction. Des mises à jour importantes seront nécessaires pour tous les éléments d'infrastructure pour atteindre la Phase 2 de préparation à la contractualisation. |
| Abstract: | Mục đích: Phân tích sổ tay "Các mốc phát triển" của Cơ quan Năng lượng Nguyên tử Quốc tế, cung cấp khung phát triển chương trình điện hạt nhân quốc gia. Phương pháp: Rà soát sổ tay IAEA và các báo cáo gần đây về ngành công nghiệp hạt nhân, sử dụng phép ẩn dụ kiến trúc để giải thích các khái niệm. Kết quả: Sổ tay trình bày việc phát triển điện hạt nhân như một thách thức kỹ thuật hệ thống đòi hỏi tiến độ phối hợp trên 19 yếu tố cơ sở hạ tầng qua 3 giai đoạn tuần tự trong 10-15 năm. Cách tiếp cận có hệ thống vẫn phù hợp mặc dù có những thay đổi lớn trong bối cảnh năng lượng toàn cầu, nơi năng lượng tái tạo hiện đang sản xuất nhiều điện hơn hạt nhân trên nhiều thị trường. Ý nghĩa thực tiễn: Đối với Việt Nam, quốc gia đang xem xét khởi động lại chương trình hạt nhân, khung này giúp xác định những yếu tố nền tảng nào từ công việc trước đây vẫn còn vững chắc và những yếu tố nào cần được xây dựng lại. Cần cập nhật đáng kể trên tất cả các yếu tố cơ sở hạ tầng để đạt được sự sẵn sàng Giai đoạn 2 cho ký kết hợp đồng. |
| Date: | 2024–12–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:ciredw:hal-04816335 |
| By: | Dorothée Brécard; Mireille Chiroleu-Assouline |
| Abstract: | How do environmental information and awareness interact to improve environmental quality by changing consumer behavior and firm strategies? This article provides theoretical insights using an original differentiation model within a general framework whose specific cases have been studied previously. On the demand side, only informed consumers differentiate brown from green product quality, while uninformed consumers consider these perfect substitutes. Moreover, all informed consumers value the green product and devalue the brown product as a result of an aversion effect but are heterogeneous in their environmental awareness. On the supply side, two firms offer different environmental qualities and compete on price. We consider two types of environmental campaigns: one that increases the number of informed consumers and one that increases the environmental awareness of informed consumers. We show that these campaigns crucially determine three market configurations: segmented; fragmented, with a brown product that appeals to both uninformed consumers and a fraction of informed consumers; and covered. Assuming that the greenest consumer behavior is abstention, we find that both campaigns do not always lead to better environmental quality; that is, a situation in which all consumers are informed and some highly environmentally aware is not necessarily the greenest situation. Depending on the aversion effect, the budget of the campaign organizer, and their relative cost-effectiveness, information and awareness-raising campaigns must be carefully combined to achieve the best possible environmental quality. |
| Keywords: | information campaign, NGO campaign, environmental awareness, environmental quality, vertical product differentiation |
| JEL: | D11 D62 D83 L15 Q58 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11628 |
| By: | Monica Barahona-Varon; Toker Doganoglu; Lukasz Grzybowski |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the determinants of individuals’ awareness of EU Energy Labels and the extent to which these labels influence their purchase decisions for electric appliances. The analysis is based on Eurobarometer survey data from 27, 438 individuals across 28 EU Member States in 2019. Specifically, we explore the role of socioeconomic characteristics such as age, gender, education, financial stability, and political engagement. Our findings indicate that individual characteristics have a stronger effect on the influence of labels on purchase decisions than on label awareness. However, significant heterogeneity across countries persists, even after controlling for individual characteristics. Using our model, we perform three exercises in which we assume a policymaker can either increase label awareness among all unaware individuals or target specific demographic groups. We demonstrate the resulting impact on the share of individuals whose purchase decisions are influenced by the labels. The results reveal that, even when label awareness is at its highest level, it does not necessarily lead to substantially greater influence on purchasing decisions in certain countries. |
| Keywords: | European Green Deal, Ecodesign Directive, energy-efficiency |
| JEL: | D12 Q41 Q48 C83 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11637 |
| By: | Akshay Jaitly (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Charmi Mehta (xKDR Forum); Rishika Ranga (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Renuka Sane (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Ajay Shah (xKDR Forum); Karthik Suresh (xKDR Froum) |
