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on Education |
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Issue of 2010‒01‒23
seven papers chosen by Joao Carlos Correia Leitao Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre and Technical University of Lisbon |
| By: | Mason, Patrick L. |
| Abstract: | This study examines whether there is differential productivity associated with teachers trained within Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University’s college of education relative to teachers trained in other colleges and schools affiliated with the same university. We also examined whether there is differential productivity associated with alternative majors within and between the college of education and other academic units. We measure the productivity of a teacher by the educational achievement of pupils assigned to that teacher during a given year. We find that among pupils taught by recent graduates of FAMU, there is greater academic achievement among elementary school pupils taught by a teacher with a college major in elementary education than among elementary school pupils taught by a teacher with a college major in either secondary education or a non-education subject area. However, relative to secondary education and non-education majors, elementary education majors provide less value-added in middle school and high school. |
| Keywords: | teacher quality; value-added model; historically black colleges and universities; HBCU; teacher productivity; education and value-added |
| JEL: | J45 I2 J44 J15 J48 |
| Date: | 2010–01–15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:20060&r=edu |
| By: | Belot, Michèle; James, Jonathan |
| Abstract: | This paper provides field evidence on the effects of diet on educational outcomes, exploiting a campaign lead in the UK in 2004, which introduced drastic changes in the meals, offered in the schools of one Borough â Greenwich - shifting from low-budget processed meals towards healthier options. We evaluate the effect of the campaign on educational outcomes in primary schools using a difference in differences approach; comparing educational outcomes in primary schools (key stage 2 outcomes more specifically) before and after the reform, using the neighbouring Local Education Authorities as a control group. We find evidence that educational outcomes did improve significantly in English and Science. We also find that the campaign lead to a 15% fall in authorised absences â which are most likely linked to illness and health. |
| Keywords: | Child nutrition, Child health, School meals, Education, Natural Experiment, Placebo effect, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Health Economics and Policy, J13, I18, I28, H51, H52, |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aawewp:56207&r=edu |
| By: | Becker, Sascha O.; Woessmann, Ludger |
| Abstract: | This paper uses recently discovered data on nearly 300 Prussian counties in 1816 to show that Protestantism led to more schools and higher school enrollment already before the industrialization. This evidence supports the human capital theory of Protestant economic history of Becker and Woessmann (2009), where Protestantism first led to better education, which in turn facilitated industrial development. It rules out that the existing end-of-19th-century evidence can be explained by a Weberian explanation, where a Protestant work ethic first led to industrialization which then increased the demand for education. |
| Keywords: | Pre-Industrialization; Protestantism; Education |
| Date: | 2010–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stl:stledp:2010-01&r=edu |
| By: | Digdowiseiso, Kumba |
| Abstract: | While income inequality in third world countries has aggressively been commented and studied extensively, little analysis is relatively available on measuring inequality in other dimensions of human development. The main findings suggest that inequality in education as measured by education Gini is negatively associated with average years schooling, implying that higher education attainments are more likely to achieve equality in education. Moreover, a clear pattern on an education Kuznets curve exists if standard deviation of schooling is used. Furthermore, gender gaps are related to education inequality and the relation between these variables become stronger over time. |
| Keywords: | Education; Inequality; Indonesia |
| JEL: | A20 I21 |
| Date: | 2010–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:19865&r=edu |
| By: | Brunello, Giorgio (University of Padova); Fabbri, Daniele (University of Bologna); Fort, Margherita (University of Bologna) |
| Abstract: | We use the compulsory school reforms implemented in European countries after the II World War to investigate the causal effect of education on the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the incidence of overweight and obesity among European females. Our IV estimates suggest that years of schooling have a protective effect on BMI. The size of the estimated effect is not negligible but smaller than the one found in comparable recent work for the US. We depart from the current empirical literature in three main directions. First, we use a multi-country approach. Second, we complement the standard analysis of the causal impact of years of schooling on BMI with one relying on a broader measure of education, i.e. individual standardized cognitive tests, and show that the current focus in the literature on years of schooling as the measure of education is not misplaced. Last, we evaluate whether the current focus on conditional mean effects should be integrated with an approach which allows for heterogeneous responses to changes in compulsory education. Although our evidence based on quantile regressions is mixed, there is some indication that the protective effect of schooling does not increase monotonically from the lower to the upper quantile of the distribution of BMI. Rather, the marginal effect is stronger among overweight (but not obese) females than among females with BMI above 30. |
| Keywords: | obesity, human capital, Europe |
| JEL: | I12 I21 |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4667&r=edu |
| By: | Kalenkoski, Charlene M. (Ohio University); Pabilonia, Sabrina W. (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) |
| Abstract: | We use detailed time-diary information on high school students' daily activities from the 2003-2008 American Time Use Surveys (ATUS) to investigate the effects of employment on the time a student spends on homework and other major activities. Time-diary data are more detailed and accurate than data derived from responses to 'usual activity' survey questions underlying other analyses and capture the immediate effects of working that may well accumulate over time to affect future outcomes. Our results suggest that employment decreases the time that high school students spend on human-capital-building activities such as homework and extracurricular activities, but also decreases screen time, which may be considered unproductive time. Results for sleep suggest that working teens may not suffer from reduced sleep time. |
| Keywords: | teenagers, employment, high school, time allocation |
| JEL: | J13 J22 J24 |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp4666&r=edu |
| By: | Wan-Hsin LIU |
| Abstract: | This paper analyses academia-industry linkages of the Hong Kong (HK) electronics small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and investigates the role of active innovation policies in this regard. It uses data collected from a questionnaire survey in HK, focusing on three main academia-industry linkages: academic institutions as training bases, as innovation sources and as innovation partners for companies. Our analysis results show that HK companies tend to rely on hiring highly-qualified labour trained by academic institutions to gain access to advanced academic knowledge. In contrast, they do not yet perceive academic institutions as important sources or partners for their innovation activities; however, their willingness to do so seems to be positively affected by the active innovation policies on site |
| Keywords: | academia-industry linkage, innovation policy, Hong Kong, China |
| JEL: | L60 O31 O38 R10 |
| Date: | 2009–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:kie:kieliw:1577&r=edu |