|
on Education |
|
Issue of 2017‒09‒10
thirty-one papers chosen by João Carlos Correia Leitão Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Smyth, Emer |
| Abstract: | Young people in Irish schools are required to choose whether to sit lower and upper secondary exam subjects at higher or ordinary level. This paper draws on a mixed methods longitudinal study of students in twelve case-study schools to trace the school and student factors influencing take-up of higher level subjects within lower secondary education. School organisation and process are found to shape the extent to which young people actually have a ‘choice’ or whether this is circumscribed by the school they attend or the class group to which they are allocated. Streaming practices, which are more prevalent in schools serving socioeconomically disadvantaged communities, constrain the degree of choice young people have over their subject levels, with those in lower stream classes usually allocated to ordinary level. Even where schools have mixed ability base classes, schools influence access to higher level subjects. In the middle-class and socially mixed schools, teachers are more likely to expect and encourage all students to take higher level, at least for as long as possible. In contrast, in working-class schools, there are sharp declines in the proportion taking higher level subjects as they approach the national exam taken at the end of lower secondary education. Early decisions about not pursuing higher level are found to have long-term consequences by closing off particular pathways for the future. These early decisions are often made in the absence of formal school-based guidance, thus contributing to social inequalities in young people’s destinations. The findings contribute to our understanding of how curriculum differentiation reinforces social class differences in educational pathways. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:esr:wpaper:wp568&r=edu |
| By: | Estrada, Ricardo; Gignoux, Jérémie |
| Abstract: | We exploit data on the future earnings students at high school completion expect to receive with and without a college education, together with information on learning achievement and college outcomes, to study the benefits from admission into a system of elite public high schools in Mexico City. Using data for the centralized allocation of students into schools and an adapted regression discontinuity design strategy, we estimate that elite school admission increases the future earnings and returns students expect from a college education. These gains in earnings expectations seem to reflect improvement in actual earnings opportunities, as admission to this elite school system also enhances learning achievement and college graduation outcomes. This provides evidence of the earnings benefits from attending elite schools. |
| Keywords: | Educación, Investigación socioeconómica, Trabajo y protección social, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:1017&r=edu |
| By: | TANAKA Ryuichi; ISHIZAKI Kazumi |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the effects of teaching practices on the educational achievement of elementary school students. Using unique student-level test score data and controlling for school fixed effects, we estimate the impact of linguistic activity in the classroom on reading and mathematics test scores of sixth grade students. We find that linguistic activities improve students reading and mathematics test scores and that their impacts are substantial. We find heterogeneity in the effect of these activities across class size environment and home environment such as cram schooling. These findings indicate that the types of language teaching practices matter for students' academic achievement, and the effectiveness may depend on the learning environment in school and at home. |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:17108&r=edu |
| By: | Ganiev, Ibragim; Djanibekov, Nodir; Hasanov, Shavkat; Petrick, Martin |
| Abstract: | The present study assesses the state of doctoral research and postgraduate education in agricultural economics in higher education institutions (HEI) in Uzbekistan and outlines initiatives for change. To better understand the content, process, and outcomes of postgraduate education and doctoral research, a survey of 72 doctoral students in HEI was conducted. The survey data show that the respondents cooperate little with their peers outside of Uzbekistan, lack international peer-reviewed publications and training in relevant theories and methods, and are underrepresented in international scientific events and associations. Furthermore, the scarcity of research funds and individual research space, as well as an excessive teaching load were indicated as key factors affecting the quality of doctoral research. Almost all respondents were satisfied with their current supervision, but were interested in being co-supervised by foreign professors. Most PhD students wish to continue their professional career within academia. Future reforms should enhance the quality and relevance of structured education programmes for PhD students, raise the incentives for conducting high-quality research that is published internationally, and support national and international collaboration between researchers. |
| Keywords: | PhD survey,agricultural economics,postgraduate education system,student experience,Uzbekistan,Doktorandenbefragung,Agrarökonomie,Doktorandenausbildung,Studentenerfahrungen,Usbekistan |
| JEL: | I20 I21 I23 I28 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:164&r=edu |
| By: | Emma Riley |
| Abstract: | This paper presents experimental evidence on the impact of a role model on secondary school student exam performance in Uganda. Students preparing to take their national exams (classes S4 and S6) were individually randomised to see either an aspirational movie featuring a potential role model, Queen of Katwe, or to see a placebo movie. I find that treatment with the aspirational movie leads to a 0.11 standard deviation increase in maths performance for S4 students, with the effect coming from students being 11 percentage points less likely to fail the exam. This effect is being driven by the lowest ability and students at lower ranked schools. For S6 students, their total score on their exams increase by 0.13 standard deviations. This study highlights the power of a role model as a cost-effective way to improve secondary school students' educational attainment, particularly of the worst performing students. |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csa:wpaper:2017-13&r=edu |