| Abstract: | Electricity reform in Tamil Nadu faces many difficulties. One element of this is the problem of regulation. The anticipated behaviour of the regulator in the future constitutes one element of the negative environment which shapes the hesitation of the private sector to invest. In this paper, we bring knowledge from the field of regulatory theory, which has been developed in India over the last 20 years, to shed new light on the problems of electricity regulation in Tamil Nadu. Some of the problems identified here are rooted in the drafting of the Electricity Act, 2003, which cannot be changed by policymakers in Tamil Nadu. However many of the problems can be addressed using policy levers available to policymakers in Tamil Nadu. |
| JEL: | K2 K3 L5 L9 Q4 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anf:wpaper:37 |
| By: | Balazs Istvan Horvath (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Pal Peter Kolozsi (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Marton Varga (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Eszter Baranyai (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Kristof Lehmann (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Adam Banai (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)); Gabor Neszvada (Magyar Nemzeti Bank (the Central Bank of Hungary)) |
| Abstract: | Central banks can play a key role in the change in finance needed for the green transition, but green central bank measures may also have an impact on the general public’s trust in the institution. Trust, in turn, is crucial for central banks to successfully conduct monetary policy. The objective of our study is to examine how this trust may change in response to green central bank measures in Hungary, using an independently conducted survey of 1, 000 adults. Our results indicate that there is potential for some increase and a limited risk of a decrease in trust as a result of green measures. Although most respondents indicated that their trust in the central bank would not change if it took pro-environmental measures, over one third of respondents thought their trust would increase (37 per cent), while the share of those indicating a decline in trust was low (6 per cent). The majority supports the active involvement of the Central Bank of Hungary in the fight against climate change, but only as long as this does not pose risks to the inflation target and the stability of the banking system. We also find that Hungarians tend to worry about climate change and, accordingly, they consider the central bank’s role in environmental sustainability important, but have little knowledge about the tasks of central banks. |
| Keywords: | green transition, public confidence, central bank, monetary policy |
| JEL: | E58 E61 Q54 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mnb:opaper:2025/153 |
| By: | Akshay Jaitly (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Charmi Mehta (xKDR Forum); Rishika Ranga (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Renuka Sane (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Ajay Shah (xKDR Forum); Karthik Suresh (xKDR Forum) |
| Abstract: | Electricity reform in Tamil Nadu faces many difficulties. One element of this is the problem of regulation. The anticipated behaviour of the regulator in the future constitutes one element of the negative environment which shapes the hesitation of the private sector to invest. In this paper, we bring knowledge from the field of regulatory theory, which has been developed in India over the last 20 years, to shed new light on the problems of electricity regulation in Tamil Nadu. Some of the problems identified here are rooted in the drafting of the Electricity Act, 2003, which cannot be changed by policymakers in Tamil Nadu. However many of the problems can be addressed using policy levers available to policymakers in Tamil Nadu. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bjd:wpaper:9 |
| By: | Menéndez de Medina, Maria (RS: GSBE MGSoG, Maastricht Graduate School of Governance); Pietrobelli, Carlo (RS: UNU-MERIT); Valverde Carbonell, Jorge (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn) |
| Abstract: | Minerals' criticality and countries' mining competitiveness are two dimensions that have gained relevance in the economic and policy agenda due to the key role of minerals in the energy transition. To a certain extent, these product-country dimensions can be seen as two faces of the same coin, which intertwine and simultaneously co-determine each other. Therefore, economic complexity techniques appear as a useful methodology to simultaneously estimate both dimensions. This paper employs economic complexity techniques to build an unsupervised Fitness-Criticality algorithm, that allows simultaneously estimating countries' mining competitiveness (Fitness Mining Index) and minerals' criticality (Criticality Minerals Index). Our indexes are efficient in terms of the set of information employed, and do not rely on subjective perspectives and assessments. The results of the estimates suggest that South Africa, Russia, the United States, Norway, Canada, Australia and Chile are the most competitive countries. Moreover, the Platinum Group Metals, Lithium, Silicon and Rare Earths appear as the most critical minerals. These results are consistent with other methodologies employed by different organizations that separately estimate both dimensions and derive countries’ and minerals’ rankings. |
| JEL: | Q30 Q37 O13 |
| Date: | 2023–07–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023025 |
