|
on Economics of Strategic Management |
|
Issue of 2012‒09‒16
thirteen papers chosen by Joao Jose de Matos Ferreira University of the Beira Interior |
| By: | Rani Jeanne Dang (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - CNRS : UMR7321 - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS), IIE - Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Université de Gothenburg, Suède - Université de Gothenburg, Suède); Catherine Thomas (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - CNRS : UMR7321 - Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS)) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the mechanisms underlying territorial dynamics of inter-organizational innovation, focusing specifically on the combinative capabilities of clusters. We analyse the front-end process of inter-organizational innovation, which is the stage when partners negotiate and establish Collaborative localised innovation projects (CLIPs). While most research focus on how clusters facilitate access to new knowledge, this paper rather focuses on how clusters facilitate the combination of knowledge among heterogeneous actors. We apply a qualitative methodology based on an exploratory case study research design to two high-tech clusters in the microelectronics and information and communication technology sectors. Our findings suggest that a specific underlying mechanism significantly influence knowledge creation through successful CLIPs that is: architectural knowledge at the cluster level. The results also precise the role of architectural knowledge, which varies depending on whether it is technical, relational or commercial, and on its distribution among the actors, involved. The combination of the results helped elaborating a model of successful integration of cluster members' into CLIPs, which contribute to research developments on inter-organizational innovation. |
| Keywords: | Cluster, Knowledge Base, Interactive Innovation, Collaborative R&D Project, Architectural Knowledge |
| Date: | 2012–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00727529&r=cse |
| By: | Esther Goya (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona); Esther Vayá (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona); Jordi Suriñach (Faculty of Economics, University of Barcelona) |
| Abstract: | This paper uses a structural model to analyse the impact of innovation activities, including intra- and inter-industry externalities, on the productivity of Spanish firms. To the best of our knowledge, no previous paper has examined spillover effects by adopting such an approach. Here, therefore, we seek to determine the extent to which the innovations carried out by others affect a firm’s productivity. Additionally, firm’s technology level is taken into account in order to ascertain whether there are any differences in this regard between high-tech and low-tech firms both in industrial and service sectors. The database used is the Technological Innovation Panel (PITEC) which includes 8,611 firms for the year 2009. We find that low-tech firms make the most of a range of factors, including funding and belonging to a group, to increase their investment in R&D. As expected, R&D intensity has a positive impact on the probability of achieving both product and, more especially, process innovations. Finally, innovation output has a positive impact on firm’s productivity, being greater in more advanced firms in the case of process innovations. Both intra- and inter-industry spillovers have a positive impact on firm’s productivity, but this varies with the firm’s level of technology. Thus, innovations made by firms from the same sector are more important for low-tech firms than they are for their high-tech counterparts, while innovations made by the rest of the sectors have a greater impact on high-tech firms. |
| Keywords: | Productivity, innovation, industry spillovers. JEL classification: D24, O33. |
| Date: | 2012–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ira:wpaper:201214&r=cse |
| By: | Vivas-Augier, Carlos; Barge-Gil, Andrés |
| Abstract: | This study summarizes the main conclusions from a systematic review of the empirical literature regarding the impact on firms of the use of knowledge providers, including universities, technology institutes or knowledge intensive business firms. We use a criteria to classify the literature according to the research question addressed: (i) Which firms use knowledge providers?; (ii) Do firms using them achieve better results?; (iii) Which firms benefit more from using knowledge providers? Stylized facts are that larger, more R&D intensive and high tech firms are more likely to use knowledge providers and that use of knowledge providers is associated to firms higher technical results. Less attention has been paid to the third question so that no stylized facts can be developed on it. Three important recommendations for future research emerge. First, to pay more attention to methodological issues, such as sample selection and endogeneity, which may potentially bias the results. Second, to develop comparative analysis of the differential features of different knowledge providers. Third, to take depth and breadth of collaborations into account. |
| Keywords: | Impact Assessment; Firms; Knowledge Providers; Collaboration; Innovation; R&D; Industry; Literature Review |
| JEL: | O30 I20 L10 |
| Date: | 2012–07–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:41042&r=cse |
| By: | MARUKAWA Tomoo; KOMAGATA Tetsuya |
| Abstract: | The electric bicycle industry emerged in China in the late 1990s, and it is now a huge market which exceeds that of conventional bicycles, though such product has never existed in developed countries. This type of technological development, which diverts from the path of developed countries, is what we call "catch-down innovation" in this paper. We find several cases of catch-down innovation in China and India that have been made to cater to the demand and to adapt to the social environment and income level of these countries. China's electric bicycles have their technological origin in Japanese electrically-assisted bicycles, but they are made simpler and cheaper and are a market that is nearly 100 times larger than the latter. Japanese companies tend to think that there is no chance of selling their products and services to those who are engaged in catch-down innovation. However, there is a small Japanese company which has more than 40 percent market share of electric bicycle brakes in China. Based on a detailed case study of this company, we discuss the Japanese companies' strategies to find business opportunities in developing countries. |
