|
on Energy Economics |
| By: | Eva Lyubich; Joseph S. Shapiro; Reed Walker |
| Abstract: | This paper provides the first estimates of within-industry heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity for the entire U.S. manufacturing sector. We measure energy and CO2 productivity as output per dollar energy input or per ton CO2 emitted. Three findings emerge. First, within narrowly defined industries, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity across plants is enormous. Second, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity exceeds heterogeneity in most other productivity measures, like labor or total factor productivity. Third, heterogeneity in energy and CO2 productivity has important implications for environmental policies targeting industries rather than plants, including technology standards and carbon border adjustments. |
| JEL: | F18 H23 Q56 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:18-03r&r=ene |
| By: | James Bushnell; Kevin Novan |
| Abstract: | Policies supporting investment in renewable electricity have been a cornerstone of climate policy in many parts of the world. While previous empirical work explores the economic and environmental impacts of renewable production, the focus has exclusively been on the short-run impacts of expanding renewable supply. In this paper, we shed light on the longer run impacts of renewable expansions. Focusing on the California electricity market, we estimate how wholesale electricity prices have responded to a dramatic increase in utility-scale solar capacity. While a substantial decline in daily average prices can be attributed to the solar capacity expansion, this average price impact masks a substantial decrease in mid-day prices combined with an increase in shoulder hour prices. These results imply that short-term power markets are responding to the renewable expansion in a fashion that could sustain more flexible conventional generation, while seriously undermining the economic viability of traditional baseload generation technologies. |
| JEL: | L5 L94 Q41 Q42 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24980&r=ene |
| By: | Hongliang Zhang; Jianhong E. Mu; Bruce A. McCarl |
| Abstract: | Currently fossil-fuel-based energy accounts for 82% of global energy use and is the source of two-thirds of anthropogenic greenhouse-gas emissions (GHG). Such emissions are a primary climate change driver ultimately altering temperature and in turn influences energy use. This paper presents a global analysis of the link between energy use and temperature, along with the contributing factors of income, urbanization and population. We use an econometric model to estimate this link based on a panel dataset arising from 147 countries during 1990-2014. We find that energy use per capita has a nonlinear, convex relationship with temperature - the use initially high at low temperatures, then declining to an inflection point, and subsequently rising at high temperatures. The temperature effects on energy use per capita are not globally uniform with differences across rich and poor countries. In particular, rich countries show a larger energy use response at high temperatures than poor countries do. Projections under unmitigated climate change indicate an increase in the global, annual total energy use of 41% by 2100, relative to a baseline of no climate change. The projected increases in global total energy use are substantially larger than prior estimates from studies focused on residential energy use and may further motivate aggressive GHG mitigation and climate change adaptation. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change, Energy Use |
| JEL: | Q4 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:irn:wpaper:18-08&r=ene |
| By: | Zhong, Jia; Khanna, Madhu; Chen, Xiaoguang |
| Abstract: | The direct incentive from the renewable fuel standard for fuel consumers is limited while the penetration of flexible fuel vehicles (FFV) stays stagnated. To study alternative policy incentives and its mechanism targeted at consumer to supplement the standards from the demand side, we develop a framework of dynamic economic partial equilibrium model. We find that under RFS 2022 schedule, explicitly pronounced cross-subsidization on both fuels (yearly average $0.41/gge tax on preblended fuel and $2.35/gge subsidy on ethanol) and vehicles (average $2.8k tax on CV and $2.4k purchase subsidy on FFV) are needed for consumers to switch to higher ethanol blends and FFV. The retail E100 is priced lower than its energy content as with E10 to the extent to attract FFV users consume higher blends and stimulate FFV purchase while offset the drawbacks of the higher vehicle costs and its less fuel efficiency. A lengthened policy not only alleviates the pricing strategies pressure but also reduces the welfare loss. Improved competitiveness in sales price is more effective in benefiting the vehicle drivers with less feebate intensity. |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258483&r=ene |
| By: | Rick van der Ploeg; Armon Rezai |
| Abstract: | A simple integrated assessment framework that gives rules for the optimal carbon price, transition to the carbon-free era and stranded carbon assets is presented, which highlights the ethical, economic, geophysical and political drivers of optimal climate policy. For the ethics we discuss the role of intergenerational inequality aversion and the discount rate, where we show the importance of lower discount rates for appraisal of longer run benefit and of policy makers using lower discount rates than private agents. The economics depends on the costs and rates of technical progress in production of fossil fuel, its substitute renewable energies and sequestration. The geophysics depends on the permanent and transient components of atmospheric carbon and the relatively fast temperature response, and we allow for positive feedbacks. The politics stems from international free-rider problems in absence of a global climate deal. We show how results change if different assumptions are made about each of the drivers of climate policy. Our main objective is to offer an easy back-on-the-envelope analysis, which can be used for teaching and communication with policy makers. |