| By: | Odran Bonnet (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE)); Étienne Fize (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Tristan Loisel (Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE)); Lionel Wilner (CREST - Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique - ENSAI - Ecole Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Analyse de l'Information [Bruz] - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - ENSAE Paris - École Nationale de la Statistique et de l'Administration Économique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Compensating agents against substantial and sudden shocks requires both targeting tax policies and taking behavioral responses into account. Based on transaction-level data from France, this article exploits quasi-experimental variation provided by 2022 fuel price inflation and excise tax cuts. After disentangling anticipation from price effects, we estimate a price elasticity of fuel demand of -0.31, on average, which varies little with respect to income and location but substantially decreases with fuel spending, in absolute value. Using targeted transfers only achieves imperfect compensation, yet a budget-constrained policy-maker seeking to alleviate excessive losses relative to income prefers income-based transfers to price subsidies. |
| Keywords: | Commodity taxation, Excise fuel tax, Tax-and-transfer schemes, Gasoline price elasticity, Anticipatory behavior, Transaction-level data |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04799412 |
| By: | Antoine Bouët (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Erica Perego (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Vincent Vicard (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique); Mathieu Fouquet (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Alexandre Godzinski (Commissariat général au développement durable - Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement durable et du Transport); Frédéric Ghersi (CIRED - Centre International de Recherche sur l'Environnement et le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AgroParisTech - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - Université Paris-Saclay - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sébastien Jean (LIRSA - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire de recherche en sciences de l'action - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM]); William l'Heudé (Direction Générale du Trésor); Vincent Aussilloux (France Stratégie); Romain Schweizer (France Stratégie); Christophe C. Gouel (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, UMR PSAE - Paris-Saclay Applied Economics - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Paul Malliet (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po); François Langot (CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, GAINS - Groupe d'Analyse des Itinéraires et des Niveaux Salariaux - UM - Le Mans Université); Aude Pommeret (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] - Université Savoie Mont Blanc, France Stratégie); Fabien Tripier (Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, CEPREMAP - Centre pour la recherche économique et ses applications - ECO ENS-PSL - Département d'économie de l'ENS-PSL - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, LEDa - Laboratoire d'Economie de Dauphine - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | Les conséquences économiques et environnementales des politiques françaises de transition énergétique doivent s'envisager dans le cadre d'une économie ouverte. Tout d'abord, le rythme des efforts et les modalités de la décarbonation de l'activité économique sont en partie dictés au niveau européen, comme dans le cas du marché de quotas d'émission pour les industries hautement émissives. Mais surtout, l'Accord de Paris inscrit l'effort français au sein d'une variété d'engagements nationaux de décarbonation, tant en termes d'ambition que d'instruments mis en œuvre pour y parvenir. Cette diversité des efforts et instruments au niveau international contribue à déterminer les effets économiques des choix faits en matière de politiques climatiques adoptées au niveau européen et français. Ce rapport propose un tour d'horizon synthétique de cette dimension internationale des politiques de transition énergétique. En dépit d'éléments communs, notamment leur objectif final de réduction de l'empreinte carbone de l'activité économique, les politiques climatiques des différents pays sont hétérogènes, qu'il s'agisse de leur ambition – à savoir le niveau de leurs engagements en termes de décarbonation – ou des politiques (prix, réglementations, subventions ou crédits d'impôt) mises en œuvre. Il est dès lors illusoire de tenter de réduire les effets de cette hétérogénéité à une métrique commune de l'effort de chaque pays, comme le serait un équivalent prix des mesures réglementaires ou incitatives en place dans les différents pays. |
| Keywords: | changement climatique, Compétitivité, Transition Energétique, Politique environmentale |
| Date: | 2023–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04248556 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Rabellotti, Roberta |