| By: | Wegmarshaus, Gert-Rüdiger |
| Abstract: | The objective of this study is to examine the conditions of higher education and the reform of doctoral graduation in Uzbekistan. The current system operates under strict government control. The President, the Supreme Attestation Commission at the Cabinet of Ministers regulating and monitoring academic graduation, and the relevant ministries fully determine the operation of the higher education and research institutions. State control leaves little room for academic selfrule or self-responsible university education. The teaching obligations of university staff fill the entire working day. This situation makes it almost impossible for university teachers to pursue an individual research agenda. The university system is chronically underfinanced. Technical equipment, library and information technology are not up to international standards, salary is comparably low providing few incentives for young researchers. The Uzbek Academy of Sciences serves as the main pillar of fundamental and applied research in the country. In 2013, doctoral graduation moved from a Soviet-style two-tier system including a PhD and a doctor of science degree to a more anglo-saxonian one-tier PhD system. The new President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev announced to return to a two-tier system by July 2017 and intends to notably raise the level of international cooperation of Uzbek academic institutions. |
| Keywords: | university education system,Academy of Sciences,PhD-graduation,Supreme Attestation Commission,international research cooperation,System der Hochschulbildung,Akademie der Wissenschaften,Promotionund Habilitation,Oberste Attestierungskommission,Internationale Forschungskooperation |
| JEL: | I20 I21 I23 I28 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:iamodp:165&r=edu |
| By: | Maya Escueta; Vincent Quan; Andre Joshua Nickow; Philip Oreopoulos |
| Abstract: | In recent years, there has been widespread excitement around the potential for technology to transform learning. As investments in education technology continue to grow, students, parents, and teachers face a seemingly endless array of education technologies from which to choose—from digital personalized learning platforms to educational games to online courses. Amidst the excitement, it is important to step back and understand how technology can help—or in some cases hinder—how students learn. This review paper synthesizes and discusses experimental evidence on the effectiveness of technology-based approaches in education and outlines areas for future inquiry. In particular, we examine RCTs across the following categories of education technology: (1) access to technology, (2) computer-assisted learning, (3) technology-enabled behavioral interventions in education, and (4) online learning. While this review focuses on literature from developed countries, it also draws upon extensive research from developing countries. We hope this literature review will advance the knowledge base of how technology can be used to support education, outline key areas for new experimental research, and help drive improvements to the policies, programs, and structures that contribute to successful teaching and learning. |
| JEL: | I20 I29 J24 |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23744&r=edu |
| By: | INOUE Atsushi; TANAKA Ryuichi |
| Abstract: | The main purpose of this study is to reveal empirically the relationship between teachers' majors in natural science and students' test score in science. For this purpose, we estimate the effect of teacher characteristics by regressing students' test scores taken from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) on teachers' majors in natural science using matched data of students and teachers in public junior high schools in Japan. We find that eighth grade students taught by teachers with natural science majors attain higher test scores in science than those who are taught by teachers without natural science majors. Estimating a quantile regression model, we find a stronger relationship for students with low achievement in science. We also find that the teachers' experience positively affects the students' test score. |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:17052&r=edu |
| By: | Prashant Mahajan (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur); Suresh Golahit (KVPS's SPDM College, Shirpur) |
| Abstract: | ABSRACT Purpose One of the most appalling challenges in India is persistently rising unemployment, explicitly in the rural region. More than 20% of Indian youth between the ages of 15 and 24 years are " seeking or available for work, " as per 2011 census data. There will be no peace and prosperity in the country unless jobless people get appropriate channel. In India deficiency of skills is among the main constraints for recruitment of Technical Education. Productivity of Technical Education in not entirely absorbed due to lack of skills required by the employers. Along with the ample arguments, taking place in recent times, regarding reformation in the productivity of Technical Education, this present study syndicates focus on services delivered and its impact on employability skills. The objective of this paper is to find out whether Technical Education institutes in rural part are keen to focus on the employability skills? The paper also focuses on distinguished skills required by the employer for recruitment. The study also emphases on the services offered by the Institutes and their correlation on skills development. Design methodology A qualitative research survey through a structured questionnaire for the students who are studying or have recently completed their Technical Education affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon was conducted which is situated in rural part of India. Findings The study discusses umpteen employability skills and explains how embedding services of technical education are correlated to the growth and development of employability skills. The study finds that these services results in comprehensive and cohesiveness of employability skills. Research limitations The survey is delimited to the Technical Education belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and located in rural of India. |