| Keywords: | simple rules, climate policy, ethics, economics, geophysics, politics, discounting with declining discount rates, positive feedback, free riding |
| JEL: | D81 H20 Q31 Q38 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7207&r=ene |
| By: | Simshauser, P |
| Abstract: | In Australia, as with Great Britain, governments have shown rising concern with the health of competitive residential electricity markets. A core concern is the practice of price discrimination and the rising dispersion of prices. The State of Queensland implemented Full Retail Contestability in 2007, but held a regulated price cap in place until 2016, when it finally deregulated its residential electricity market. Almost simultaneously, the two jurisdictions that pioneered retail price deregulation, Great Britain and Victoria, were questioning their prior policy decision. Queensland makes for a fascinating case study because Southeast Queensland comprises a fully deregulated retail market while Regional Queensland is a regulated monopoly – with common input costs across both zones. Consequently, a regulated monopoly with a uniform tariff and 640,000 customers forms a very large control group, which can be directly compared to the competitive market of more than 1.3 million customers – making such analysis globally unique. Analysis of Queensland market conditions concludes the policy is welfare enhancing. To be clear, rising electricity prices are a problem, but price discrimination is not. The deregulated competitive market is, perhaps unsurprisingly, better at regulating the overall average tariff and consumer welfare has been enhanced by $184 million per annum – with some consumer segments very materially better off. However, certain modes of failure remain, viz. an inter-consumer misallocation problem and lack of transparency vis-à-vis the anchoring of discounts – known as the “discounts off what?” problem. Resolving the inter-consumer misallocation problem is relatively straight forward via ensuring energy retailers (voluntarily) move vulnerable customers onto a Benchmark-equivalent or suitably discounted tariff. Due to the non-linearity of tariffs and the rising mix of discrete metered loads, the latter can be best solved by producing a weighted average of Standing Offers, and using this as the benchmark. |
| Keywords: | Price discrimination, electricity prices, jawboning |
| JEL: | D4 L5 L9 Q4 |
| Date: | 2018–09–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1849&r=ene |
| By: | Jarrett, U.; Mohaddes, K.; Mohtadi, H. |
| Abstract: | Theory attributes finance with the ability to both promote growth and reduce output volatility. But evidence is mixed in both regards, partly due to endogeneity effects. For example, financial institutions themselves might be a source of volatility, as the events of 2008 suggest. We address this endogeneity issue by using oil price volatility as a source of exogenous volatility, to study the effect of finance. To do this, we use two empirical methodologies. First, we develop a quasi-natural experiment by studying the dramatic decline of oil prices in 2014 and beyond, using a synthetic control methodology. Our hypothesis is that the ability of oil-rich countries to mitigate the effects of this decline rested on the quality of their financial institutions. We focus on 11 oil-rich countries between 1980 and 2014 that had “poor” measures of financial development (treatment group) out of 20 such countries and synthetically create counterfactuals from the remaining (control) group with “superior” financial development. We subject both to the oil price shock of 2014. We find evidence that better financial institutions do indeed reduce output volatility and mitigate its negative effect on growth in the year that showed a sustained decline of the oil price. To address any remaining potential endogeneity between oil prices and finance, we further examine our findings by using a Panel CS-ARDL approach with 30 oil producing countries in our sample (and data over the period 1980-2016), illustrating that the effect of oil price volatility on growth is mitigated with better financial institutions. Our results make a strong case for the support of the positive role of financial development in growth and development. |
| Keywords: | Oil price volatility, financial institutions, economic growth and development, and the resource curse. |
| JEL: | C23 G20 F43 O13 O40 Q32 |
| Date: | 2018–09–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cam:camdae:1851&r=ene |
| By: | Emanuele Fabbiani; Andrea Marziali; Giuseppe De Nicolao |
