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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Guriev, Sergei; Vakulenko, Elena |
| Abstract: | We study barriers to labor mobility using panel data on gross region-to-region migration flows in Russia for 1995-2010. We find that barriers that hindered internal migration in 1990s have been generally eliminated by the end of 2000s. In 1990s many poor Russian regions were in poverty traps: potential migrants wanted to leave those regions but could not afford to finance the move. In 2000s (especially in late 2000s), these constraints were no longer binding. Overall economic growth and development of financial markets allowed even the poorest Russian regions to grow out of poverty traps resulting in convergence between Russian regions in 2000s. |
| Keywords: | internal migration; liquidity constraints; poverty traps |
| JEL: | J61 R23 |
| Date: | 2013–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9675&r=cis |
| By: | Zaytsev, Alexander |
| Abstract: | Using Russian data, it is showт that different assessment techniques of cathing-up development lead to opposite conclusions: according to current PPPs we have seen the cathing-up in per capita GDP during 1990-2012 period, but according to constant PPPs – we have not. It is argued that current PPPs give more reliable picture of comparative welfare (per capita GDP) dynamics rather than constant PPPs. The author shows that substitution effect explains more than the half of the Russia-US per capita GDP gap reduction in 2005-2012 period. Constant PPPs are preferred for comparisons of productivity dynamics. According to constant PPPs in 2012 Russia had bigger productivity gap (to US) than that in 1991 year. |
| Keywords: | catching-up, convergence, per capita GDP dynamics, productivity gap, PPP, international comparisons |
| JEL: | J24 N30 O47 O57 |
| Date: | 2014–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:56312&r=cis |
| By: | Cheremukhin, Anton; Golosov, Mikhail; Guriev, Sergei; Tsyvinski, Aleh |
| Abstract: | This paper studies structural transformation of Soviet Russia in 1928-1940 from an agrarian to an industrial economy through the lens of a two-sector neoclassical growth model. We construct a large dataset that covers Soviet Russia during 1928-1940 and Tsarist Russia during 1885-1913. We use a two-sector growth model to compute sectoral TFPs as well as distortions and wedges in the capital, labor and product markets. We find that most wedges substantially increased in 1928-1935 and then fell in 1936-1940 relative to their 1885-1913 levels, while TFP remained generally below pre-WWI trends. Under the neoclassical growth model, projections of these estimated wedges imply that Stalin’s economic policies led to welfare loss of -24 percent of consumption in 1928-1940, but a +16 percent welfare gain after 1941. A representative consumer born at the start of Stalin’s policies in 1928 experiences a reduction in welfare of -1 percent of consumption, a number that does not take into account additional costs of political repression during this time period. We provide three additional counterfactuals: comparison with Japan, comparison with the New Economic Policy (NEP), and assuming alternative post-1940 growth scenarios. |
| Keywords: | industrialization; Japan; Russia; Stalin; unbalanced growth |
| JEL: | E6 N23 N24 O4 O41 |
| Date: | 2013–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9669&r=cis |
| By: | Walther, Simon |
| Abstract: | Agriholdings are large horizontally and/or vertically integrated corporate farming businesses which are characterized by having multiple operations under a central management. This organizational form has been developing in Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine since the late 1990s and has since then gained a considerable market share, especially in arable production. Ukraine is one of the three countries in which the development of agriholdings was very pronounced. While the competition for arable land in Ukraine has been weak so far, it is expected to increase in the future. In order to be able to assess whether agriholdings or independent farms will then be more competitive on the land market also under changing conditions, (a) competitive advantages and disadvantages of the two organizational forms in Ukrainian arable production are identified in this thesis, (b) their impact on competitiveness is quantified, and (c) likely future adaptations of both organizational forms in order to maintain or increase their competitiveness are explored. -- Agrarholdings sind große horizontal und/oder vertikal integrierte Agrarunternehmen, die sich dadurch auszeichnen, dass sie mehrere landwirtschaftliche Produktionseinheiten unter einer zentralen Verwaltung haben. Diese Organisationsform hat sich in Kasachstan, Russland und der Ukraine seit den späten 1990er-Jahren entwickelt und hat seitdem insbesondere im Ackerbau einen erheblichen Marktanteil erreicht. Die Ukraine ist eines dieser drei Länder, in dem die Entwicklung von Agrarholdings besonders ausgeprägt vonstatten ging. Wenngleich der Wettbewerb um Ackerland in der Ukraine bisher schwach ausgeprägt war, wird erwartet, dass dieser in der Zukunft zunehmen wird. Um einschätzen zu können, ob dann Agrarholdings oder Einzelbetriebe auch unter sich ändernden Bedingungen eine höhere Wettbewerbsfähigkeit auf dem Landmarkt besitzen werden, werden in dieser Arbeit (a) Wettbewerbsvor- und -nachteile der beiden Organisationsformen im ukrainischen Ackerbau identifiziert, (b) deren Auswirkungen auf die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit quantifiziert und (c) Zukunftsanpassungen, die beide Organisationsformen wahrscheinlich unternehmen werden, um ihre Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu erhalten oder zu verbessern, untersucht. |
| Date: | 2014 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:jhtire:15&r=cis |
| By: | Badarinza, Cristian; Ramadorai, Tarun |
| Abstract: | Historical time-series data is short relative to the frequency of political and economic crises. This makes it difficult to use pure time-series methods to identify the impacts of safe haven demand on asset prices, in the face of confounding effects from a wide range of alternative drivers. We present a new method to identify safe-haven effects which relies on combining the cross-section of asset prices with time-series measures of economic and political risk. We employ this strategy on large databases of historical housing transactions in London, and show that economic and political risk in Southern Europe, China, the Middle East, Russia, and South Asia is an important factor in explaining the dynamics of London house prices over the past two decades. |
| Keywords: | economic risk; hedonic pricing; house prices; London; political risk; safe-haven |
| JEL: | C53 D80 E47 F21 G12 G15 |
| Date: | 2013–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:9786&r=cis |
| By: | Aliqoriev, Olimkhon |
| Abstract: | This article describes the basic mechanism of non-cash payments in Uzbekistan. The analysis of operations by means of non-cash payment is carried out. On the basis of the analysis and evaluation of current situation, the identified problems, the appropriate recommendations and suggestions are worked out for further improvement of the system of non-cash payments. |
| Keywords: | non-cash payment; payment system; document circulation; memorial slip; payment order; payment request; collection letter; bank check; documentary letter of credit; plastic card. |
| JEL: | G0 G00 G2 G20 G21 |
| Date: | 2012–11–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:56288&r=cis |