| Keywords: | Technical Education, Skills, Integrated Services,Employability |
| Date: | 2017–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01483640&r=edu |
| By: | Danielle H. Sandler; Lisa Schulkind |
| Abstract: | We examine the long-term outcomes for a population of teenage mothers who give birth to their children around the end of their high school year. We compare the mothers whose high school education was interrupted by childbirth, because the child was born before her expected graduation date to mothers who did not experience the same disruption to their education. We find that mothers who give birth during the school year are seven percent less likely to graduate from high school, are less likely to be married, and have more children than their counterparts who gave birth just a few months later. The labor market outcomes for these two sets of teenage mothers are not statistically different, but with a lower likelihood of marriage and more children, the households of the treated mothers are more likely to fall below the poverty threshold. While differences in educational attainment have narrowed over time, the differences in labor market outcomes and family structure have remained stable. |
| JEL: | J13 |
| Date: | 2016–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cen:wpaper:16-39r&r=edu |
| By: | Pierre André; Paul Maarek (Université de Cergy-Pontoise, THEMA) |
| Abstract: | Using a nationally representative household survey from Mali with retrospective information on school supply, we estimate the effect of opening new schools on education and on social capital formation. I compare the difference in educational attainment between individuals below and above the age of 9 at a school opening date using a quasi regression discontinuity design. School openings increase school enrollment; they also increase the participation in village associations and the involvement in local political life. The effect on political participation is concentrated in the eldest cohorts of the village with education, aged more than 40; this is not surprising: the eldest occupy a pivotal role in the social life of African villages. Also, the effect of education is concentrated on individuals belonging to a chief family of the village, so education seems to change local political power inside the dominant group of the village. |
| Keywords: | Education, political participation, school openings, Mali |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ema:worpap:2017-18&r=edu |
| By: | Christian Krekel (LSE - London School of Economics and Political Science, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | We study whether raising instructional time can crowd out student pro-social behaviour. To this end, we exploit a large educational reform in Germany that has raised weekly instructional hours for high school students by 12.5% as a quasi-natural experiment. Using a difference-in-differences design, we find that this rise has a negative and sizeable effect on volunteering, both at the intensive and at the extensive margin. It also affects political interest. There is no similar crowding out of scholastic involvement, but no substitution either. Impacts seem to be driven by a reduction in available leisure time as opposed to a rise in intensity of instruction, and to be temporary only. Robustness checks, including placebo tests and triple differencing, confirm our results. |
| Keywords: | Instructional Time, Student Pro-Social Behaviour, Volunteering,Scholastic Involvement, Political Interest, Quasi-Natural Experiment,G8 Reform, SOEP |
| Date: | 2017–08–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-01578364&r=edu |
| By: | Prashant Mahajan (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur); Suresh Golahit (KVPS's SPDM College, Shirpur) |
| Abstract: | Despite of increasing pressure related to enrollment in Technical Education, some Institutes of Technical Education, successfully have taken on a corporate mentality to attract and retain high-quality students through their e-Promotion. Successful branding and marketing strategies have become most important for the Institutes of Technical Education to appeal to a growing and diversified student and to differentiate from competitors. Effective branding can be helpful in increasing enrollment and in developing relationships and bonding. This article explores internet based promotions that Technical Education institutes have focused on branding and marketing initiatives and its influence on the students in selecting institute. It also focuses on effectiveness of internet based promotions. The research study showed that Institute Website and Social Networking are the most influential promotion tools for making their decision of selection than the other traditional promotion tools. In addition, these tools are reported to be very powerful and effective in making satisfaction of decision of selection which is highly associated with such a promotion tools. More surprisingly, it is found to be productive in the rural area. This article presents an adaptation of established qualitative research methodsby a survey (through a structured questionnaire) of students who are presently enrolled (Current-students) and those who have completed their study (Post-students) belonging to the institutes offering Technical Education situated in Khandesh region of India and affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. The survey is delimited to the enrollments of Technical Education belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and located in Khandesh region of India. |
| Keywords: | Satisfaction,Technical Education,Enrollments,e-Promotion,Promotion Mix |
| Date: | 2017–01–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01483672&r=edu |
| By: | Prashant Mahajan (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur); Suresh Golahit (KVPS's SPDM College, Shirpur) |