| Abstract: | This paper is based on a review of the literature that brings together GVCs, green and digital transformations. Or to be more precise, the analysis is based on three main components: (a) the greening of GVCs and environmental upgrading; (b) the digital transformation of manufacturing GVCs and (c) an initial exploration of the green and digital joint transformations in GVCs. The aim is to provide a framework bringing together environmental upgrading and digital technologies in manufacturing GVCs. We find that the greening of the global value chains in manufacturing industries unfold in analytically separable steps: a) new patterns of demand preferences and consumer behaviours, b) new green strategies by lead firms and global buyers and c) enforcement of environmental standards and associated patterns of upgrading and downgrading across global supply bases. Digitalization in manufacturing GVCs have differentiated effects across the Global South. The importation and adoption of advanced digital technologies is still limited to a small number of countries (the so-called emerging economies) and their production at any scale is limited to an even smaller set of advanced economies plus China. Across most of the Global South, adoption rates of smart manufacturing and service technologies as well new technologies for data processing and analysis are very low and many firms still face challenges with adopting much older manufacturing and service technologies. Still very little is known about the extent to which key enabling digital technologies support the process of environmental upgrading in the Global South firms that are inserted into GVCs. This is because these techno-institutional waves are still concentrated geographically and the full extent of the ramifications across the Global South remains to be seen. This also means that synergy-creation is challenging. The small pool of literature identified for this study suggests that potentials are mainly limited to certain digital technologies and specific types of environmental upgrading. These insights are anyhow useful because they may help to early direct the efforts of policymakers towards the more likely opportunities. |
| JEL: | F18 L23 L60 O33 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023013 |
| By: | Stéphane Gauthier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Fanny Henriet (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We consider optimal anonymous consumption taxes in situations where the magnitude of an externality varies with individuals who cause it. For instance, urban fuel consumers generate greater pollution damages compared to rural consumers, but both groups are subjected to the same fuel tax. We provide a condition for the validity of the targeting principle, where external concerns are only addressed through the tax imposed on the commodity responsible for the externality. When this condition holds, one can separate the equity/efficiency and environmental components of this tax. An illustration suggests that Pigovian considerations explain most of the fuel tax in France. |
| Keywords: | Targeting principle, Local externality, Pollution, Pigovian tax, Consumption taxes, Fuel, Budget de famille |
| Date: | 2023–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-04331432 |
| By: | Steven Poelhekke (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Tinbergen Institute) |
| Abstract: | The economy is traditionally human-centered and has given too little consideration to plants, animals, climate, and nature in general. What should the economy do to become `green'? Changing people's social norms would be ideal but is hard to achieve. Second best is to regulate and constrain the economy through taxes, subsidies, standards, and redistribution. However, setting these to the `right' level is challenging and must address how much humans care about nature, the desire to retain the benefits of economic growth, and the political feasibility of implementing national and international policies that accelerate the transition to a green economy. |
| Keywords: | green economy, climate change, social norms, climate policy, redistribution |
| JEL: | Q5 |
| Date: | 2024–11–03 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20240064 |
| By: | Dom Kandpinijsha (Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand) |
| Abstract: | Within the global value chain, firms' ability to generate economic rents—additional profits above baseline returns—is crucial to their competitiveness, with state-allocated exogenous rents also shaping industry structure. This research examines rent dynamics in the Thai automotive industry, focusing on the interplay between policy rents and GVC rents. It traces these dynamics along the evolving path from the inception of the automotive industry in Thailand to the ongoing disruptive transition to new energy vehicles (NEVs), which accentuates the established configuration of power and interests across the industry. Findings indicate that: 1) local firms occupy subordinate roles throughout the development trajectory due to a lack of policy rents specifically targeting the effective enhancement of indigenous productive competencies; 2) when an industry has matured with established positions within the value chain, stakeholders endowed with significant rents stand to capture more benefits from policy rents, especially during transitional phases; 3) as local firms are not encouraged to proactively accumulate technological rents, they resort to seeking non-productive rents as opportunities permit. This research underscores how the interaction between state policy and foreign investment influences the architecture of the Thai automotive industry, offering insights into broader economic effects in emerging economies. |
