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on Economics of Strategic Management |
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Issue of 2016‒06‒09
fourteen papers chosen by João José de Matos Ferreira Universidade da Beira Interior |
| By: | Sándor Juhász; Balázs Lengyel |
| Abstract: | Knowledge networks in industrial clusters are frequently analyzed but we know very little about creation and persistence of ties in these networks. We argue that tie creation primarily depends on opportunities and thus the position ofactors in the network and in space; while tie persistence is influenced by the value of the tie. Accordingly, results from a Hungarian printing and paper product cluster suggest that reciprocity, triadic closure, and geographical proximity between firms increase the probability of tie creation. Tie persistence is positively affected by technological proximity between firms and the number of their extra-regional ties. |
| Keywords: | knowledge networks, clusters, network dynamics, stochastic actor-oriented models |
| JEL: | D85 L14 R11 O31 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1613&r=cse |
| By: | Lee, Yoo Hwan; Graff, Gregory D. |
| Abstract: | This study examines the mechanisms and geographic scope of the impact of university knowledge spillovers on the agricultural economy, using the case of Colorado State University (CSU) and the state’s agricultural economy. Our findings show that the spillover impacts of journal publications are rarely localized within Colorado; rather, the geographic scope of these impacts is national and even global. However, the extent to which the spillover impacts of patented knowledge is localized within Colorado is open to question because it is possible to control permissions for use, but at the same time it is impossible to limit everyone’s awareness and use of it, particularly in foreign jurisdictions where patents are not taken out by the university. The collaboration mechanism of knowledge dissemination, such as indicated by industry coauthorship on journal articles and private sponsorship of grants and contracts, which are more rivalrous by virtue of the more tacit qualities of knowledge being disseminated and because of the higher transaction costs, requires closer interaction and greater geographic proximity, which usually prevents global dissemination. Thus, we observe geographic proximity is significantly important for these channels. Finally, university start-ups are highly geographically bounded near universities because in the early stages start-up companies need support from their host university. |
| Keywords: | knowledge spillovers, geographic proximity, innovation, agriculture, university research, non-parametric model, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Industrial Organization, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Q16, R12, O33, D23, C14, |
| Date: | 2016–08–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:235717&r=cse |
| By: | Christopoulos, George (UNU‐MERIT, Maastricht University); Wintjes, René (UNU‐MERIT, Maastricht University) |
| Abstract: | This paper introduces a new approach for the definition of innovation clusters, based on the co-location of concentrated patenting and manufacturing activity in the EU. The incorporation of data on both the production and use of technologies results in an indicator that depicts both formal and informal modes of innovation and conditions which can be expected to be conducive to the generation, diffusion and absorption of innovation, and consequently the enhancement of competitiveness. Our findings indicate that certain types of patenting and manufacturing activity tend to co-locate. The sectoral-technological composition of the three types of concentrations observed points towards a higher level of diversity than one would expect in the case of narrow specialisation. Applying the new indicator in a test of the often hypothesised benefits of innovative clustering, we find that the identified clusters have consistently higher wages in the sectors concerned. |
| Keywords: | Innovation, clusters, regional studies, patenting, manufacturing |
| JEL: | O30 R12 L60 |
| Date: | 2016–05–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:unm:unumer:2016023&r=cse |
| By: | Carlino, Gerald; Kerr, William R. |
| Abstract: | This paper reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then discuss how these factors are frequently measured in the data and note some resulting empirical regularities. Innovative activity tends to be more concentrated than industrial activity, and we discuss important findings from the literature about why this is so. We highlight the traits of cities (e.g., size, industrial diversity) that theoretical and empirical work link to innovation, and we discuss factors that help sustain these features (e.g., the localization of entrepreneurial finance). |
| Keywords: | agglomeration, clusters, innovation, invention, entrepreneurship |
| JEL: | J2 J6 L1 L2 L6 O3 R1 R3 |
| Date: | 2015–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bof:bofrdp:2015_027&r=cse |
| By: | Faggian, Alessandra; Partridge, Mark; Malecki, Ed |