| Abstract: | ABSRACT Ample of the current motivation to teach and assess employability skills will decide India's ability to compete in the world economy. For a win-win situation, there must not be any differences in Institute's perception and students' experience in accessing employability skills for future prospective. What this paper aims to demonstrate is that, although as academics/service providers, we can use a general term " Employability skills " , we need to describe what is meant by this term to students, and colleges also need to recognize how their services and skill development are impacting on satisfaction of students while accessing employability skills. The purpose of this study is to examine the importance perceived by the institutes and experience realized by the students and to connect employability skills' growth on students' satisfaction of selection of an institute of Technical Education. |
| Keywords: | Satisfaction,Services,Technical Education,Employability Skills |
| Date: | 2017–02–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01483675&r=edu |
| By: | John, June |
| Abstract: | Gender differences in competition have been demonstrated in a variety of contexts, yet it remains unclear how people respond to competitors they perceive to be hard or easy, and whether gender differences exist in this response. I run an experiment in eighteen public high school classrooms to study the effect of competing in a math task against different levels of competitors. I exploit natural sorting within grade levels in Malaysian public schools to randomly assign competitors of different perceived difficulty levels. Using a standard competition measure, males are significantly more competitive than females. However, when students face harder competitors, males respond by lowering performance while the performance of females does not vary significantly by level of competition. |
| Keywords: | gender differences; competition; gender performance; tournament; piece-rate; information |
| JEL: | I20 J16 J24 |
| Date: | 2017–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:81072&r=edu |
| By: | Prashant Mahajan (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur); Suresh Golahit (KVPS's SPDM College, Shirpur) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: There is a rapid growth of technical education in last decade in terms of the no. of institutes and the intake capacity in India. However, there is noticeable gap in between the actual no. of enrollments and intake capacity of these institutes. In Maharashtra 41% of seats were vacant in 2016. ‘People’ factor of service mix is very important mix of education services. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the people factor that influence students in selecting technical educational institute of their choice. Design methodology: A qualitative research was conducted with a survey of students those who are presently enrolled (pre-students) and those who have completed their study (post-students) belonging to the institutes offering technical education affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. Findings: The study found that there are some reference groups/influencers related to students and institutes that have a direct influence on the students in the making decision of selection of technical education. Their satisfaction of this decision also has relationships with the influencers. Research limitations: The survey is limited to the students of technical education belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. Practical implications: The marketing segmentation of technical education will be better if we consider these reference groups (people mix) as an influencer. It is found that there are some People Mix - influencers - related to the institute and previous schools along with peoples associated with the students. So, it is useful to consider all these influencers rather than considering only traditional students related influencers. This article provides empirical support for the importance of interpersonal influence for educational choices. Different communication strategies can be used for these influencers who motivates students towards their decision in selecting technical education. The paper represents new form of influencers that motivates students in selecting their technical educational institute. |
| Keywords: | Jalgaon, North Maharashtra University, influencers, Technical Education,People mix |
| Date: | 2016–12–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01483632&r=edu |
| By: | Prashant Mahajan (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur); Suresh Golahit (KVPS's SPDM College, Shirpur) |
| Abstract: | Purpose:Technical education in India contributes a major share to the overall education system and plays a vital role in the social and economic development of the nation. Despite of rapid growth of technical education in last decade in terms of the no. of institutes and intake capacity in India, institutes failed to attract enrollments. Last three years saw, increasing gap in between the actual no. of enrollments and intake capacity; 46% of seats were vacant in Technical Education in India in 2015. The purpose of this paper is to highlight institute's role in promoting enrollments in Technical education. Design methodology: A qualitative research by a survey (through a structured questionnaire) of students who are presently enrolled (Current-students) and those who have completed their study (Alumni) belonging to the institutes offering Technical Education situated in Khandesh region of India and affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. Findings: The study found that diversified characteristics of enrollments are related with the promotion mix of TE institute in selection of technical educational institute. This study investigates the usefulness of school visits, institution publications, websites, campus visits, word-of-mouth (friends, alumni, school teachers), advertisements (radio, television, magazines) and events on campus, as a tool of promotion. Social Networking and Institute's Website are the new forms of promotion mix in selection TE institute in rural part of India. Research limitations: The survey is delimited to the enrollments of technical education belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and located in Khandesh region of India. Practical implications 60-70% of population belongs to rural part of India. Different promotional strategies of promotion mix can be used based on geographic and demographic segmentation. This will enhance, making awareness, fondness regarding Technical Education in the rural part and will act as lubricant in decision making of selecting their technical educational institute. |