| Keywords: | economic rents, industrial policy, global value chain (GVC), foreign direct investment (FDI), automotive industry, NEV transition |
| Date: | 2024–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:smo:raiswp:0475 |
| By: | RUEDA CANTUCHE Jose Manuel (European Commission - JRC); LOPEZ ALVAREZ Jorge (European Commission - JRC); PEDAUGA Luis (European Commission - JRC); CATALAN PIERA Alba (European Commission - JRC); MARQUES SANTOS Anabela (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The EU’s commitment to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels affects the employment of certain economic activities, such as the coal based industries and other upstream activities in EU territories. Future policy interventions to counter-balance the negative effects of decarbonisation on employment need to ensure appropriate alternatives in those regions that can be most potentially affected by the coal transition, either directly or indirectly. At national level, in 2017, there were 430, 000 jobs that were directly or indirectly associated to coal production and coal-fired power plants in the EU, of which 46% were located in Poland, followed by Czechia and Romania. At regional level, the Silesian region in Poland hosted close to 90, 000 jobs associated to coal based activities, followed by the Romanian South-West Oltenia and other regions in Czechia (North-West). Our results identify those regions potentially most affected by ceasing coal based activities in the EU, also taking into account upstream employment effects in other regions and industries. Our results could help the design of the upcoming “Industrial Decarbonisation Accelerator Act” aiming to decarbonise European industry, informing policy measures that could ensure fossil fuel use reduction, and the creation of new job opportunities in the territories negatively affected by the transition. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc139404 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Rabellotti, Roberta |
| Abstract: | The green transformation has profound implications for the global economy and, hence, for the prospects for latecomer development. In this paper we review the insights derived from case studies of developing countries’ green technology experience. We conduct a systematic literature review covering seven key technologies. This allows us to examine whether the green economy offers new opportunities for latecomer development and their ability to seize these opportunities. To understand how developing countries’ capacities to exploit these opportunities differ across cases, we focus on sectoral systems and, particularly, on (a) preconditions allowing exploitation of these opportunities, and (b) strategic responses of public and private actors in this respect. We identify four different scenarios: (1) effective opportunity exploitation; (2) missed opportunities; (3) active approach; and (4) distant opportunities. We conclude by assessing the options for policy to support developing countries in their efforts to encourage green development strategies, focusing on both the provision and augmentation of opportunities and construction of the requisite sectoral production and innovation systems. |
| JEL: | O14 O33 O38 Q55 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–04–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023012 |
| By: | Ibadoghlu, Gubad |
| Abstract: | The financial sustainability of the State Oil Fund of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ) is entering a critical phase, shaped by both domestic and international economic shifts. With Donald Trump’s return to power in the United States, significant changes in domestic and foreign policy are reshaping global markets, particularly in the energy and securities sectors. These transformations have direct implications for SOFAZ’s revenue streams, expenditure framework, and long-term financial stability. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of SOFAZ’s fiscal landscape, evaluating key revenue sources, spending patterns, and sustainability risks. It examines the impact of declining oil production, shifting commodity prices, and geopolitical uncertainties on SOFAZ’s financial trajectory. Additionally, the study assesses how increasing budgetary transfers, market volatility, and investment strategies influence the Fund’s ability to navigate economic uncertainties. By integrating these factors, this research offers a forward-looking perspective on SOFAZ’s future financial management and strategic adjustments, contributing to broader discussions on oil wealth governance and economic stability in Azerbaijan. |