| Abstract: | Deregulation of energy markets in the 90s boosted the interest in energy derivatives. Over the last two decades, more and more complex financial instruments were developed. Pricing exotic derivatives often involves Monte Carlo simulations, which rely on stochastic processes to model the underlyings. It is thus critical to choose appropriate models and precisely calibrate them, so that they reflect the market scenario. Several models have been proposed in the literature, from the simple Geometric Brownian motion to more complex mean-reverting, multi-factor models. To enable their calibration against listed vanilla options, it is required to compute the variance of their states. This paper presents a simple and general method to compute the covariance matrix of the state though a matrix Lyapunov differential equation, and discusses its numerical and analytical solutions. In terms of computational speed, the latter is found to be 30 to 40 times faster. The availability of an analytical solution paves the way to an efficient market calibration of model parameters. As case studies, EEX German electricity and TTF Dutch gas markets were considered. Two different single-factor models and a two-factor one were calibrated against market prices: out-of-sample validation showed that a two-factor model outperforms the other two approaches. |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1809.03941&r=ene |
| By: | Asongu, Simplice; Odhiambo, Nicholas |
| Abstract: | In the light of challenges to sustainable development in the post-2015 development agenda, this study assesses how increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions affect inclusive human development in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000-2012. The following findings are established from Fixed Effects and Tobit regressions. First, unconditional effects and conditional impacts are respectively positive and negative from CO2 emissions per capita, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 intensity. This implies a Kuznets shaped curve because of consistent decreasing returns. Second, the corresponding net effects are consistently positive. The following findings are apparent from Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) regressions. First, unconditional effects and conditional impacts are respectively negative and positive from CO2 emissions per capita, CO2 emissions from liquid fuel consumption and CO2 intensity. This implies a U-shaped curve because of consistent increasing returns. Second, the corresponding net effects are overwhelmingly negative. Based on the robust findings and choice of best estimator, the net effect of increasing CO2 emissions on inclusive human development is negative. Policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | CO2 emissions; Sustainable development; Inclusiveness; Environmental policy; Africa |
| JEL: | C52 O38 O40 O55 P37 |
| Date: | 2018–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88527&r=ene |
| By: | Toshihiro Okubo (Faculty of Economics, Keio University); Rikard Forslid (Department of Economics, Stockholm University); Karen Helene Ulltveit-Moe (Department of Economics , University of Oslo) |
| Abstract: | This paper proposes a detailed mechanism for why exporting rms may have a lower emission intensity when emissions are subject to an environmental tax. This mechanism of our model is supported by Swedish rm-level data. Our mechanism runs through rms' endogenous investments in abatement. Firms' abatement investments depend on their production volumes, since a larger scale allows them to spread the xed costs of abatement investment across more units. Production volumes increase in rm productivity and, as a consequence, rms' emission intensity is negatively related to rm productivity. Exporting also leads to higher production volumes and thereby to a lower emission intensity. Thus, trade has an eect on emissions independently of rm productivity. Trade therefore leads to higher but cleaner production. The overall eect of trade on emissions is neutral in our model. Trade liberalization does not aect aggregate emissions in our benchmark case of symmetric countries. |
| Keywords: | Firm heterogeneity, emissions, international trade, abatement cost |
| JEL: | F12 F14 F18 Q56 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2018-013&r=ene |
| By: | Nerhagen, Lena (CTS - Centre for Transport Studies Stockholm (KTH and VTI)) |
| Abstract: | In this paper we discuss, based on research on the external cost of air pollution, if diesel as a fuel in the transport sector should be encouraged or discouraged in Swedish environmental policy. There are two main reasons for posing this question. The first is the international context where the use of diesel is generally considered to be a bad, due to its negative health effects. The second is the Swedish context with an ambitious vision for a fossil free vehicle fleet in 2030 where the use of diesel produced from forestry residues could be part of the solution. In recent years the use of diesel cars has been encouraged by various policy measures, for example a subsidy based on assessments of emissions for CO2 per kilometer. Is this a policy that should be continued or abandoned? In this paper we focus on the health impacts and our conclusion is that dieselization is more a blessing than a curse. The reason is that Sweden is a sparsely populated country and therefore the health costs of emissions from road transport are low by international standards. |
| Keywords: | environmental policy; fossil free vehicle fleet; fuel use; external health cost; impact pathway approach; cost-efficient emission reductions |
| JEL: | R40 |
| Date: | 2018–09–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ctswps:2018_013&r=ene |
| By: | Martin L. Weitzman; Bjart Holtsmark (Statistics Norway) |
| Abstract: | Linkage of cap-and-trade systems is typically advocated by economists on a general analogy with the beneficial linking of free-trade areas and on the specific grounds that linkage will ensure cost effectiveness among the linked jurisdictions. An appropriate and widely accepted specification for the damages of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within a relatively short (say 5-10 year) period is that marginal damages for each jurisdiction are constant (although they can differ among jurisdictions). With this defensible assumption, the analysis is significantly clarified and yields simple closedform expressions for all CO2 permit prices. Some implications for linked and unlinked voluntary CO2 cap-and-trade systems are derived and discussed. |
