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on Energy Economics |
| By: | Lyu, Chenyan (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Jamasb, Tooraj (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School); Spanholtz, Jan Peter Georg (Department of Economics, Copenhagen Business School) |
| Abstract: | The 2021 energy crisis comes at an inconvenient time for the green transition agenda and can affect disposable income, unemployment and inflation. This paper discusses the likely effects and implications for energy networks and policy. The economic principals behind the crisis may seem intractable, but they are familiar. A combination of known factors has caused the crisis. Europe is dependent on gas imports and a shortage of supplies has contributed to rising gas and electricity prices. The low-price elasticity of energy demand and supply makes them susceptible to price volatility even with modest quantity shocks. Higher CO2 abatement costs, has forced some firms to increase their reliance on natural gas, which in turn drives up the gas prices. The crisis has brought forward the need for some overdue measures and policies including a more robust transition management, new transmission capacity, more storage, balance of contract types, and network regulation models. |
| Keywords: | Natural gas; Carbon price; Economic recovery; Integrated energy markets |
| JEL: | Q30 Q41 R11 |
| Date: | 2021–10–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:cbsnow:2021_016&r= |
| By: | Wendler, Tobias; Töbelmann, Daniel; Günther, Jutta |
| JEL: | Q01 Q55 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242416&r= |
| By: | Singhal, Puja; Hobbs, Andrew |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the long-term distribution of energy-efficiency outcomes in the German residential sector. To uncover the underlying energy efficiency of buildings, we estimate the causal response of building-level heat energy demand to variability in heating degree days. We examine heterogeneity in temperature response using both panel fixed-effects and causal forests. Our results suggest that the distribution of energy-efficiency is not equitable in the West of Germany, with buildings located in the South attaining the best energy performance standards. Although the housing stock in the East is significantly older and thus less subject to building standards, they perform better than the West counterpart, likely as a result of large investments in retrofitting post-reunification. Finally, we show that the regional distribution of energy-efficiency reflects differences in heating needs - thus, the poorer energy performance of buildings in the North-West should be weighed against the warmer climatic zone. |
| Keywords: | Heat Demand,Energy Efficiency,Targeting,Regional Distribution,Climate Change |
| JEL: | H23 Q52 Q48 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242343&r= |
| By: | Ivan Faiella (Bank of Italy); Luciano Lavecchia (Bank of Italy); Alessandro Mistretta (Bank of Italy); Valentina Michelangeli (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | This study presents a novel methodological framework for assessing the exposure of the Italian financial system to climate policy risks, using a micro-founded approach. By combining survey and administrative data with energy accounts and energy prices, we estimate the energy demand elasticity of Italian households and firms at the micro-level and we use this information to simulate the effects of four one-off carbon taxes (corresponding to €50, €100, €200 and €800 per ton of CO2) on their income and profits. To compute if (and how) carbon taxes might affect the share of financially vulnerable agents and the debt at risk, these estimates are used as an input for the microsimulation models used to monitor financial stability at the Bank of Italy. According to our results, a level of carbon taxation within the range of €50-200 per ton does not have a sizeable effect on the share of financially vulnerable agents. The micro approach allows us to take into account the heterogeneous transmission channels of climate risks and indicates that the financial risks stemming from climate shocks are limited overall and specific to individual households and industries. |
| Keywords: | climate change, carbon tax, climate stress test, financial vulnerability |
| JEL: | Q41 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:opques:qef_639_21&r= |
| By: | Bernardino Adão; Borghan Narajabad; Ted Temzelides |