| Keywords: | Azerbaijan, SOFAZ, oil price, revenue, expenditure, financial management, geopolitical uncertainties, budgetary transfers, market volatility, investment strategies, wealth governance, economic stability |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:310919 |
| By: | Simone Serafini; Giacomo Bormetti |
| Abstract: | Leveraging a unique dataset of carbon futures option prices traded on the ICE market from December 2015 until December 2020, we present the results from an unprecedented calibration exercise. Within a multifactor stochastic volatility framework with jumps, we employ a three-dimensional pricing kernel compensating for equity and variance components' risk to derive an analytically tractable and numerically practical approach to pricing. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to provide an estimate of the equity and variance risk premia for the carbon futures option market. We gain insights into daily option and futures dynamics by exploiting the information from tick-by-tick futures trade data. Decomposing the realized measure of futures volatility into continuous and jump components, we employ them as auxiliary variables for estimating futures dynamics via indirect inference. Our approach provides a realistic description of carbon futures price, volatility, and jump dynamics and an insightful understanding of the carbon option market. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.17490 |
| By: | Diego S. Cardoso; Stephen W. Salant; Julien Daubanes; Julien Xavier Daubanes |
| Abstract: | To reduce funds for Russia’s Ukraine invasion, Western governments imposed a price ceiling on Russian seaborne oil exports using Western services. To sell above that ceiling, Russia developed a “shadow fleet” which uses no such services. We use a calibrated model driven by this fleet’s expansion to assess various sanctions. While all sanctions reduce the present value of Russia’s profits, we find that the tighter the ceiling and the tighter the enforcement, the less harm sanctions impose, contradicting conventional wisdom based on Hotelling lemma. However, policies to reduce the shadow fleet’s size may increase the sanction’s effectiveness. |
| Keywords: | economic warfare, sanctions evasion, Hotelling’s lemma |
| JEL: | D04 L51 Q41 |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11618 |
| By: | Lema, Rasmus (RS: GSBE other - not theme-related research, Mt Economic Research Inst on Innov/Techn); Perez, Carlota |
| Abstract: | Green is now emerging, albeit not fast enough, as a new direction shaping innovation, investment and lifestyles. Indeed, the requirements of the green transformation give rise to the emergence of entirely new technologies, and it changes the parameters of competitiveness across industry, agriculture and services. These changes have profound implications for latecomer development, both positive and negative. The identification of strategies for seizing opportunities and overcoming challenges in the green economy is a central concern for policy makers and business managers alike. We argue that the theoretical framework of techno-economic paradigms shifts is particularly useful for understanding the dynamics of large-scale transformation and its associated institutional change. To fully grasp the nature of the green transformation, it is necessary to take a step back and locate it in relation to the history of technological revolutions and their regular patterns of diffusion. In this respect, we argue that the ongoing debate about the green transformation and latecomer development must consider two key conditions. First, it must recognize that the green transformation is primarily a direction-driven phenomenon, shaped by aspirational, political, and institutional changes, rather than a technology-driven phenomenon per se. Second, it must acknowledge the potential of information and communication technology (ICT) not only to accelerate and deepen the green transition itself but also to foster latecomer development within it. |
| JEL: | O44 Q55 O38 O33 |
| Date: | 2024–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2024001 |
| By: | Luca Vincenzo Ballestra; Christian Tezza |
| Abstract: | We present a new model for commodity pricing that enhances accuracy by integrating four distinct risk factors: spot price, stochastic volatility, convenience yield, and stochastic interest rates. While the influence of these four variables on commodity futures prices is well recognized, their combined effect has not been addressed in the existing literature. We fill this gap by proposing a model that effectively captures key stylized facts including a dynamic correlation structure and time-varying risk premiums. Using a Kalman filter-based framework, we achieve simultaneous estimation of parameters while filtering state variables through the joint term structure of futures prices and bond yields. We perform an empirical analysis focusing on crude oil futures, where we benchmark our model against established approaches. The results demonstrate that the proposed four-factor model effectively captures the complexities of futures term structures and outperforms existing models. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.15596 |