| Keywords: | linkage; cap and trade; pollution; climate change |
| JEL: | Q50 Q51 Q52 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ssb:dispap:883&r=ene |
| By: | Pozo, Veronica F.; Bejan, Vladimir; Bachmeier, Lance |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258232&r=ene |
| By: | Klepacka, Anna M.; Meng, Ting; Winek, Magdalena; Stepien, Anna; Florkowski, Wojciech J. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258495&r=ene |
| By: | Iris Behr |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2017–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2017_edu_109&r=ene |
| By: | Javier GOMEZ (European Commission - JRC); Isabelle Seigneur (European Commission - JRC); Claire Nauwelaers (Independent expert) |
| Abstract: | The EU Member States and regions are currently implementing the priorities of their Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation and their investments in sustainable energy from European Structural and Investment Funds under Thematic Objectives 4 and 7. This working paper is part of the policy support provided by the Smart Specialisation Platform on Energy (S3PEnergy) to EU regions and Member States in the implementation phase of their Smart Specialisation Strategies. In order to guide their work, the S3PEnergy has elaborated an inductive approach to identify good examples on smart specialisation and energy priorities implementation and on the use of Cohesion Policy funds for sustainable energy. The paper is organised in three main sections. The first describes a method for the identification of good practices, including the definition of a good practice in the frame of smart specialisation and energy, and the criteria used to identify good examples (under three categories: necessary, relevant and optional criteria). The second section elaborates a pilot exercise to put in practice this methodology and includes an initial catalogue of 11 demonstration cases of good practices. The third section draws the main lessons learnt from this pilot exercise whereas the conclusion provides insights to practitioners of smart specialisation. |
| Keywords: | smart specialisation, good practices, energy,innovation |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc112812&r=ene |
| By: | Yu, Chin-Hsien; Chen, Xiaolan; Qing, Ping |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258405&r=ene |
| By: | Cai, Zhengyu; Maguire, Karen; Winters, John V. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines local labor market outcomes from an oil and gas boom. We examine two main outcomes across gender, race, and ethnicity: the probability of employment in the oil and gas industry and the log wages of workers employed outside the oil and gas industry. We find that men and women both gain employment in the oil and gas industry during booms, but such gains are much larger for men and are largest for black and Hispanic men. We also find positive income spillovers for workers in other industries that are similar in magnitude across demographic groups. |
| Keywords: | Oil,Natural Gas,Employment,Gender,Race,Energy |
| JEL: | J20 Q33 Q40 R10 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:246&r=ene |
| By: | Atuwo, Tamaraebi |
| Abstract: | In this paper, the combined superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) and STATCOM are used to improve transient stability and low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability of wind turbine generation system (WTGS). The SFCL absorbs the accelerating energy of the generator, and therefore, improves the WTGS transient stability. Also, STATCOM helps the restore connecting point voltage to improve LVRT capability by reactive power compensation (RPC) after fault clearing. The optimization problem of SFCL resistance and STATCOM capacity is formulated based on the transient stability and LVRT capability of WTGS. The Simulation study shows the superior improving LVRT capability of combined SFCL and STATCOM over individual SFCL or STATCOM. Also, the requirement capacity of STATCOM for RPC is significantly reduced. PSCAD/EMTDC software(V4.2) is used for simulation. |
| Keywords: | SFCL, STATCOM, Transient Stability, Wind Turbine, Reactive Power Compensation (RPC) |
| JEL: | O13 O14 O18 Q12 Q15 Q24 |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88590&r=ene |
| By: | Iris Behr |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2017–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2017_edu_101&r=ene |
| By: | Jørgen Juel Andersen (Norwegian Business School); Martin Nordvik (Norwegian Business School and Centre for Applied Macro- and Petroleum Economics (CAMP)); Andrea Tesei (Queen Mary University of London, CEP (LSE) & CEPR) |
| Abstract: | We reconsider the relationship between oil and conflict, focusing on the location of oil resources. In a panel of 132 countries over the period 1962-2009, we show that oil windfalls increase the probability of conflict in onshore-rich countries, while they decrease this probability in offshore-rich countries. We use a simple model of conflict to illustrate how these opposite effects can be explained by a fighting capacity mechanism, whereby the government can use offshore oil income to increase its fighting capacity, while onshore oil may be looted by oppositional groups to finance a rebellion. We provide empirical evidence supporting this interpretation: we find that oil windfalls i ncrease both the number and strength of active rebel groups in onshore-rich countries, while they strengthen the government in offshore-rich ones. |
