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on Discrete Choice Models |
| By: | Wehner, Caroline; de Grip, Andries (RS: GSBE Theme Learning and Work, RS: SBE - MACIMIDE, Research Centre for Educ and Labour Mark); Pfeifer, Harald |
| Abstract: | This paper explores whether firms recruit workers with different personality traits for different tasks. For our analysis, we used data from a discrete choice experiment conducted among recruiters of 634 firms in Germany. Recruiters were asked to choose between job applicants who differed in seven aspects: professional competence, the ‘big five’ personality traits and the prospective wage level. We found that all personality traits affect the hiring probability of the job applicant; among them, conscientiousness and agreeableness have the strongest effects. However, recruiters’ preferences differed for different job tasks. For analytical tasks, recruiters prefer more open and conscientious applicants, whereas they favour more open, extraverted, and agreeable workers for interactive tasks. |
| JEL: | J23 D91 M51 |
| Date: | 2020–12–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umaror:2020012&r=all |
| By: | Wehner, Caroline; de Grip, Andries (RS: GSBE Theme Learning and Work, RS: SBE - MACIMIDE, Research Centre for Educ and Labour Mark); Pfeifer, Harald |
| Abstract: | This paper explores whether firms recruit workers with different personality traits for different tasks. For our analysis, we used data from a discrete choice experiment conducted among recruiters of 634 firms in Germany. Recruiters were asked to choose between job applicants who differed in seven aspects: professional competence, the ‘big five’ personality traits and the prospective wage level. We found that all personality traits affect the hiring probability of the job applicant; among them, conscientiousness and agreeableness have the strongest effects. However, recruiters’ preferences differed for different job tasks. For analytical tasks, recruiters prefer more open and conscientious applicants, whereas they favour more open, extraverted, and agreeable workers for interactive tasks. |
| JEL: | J23 D91 M51 |
| Date: | 2020–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:umagsb:2020035&r=all |
| By: | Alvaro Gutierrez Vargas; Michel Meulders; Martina Vandebroek |
| Abstract: | In this article, we describe the randregret command, which imple-ments a variety of Random Regret Minimization (RRM) models. The command allows the user to apply the classic RRM model introduced in Chorus (2010, Eu-ropean Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 10: 181-196), the Gener-alized RRM model introduced in Chorus (2014, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 68: 224-238), and also the µRRM and Pure RRM models, both introduced in van Cranenburgh et al. (2015, Transportation Research Part A: Pol-icy and Practice 74: 91-109). We illustrate the usage of the randregret command using stated choice data on route preferences. The command offers robust and cluster standard error correction using analytical expressions of the scores func-tions. It also offers likelihood ratio tests that can be used to assess the relevance of a given model speciï¬cation. Finally, users can obtain the predicted probabilities from each model using the randregretpred command. |
| Keywords: | randregret, randregret pure, randregretpred, discrete choice models, semi-compensatory behavior, random utility maximization, random regret mini-mization |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:kbiper:664773&r=all |
| By: | Persichina, Marco (CERE - the Center for Environmental and Resource Economics); Kriström, Bengt (CERE - the Center for Environmental and Resource Economics) |
| Abstract: | Standard elicitation approaches used to obtain quantitative information typically assumes that individuals can provide a precise value. For unfamiliar (as as well as familiar) goods, this is a strong assumption. We suggest they use of self-selected intervals, in which the shortest possible interval is a point, i.e. the standard case. To explore this idea we use a state-of-the-art psychophysics lab experiment (N=60), in which five "focal" sound environments were randomly inserted into a set of 30 pairwise comparisons to elicit the subjective value of reducing ambient noise. We found that valuation uncertainty, measured as the length of a self-selected interval, is independent of the psychophysical conditions. The length of the interval is determined mainly by the subjective value of improving the environment, independent of the level of noise. These results, according to our review of the literature, are new. Interval elicitation enable individuals to provide reasonably consistent rankings of environmental improvements, even if individuals find it difficult to pin down a precise value. Thus, self-selected interval elicitation seems to have merit. |
| Keywords: | self-selected interval; willingness to pay; elicitation surveys; psychophysics stimuli; sound experiment |
| JEL: | C91 D61 D91 Q59 |
| Date: | 2020–12–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:slucer:2020_016&r=all |
| By: | Irene Maria Buso; Daniela Di Cagno; Sofia De Caprariis; Lorenzo Ferrari; Vittorio Larocca; Luisa Lorè; Francesca Marazzi; Luca Panaccione; Lorenzo Spadoni |
| Abstract: | Like commerce and administrative work, based on physical interaction, also academic work had to be suspended or was at least troubled by serious difficulties caused by social distancing imposed to limit the spread of Covid-19. In particular, experimental game playing was fully hit by the recent pandemic. Although there has been a rise in internet experiments, corresponding data are problematic in various aspects related to experimental control and participants’ interaction. Are there chances to continue research via web-lab experiments but with lab-like findings? We present here a novel methodology to collect lab-like data online allowing for control of experimental subjects and with findings consistent with earlier laboratory research. Our protocol is based on an architecture of connected platforms allowing to preserve the main features of the physical lab. We present the results of an experiment run online following our protocol in Luiss CESARE Lab during the pandemic to discuss the validation of our methodology. |
| Keywords: | methodology, experiments, lab-like data, Covid-19. |