| By: | Lucas Chancel (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CRIS - Centre de recherche sur les inégalités sociales (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Harvard University, WIL - World Inequality Lab); Philipp Bothe (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, WIL - World Inequality Lab); Tancrède Voituriez (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris) |
| Abstract: | The triple climate inequality crisis, or in contributions, impacts and capacity to act within and between countries, is a central issue in addressing climate change. This Comment advocates for progressive wealth taxation as a viable solution to the finance gap. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Inequality, Taxation |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-04385157 |
| By: | Joseph Ikechukwu Uduji (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Elda Nduka Okolo-Obasi (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Joy Ukamaka Uduji (Enugu State, Nigeria); Steven Emeka Emengini (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Longinus Chukwudi Odoh (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Deborah Patience Okoro (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria); Chikodili Nkiruka Okafor (University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the multinational oil companies’ (MOCs) corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in Nigeria. Its special focus is to investigate the impact of the global memorandum of understanding (GMoU) on improving gender responsiveness of cassava value chain in Niger Delta regions of Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopts a survey research technique, aimed at gathering information from a representative sample of the population, as it is essentially cross-sectional, describing and interpreting the current situation. A total of 780 rural women respondents were sampled across the Niger Delta region. Findings – The results from the use of a combined logit model and propensity score matching indicate that CSR of the MOCs using GMoU model has recorded little but significant success in enhancing rural women participation in the cassava value chain in the Niger Delta. Practical implications - This implies that if CSR interventions are not tailored to enhance opportunities for women, they may contribute towards reducing the participation of women in economic, political and social development and, by extension, damping efforts of reducing poverty and achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the Niger Delta. Social implications – This suggests that MOCs’ CSR interventions in the cassava value chain should consider gender relations to benefit men and women and alleviate household poverty. Originality/value – This research contributes to the inequality debate in the agrifood value chain and inclusive growth literature from the CSR perspective in developing countries and the rationale for demand for social projects by host communities. It concludes that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern. |
| Keywords: | Gender, cassava value chain, corporate social responsibility, multinational oil companies, sub-Saharan Africa |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:24/015 |
| By: | Dimitri J. Papageorgiou |
| Abstract: | There are numerous industrial settings in which a decision maker must decide whether to enter into long-term contracts to guarantee price (and hence cash flow) stability or to participate in more volatile spot markets. In this paper, we investigate a data-driven distributionally robust optimization (DRO) approach aimed at balancing this tradeoff. Unlike traditional risk-neutral stochastic optimization models that assume the underlying probability distribution generating the data is known, DRO models assume the distribution belongs to a family of possible distributions, thus providing a degree of immunization against unseen and potential worst-case outcomes. We compare and contrast the performance of a risk-neutral model, conditional value-at-risk formulation, and a Wasserstein distributionally robust model to demonstrate the potential benefits of a DRO approach for an ``elasticity-aware'' price-taking decision maker. |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2501.15340 |
| By: | Fusillo, Fabrizio; Nenci, Silvia; Pietrobelli, Carlo (RS: UNU-MERIT); Quatraro, F. |
| Abstract: | Although evolutionary economics has extensively analyzed the evolution of industries in relation to innovation and technology lifecycles, the interplay between industry lifecycles and evolutionary patterns of knowledge networks has not been fully explored yet. This work aims to bridge this gap by analyzing the co-evolutionary patterns of knowledge and trade flows in the mining industry, using social network tools in combination with the Schumpeterian tradition of analysis. The study focuses on three Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, and Peru, where the mining sector plays a significant role in the economy, particularly in the context of energy and digital transitions. Our findings suggest that the innovation network and the global value chain-trade network display divergent co-evolutionary patterns: while the former tends to be stable and concentrated, the latter shows increasing fragmentation and turbulence. The analysis also shows remarkable evolutionary evidence at the country level. |