| Keywords: | Natural resources, Conflict |
| JEL: | O13 D74 Q34 |
| Date: | 2017–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qmw:qmwecw:810&r=ene |
| By: | Dogbe, Wisdom; Gil, Jose Maria |
| Abstract: | Spain is likely to miss it Kyoto target in 2020 if it does not shift emphasis from labor taxes towards environmental taxes. Compared to supply-side measures, demand-side measures have proven to be more efficient in reducing GHG emissions. We assess demand-side Pigovian/CO2-eq tax on food CO2-eq reduction, welfare and diet quality in Spain based on different social costs and discount rates. Elasticities for simulations are calculated from a complete EASI demand system. Results show CO2-eq reduction are proportional to taxes. Though, taxes affect diet quality positively, it lowers household welfare indicating a trade-off between emissions goals and household´s welfare. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–08–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:eaae17:261416&r=ene |
| By: | Helgeson, Casey (London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE)); Bradley, Richard (London School of Economics & Political Science (LSE) - Department of Philosophy); Hill, Brian (HEC Paris - Economics & Decision Sciences; CNRS) |
| Abstract: | Reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) employ an evolving framework of calibrated language for assessing and communicating degrees of certainty in findings. A persistent challenge for this framework has been ambiguity in the relationship between multiple degree-of-certainty metrics. We aim to clarify the relationship between the likelihood and confidence metrics used in the Fifth Assessment Report (2013), with benefits for mathematical consistency among multiple findings and for usability in downstream modeling and decision analysis. We discuss how our proposal meshes with current and proposed practice in IPCC uncertainty assessment. |
| Keywords: | confidence; uncertainty reporting; climate change |
| JEL: | D81 |
| Date: | 2018–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ebg:heccah:1298&r=ene |
| By: | Saghaian, Sayed H.; Nemati, Mehdi; Walters, Cory G.; Chen, Bo |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Marketing, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258240&r=ene |
| By: | Dirk Brounen |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2017–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2017_edu_114&r=ene |
| By: | Lee, Gi-Eu; Loveridge, Scott |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Research Methods/Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258205&r=ene |
| By: | Tyner, W.; Zhao, X.; Taheripour, F. |
| Abstract: | In this study, we compare two of the most important models in the literature of estimating biofuels induced land use change (ILUC) emissions, GTAP-BIO and GLOBIOM. Since GTAP-BIO is publicly accessible while GLOBIOM currently is not, we use biofuel pathways from the results documented in the most recent GLOBIOM report and compare them using GTAP-BIO with the same specifications. Five EU biofuel pathways, including sugar beet ethanol, starchy crop ethanol, rapeseed oil biodiesel, soy oil biodiesel, and palm oil biodiesel, are tested. The results from GTAP-BIO show lower ILUC emissions for each of the five pathways. The gap in ILUC emission values between the two models is larger for vegetable oil biodiesel pathways than for sugar and starch ethanol pathways. Simulation results are compared to the extent GLOBIOM results were available in the documentation. The major drivers of differences in the two models are livestock rebound response, palm related issues (e.g., palm oil yield and peat oxidation factor), and foregone sequestration on abandoned land. The analysis shows that the strong livestock rebound effect, low palm oil yield, and high abandoned land foregone sequestration factor may lead to an overestimation of ILUC emissions in GLOBIOM. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Development, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:275967&r=ene |
| By: | Crago, Christine L.; Spraggon, John; Hunter, Elizabeth |
| Keywords: | Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258559&r=ene |
| By: | Sun, Shanxia; Delgado, Michael; Khanna, Neha |
| Keywords: | Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258502&r=ene |
| By: | Tiboldo, Giulia; Boehm, Rebecca L.; Castellari, Elena; Shah, Farhed A. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Public Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258275&r=ene |
| By: | Ibrahim, Taofik |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between oil price fluctuation and output performance in Nigeria during the period 1970 to 2015. It synthesizes the standard neoclassical growth model and the Keynesian national income identity by augment the typical production function to include oil price as one of the factors of production and then super-impose the augmented production function on the Keynesian national income identity. The Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) estimation technique that accounts for the plausibility of endogeneity was adopted in the study. The ADF unit root and Johansen cointegration tests were used to determine the time series properties of the data used in the study. Findings suggest that oil price impacted positively on aggregate output but negatively on agricultural, manufacturing and service sector suggesting that fluctuation in oil price create uncertainty in the production capacity of the productive sectors and it also undermines the effectiveness of the government fiscal management of crude oil revenue. The study, therefore, recommends that the Nigerian government need to diversify its export revenue base in order to minimize the over reliance on crude oil. Also, the country needs to develop the local capacity of its refinery so as to reduce the importation of refined petroleum which serves as input to most productive sectors of the economy. |