| Abstract: | We develop a dynamic general equilibrium integrated assessment model that incorporates scrapping costs due to new technology adoption in renewable energy as well as externalities associated with carbon emissions and renewable technology spillovers. We use world economy data to calibrate our model and investigate the effects of the scrapping channel on renewable energy adoption and on the optimal energy transition. Our calibrated model implies several interesting connections between scrapping costs, the two externalities, policy, and welfare. We investigate the relative effectiveness of two policy instruments-Pigouvian carbon taxes and policies that internalize spillover effects-in isolation as well as in tandem. Our findings suggest that scrapping costs are of quantitative importance for technology adoption and the energy transition. The two policy instruments are better thought of as complements rather than substitutes. |
| JEL: | H21 O14 O33 Q54 Q55 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ptu:wpaper:w202111&r= |
| By: | Olatunji A. Shobande (University of Aberdeen, UK); Simplice A. Asongu (Yaoundé, Cameroon) |
| Abstract: | Purpose – This paper provides an analysis of the energy-carbon Kuznets curve hypothesis (CKC) using a second-generation panel methodology. Design/methodology/approach – Specifically, we investigate whether energy consumption, natural resources, and governance explain the CKC proposition. Our empirical strategy is based on the Westerlund panel cointegration test, augmented mean group (AMG), and vector autoregressive (VAR) panel Granger-causality tests. Findings – The results suggest that the CKC hypothesis is incomplete without these mechanisms, as they play a critical role in reducing carbon emissions in Africa. We recommend improving the environmental standards and proper regulatory and monitoring systems to reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable development in the continent. Originality/value –The study revisits the CKC hypothesis with particular emphasis on governance and more robust empirical estimation techniques. |
| Keywords: | carbon cuts; Energy consumption; Governance; Climate crisis; Panel analysis; Africa |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exs:wpaper:21/069&r= |
| By: | Böhringer, Christoph; Rivers, Nic; Fischer, Carolyn |
| JEL: | H23 D21 D58 Q48 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242431&r= |
| By: | Roolfs, Christina; Gaitan Soto, Beatriz; Edenhofer, Ottmar; Lessmann, Kai |
| JEL: | H77 H23 Q58 H87 H62 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242381&r= |
| By: | Yingdan Mei; Li Gao; Wendong Zhang (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD)); Feng-An Yang |
| Abstract: | Coal-fired power plants are among the biggest air polluters both in China and globally. In 2013, China launched a pilot project to switch its power plants from coal to natural gas to curb coal-fired plants' detrimental effects on air quality. Debates about this policy mainly invoke the costs, but no study examines whether the change led to cleaner air and associated economic benefits. This article provides the first causal estimate of the capitalization effect of coal-to-gas conversion on housing prices. We estimate a triple difference model using housing transaction data from 2011 to 2015 and administrative data on all power plants in Beijing. Our results, although marginally significant, show that coal-to-gas conversion leads to a positive price premium of 11% for nearby properties. We provide suggestive evidence that our findings of positive price premiums are likely attributable to the reduction in air pollutants following the coal-to-gas switch, including a 4.9% reduction in particulate matter and 5.2% decrease in SO2. |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:21-wp625&r= |
| By: | Bernard, René; Tzamourani, Panagiota; Weber, Michael |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the causal effect of providing information about climate change on individuals' willingness to pay to offset CO2 emissions in a randomized control trial. Individuals that receive truthful information aboutways to reduce CO2 emissions increase their willingness to pay for CO2 offsetting relative to the control group in a within individual research design. Individuals receiving information about the behavior of peers react similarly to those receiving information about scientific research. Individuals' responses vary depending on their sociodemographic characteristics and also along a rich set of attitudes and concerns regarding climate change. In a follow up survey, we study the endogenous information acquisition of survey participants and show that individuals choose information that aligns with their prior beliefs. Individuals who choose to receive information about climate change have a higher willingness to to pay. |
| Keywords: | climate change,information treatment,willingness to pay,C02 compensation,information acquisition |
| JEL: | D10 D83 D91 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242592&r= |
| By: | Sheng, Di |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods, Health Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:314071&r= |
| By: | Böhringer, Christoph; Peterson, Sonja; Rutherford, Thomas F.; Schneider, Jan; Winkler, Malte |
| JEL: | D58 H23 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242408&r= |