| JEL: | C81 C90 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lui:cesare:2003&r=all |
| By: | Charles Raux (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Amandine Chevalier (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Emmanuel Bougna (LAET - Laboratoire Aménagement Économie Transports - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - ENTPE - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Denis Hilton (UT2J - Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès) |
| Abstract: | The potential of psychological and fiscal framing interventions in motivating environmentally responsible behavior is explored in a context of long distance leisure travel. A series of discrete choice experiments is conducted with 789 participants. Framing conditions like information on CO2 emissions, an injunctive and a descriptive norm, fiscal incentives such as a carbon tax, a bonus-malus and a personal carbon trading scheme are tested while controlling the usual travel price-duration tradeoff. Pricing (including internalization of social cost of CO2 through fiscal incentives) has the expected effect of reducing the choice of travelling and hence CO2 emissions. Providing information on CO2 emissions of each transport alternative significantly reduces preferences for the most emitting modes (air) and favors a less emitting mode (train). Framing the fiscal incentive as personal carbon trading adds a moderate incentive to the price effect in reducing air choice. |
| Keywords: | Transport,CO2 emissions,Discrete choice experiments,Psychological interventions,Bonus-malus,Personal carbon trading,Working Papers du LAET |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03045959&r=all |
| By: | Shaheen, Susan PhD; Wong, Stephen PhD |
| Abstract: | While the COVID-19 crisis has devastated many public transit and shared mobility services, it has also exposed underlying issues in how these services are provided to society. As ridership drops and revenues decline, many public and private providers may respond by cutting service or reducing vehicle maintenance to save costs. As a result, those who depend on public transit and shared mobility services, particularly those without access to private automobiles, will experience further loss of their mobility. These transportation shifts will be further influenced by changing work-from-home policies (e.g., telework). While uncertainty remains, work-from-home will likely alter public transit and shared mobility needs and patterns, necessitating different services, operation plans, and business structures. |
| Keywords: | Engineering |
| Date: | 2020–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsrrp:qt9nh6w2gq&r=all |
| By: | Alem, Yonas; Hassen, Sied; Köhlin, Gunnar |
| Abstract: | We use a field experiment to identify how differences in preferences and autonomy in decision-making result in low willingness-to-pay (WTP) for technologies that can benefit all members of the household. We create income earning opportunities to empower households and elicit their WTP for fuel, time and indoor air pollution-reducing improved cookstoves through a real stove purchase experiment. The decision to buy the stove was randomly assigned to either wives, husbands or couples. Experimental results suggest that wives, who often are responsible for cooking and collecting fuelwood, are willing to pay 57% more than husbands, and 39% more than couples. Wives who earned their own income are willing to pay 67% more than husbands who earned their own income, and 45% more than couples. Results also show that women who have higher reported decision-making autonomy are willing to pay substantially more than those with lower decision-making autonomy. A follow up survey conducted 15 months after the stove purchase shows that neither the treatments nor decision-making autonomy have any effect on stove use. Our findings highlight the importance of considering division of labor, preference difference and decisionmaking autonomy within the household when promoting adoption of new household technologies, and that simple income earning opportunities enable poor women to make decisions that are in their best interest. |
| Keywords: | preference,decision-making autonomy,willingness-to-pay |
| JEL: | C78 C93 D13 O12 Q56 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:874&r=all |
| By: | Diao, Xinshen; Dorosh, Paul A.; Fang, Peixun; Schmidt, Emily |
| Abstract: | Developments in the agricultural economy of Papua New Guinea have major impacts on household food consumption decisions. A household’s ability to produce and sell food is affected by climate and associated agricultural potential, market opportunities (domestic, import and export) and unexpected shocks. Each of these factors affects the overall food system, thereby influencing production and consumption of all food products and the markets in which they are traded. The COVID-19 pandemic has presented a challenge far more complex than an agricultural production shock, such as those due to El Niño or pests. Rather than directly affecting agricultural output and rural household welfare, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected economies across the globe via trade disruptions (logistic challenges; international trade barriers), social distancing policies (domestic food market and nonessential business closures), and transportation restrictions (road closures; air travel cancellations). The measures aimed to curb the spread of COVID-19 have affected household incomes via urban job losses, reduced market interaction, and dramatic changes in world food prices. While rice prices have increased, luxury food prices, such as for chocolate (i.e. cocoa), have decreased. PNG’s unique and highly varied biophysical landscape has shaped agricultural production patterns, outcomes, and livelihoods for centuries. Understanding how the PNG agrifood economy and resulting household consumption is affected by COVID-19 therefore requires attention to linkages and substitution effects across various products and the markets in which they are traded. |
| Keywords: | PAPUA NEW GUINEA, OCEANIA, Coronavirus, coronavirus disease, Coronavirinae, COVID-19, urban areas, households, rural areas, food consumption, household income, models, trade, markets, Multi-market Model, food economy |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:pngprn:7&r=all |