|
on Efficiency and Productivity |
|
Issue of 2006‒06‒24
six papers chosen by |
| By: | Derek C. – Kalmi Jones |
| Keywords: | personnel economics, stock options, productivity, panel data |
| JEL: | M5 J3 L2 C3 |
| Date: | 2006–06–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:dpaper:1026&r=eff |
| By: | Alois Kneip; Léopold Simar; Paul W. Wilson |
| Abstract: | Non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) estimators based on linear programming methods have been widely applied in analyses of productive efficiency. The distributions of these estimators remain unknown except in the simple case of one input and one output, and previous bootstrap methods proposed for inference have not been proven consistent, making inference doubtful. This paper derives the asymptotic distribution of DEA estimators under variable returns-to-scale. This result is then used to prove that two different bootstrap procedures (one based on sub-sampling, the other based on smoothing) provide consistent inference. The smooth bootstrap requires smoothing the irregularly-bounded density of inputs and outputs as well as smoothing of the DEA frontier estimate. Both bootstrap procedures allow for dependence of the inefficiency process on output levels and the mix of inputs in the case of input-oriented measures, or on inputs levels and the mix of outputs in the case of output-oriented measures. |
| Keywords: | bootstrap, frontier, efficiency, data envelopment analysis, DEA |
| JEL: | C12 C14 C15 |
| Date: | 2006–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:bonedp:bgse12_2006&r=eff |
| By: | Ana Aizcorbe (Bureau of Economic Analysis) |
| Date: | 2005 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bea:wpaper:0027&r=eff |
| By: | GAYLE ALLARD (Instituto de Empresa) |
| Abstract: | How have labor market institutions and welfare-state transfers affected jobs and productivity in Europe? Many studies have tackled this question, with mixed results. This paper proposes an eclectic approach and gives a clearer answer to the issue. |
| Keywords: | Productivity, Employment protection legislation, unemployment benefits, social spending, welfare state |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:emp:wpaper:wp06-22&r=eff |
| By: | Hildegunn Ekroll Stokke (Department of Economics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | We offer a barrier model of growth with a broader understanding of the sources of productivity growth. Organizational change is suggested as an alternative to innovation and technology adoption. Domestic and international barriers (related to the level of human capital and the trade share) determine the timing and pace of technological catch-up, and as opposed to the catchingup hypothesis backward economies may get stuck in a poverty trap. Growth in lagging economies is not driven by adoption of foreign technology due to inappropriateness. The large technological distance forces the economy to rely more on own productivity improvements through organizational change. Trade liberalization in backward economies does not give the expected boost to productivity growth, because of low capability to take advantage of the frontier technology. Economies can escape the poverty trap by reducing trade barriers, but the benefits from an open economy is highest in middle-income economies, which have both the potential and capability to adopt foreign technology. |
| Keywords: | gold price boom;Dutch disease;trade barriers;fiscal response;deindustrialization |
| JEL: | O33 O41 O55 Q33 |
| Date: | 2006–05–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nst:samfok:7205&r=eff |
| By: | David Rae; Line Vogt; Michael Wise |
| Abstract: | While Ireland’s economic performance has been impressive, there are too many sectors where producers are shielded from competition, at the expense of consumers. The loss in efficiency from these policies will become more noticeable as Ireland’s growth rate settles down towards more normal levels. International evidence suggests that enhancing competition is an important means for lowering prices and boosting productivity and innovation. This paper reviews the main areas for reform, including retail trade, pharmacies, professional services such as legal and medical services, and various network industries including electricity, telecommunications and inter-city buses. It also appraises the structure and enforcement of competition law. <P>Dynamiser la concurrence en Irlande Bien que les performances économiques de l’Irlande soient impressionnantes, il subsiste encore trop de secteurs où les producteurs sont protégés de la concurrence, au dépend des consommateurs. Le manque d’efficience résultant de ces politiques devient plus manifeste à mesure que le taux de croissance s’établit à des niveaux plus normaux. D’un point de vue international, tout indique que renforcer la concurrence est un moyen efficace pour réduire les prix et stimuler la productivité et l’innovation. Ce document passe en revue les principaux secteurs à réformer, notamment le commerce de détail, les pharmacies, les services professionnels tels que les services de santé et juridiques, ainsi que divers secteurs de réseaux, en particulier celui de l’électricité, des télécommunications et des bus intercommunaux. Ce document examine aussi la structure et l’application de la loi sur la concurrence. |
| Keywords: | productivity, productivité, competition, regulatory reforms, réforme réglementaire, concurrence, residential construction, construction résidentielle, immobilier, taxe foncière |
| JEL: | K21 L11 L16 L22 L8 L9 |
| Date: | 2006–06–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:491-en&r=eff |