| By: | Alessandro Moro (Bank of Italy) |
| Abstract: | Climate change poses severe challenges to economic growth and financial stability, especially in developing countries with a more carbon-intensive economy and a greater exposure to climate-related damages. This paper proposes a simple model in which an emerging open economy, characterised by the presence of a carbon-intensive and green industry, imposes a tax on the interest paid by brown corporate bonds to foreign investors with the aim of redirecting capital to the green industry and reducing the negative environmental externality of brown firms. In this framework, capital controls have two opposite effects. On one hand, a higher tax rate has a direct negative impact on production, since it discourages capital inflows to carbon-intensive firms, thereby reducing their output. On the other hand, capital controls have an indirect positive effect through the reduction of the negative environmental externality of the carbon-intensive sector. Moreover, the analysis reveals that the optimal inflow tax is an increasing function of climate-related damage and a decreasing function of foreign and domestic investors’ environmental preferences. |
| Keywords: | open economy, capital controls, green investments, climate change economics. |
| JEL: | F21 F32 F50 F64 Q50 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdi:wptemi:td_1348_21&r= |
| By: | Lundin, Erik (Research Institute of Industrial Economics (IFN)) |
| Abstract: | I evaluate the effect of the 2011 Swedish electricity market splitting reform on the allocation of wind power, exploiting a unique data set of all Swedish applications for wind power since 2003. By comparing investments in each price zone before and after the reform using a difference-in-differences (DiD) estimator, I find that 18 percent of all projects constructed by large firms after the reform were allocated to the high price zone due to the reform. This effect is not driven by geographic differences in approval rates, suggesting that the estimated effect also reflects investor preferences. <p> Small, sometimes locally owned firms, did not react to the reform. A likely reason is that the locational choice set of small firms usually only include one of the price zones. A triple differences estimator using small firms as a control group, and a nearest neighbor matching estimator comparing areas with similar prerequisites for wind power, largely confirm the main DiD results. However, due to the comparatively few applications submitted prior to the announcement of the reform, the parallel trends assumption cannot be entirely verified, suggesting that results should be interpreted with care. |
| Keywords: | Electricity market design; Zonal market; Electricity market integration; Spatial price dispersion; Wind power; Wholesale electricity market; Nord Pool |
| JEL: | D22 D47 Q21 Q48 |
| Date: | 2021–10–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:1412&r= |
| By: | Michele Fioretti (ECON - Département d'économie (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jorge Tamayo (Harvard Business School - Harvard University [Cambridge]) |
| Abstract: | Renewable generation creates a tradeoff between current and future energy production as generators produce energy by releasing previously stored resources. Studying the Colombian market, we find that diversified firms strategically substitute fossil fuels for hydropower before droughts. This substitution mitigates the surge in market prices due to the lower hydropower capacity available during dry periods. Diversification can increase prices, instead, if it results from mergers steepening a firm's residual demand. Thus, integrating production technologies within firms can smooth the clean-energy transition by offsetting higher prices during scarcity periods if the unaffected technologies help store renewables more than exercise market power. |
| Keywords: | Energy transition,Renewables,Hydropower generation,Diversified production technologies,Energy storage,Wholesale electricity markets |
| Date: | 2021–08–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03389152&r= |
| By: | Hodur, Nancy M.; Bangsund, Dean A. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–10–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:nddaae:314930&r= |
| By: | Sanghamitra Mukherjee |