| Abstract: | Researchers have long searched for the underlying causes of growth. In developed countries, as they shifted from industrial to knowledge economies, researchers have recently stressed the following sources of growth embodied in its workforce: human capital (linked to education), entrepreneurship (variously measured), and the creative class (associated with worker occupations). This study first proposes new conceptual ways to portray the interrelationship of these knowledge-based attributes. Then simultaneously considers all of these factors in an empirical model using U.S. counties. We find that human capital as measured by educational attainment and the intensity of small and medium-sized firms are statistically associated with subsequent growth, while other factors such as the share of creative class workers or the share of advanced technology industries are insignificant. We conclude that economic development strategies are too focused on attracting large outside firms and attracting advanced technology firms and not enough attention is given to building a foundation of competitive small and medium-sized firms. |
| Keywords: | Economic growth, human capital, entrepreneurship, creative class, US counties |
| JEL: | J24 O1 R11 |
| Date: | 2016–05–17 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71445&r=cse |
| By: | Miranda, Bruno; Chaddad, Fabio |
| Abstract: | What are the drivers of grape procurement strategies in U.S. emerging wine regions? Are these choices constrained by the same factors as in established wine areas? This paper uses a mixed-methods approach to discuss the "make-or-buy" decisions of small American wineries from five states: Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, New York and Vermont. Departing from the existing empirical literature on grape procurement strategies in the wine industry, we argue that the study of organizational decisions in American nascent clusters has to consider both their structural characteristics and the features of their participants. Based on semi-structured interviews with Missouri winery owners, we argue that, given the heterogeneity in the bundles of capabilities and resources owned by firms from emerging areas, a rationale exclusively inspired by Oliver Williamson's transaction cost economics is insufficient to explain grape procurement strategies. The evidence presented here is consistent with the view that knowledge plays a decisive role in boundary decisions. Also, the results point out to the importance of informal ties in the governance of the transactions carried out by the wineries in the sample. In special, trust appears to be an essential supporting mechanism in the governance of less coordinated exchanges, reflecting the constraints faced by many firms to devise complex formal arrangements. |
| Keywords: | Wine industry, organizational economics, Agribusiness, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Q13, D23, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:235363&r=cse |
| By: | MURAKAMI Hiroki |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we present a model which enables us to look into the process of research and development (R&D) for product innovation in the presence of the product life cycle and the resultant firm or economic growth. Specifically, we describe R&D for product innovation as an activity to control the birth rate of a new product, which measures the probability of product innovation; derive the optimal birth rate of a new product, which determines the size of R&D expenditure; and examine the growth rate of the (representative) firm('s expected total revenue) along the optimal R&D plan. We then find that the growth rate of the firm converges to the optimal birth rate of a new product in the long run. |
| Date: | 2016–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:16032&r=cse |
| By: | Helena Marques (Universitat de les Illes Balears); Oscar Marcenaro-Gutiérrez (Universitat de Málaga); Luis Alejandro López-Agudo (Universitat de Málaga) |
| Abstract: | An issue in the literature on educational production functions is the contribution of variables related to students’ lifestyles towards explaining the gender gap in terms of educational achievement. We intend to shed further light on this issue by means of empirical evidence based on international data from 22 countries. In order to carry out this research, we analyze the effect of a set of variables from different international surveys that allow the study of the potential country-level factors which could influence this gap. Our results show that it is essential to foster entrepreneurship attitudes among tertiary education students. On the contrary, until high school education years it could be counterproductive. It is also relevant to enhance girls’ self-confidence in business management abilities, as they show a higher average risk-aversion than boys and they are also more affected by a range of gender stereotypes. |
| Keywords: | gender, institutions, education, achievement, PISA |
| JEL: | J16 I21 B54 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ubi:deawps:78&r=cse |