| Keywords: | Oil Price, Aggregate output, Agricultural output, Manufacturing output, Service output, Nigeria, Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) |
| JEL: | E32 O13 O40 |
| Date: | 2018–01–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:88636&r=ene |
| By: | Weiland, Brandon; Sesmero, Juan Pablo; Preckel, Paul; Wetzstein, Michael E. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, Risk and Uncertainty, Production Economics |
| Date: | 2017–06–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258250&r=ene |
| By: | Abay Mulatu Mulatu (Coventry University) |
| Abstract: | With the rising elimination of trade and investment barriers the world over there has been a growing interest in the question of the role of differential environmental regulations in the location decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and trade flows. A dominant hypothesis addressing this question is the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) that purports that trade liberalization results in a relocation of dirty goods production to jurisdictions with lax environmental regulation. The PHH calls into question the efficacy of domestic environmental standards especially with respect to climate policy, because the location of emission of greenhouse gasses is irrelevant to the problem of climate change. More generally, the PHH is at the heart of the trade and environment debate. This paper examines whether UK?s outbound investment flows (FDI) is influenced by the host countries? environmental regulations. We employ a general empirical model of the determination of FDI flows that captures interactions between country and industry characteristics in determining industry location. We use data on UK based multinational activity in 64 countries and 23 industries over the period between 2002 and 2006. We find a statistically and economically significant effect of environmental policy on the pattern of UK outbound FDI ? a pollution haven effect. |
| Keywords: | pollution-haven, competitiveness, environmental-regulation, industry-location, FDI |
| JEL: | Q56 R11 |
| Date: | 2018–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sek:iacpro:6409161&r=ene |
| By: | Bi, Xiang; Lee, Sangyoul |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–07–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:259703&r=ene |
| By: | Kelly C. Bishop; Jonathan D. Ketcham; Nicolai V. Kuminoff |
| Abstract: | We test whether long-term exposure to air pollution degrades human capital by causing dementia. We link fifteen years of Medicare records for 6.9 million adults age 65 and older to the EPA’s air quality monitoring network and track the evolution of individuals’ health, onset of dementia, financial decisions, and cumulative residential exposure to fine-particulate air pollution (PM2.5). Our instrumental variables framework capitalizes on quasi-random variation in pollution exposure due to the EPA’s 2005 designation of nonattainment counties for PM2.5. We find that a 1 microgram-per-cubic-meter increase in average decadal exposure (9.1% of the mean) increases the probability of receiving a dementia diagnosis by 1.3 percentage points (6.7% of the mean). This finding is consistent with hypotheses from the medical literature. We conclude that regulation of air pollution has greater benefits than previously known, in part because dementia impairs financial decision making. We estimate that the dementia-related benefits of the EPA’s county nonattainment designations exceeded $150 billion. We also find that the effect of PM2.5 on dementia persists below current regulatory thresholds. |
| JEL: | I18 Q53 |
| Date: | 2018–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:24970&r=ene |
| By: | Ion Anghel; Costin Ciora; Daniela Boca |
| Abstract: | The development of new office buildings with green certification created the premises for better understanding of the impact on employees' productivity. The purpose of this paper is to analyze through a questionnaire the productivity perception of employees that work in such buildings. Moreover, the results will be compared with a control group from non-green certified buildings. We are focusing understanding whether the lighting, office furniture, temperature or air quality, which are significant better in green certified buildings, have an effect on the productivity perception. |
| Keywords: | Green Buildings; Productivity; Sustainable Buildings |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2018–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2018_191&r=ene |
| By: | Imelda |
| Keywords: | Health Economics and Policy, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258478&r=ene |
| By: | Schweizer, Heidi |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Agricultural and Food Policy, Marketing |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258513&r=ene |
| By: | Shr, Yau-Huo; Ready, Richard C.; Orland, Brian; Echols, Stuart |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Public Economics, Resource/Energy Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2017–07–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea17:258397&r=ene |