| Abstract: | This work studies the role of socio-economic and geospatial factors in shaping battery electric vehicle adoption for the case study of Ireland. It provides new insights on the level and timing of likely adoption at scale using a Bass diffusion model combined with a spatial model. The Bass model demonstrates that a country like Ireland may experience peak sales between 2025 and 2030 given current trends, reaching overall uptake levels that are not commensurate with current policy goals, whilst also potentially creating gulfs in regional take-up. The key conclusion from the spatial analysis is that location matters for uptake, through various channels that help or hinder adoption such as resources, information, and policy. Additional investment in public charging infrastructure facilities may also be needed as gaps in coverage exist, especially in rural areas to the West and South-West of the country. Although Ireland enjoys good network coverage overall, this study suggests that more charge points may be needed in some counties and Dublin city and suburbia where the number of charge points is currently disproportionate to a minimum network coverage comparable with the land area, population size, number of private vehicle owners, and travel behaviour. As the urgency for climate action intensifies in the coming decade, our spatio-temporal approach to studying uptake will not only help meet Ireland’s socio-ecological vision for the future, but also provide insights and strategies for comparable countries that are similarly placed in terms of electric vehicle adoption. |
| Keywords: | Battery electric vehicle adoption; Spatial analysis; Consumer behaviour; Bass diffusion model; Ireland |
| JEL: | D1 D9 O3 Q4 |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucn:wpaper:10197/12560&r= |
| By: | Pillai, Arya; Curtis, John; Tovar Reanos, Miguel |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp705&r= |
| By: | Charles W. Calomiris; Harry Mamaysky; Nida Çakır Melek |
| Abstract: | We study the performance of many traditional and novel, text-based variables for in-sample and out-of-sample forecasting of oil spot, futures, and energy company stock returns, and changes in oil volatility, production, and inventories. After controlling for small-sample biases, we find evidence of in-sample predictability. Our text measures, derived using energy news articles, hold their own against traditional variables. While we cannot identify ex-ante rules for selecting successful out-of-sample forecasters, an analysis of all possible two-variable models reveals out-of-sample performance above that expected under random variation. Our findings provide new directions for identifying robust forecasting models for oil markets, and beyond. |
| JEL: | C52 G10 G12 G14 G17 Q47 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:29379&r= |
| By: | Jiqian Wang (School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China); Rangan Gupta (Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa); Oguzhan Cepni (Copenhagen Business School, Department of Economics, Porcelaenshaven 16A, Frederiksberg DK-2000, Denmark; Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Haci Bayram Mah. Istiklal Cad. No:10 06050, Ankara, Turkey); Feng Ma (School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China) |
| Abstract: | We forecast realized variance (RV) of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) for ten leading markets and regions, derived from 5-minutes-interval intraday data, based on the information content of two alternative metrics of daily oil-price uncertainty. Based on the period of the analysis covering January 2008 to July 2020, and using variants of the popular MIDAS-RV model, augmented to include oil market uncertainties, captured by its RV (also derived from 5-minute intraday data) and implied volatility (i.e., the oil VIX), we report evidence of significant statistical and economic gains in the forecasting performance. The result is robust to the size of the forecasting samples, including that of the COVID-19 period, jump risks, lag-length, nonlinearities, and asymmetric effects, and forecast horizon. Our results have important implications for investors and policymakers. |
| Keywords: | REITs, International data, Realized volatility, Oil-Price Uncertainty, Forecasting |
| JEL: | C22 C53 G15 Q02 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pre:wpaper:202173&r= |
| By: | Gupta, Disha |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:313922&r= |
| By: | Grégoire Garsous |
| Abstract: | Understanding consumption-based emissions from Agriculture, Forestry and Land-use (AFOLU) activities is important in developing climate policy for the sector. This paper proposes a new methodology to construct indicators – CBAFOLU indicators ‒ to provide estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from AFOLU activities (including fisheries) in the global supply chain of finished products. The CBAFOLU indicators identify the countries where emissions are generated and the countries where the goods that “embody” these emissions are eventually consumed. CBAFOLU indicators are provided for bilateral flows of emissions for 65 countries over 2005-15. The indicators also break down emissions by types of GHG: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and CO2 emissions from land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). Given their preliminary nature, the CBAFOLU indicators should be seen as a first building block in a series of steps to explore the allocation of AFOLU activities across countries through the lens of sustainability; priorities for further work to refine the indicators are also proposed. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Environmental policies, Trade |