| Keywords: | Technical Education,Enrollments,Segmentation,Promotion Mix |
| Date: | 2017–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01483610&r=edu |
| By: | Prashant Mahajan (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur); Suresh Golahit (KVPS's SPDM College, Shirpur) |
| Abstract: | Purpose: In addition to create challenging and congruent learning opportunities, it is important for Technical Education providers to create a supportive learning environment to help learners acclimate, connect with others and as well as access well-matched student support services to help them complete their studies and make them employable.Skill building is verycrucial to ensure employability of academia to understand and make sure good jobs. Unfortunately, most of the Technical Education institutes in India have not identified the importance of such services, resulting huge unemployment and dissatisfied students. The purpose of this paper is to highlight supporting and extension services in connection to operating services in Technical Education and students' perception on them. Design methodology: A qualitative research by a survey (through a structured questionnaire) of students who are studying or have studied Technical Education affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon on their perception regarding operating, supporting and extension services offered by TE institutes. Findings: The research revealed that TE institutes, no doubt, are offering good operating services however lags in supporting and extension services. It is also found that students' satisfaction of selecting TE institute is highly associated to supporting and extension service than operating services offered by the institute. Research limitations: The survey is delimited to the Technical Education belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and located in Khandesh region of India. Practical implications: India, compared to other nations, lacks formally trained manpower. In Korea, for example, the skilled workforce is 96 per cent, in Japan 80 per cent, in Germany 76 per cent and in Britain 70 per cent but in India it is only 10 per cent.Technical Education Institutes of India, can gain competitive edge in the future, by effective and creative ways to attract, retain and foster stronger relationships with students by interaction and mechanism of the market and industry. This is only possible by lubricating; operating, supporting and extension services, all services combined. |
| Keywords: | Technical Education, Quality Services,Satisfaction,Operating Services, Supporting Services,Extension Services |
| Date: | 2017–01–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01483615&r=edu |
| By: | Arozamena, Leandro; Ruffo, Hernán |
| Abstract: | We assess the importance education as a signal of workers skills and the e¤ects of poor signaling quality on labor market outcomes. We do so by merging a frictional labor market model with a signaling setup where there is a privately observed idiosyncratic component in the cost of education. Given that highly skilled workers cannot correctly signal their abilities, their wages will be lower and they will not be matched to the "right" vacancies, or may be unemployed. Skilled workers will then have lower incentives to move to high productivity markets. Furthermore, fewer vacancies will be created in labor markets where skills matter, and incentives for workers to invest in education will be lower. Overall, an economy where education is a noisier signal generates lower educational attainment, higher unemployment and lower productivity. In addition, we provide evidence suggesting that education plays a poor signaling role in Latin American countries. We then calibrate our model using Peruvian data, and through a quantitative exercise we show that this mechanism could be relevant to explain the relatively bad performance of labor markets in Latin American countries. |
| Keywords: | Educación, Economía, Trabajo y protección social, Investigación socioeconómica, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:916&r=edu |
| By: | Prashant Mahajan (R. C. Patel Institute of Technology, Shirpur); Suresh Golahit (KVPS's SPDM College Shirpur -) |
| Abstract: | Engineering plays a key role in supporting the growth and development of a country's economy as well as in improving the quality of life for citizens. Most of developed countries witnessed economic growth with the contribution of women in engineering field. In developing countries like India women remained under-utilized resource. Women in engineering are probably the single best investment that can be made in the developing world. There is clearly room for improvement – not only in recruiting women into engineering, but also in retaining and promoting those women who wish and do enter the profession. This study was designed to investigate a perception and determination of undergraduate women towards accessing Engineering Education. The study has highlighted women's perceptions and experiences on accessing engineering education through institute's Marketing Mix strategies which enables women to take up strategic positions to enjoy success in engineering education and career. Findings of this study revealed that women students in engineering are better satisfied and act of referring services/program to others is higher than men students in terms of numbers for a particular set of marketing mix applied to gender. A qualitative research survey through a structured questionnaire for the students who are studying or have recently completed their engineering education from reputed engineering institutes affiliated to the North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India was conducted. The study discloses women's approach to engineering education in terms of marketing mix; program, price, place, promotion, people, physical evidence and process. Women tended to rate most the marketing criteria as having a higher level of importance than men. Women needed more communal support while making decision making of selection of engineering education. The survey is delimited to the engineering education belonging to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon and Khandesh region, a rural part of India. Findings of the study will be useful for the institutes and direct and indirect service providers of engineering education in developing a communication program and should be utilized and integrated into all aspects of the marketing program to attract women in engineering. |