| Date: | 2012–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:rdpsjp:12029&r=cse |
| By: | Carolin Haeussler; Matthew J. Higgins |
| Abstract: | Increases in alliance activity between research-intensive firms and incumbents is puzzling since it is challenging to contract upon highly uncertain R&D activities. Our paper extends prior research by exploring the relationship between firm capabilities and preferences for control rights. This link is important because the allocation of control rights has been shown to influence alliance outcomes. Using data based on a survey of biotechnology firms, we find that both current and future capabilities provide strong explanatory power for understanding preferences for control rights. Our results allow us to integrate aspects of the capabilities perspective into the property rights framework. |
| JEL: | D82 L14 M13 O32 |
| Date: | 2012–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:18364&r=cse |
| By: | Muriel Fadairo (Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France ; CNRS, GATE Lyon St Etienne,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, F-42000, France); Cintya Lanchimba Lopez (Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France ; CNRS, GATE Lyon St Etienne,Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, F-42000, France) |
| Abstract: | This paper studies the performance of distribution networks as the result of a range of organizational choices made by the upstream firm. The analytical part of the paper surveys the vast literature devoted to franchising and to dual distribution. From this framework, several testable propositions are derived, linking the networks performance to the organizational choices. Three complementary criteria of performance are taken into account : the internationalization rate, the expansion rate, the market share. The paper provides evidence that these criteria are empirically related. Thus, a system of simultaneous equations is defined, free of endogeneity relating to the explanatory variables. The estimations on recent French data by means of the three-least squares method provide robust results, and show that the type of distribution network, the number of company-owned units in the network, the type of sector, and the choice to manage several networks simultaneously affect the performance in distribution systems. |
| Keywords: | Franchising, Organizational choices, Endogeneity, Simultaneous Equations |
| JEL: | C31 L14 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gat:wpaper:1224&r=cse |
| By: | Jonas Debrulle |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the influence of business owner human and social capital on start-up export intensity. In addition, building on the knowledge-based view of the firm, we assume the relationships between owner characteristics and firm export activities to be moderated by the start-up’s absorptive capacity, which designates its ability to acquire, assimilate and exploit new information. Flemish start-ups form this study’s empirical setting. Our results indicate that start-up export intensity is (1) driven by the business owner’s formal education and start-up experience, while (2) weakened by his/her accumulated management experience. Furthermore, we find evidence that start-up absorptive capacity significantly moderates the export impact of the owner’s human capital. Finally, implications and opportunities for future research are suggested. |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:vivwps:32&r=cse |
| By: | Tom Broekel |
| Abstract: | Despite the growing number of studies, still little is known about how network structures and proximity relations between linked actors evolve over time. Arguments are put forward for the existence of co-evolution dynamics between different types of proximity configurations within networks. An empirical investigation tests these arguments using information on the development of 280 networks. Amongst others, it is shown that institutional and cognitive proximity configurations coevolve in the short as well as in the long-run. While institutional and social proximity configurations are only related in the long run. Moreover, temporal auto-correlation dynamics characterizes the development of cognitive proximity configurations. |
| Keywords: | proximities, co-evolution, R&D subsidies, knowledge networks, network evolution |
| Date: | 2012–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1217&r=cse |
| By: | Hakim Hammadou (EQUIPPE, University of Lille, France); Sonia Paty (Université de Lyon, Lyon, F-69007, France ; CNRS, GATE Lyon St Etienne,F-69130 Ecully, France); Maria Savona (SPRU, Science and Technology Policy Research, Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer Brighton BN1 9QE, UK and Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Lille 1, France) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to test the presence of strategic interactions in government spending on Research and Development (R&D), among EU-15 countries. We add to the literature on public choice strategic interactions in general, and to work on R&D spending in particular. We take account of traditional and some rather overlooked factors related to countries’ public R&D spending, including (i) the international context – i.e. Lisbon strategy ; (ii) country characteristics - the National System of Innovation ; (iii) national similarities in relation to (a) trade and economic size and (b) sectoral specialization. Sectoral specialization is likely to affect government spending, depending on the mechanisms of complementarity or substitution between public and private R&D. Using a dynamic spatial panel model in which spatial matrices are specified in terms of traditional Euclidean distance, and sectoral specialization proximity, we confirm the existence of strategic interactions in relation to R&D spending among European countries with similar economic, international trade and sectoral structure perspectives. Unlike the results for strategic interactions in public choice, geographic proximity seems not to affect interactions related to public spending on R&D. |
