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on Discrete Choice Models |
| By: | Elzir Assy, Angela (World Bank); Ribeiro, Tiago (World Bank); Robalino, David A. (World Bank); Rosati, Furio C. (University of Rome Tor Vergata); Sanchez Puerta, Maria Laura (World Bank); Weber, Michael (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents the main results of three Discrete Choice Experiments designed to estimate youth preferences for different jobs attributes, and their willingness to pay for support services to access wage or self-employment. The experiments took place in urban areas in Kenya. We find that youth, in general, prefer to work in jobs that have the attributes of formal employment regardless of the tasks involved. Thus, they value earning stability, access to social insurance (in particular health insurance), and adequate working conditions. They do not have well defined preferences though between analytical vs. manual repetitive tasks or tasks that involve interpersonal/organizational skills or creativity. The main services youth demand to facilitate access to wage employment include jobs search assistance and training on soft-skills, followed by OJT and wage subsidies; they are not interested in technical training. For self-employment, they mainly seek support accessing credit, inputs and equipment, and insurance. Their willingness to pay for these services is modest relative to the average per capita cost of ALMPs, but it represents a substantial share of the payments made to youth and employers who participate in these programs. |
| Keywords: | youth employment, ALMP, discrete choice experiment |
| JEL: | J2 J6 |
| Date: | 2019–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12864&r=all |
| By: | Phoebe Koundouri; Nikos Chatzistamoulou (AUEB); Osiel Gonzalez Davila; Amerissa Giannouli; Nikolaos Kourogenis (Department of Banking and Financial Management, University of Piraeus.); Anastasios Xepapadeas; Peter A. Xepapadeas |
| Abstract: | In 2008 European Commission launches the Open Access Infrastructure for Research in Europe project (OpenAIRE), supporting Open Access (OA) in scientific information and research output. In this paper, we assess the economic sustainability of the OpenAIRE project. The empirical strategy is developed through a Cost-Benefit Analysis framework to evaluate and compare the costs and benefits of OpenAIRE services to provide recommendations on the project's economic efficiency and sustainability, a non-market valuation method based on the results of a 'Choice Experiment' to calculate the Total Economic Value generated by OpenAIRE and a full preference ranking approach. Findings indicate that stakeholders prefer interoperability between research platforms and output, better access to scientific results and compliance to Open Access mandates. Furthermore, net social benefits for the basic services for 15 years are at least 5 times higher than costs' present value while the potential R&D effect from research suggests even larger benefits in the long run. Subscriptions based on the estimated willingness to pay and cost, institutional subsidies and public awareness are the main recommendations for the sustainable operation of OpenAIRE. This study contributes to the literature on monetary valuation of the benefits and costs of Open Access to scientific knowledge. |
| Keywords: | Open Access, OpenAIRE, Research and Economic Valuation, Choice Experiment, Rank-ordered Logit, Cost Benefit Analysis |
| Date: | 2020–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aue:wpaper:2001&r=all |
| By: | Tal, Gil PhD; Chakraborty, Debapriya PhD; Jenn, Alan PhD; Lee, Jae Hyun PhD |
| Abstract: | The public sector and the private sector, which includes automakers and charging network companies, are increasingly investing in building charging infrastructure to encourage the adoption and use of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and to ensure that current facilities are not congested. However, building infrastructure is costly and, as with road congestion, when there is significant uptake of PEVs, we may not be able to “build out of congestion.” We modelled the choice of charging location that more than 3000 PEV drivers make when given the options of home, work, and public locations. Our study focused on understanding the importance of factors driving demand such as: the cost of charging, driver characteristics, access to charging infrastructure, and vehicle characteristics. We found that differences in the cost of charging play an important role in the demand for charging location. PEV drivers tend to substitute workplace charging for home charging when they pay a higher electricity rate at home, more so when the former is free. Additionally, socio-demographic factors like dwelling type and gender, as well as vehicle technology factors like electric range, influence the choice of charging location. |
| Keywords: | Engineering, Electric vehicle charging, electric vehicles, energy consumption, costs, demand, workplaces, dwellings, choice models, energy storage systems |
| Date: | 2020–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt1jh8127j&r=all |
| By: | de Boer, Henk-Wim (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis); Jongen, Egbert L. W. (CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis) |
| Abstract: | We combine the strengths of structural models and natural experiments in the analysis of tax-benefit reforms in the Netherlands. First we estimate structural discrete-choice models for labour supply. Next we simulate key past reforms and compare the predictions of the structural model with the outcomes of quasi-experimental studies. The structural model predicts the treatment effects well. The structural model then allows us to conduct counterfactual policy analysis. Policies targeted at working mothers with young children generate the largest labour supply responses, but generate little additional government revenue. Introducing a at tax, basic income or joint taxation is not effective. |
| Keywords: | tax-benefit reform, natural experiments, structural models, Netherlands |
| JEL: | C25 C52 H31 J22 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp12892&r=all |