| Keywords: | India,Selection,Marketing Services,Gender,Women,Engineering Education |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01484219&r=edu |
| By: | Assaad, Ragui; Krafft, Caroline |
| Abstract: | Youth in Egypt hold rising aspirations for their adult lives, yet face an increasingly uncertain and protracted transition from school to work and thus into adulthood. This paper investigates how labor market insertion has been evolving over time in Egypt and how the nature of youth transitions relates to gender and social class. We demonstrate that youth today face poorer chances of transitioning into a good job than previous generations, despite large increases in educational attainment. Social class is playing an increasing role in determining the success of the transition from school to work in Egypt. Whether youth successfully make transitions to formal jobs, embark on such transitions and fail, or pursue a traditional route to adulthood depends on a complex and changing interaction between their own educational attainment and the resources of their families. In light of these findings, we discuss the policies that can help facilitate successful transitions for struggling youth in Egypt. |
| Keywords: | Transition from school to work,Youth, Adulthood,Life course,Egypt |
| JEL: | I24 J24 J45 J62 O15 |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:110&r=edu |
| By: | Duque, Valentina; Rosales-Rueda, María; Sánchez, Fabio |
| Abstract: | This study investigates how early-life conditions interact with subsequent human capital investments to influence future educational outcomes. To provide causal evidence, we exploit two sources of exogenous variation: i) variation in early-life environments resulting from a child's exposure to extreme rainfall and drought shocks in early-life; and ii), variation in subsequent investments resulting from the availability of conditional cash transfers (CCT) that promote investments in children's health and education. Using Colombian administrative data, we combine a natural experiment with a regression discontinuity design using the CCT assignment rule. Results show that, although the CCT has an overall positive impact on children's educational outcomes, it does not have a differential effect on children exposed to early-life shocks; however, the overall effect of the program is large enough to mitigate the negative impact of the weather shock. These findings have important policy implications as they provide evidence of the role of social policies in closing gaps generated by early-life trauma. |
| Keywords: | Desarrollo social, Educación, Equidad e inclusión social, Investigación socioeconómica, Salud, Niñez, Familia, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:955&r=edu |
| By: | Estrada, Ricardo |
| Abstract: | In this paper, I use a unique empirical setting that allows me to compare the performance of teachers hired in a discretionary process led by the teachers’ union in Mexico with the performance of those hired on the basis of a screening rule (test scores on a standardized exam). My results show that the discretionary hires perform considerably worse than the rulebased hires (as measured by value added to student achievement). The evidence presented here shows the impact of personnel selection mechanisms on the quality of public service delivery. |
| Keywords: | Educación, Economía, Investigación socioeconómica, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:1083&r=edu |
| By: | Böhlmark, Anders (Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, IFAU, CReAM); Willén, Alexander (Department of Policy Analysis and Management, Cornell University, USA) |
| Abstract: | We examine the effect of ethnic residential segregation on short- and long-term education and labor market outcomes of immigrants and natives. Our identification strategy builds on the one-sided tipping point model, which predicts that neighborhood native population growth drops discontinuously once the immigrant share exceeds a certain threshold. After having identified a statistically and economically significant discontinuity in native population growth at candidate tipping points in the three metropolitan areas of Sweden between 1990 and 2000, we show that these thresholds also are associated with a discontinuous jump in ethnic residential segregation. We exploit these thresholds to estimate the intent-to-treat effect of tipping. We find modest adverse education effects among both immigrants and natives. These effects do not carry over to the labor market. |
| Keywords: | residential segregation; education; labor market; regression discontinuity |
| JEL: | J15 J16 R23 |
| Date: | 2017–08–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ifauwp:2017_014&r=edu |
| By: | Hippolyte D'Albis (PSE - Paris School of Economics, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Angela Greulich (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Grégory Ponthière (PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics, ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEM - Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12) |