| JEL: | L10 L72 O30 F14 N56 |
| Date: | 2023–10–27 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2023037 |
| By: | Jan Fagerberg (Centre for Technology, Innovation and Culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway. Department of Food and Resource Economics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark) |
| Abstract: | The concern about the current generation’s overuse of the earth’s resources, at the expense of the well-being of future generations, is not new. Already half a century ago, there was a very vivid debate about this issue. A thorough assessment was made in 1975 by the Romanian-American scholar Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen in an article entitled “Energy and Economic Myths”, commonly acknowledged as one of the main sources of inspiration of the so-called “degrowth” literature. However, it is argued that it would be a misunderstanding to see Georgescu-Roegen as an advocate of “degrowth” (or alternatively a stationary economy) as appropriate strategies to save mankind from environmental and resource challenges. Georgescu-Roegen’s advice was not to stop economic development, or advocate for harsh sacrifices by those living today. Rather what he suggested was to overhaul the working of the global economy (and the policies associated with it) so that the world becomes a more equitable place, nature (threatened species) is better protected (to our own benefit), and the harm to future generations becomes as small as possible. A key element in making this possible, according to Georgescu-Roegen, was transitioning from a fossil-fuel driven to a solar-powered economy. It is argued that Georgescu-Roegen’s approach (and program) is indeed very relevant for contemporary discussions of how to deal with important challenges facing both the present and, not the least, future generations. |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tik:inowpp:20250210 |
| By: | Nicolas Astier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Laurent Bach (ESSEC Business School, IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Paul Dutronc-Postel (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Arthur Guillouzouic (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques); Hélène Ollivier (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Rachel Paya (IPP - Institut des politiques publiques, ESSEC Business School) |
| Abstract: | Ce projet documente et analyse l'impact des aides à la décarbonation sur trois volets : le ciblage et le recours aux aides du plan France Relance, les effets économiques et environnementaux des précédentes vagues d'aides à la décarbonation et en particulier du Fonds Chaleur administré par l'Ademe, et les premiers effets rétrospectifs des impacts économiques des aides à la décarbonation du plan France Relance. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-04440676 |
| By: | Hennicke, Peter |
| Abstract: | Mitte Oktober 2024 veröffentlichten das Wuppertal Institut und der Club of Rome ihr Buch "Earth for All Deutschland - Aufbruch in eine Zukunft für Alle". Darin präsentieren sie Vorschläge, wie Umweltkrisen überwunden und gleichzeitig Demokratie und Wohlstand gesichert werden können. Denn: Die Herausforderungen sollten nicht isoliert betrachtet werden, sondern die dafür notwendigen Lösungsbausteine können sich positiv ergänzen und gegenseitig verstärken. Im Buch beleuchten die Autor*innen sechs ineinandergreifende Wenden, die für einen gesellschaftlichen Wandel am ausschlaggebendsten sein werden: die Überwindung von Armut, den Abbau von Ungleichheit, einen anderen Umgang mit Ressourcen, die Förderung von Empowerment, eine nachhaltige Ernährung und das Vorantreiben der Energiewende. Mit diesem Wuppertal Paper legt Peter Hennicke, Mitglied des Club of Rome und Senior Advisor am Wuppertal Institut, einen Deep Dive speziell zur Energiewende vor. Darin betont er besonders die notwendige Kombination der drei Säulen Effizienz, Konsistenz und Suffizienz, die für eine nachhaltige Klima- und Energiepolitik essentiell sind. Hennicke umreißt dazu zunächst die kontroverse Geschichte der deutschen Energiewende seit den 1980er Jahren. Auf dieser Basis widmet er sich aktuellen und zu erwartenden Interessenkonflikten sowie bestehenden Pfadabhängigkeiten - etwa der Abhängigkeit des Verkehrssektors von fossilen Energien - und skizziert Politikmaßnahmen, mit denen sich diese auflösen lassen. Demgegenüber stellt er ein Szenario des "Weiter so", in dem die dringend benötigte sozial-ökologische Transformation nicht entschlossen genug vorangetrieben wird, und beschreibt die absehbar gravierenden Folgen für Wirtschaft, Umwelt und Gesellschaft. Anschließend geht Hennicke auf die Finanzierbarkeit und die gesellschaftliche Umsetzbarkeit der gleichzeitigen Durchführung aller sechs Kehrtwenden ein und erläutert, was die Wissenschaft tun kann, um die Politik dabei zu unterstützen und ihr die dafür notwendige breite Wissensbasis zur Verfügung zu stellen. |
| Date: | 2025 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wuppap:310319 |