| JEL: | F18 O13 Q15 Q17 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:171-en&r= |
| By: | Gebrezgabher, Solomie (International Water Management Institute); Leh, Mansoor (International Water Management Institute); Merrey, D. J.; Kodua, T. T.; Schmitter, Petra (International Water Management Institute) |
| Abstract: | This report assesses the potential of solar photovoltaic (PV) irrigation for smallholder agriculture in Ghana, using elements of business planning and business models with a suitability mapping approach. These approaches take into account the economic as well as environmental sustainability of expanding such technology. Using data from existing solar PV irrigation systems and interviews with key industry actors, the report discusses the regulatory and institutional context for investment in solar PV technology and outlines the technology supply chain, mapping the key actors and their roles. The financial viability of two empirical business cases – directly funding an agribusiness and subsidizing a cooperative model – is analyzed to assess the feasibility of expanding access to the technology. Furthermore, three solar PV irrigation business model scenarios are presented based on insights gained from the two empirical cases as well as from analyzing the existing policy and regulatory framework, the technology supply chain and environmental suitability. The potential for solar PV irrigation pumps is substantial, especially in northern Ghana, although care must be taken to avoid overpumping some aquifers. Achieving this potential will require strengthening the policy framework and making finance available at a reasonable cost. The report identifies alternative financing mechanisms and business models that have been tried elsewhere and can be adapted to Ghana, and makes recommendations to enhance the sustainable uptake of solar PV irrigation. |
| Keywords: | solar energy/photovoltaic systems/technology/farmer-led irrigation/small scale systems/irrigation systems/business models/feasibility studies/environmental sustainability/irrigated farming/smallholders/groundwater irrigation/aquifers/water resources/multiple use water services/water lifting/pumps/renewable energy/policies/regulations/supply chains/value chains/financial viability/costs/input output analysis/institutions/case studies |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:rerpts:h050503&r= |
| By: | Theodoros Arvanitopoulos; Grégoire Garsous; Paolo Agnolucci |
| Abstract: | The risks of carbon leakage associated with climate policies in the agricultural sector remains under-researched. Studies to date suggest that carbon pricing policies implemented by a single country, or small group of countries, reduce global emissions but also affect the international competitiveness of these countries’ agricultural sectors and induce carbon leakage. While carbon leakage can be prevented with trade-related measures that adjust emissions prices at the border, such measures applied in developed countries could potentially lead to significant welfare losses for developing countries that heavily rely on agricultural exports. That said, important caveats apply to the reviewed studies: i) from an environmental perspective, estimations of carbon leakage rates alone do not offer a comprehensive assessment of how optimally agricultural activities are allocated across countries; ii) most of the studies estimate the effects of additional environmental policies, such as carbon taxes, and ignore the effects of existing policies, including market distorting and potentially environmentally harmful support for agricultural production. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Environmental policies, Trade |
| JEL: | F18 O13 Q15 Q17 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:169-en&r= |
| By: | Ben Henderson; Monika Verma |
| Abstract: | Carbon leakage arises when emission reductions in countries applying a carbon tax are offset, partially or completely, by emission increases in countries that do not apply the tax or any other greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation policies. Analysis using the MAGNET computable general equilibrium model indicates that a carbon tax always lowers global GHG emissions from agriculture, even when it is applied in a small group of countries, provided that producers facing the tax can make use of GHG abatement technologies. This suggests that mitigation policies should be considered in conjunction with investments in research and development on abatement practices and technologies. When a small number of countries adopt a carbon tax, about half of the direct reduction in emissions in adopting counties is offset by higher emissions in non-adopting countries; the rate of carbon leakage declines as the group of countries implementing a carbon tax expands. Higher tax rates stimulate larger global emissions reductions, but also induce higher rates of emissions leakage, thus limiting the mitigation benefits from setting higher tax rates in contexts where few countries adopt the policy. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Environmental policies, Mitigation, Trade |