| Abstract: | Background: This article questions the demographic consequences of birth postponement in Europe. Objective: Starting from the fact that there is no obvious link between the timing of first births and fertility levels in Europe, we find that under certain circumstances, birth postponement potentially facilitates rather than impedes starting a family. Methods: We apply a synthetic cohort approach and distinguish between different socioeconomic determinants of the timing of first births by using the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). Data is compiled specifically to reduce endogeneity and to eliminate structure effects. Results: We find that the probability of becoming a mother is higher for women who postpone first childbirth due to education and career investment than for women who postpone due to unrealized labour market integration. Conclusions: Educated and economically active women certainly postpone first childbirth in comparison to women who are less educated and who are not working, but they end up with a higher probability of starting a family. Contribution: The article contributes to the academic discussion of circumstances that may lead to birth postponement resulting in higher fertility for younger cohorts in European countries. |
| Keywords: | Labour,Demographic,Education |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-01509665&r=edu |
| By: | Cortés, Darwin; Attanassio, Orazio; Gallego, Juan; Maldonado, Darío; Rodríguez, Paul; Charpak, Nathalie; Tessier, Rejean; Ruiz, Juan Gabriel; Hernández, Tiberio; Uriza, Felipe |
| Abstract: | In this paper we analyze the relationship between skills and some outcomes later in life for a population of premature children. Pretreatment skills and characteristics are good predictors of childhood and adulthood skills and outcomes. Income per capita and parents education at birth are positively correlated with home environment at 6 and 12 months of corrected age. Moreover, parents education and the proportion of workers at home are correlated with the number of preschool years attended by children. Interestingly, health indicators taken during the first year of life are critical factors for decision to enroll into a university, to obtain better results in math scores and earn larger wages. |
| Keywords: | Educación, Economía, Niñez, Familia, Mujer, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:915&r=edu |
| By: | Estrada, Ricardo |
| Abstract: | I use detailed applications data to document a case in which, contrary to prevailing concerns, increasing school stratification by ability co-existed with stable stratification by family income: Mexico City public high schools. To understand this puzzle, I develop a model that shows that the effect of an overall increase in the demand for elite schools on school stratification by family income is a horse race between the correlations of family income and ability, and family income and demand. My empirical analysis reveals an initial (and decreasing) demand gap by family income that explains the observed stability in stratification. |
| Keywords: | Educación, Economía, Investigación socioeconómica, |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dbl:dblwop:1065&r=edu |
| By: | Amal A. Al Hila (Al-Azhar University, Gaza); Mazen J. Al Shobaki (Al-Azhar University, Gaza) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to indicate the role of servant leadership in achieving Excellence Performance from the perspective of workers in technical colleges. The researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach, and the population of the study teaching at the technical college faculty members (Palestine Technical College, and the University College of Science and Technology), and the study tool is a questionnaire applied to a simple random sample were distributed (120) to identify the study sample was obtained at (111) questionnaire at rate of (92.5%). The results of the study showed the followings: the presence of a statistically significant relationship at the level of (α ≤ 0.05) between the servant leadership and achieve Excellence Performance in technical college’s governorates of Gaza Strip. There are statistically significant differences at (α ≤ 0.05) among respondents responses about Servant Leadership and achieve Excellence Performance in technical colleges governorates of the Gaza Strip due to Faculty variable, and in favor of (the University College of Science and Technology), while there are no significant differences due to the qualification and years the service. One of the most important recommendations: the need to choose university leaders, according to objective criteria of scientific and administrative, and prepared so that those leaders will become one of the factors that contribute to the success of any educational change that is advantageous, so to help provide a regulatory environment that encourages innovation and renewal. The need to pay higher education institutions management special attention to all elements of the work environment as an important variable contributing to the impact on the job performance of employees, which will lead to higher morale and increase their loyalty and belonging to the institution, and the introduction of successful models globally. |
| Keywords: | Technical Colleges, Gaza Strip,Servant Leadership, Excellence Performance |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01571279&r=edu |
| By: | Mazen J. Al Shobaki (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Samy S. Abu Naser (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Tarek M. Ammar (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University) |
