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on Economic Design |
| By: | Bailey, Martha J. (University of California, Los Angeles); Byker, Tanya (Middlebury College); Patel, Elena (University of Utah); Ramnath, Shanthi (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago) |
| Abstract: | We use administrative tax data to analyze the cumulative, long-run effects of California's 2004 Paid Family Leave Act (CPFL) on women's employment, earnings, and childbearing. A regression-discontinuity design exploits the sharp increase in the weeks of paid leave available under the law. We find no evidence that CPFL increased employment, boosted earnings, or encouraged childbearing, suggesting that CPFL had little effect on the gender pay gap or child penalty. For first-time mothers, we find that CPFL reduced employment and earnings roughly a decade after they gave birth. |
| Keywords: | leave taking, gender, maternity leave, labor market, gender gap, regression discontinuity |
| JEL: | J08 J16 J71 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16756&r=des |
| By: | Diane Manzon (IMBE - Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale - AU - Avignon Université - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 4D pharma plc); Badih Ghattas (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Magalie Claeys-Bruno (IMBE - Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale - AU - Avignon Université - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Sophie Declomesnil (4D pharma plc); Christophe Carité (4D pharma plc); Michelle Sergent (IMBE - Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale - AU - Avignon Université - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | In pharmaceutical studies, the Quality by Design (QbD) approach is increasingly being implemented to improve product development. Product quality is tested at each step of the manufacturing process, allowing a better process understanding and a better risk management, thus avoiding manufacturing defects. A key element of QbD is the construction of a Design Space (DS), i.e., a region in which the specifications on the output parameters should be met. Among the various possible construction methods, Designs of Experiments (DoE), and more precisely Response Surface Methodology, represent a perfectly adapted tool. The DS obtained may have any geometrical shape; consequently, the acceptable variation range of an input may depend on the value of other inputs. However, the experimenters would like to directly know the variation range of each input so that their variation domains are independent. In this context, we developed a method to determine the "Proven Acceptable Independent Range" (PAIR). It consists of looking for all the hyper polyhedra included in the multidimensional DS and selecting a hyper polyhedron according to various strategies. We will illustrate the performance of our method on different DoE cases. |
| Keywords: | Quality by Design (QbD), Design of Experiments (DoE), Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Design Space (DS), Proven Acceptable Independent Range (PAIR) |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04021786&r=des |
| By: | Adam R. Swietek |
| Abstract: | Financial criteria in architectural design evaluation are limited to cost performance. Here, I introduce a method, Automated Design Appraisal (ADA), to predict the market price of a generated building design concept within a local urban context. Integrating ADA with 3D building performance simulations enables financial impact assessment that exceeds the spatial resolution of previous work. Within an integrated impact assessment, ADA measures the direct and localized effect of urban development. To demonstrate its practical utility, I study local devaluation risk due to nearby development associated with changes to visual landscape quality. The results shed light on the relationship between amenities and property value, identifying clusters of properties physically exposed or financially sensitive to local land-use change. Beyond its application as a financial sensitivity tool, ADA serves as a blueprint for architectural design optimization procedures, in which economic performance is evaluated based on learned preferences derived from financial market data. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.08645&r=des |
| By: | Lily Ling Yang |
| Abstract: | We study a persuasion problem when the receiver has the ability to probabilistically verify the state at a cost. The sender wants to convince the receiver to accept a project but the receiver is only willing to accept the project when the quality is above a threshold. The optimal disclosure policy balances between influencing the receiver's decisions to accept and to verify the quality. The optimal disclosure is deterministic and involves at most three messages, each consisting of an action recommendation and a verification recommendation. In the optimal disclosure, the action recommendation has a cutoff structure while the verification recommendation has a negative assortative structure. Specifically, the optimal disclosure recommends acceptance when the quality is above a threshold. When the quality is below this threshold, rejection without verification is recommended. Above this threshold, verification is not recommended when the quality lies in the middle range of the interval. The optimal disclosure reveals more information compared to the case where verification is exogenous. |
| Keywords: | Bayesian persuasion, Information design, Costly information acquisition, Costly state veri cation, Product recommendation |
| JEL: | D82 D83 |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bon:boncrc:crctr224_2024_502&r=des |