| JEL: | C68 F18 O13 Q11 Q17 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–10–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:170-en&r= |
| By: | Lee, Hyun Jean (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Cheolwon (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Yoon, Hyung Jun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구는 EU를 중심으로 한 유럽 주요국(독일, 프랑스, 스웨덴, 비세그라드 4국)의 친환경자동차산업의 정책적인 측면을 살펴보고 한국에 대한 함의를 찾고자 했다. EU가 강조하고 있는 자동차용 배터리팩이나 수소연료 등은 아직까지 한국을 비롯한 동북아국가들의 경쟁력이 더 높게 나타나고 있다. 이에 EU 및 회원국들은 친환경자동차 주요 부품의 역내 자체생산이 가능하도록 기술을 확보하여 핵심부품의 해외의존도를 낮추기 위해 자동차산업을 다각도로 지원하고 있으며 친환경자동차의 보급 확대를 위해 배터리·수소·e-모빌리티 전략 등의 부단한 정책노력을 기울이고 있는바, 본 연구를 통해 이를 구체적으로 살펴보고 있다. This study analyzes e-mobility policies of the European Union (EU) and its major member states. Through the analysis the study provides policy implications for the Korean government in promoting eco-friendly automobiles, and strategic insights for Korean companies aiming to access the EU market. The automobile industry of the EU faces multiple challenges today. Aiming to achieve climate neutrality by 2050, the EU will have to reduce greenhouse gas emissions of cars by expanding the use of renewable energy, while maintaining the industry’s competitiveness. Currently, the EU remains comparatively weak in the market for eco-friendly automobiles. The share of European brands in the world’s eco-friendly car market is only 12%. Moreover, Europe is lagging behind Northeast Asian countries, including South Korea, in battery packs and hydrogen fuel cells technology and production. Upon this background, the EU is endeavoring to support the eco-friendly automobile industry to reduce overseas dependence on core components, and to expand the distribution of eco-friendly cars. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | EU; e-Mobility; automobile; eco-friendly; greenhouse gas; European Green Deal |
| Date: | 2021–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepre:2021_001&r= |
| By: | Moon, Jin-Young (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Oh, Soo Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Park, Youngseok (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Lee, Sunghee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Kim, Eunmi (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구는 국제사회의 온실가스 감축 목표 강화 추세 속에서, EU를 중심으로 탄소국경세가 도입될 경우의 영향을 분석하였다. 2020년 국제사회의 연이은 탄소중립 선언과 탄소국경세 도입 논의를 파리기후협정 이후 국제사회의 추세와 맞물려 검토하고, 탄소배출에 비용을 부과하는 이론적 모형을 분석하였다. EU가 관세 형태로 수입에 내재된 이산화탄소에 비용을 부과할 경우 주요 교역국에 파급할 영향을 분석하고, 온실가스 감축 목표 강화와 탄소국경세 도입에 따른 정부 및 민간 차원의 대응방안을 제시하였다. Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement in 2015, the international community has been heeding the urgency of responding to climate change and calling for wider and more decisive actions to mitigate GHG emissions. In particular, 2020 is the year set for review of the nationally determined contributions (NDC) previously submitted by each Party of the Paris Agreement, and for submitting long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (LEDS). In addition, many countries are seeking a sustainable economic recovery plan that reflects climate change and environmental considerations to overcome COVID-19. Also, as major greenhouse gas emitters participate in the declaration of carbon neutrality vision and EU plans to introduce carbon border tax, the issue of greenhouse gas reduction is expected to affect not only domestic economic and industrial policies, but also diplomatic and international trade sectors. Accordingly, this research was carried out to present our policy recommendations by analyzing measures to strengthen greenhouse gas reduction targets and the economic impact of the EU's Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM). (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | EU; Korea; global climate ambition; Paris Agreement 2015; carbon border adjustment mechanism; greenhouse gas emission development; declaration of carbon neutrality |
| Date: | 2020–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2020_021&r= |
| By: | Lee, Kwon Hyung (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Son, Sung Hyun (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Jang, Yunhee (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)); Ryou, Kwang Ho (KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP)) |