| By: | Ndambendia, Houdou |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we address the issue of knowledge sharing from FDI inflows and imports from the north and south on exports diversification of selected African economies. Applying Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and Random-Effects Probit with control of endogeneity, we find that FDI inflows and imports from the north and the south affect differently horizontal and vertical exports diversification. Indeed, FDI inflows have the strongest effect on vertical diversification whereas imports impact strongly horizontal export diversification. Moreover, imports from the south have the strongest impact on horizontal exports diversification whereas only FDI from the north significantly affect exports diversification irrespective of its nature. In addition, we find no evidence of knowledge sharing through education, meaning that lack of education significantly reduces the marginal effects of FDI inflows and imports on exports diversification. However, taking knowledge separately, we find that higher education is required to vertically diversify an economy. As policy recommendation, further human capital investment and set up of incentive mechanisms to attract FDI are needed to truly diversify economies of selected countries. |
| Keywords: | exports diversification, knowledge, FDI, imports, endogeneity |
| JEL: | C23 C26 F14 I25 O55 |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:71571&r=cse |
| By: | Nesterenko Nadezhda Anatolyevna (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration) |
| Abstract: | value of the concepts "innovation", "innovative activity", "management of human resources" is considered. The attention to continuity of the technologies of management of human resources existing in the organization is paid, connecting them with the perspective future of the organization which activity will become effective and productive exactly thanks to introduction of the innovative technologies of management of human resources, but at observance which are available already in the organization of traditional values, approaches and the principles of human resource management. |
| Keywords: | innovation, innovative technologies, innovative directions, innovative activity, traditional values, diffusion of innovations, creative activity, human resource management, management of human resources |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:m16n2&r=cse |
| By: | Lopez-Cermeño, Alexandra |
| Abstract: | This paper provides a simplified method of exploring the geographical limits of a knowledge shock over the long run. Using a geographically decomposable distance weighed sum of world GDPs by county, differences in differences regression analysis shows that a new university will not only have a positive impact on the local economy, but also on the GDP of nearby counties. Furthermore, challenging the conventional wisdom that knowledge spillovers affect the local economy, this study provides evidence that the effect expands to the whole national though its strength dilutes with distance. Consistent with the education literature, this investigation provides evidence that the shock will make the relative GDP of foreign competitors worse-off. Results are persistent in the long run, although the effect of time is also decreasing. Resultsare robust to potential endogeneity related to the self-selection of prosperous allocations for new academic institutions. |
| Keywords: | U.S. Counties; Spillovers; New Economic Geography |
| JEL: | O18 R11 N72 L8 |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cte:whrepe:22859&r=cse |
| By: | Francis, Bill; Hasan, Iftekhar; Mani, Sureshbabu; Ye, Pengfei |
| Abstract: | This study examines the performance impact of the relative quality of a CEO’s compensation peers (peers selected to determine a CEO’s overall compensation) and bonus peers (peers selected to determine a CEO’s relative-performance-based bonus). We use the fraction of peers with greater managerial ability scores (Demerjian, Lev, and McVay, 2012) than the reporting firm to measure this CEO’s relative peer quality (RPQ). We find that firms with higher RPQ tend to earn superior risk-adjusted stock returns and experience higher profitability growth compared with firms that have lower RPQ. These results cannot be fully explained by a CEO’s power, compensation level, intrinsic talent, nor by the board’s possible motivation to use peers to signal a firm’s prospect. Learning among peers and the increased incentive to work harder induced by the peer-based tournament, however, might contribute to RPQ’s positive performance effect. Preliminary evidence also shows that high RPQ is not associated with increased earnings management or increased risk-taking behaviors. |
| Keywords: | relative peer quality, firm performance, tournament, optimal contract |
| JEL: | G30 |
| Date: | 2016–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bof:bofrdp:2016_006&r=cse |
| By: | Nesterenko Nadezhda Anatolyevna (Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration- Stolypin Volga Region Institute of administration) |
| Abstract: | in article modern approaches to definition of the category "labour motivation" are described. Elements of system of motivation which are actual for the enterprises of confectionery branch of the Saratov region in the conditions of crisis are considered |
| Keywords: | labor motivation, motives and incentives, "cafeteria" as motivation method |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:ppaper:m16n3&r=cse |
| By: | Blerjana Bino; Ketrina Çabiri; Erjon Curraj; Alban Hashani; Ilire Mehmeti |
| Date: | 2015–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wii:bpaper:113&r=cse |