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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2021‒11‒15
twelve papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Dirk Czarnitzki; Kristof Van Criekingen |
| Abstract: | From a firm’s perspective two competing forces are driving the decision to invest in innovation. On the one hand, innovative performance is an important driver of profitability and growth. On the other hand, investments in innovation suffer from negative externalities, i.e. spillovers to other firms, and hence imitation could be induced. To preempt imitation firms may protect their inventions by means of intellectual property rights, such as patents. By taking out a patent, however, a firm also conveys information about the functioning of the invention to competitors. In this empirical paper, we highlight the trade-off of patenting by setting up a recursive system of equations on knowledge leakage and imitation that, among other factors, may be partly determined by firms’ patenting activity. Thereby we contribute to the debate on the functioning of the contemporary patent system. We find that patenting firms are being less confronted with imitation. The effect of patents on the dissemination of R&D findings is, however, insignificant. Therefore, we conclude that patent disclosures do not significantly harm the appropriability conditions for inventions, but help to protect, at least partly, against imitation, as it has been originally envisaged by policy. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, R&D, Imitation, Dissemination, Patents |
| Date: | 2021–10–29 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:msiper:682983&r= |
| By: | Victoria Galan-Muros (Innovative Futures Institute); Fatime Barbara Hegyi (European Commission - JRC); Alep Blancas; Andrea Sagredo |
| Abstract: | In the last decades, so-called geographies of innovation have emerged worldwide as vehicles to drive economic development. These urban areas are planned and actively managed spatial clustering of a wide range of innovative organisations and intermediaries to undertake collaborative innovation activities. However, the concept of geography of innovation (or innovation geography) remains ambiguous. In addition, there are no commonly accepted definitions or classifications of different models of geographies of innovation. Terms such as park, hub, district, cluster, and ecosystem are used interchangeably, and their definitions can be far-reaching and adaptable. The key question addressed in this research is the main challenges of current policies for geographies of innovation in Europe, offering a view on how governments can better support the emergence and development of geographies of innovation in Europe.Hence, this report aims to explore the concept of geographies of innovation as an evolution of industrial and business clustering combining theoretical and practical approaches. The authors propose a definition and classification of the different models of geographies of innovation, highlighting some of the main challenges in implementing this identification and measurement. The comparative case study analysis containing thirteen case studies from four cities provide evidence supporting the development of European, national, or regional policies, enabling current and future geographies of innovation to enhance their performance and their contributions to greener, cleaner, socially more just, and overall to more developed cities and regions in Europe and beyond. |
| Keywords: | geographies of innovation, innovation districts, economic development, social development, policy development, policy support |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc125482&r= |
| By: | João Marcos Preato Deolindo (UFS); Márcia Siqueira Rapini (Cedeplar/UFMG) |
| Abstract: | The present work intends to evaluate the impacts of the Professional Master in Technological Innovation and Intellectual Property of the UFMG in the contribution of the university to the firm’s technological innovation and by reducing the so-called learning divide . Besides, the role of the universities in the National Innovation Systems is addressed in a historical perspective, but also in a contemporary way, by means of the discussion on the three current main approaches about the University-Firm relationship. The Latin American approach, proposed by Arocena and Sutz (2003, 2005), is highlighted in this monograph for making opposition to models based on developed economies, presenting directions for the universities that are better suited for countries characterized by technological backwardness, deep social and income inequalities and scarcity of “interactive learning spaces”. The methodology adopted consists of a descriptive analysis of the responses collected with a survey applied to alumni students of the program and the results reverberate the findings of Arocena and Sutz (2010) about the problem of weak knowledge demand in the South and reaffirm the importance of a more activity role of universities in the social development. |
| Keywords: | Professional master, innovation, learning divides, university-firm interaction, social development. |
| JEL: | O39 |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdp:texdis:td636&r= |
| By: | LEOGRANDE, ANGELO; COSTANTIELLO, ALBERTO; LAURETI, LUCIO |
| Abstract: | In this article we estimate the determinants of broadband penetration in Europe. We use data from the European Innovation Scoreboard of the European Commission for 37 countries in the period 2010-2019. We apply Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Panel Data with Random Effects, WLS, OLS and Dynamic Panel. We found that the level of “Broadband Penetration” in Europe is positively associated to “Enterprises Providing ICT Training”, “Innovative Sales Share”, “Intellectual Assets”, “Knowledge-Intensive Service Exports”, “Turnover Share SMEs”, “Innovation Friendly Environment” and negatively associated with “Government procurement of advanced technology products”, “Sales Impact”, “Firm Investments”, “Opportunity-Driven Entrepreneurship”, “Most Cited Publications”, “Rule of Law”. In adjunct we perform a clusterization with k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette Coefficient and we find the presence of three different clusters. Finally, we apply eight machine learning algorithms to predict the level of “Broadband Penetration” in Europe and we find that the Polynomial Regression algorithm is the best predictor and that the level of the variable is expected to increase of 10,4%. |
| Keywords: | General; Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives; Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Intellectual Property and Intellectual Capital. |
| JEL: | O30 O31 O32 O33 O34 |
| Date: | 2021–10–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110457&r= |
| By: | Bian, Bo; Meier, Jean-Marie; Xu, Ting |
| Abstract: | We identify strong cross-border institutions as a driver for the globalization of in-novation. Using 67 million patents from over 100 patent offices, we introduce novel measures of innovation diffusion and collaboration. Exploiting staggered bilateral in-vestment treaties as shocks to cross-border property rights and contract enforcement, we show that signatory countries increase technology adoption and sourcing from each other. They also increase R&D collaborations. These interactions result in techno-logical convergence. The effects are particularly strong for process innovation, and for countries that are technological laggards or have weak domestic institutions. Increased inter-firm rather than intra-firm foreign investment is the key channel. |