| Abstract: | 본 연구의 목적은 사우디아라비아, UAE 등 GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) 국가들을 중심으로 저유가시기를 극복하기 위한 경제정책의 변화 내용을 파악하고, 이러한 변화에 대응하여 한-중동 경제협력을 확대하기 위한 정책 방안을 제시하는 데 있다. 경제정책의 변화를 산업, 고용, 통상, 투자정책 등으로 구분하여 분석하고, 이 구분에 따라 관련 사례도 구체적으로 검토하였다. 이를 토대로 국내 기업이 중동지역에 진출하는 데 고려해야 할 위험요인과 시사점을 도출하였다. The aim of the research is to study changes in the economic policies of GCC countries in the era of low oil prices, and to suggest policy implications for economic cooperation between Korea and Middle East countries. We conduct a review of economic policies, including case studies, divided into the areas of industrial, employment, trade and investment policies. Then, corporate risk factors and implications are drawn for Korean companies aiming to consolidate their market position in the Middle East. (the rest omitted) |
| Keywords: | GCC; Gulf Cooperation Council; Middle East; Saudi Arabia; UAE; economic cooperation; market |
| Date: | 2020–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kieppa:2020_016&r= |
| By: | Axenbeck, Janna; Niebel, Thomas |
| JEL: | D22 D24 O33 Q55 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242369&r= |
| By: | Kesternich, Martin; Bartels, Lara |
| JEL: | Q51 Q54 C93 H41 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242456&r= |
| By: | Yermone Sargsyan (Institute of Economic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic) |
| Abstract: | The electricity prices in developing countries are relatively low to recover its costs of generation and provision. This results in under-investment in infrastructure, which usually leads to frequent outages or rolling blackouts by the electricity suppliers. Outages may have an adverse impact on the household's welfare including the health of household members. Using household-level panel data "Life in Kyrgyzstan" (LIK), and a coarsened exact matching (cem) procedure this paper investigates whether there is a relationship between outages and the health of children. Specifically, I study the differences in the anthropometric outcomes of children aged 5 and below (given by the z-scores) living in households that experience frequent outages and those which do not. I find that the children living in the households with frequent outages have z-scores of height-for-age that are -0.334 units lower, and z-scores of weight-for-age that are -0.157 units lower than compared to the children living in the observationally identical households but without frequent outages. |
| Keywords: | electricity outages; child health; height-forage; weight-for-age; developing countries; transition economies |
| JEL: | I12 I14 J13 P36 Q53 Q41 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fau:wpaper:wp2021_32&r= |
| By: | Kim, Haein |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, International Development, International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea21:314011&r= |
| By: | Shumilov, Andrei |
| Abstract: | This paper presents a survey of studies analyzing various uncertainties in integrated assessment models of the economics of climate change. Applications of techniques for both deterministic models (Monte Carlo simulations, sensitivity analysis) and stochastic IAMs (stochastic dynamic programming) are reviewed. |
| Keywords: | greenhouse gases emissions; global warming; integrated assessment models; uncertainty |
| JEL: | C6 D81 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110171&r= |
| By: | Raúl Delgado (Banco Interamericano de Desarollo); Huáscar Eguino (Banco Interamericano de Desarollo); Aloisio Lopes (Banco Interamericano de Desarollo) |
| Abstract: | This publication presents recent experiences of finance ministries in the Latin American and Caribbean region in three crucial areas of intervention where climate change issues and the responsibilities of these ministries merge. In addition, it presents key elements for designing fiscal policies that contribute to sustainable growth. The three areas are: 1) Management of economic, fiscal, and financial risks associated with extreme weather events and climate change; 2) Challenges of the transition to low-carbon economies; and 3) Reorientation of public finances so they contribute to national objectives of resilience and decarbonization. Despite the risks and challenges involved in transitioning to green economies, the publication provides evidence indicating that both economic and employment opportunities can be achieved with efficient planning and implementation. |
| Keywords: | public sector economics,fiscal policy,public finance,pu blic expenditure,nati onal budget,green procurement,climate change,mitigation,adap tation,natural disaster s,economic development,sustainable development,resilient infrastructure |
| Date: | 2021–10–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03371797&r= |
| By: | Barjaková, Martina; Belton, Cameron; Purcell, Karl; Lunn, Pete |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp704&r= |
| By: | Schmidt, Klaus; Herweg, Fabian |
| JEL: | D62 H23 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc21:242371&r= |