| Keywords: | Public R&D expenditures, National Systems of Innovation, complementarity public and private R&D, spatial interactions, EU countries, spatial dynamic panel data |
| JEL: | H5 |
| Date: | 2012 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gat:wpaper:1223&r=cse |
| By: | Hakim Hammadou (EQUIPPE - ECONOMIE QUANTITATIVE, INTEGRATION, POLITIQUES PUBLIQUES ET ECONOMETRIE - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies); Sonia Paty (GATE Lyon Saint-Etienne - Groupe d'analyse et de théorie économique - CNRS : UMR5824 - Université Lumière - Lyon II - École Normale Supérieure - Lyon); Maria Savona (CLERSE - Centre lillois d'études et de recherches sociologiques et économiques - CNRS : UMR8019 - Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, SPRU - Science and Technology Policy Research - University of Sussex) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this paper is to test the presence of strategic interactions in government spending on Research and Development (R&D), among EU-15 countries. We add to the literature on public choice strategic interactions in general, and to work on R&D spending in particular. We take account of traditional and some rather overlooked factors related to countries' public R&D spending, including (i) the international context - i.e. Lisbon strategy ; (ii) country characteristics - the National System of Innovation ; (iii) national similarities in relation to (a) trade and economic size and (b) sectoral specialization. Sectoral specialization is likely to affect government spending, depending on the mechanisms of complementarity or substitution between public and private R&D. Using a dynamic spatial panel model in which spatial matrices are specified in terms of traditional Euclidean distance, and sectoral specialization proximity, we confirm the existence of strategic interactions in relation to R&D spending among European countries with similar economic, international trade and sectoral structure perspectives. Unlike the results for strategic interactions in public choice, geographic proximity seems not to affect interactions related to public spending on R&D. |
| Keywords: | Public R&D expenditures ; National Systems of Innovation ; complementarity public and private R&D ; spatial interactions ; EU countries ; spatial dynamic panel data |
| Date: | 2012–09–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00727362&r=cse |
| By: | David Rigby |
| Abstract: | U.S. patent data and patent citations are used to build a measure of knowledge relatedness between all pairs of 438 major patent classes in the USPTO. The knowledge relatedness measures, constructed as the probability that a patent in class j will cite a patent in class i, form the links of a patent network. Changes in this U.S. knowledge network are examined for the period 1975 to 2005. Combining the knowledge network with patent data for each of the CBSAs in the United States permits analysis of the evolution of the patent knowledge base within metropolitan areas. Measures of knowledge relatedness are employed to explain technological diversification and abandonment in U.S. cities. |
| Keywords: | knowledge relatedness, technological diversification, patents, citations |
| Date: | 2012–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:egu:wpaper:1218&r=cse |
| By: | Sala, Davide (Department of Business and Economics); Yalcin, Erdal (IFO Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research) |
| Abstract: | As the firm gravitates to the core analysis of international trade models, the possibilities to learn from the theory of the multinational enterprise developed in international business studies increase. The managerial resources and capabilities that are so emphasized in this theory for export initiation have largely been neglected in the empirical studies of international trade. Probably not because they are unimportant, but rather because of the challenge to identify and measure them. We exploit Danish employer-employee matched data to overcome this barrier and analyze the impact of managers’ international experience together with other managerial characteristics on the likelihood that the firm starts exporting. We find that productivity and fixed costs associated to exporting are not the sole determinants of the selection of firms into international markets, but “managerial inputs” are as important. Our data allows us to identify managers’ export experience based on the CEOs’ historical career as documented in official registry statistics. This puts our study apart from earlier survey based studies which rely on self-assessments. |
| Keywords: | Export status; managerial promotions; international experience; self-selection |
| JEL: | D22 F23 M51 |
| Date: | 2012–09–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:sdueko:2012_018&r=cse |
| By: | Roxana Mihet |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the effects of national culture on firm risk-taking, using a comprehensive dataset covering 50,000 firms in 400 industries in 51 countries. Risk-taking is found to be higher for domestic firms in countries with low uncertainty aversion, low tolerance for hierarchical relationships, and high individualism. Domestic firms in such countries tend to take substantially more risk in industries which are more informationally opaque (e.g. finance, mining, IT). Risk-taking by foreign firms is best explained by the cultural norms of their country of origin. These cultural norms do not proxy for legal constraints, insurance safety nets, or economic development. |
| Keywords: | Corporate governance , Corporate sector , Cross country analysis , Economic models , Manufacturing sector , |
| Date: | 2012–08–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:imf:imfwpa:12/210&r=cse |