| Keywords: | Innovation,technology diffusion,globalization,cross-border institutions,bilateral investment treaties |
| JEL: | F21 F61 G18 G38 K33 O31 O33 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:lawfin:23&r= |
| By: | DI MININ Alberto; DE MASSIS Alfredo; MONCADA PATERNO' CASTELLO Pietro (European Commission - JRC); MARQUES SANTOS Anabela (European Commission - JRC); HAEGEMAN Karel (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The Covid-19 pandemic has triggered many challenges, but also opportunities, for businesses across Europe. We examine how the innovation and growth of firms in the EU have been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, and how as “European Innovation Champions”, SMEs reacted to the resultant shock. We find that compared to non-innovative firms, the economic performance of innovative firms in the EU has been considerably less affected by the pandemic. We also identify five different paradoxical behaviours of ‘European Innovation Champions” during the peak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Industrial policies targeting SMEs should be flexible and allow companies to adapt their investment plans in line with the evolving conditions to preserve and succeed through the crisis. EU instruments, such as the Recovery and Resilience Facility and Horizon Europe, offer wide opportunities for firms to exit from the Covid-19 crisis and boost their future competitiveness. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, innovation, growth, firms |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc126964&r= |
| By: | RIGHI Riccardo (European Commission - JRC); LOPEZ COBO Montserrat (European Commission - JRC); SAMOILI Sofia (European Commission - JRC); CARDONA Melisande (European Commission - JRC); VAZQUEZ-PRADA BAILLET Miguel (European Commission - JRC); DE PRATO Giuditta (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | The brief presents the results of the AI worldwide ecosystem analysis for the period 2009-2020, by applying the Techno-Economic ecoSystem (TES) analytical approach. The TES approach allows to map the AI worldwide ecosystem by considering the main AI-related industrial, innovation and research activities, and all the economic players that are involved in them (i.e. firms, research institutes, governmental institutions). The brief analyses the position of the EU in the international context, via-à-vis the United States, China, and other main players in the landscape, in terms of size of the AI ecosystem, specialisation in AI areas, AI firms and AI R&D capacities. It follows with an in-depth analysis of the EU ecosystem, with a section devoted to the impact of EC-funded projects on the EU AI ecosystem. |
| Keywords: | artificial intelligence, ecosystem, ai firms, ai R&D |
| Date: | 2021–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc125613&r= |
| By: | Velilla, Jorge |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use different sources of data from the GEM to show a descriptive and comparative analysis of the different dimensions of the entrepreneurial activity, in the Spanish regions, and at international level. We also study the individual determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Spain, and Europe, using bootstrapping techniques to avoid overfitted results. The results indicate that entrepreneurial levels in Spain are below the average of European countries, and also below the levels of United States, Canada, and Australia. However, the determinants of entrepreneurship appear to be similar in all the regions studied. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship; GEM data; Spain |
| JEL: | L26 |
| Date: | 2021–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:110323&r= |
| By: | Dossou, Smith A.R.; Aoudji, Augustin K. N.; Vissoh, Pierre; Zannou, Afio |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Labor and Human Capital |
| Date: | 2021–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae21:315361&r= |
| By: | Fabio Manca; Giuseppe Piroli |
| Abstract: | What are the drivers of growth and convergence in productivity at regional level? Differences in the stock of human capital across regions are hypothesized to be the major cause of differences in the speed by which following regions converge and catch-up with the most advanced ones. In addition, we test the role played by R&D expenditures and institutions exploiting a database covering European regions from 1995 to 2015, which includes regional total factor productivity (TFP) computed by the conventional residual approach. We find robust empirical evidence for these hypotheses in terms of both model specifications and sectoral disaggregation. |
| Keywords: | Regional Studies, European Regions, Catching-up, Total Factor Productivity |
| JEL: | P48 D24 J24 E02 C31 C33 |
| Date: | 2021–10–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eei:rpaper:eeri_rp_2021_07&r= |
| By: | Chu, Shuai; Wu, Mengfei |
| Abstract: | The fundamental purpose of university geographic clustering is to gather resources through "agglomeration" to improve the performance of higher education and scientific research. However, it has been debated whether university clusters can achieve the latter goal. With the help of the “quasi-experiment” of Chinese "University Towns" project in the 1990s, this study determines the impact of university clusters on scientific research performance. Panel data of 2000 colleges and universities from 1993 to 2017 in the compilation of scientific and technical statistics of Chinese higher education and time-varying difference in differences method are used. The results show that the cluster of colleges and universities have a significant negative impact on the scientific research performance due to technological dis-proximity and rising commuting costs. And the clustering effect is related to the number of participating schools and the level of the university. Therefore, university clustering cannot effectively promote the performance of scientific research and unable to bring agglomeration economies. |
| Keywords: | University cluster,Economies of agglomeration,Scientific research performance,Time-varying difference in differences method |
| JEL: | I23 O38 O53 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:963&r= |
| By: | Bakk, Zsuzsa; Di Mari, Roberto; Oser, Jennifer; Kuha, Jouni |
| Abstract: | In this article, we present a two-stage estimation approach applied to multilevel latent class analysis (LCA) with covariates. We separate the estimation of the measurement and structural model. This makes the extension of the structural model computationally efficient. We investigate the robustness against misspecifications of the proposed two-stage and the classical one-stage approach for models where a direct effect exists between indicators of the LC model and covariate, and the direct effect is ignored. |
| Keywords: | covariates; direct effect; multilevel latent class analysis; two-stage estimation |
| JEL: | C1 |
| Date: | 2021–10–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:112510&r= |