| Abstract: | The aim of the study is to identify the degree of administrative transparency in the Palestinian higher educational institutions in the Gaza Strip. In the study, the researchers adopted a descriptive and analytical method. The research population consisted of administrative staff, whether academic or administrative, except for those in senior management or the university council. The study population reached 392 employees. A random sample was selected (197). The number of questionnaires recovered was (160) with a recovery rate of (81.2%). The researchers used a questionnaire for the data collection and were treated using SPSS to obtain the results. The results show that there is no significant difference between male responses and female responses due to gender variable. The results also confirm that there is no significant difference between respondents' responses due to the age variable. The results also showed a significant difference between respondents' responses attributed to the university variable. There is a fundamental difference between respondents' responses attributed to the scientifically qualified variable. The results also confirmed a significant difference between respondents' responses attributed to the management level variable. The results also confirmed a significant difference between respondents' responses due to variable years of service. The research reached a number of recommendations, the most important of which is: The necessity of Palestinian universities to adhere to the application of transparency standards in all university activities. The need to benefit from regional and international experience in the application of transparency systems within universities and to examine the possibility of applying these systems in our universities. As well as the need to engage in the program of teaching transparency in universities, as it is confirmed that only five universities participated in this experiment. The importance of raising awareness among the employees of Palestinian universities to clarify the foundations of building transparency and its dimensions to represent the active supporter through workshops and seminars. |
| Keywords: | Gaza,Palestine,Administrative Transparency,Palestinian Universities,Institutions of Higher Education |
| Date: | 2017–04–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01509031&r=edu |
| By: | Mazen J. Al Shobaki (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Samy S. Abu Naser (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University) |
| Abstract: | This study aimed to identify the degree of use of the capabilities of decision-support systems in Palestinian institutions higher education, Aqsa University in Gaza-a case study. The study used a analytical descriptive approach, and the researchers used the of questionnaire tool to collect the data, the researchers using stratified random sample distributed (150) questioners to the study population and (126) was obtained back with rate of 84%. The study showed that the most important results are: that senior management supports the existence of decision support systems and that there is approval by the respondents on the paragraphs of the use of the capabilities of decision support systems in general. And that there are no significant differences between the averages of the answers of respondents differences about the degree of use of decision support systems capabilities attributed to personal data. The study also concluded a series of recommendations including: increasing the adoption of the senior management decision support in their decision-making systems. And increased regulatory attention to the potential available to decision support systems directly to the senior management in the Palestinian universities in the Gaza Strip. There is an increased interest in the physical and technical possibilities available for the use of decision support systems. There is an increased interest in human potential available for the use of decision support systems. Investment of information available to universities in building the capacities of integration techniques and other information technology capabilities. The empowerment of human resources in universities and participating in making decisions concerning the construction of the capabilities of information technology. |
| Keywords: | Decision-support systems,Universities,Al-Aqsa University,Gaza |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01509458&r=edu |
| By: | Samy S. Abu Naser (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University); Mazen J. Al Shobaki (Department of Information Technology - Al-Azhar University) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to study the organizational excellence and the extent of its clarity in the Palestinian universities from the perspective of academic staff. Researchers have used the descriptive and analytical approach and used the questionnaire for data collection and distributed to academic staff in universities. The researchers used a sample stratified random method by the university. The total number of academic staff was (1114) and (235) were distributed to identify the study population. (166) questionnaires were recovered with rate of (70%). We used statistical analysis (SPSS) program for data entry, processing and analysis. The study found the following results: There was consensus among members of the academic staff in universities about the importance of "leadership excellence" as one of the elements of organizational excellence, and received a large proportion of approval to some extent. And it agreed to the views of members of the academic staff in universities about the importance of "service-excellence" as one of the elements of organizational excellence, and received a large proportion of consent. And it agreed to the views of members of the academic staff at universities about the importance of "cognitive excellence" as one of the elements of organizational excellence, and obtained the approval of average of the proportion. And it agreed to the views of members of the academic staff in universities about the importance of "organizational excellence ". The study found a set of recommendations, including: the development of a system of incentives and bundle actually how creativity and innovation practiced by workers so that distinguished them according to the level of exercise which encourages them all for creativity and excellence. Providing continuous learning opportunities for all employees raise the efficiency of the members of the academics in line with contemporary technological development. And encourage universities to create an advisory centers within the university to serve the institutions of civil society, and the development of the exchange of information between universities and institutions, and the formation of centers for the commercialization of university education process. |
| Keywords: | Organizational Excellence,Academic staff,Leadership Excellence,Services Excellence,Knowledge Excellence |
| Date: | 2017–05–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01522415&r=edu |