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on Confederation of Independent States |
| By: | Gnidchenko, Andrey |
| Abstract: | We consider basic characteristics of foreign and Russian motion pictures (budget, box office revenues, effectiveness, “Kinopoisk” rating, number of views, film duration, genre) in dynamics and examine their linkages. We also compare the Russian market for national and foreign films. Then, we discuss basic characteristics across film directors and genres |
| Keywords: | Motion pictures’ characteristics, budget, box office revenues, effectiveness, “Kinopoisk” rating, number of views, film duration, film directors, genres |
| JEL: | L82 Z10 |
| Date: | 2013–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:48391&r=cis |
| By: | Pietri , Antoine; Tazdaït , Tarik; Vahabi , Mehrdad |
| Abstract: | This paper is among the first to theoretically examine the relevance of price competition in the protection market by focusing on the competition between empires. By distinguishing absolute and differential protection rents, we first define coercive rivalry and price competition among empires and then establish three types of empires: early empires of domination (like Akkadian empire), territorial empires (like Russian empire), and merchant empires (like Venetian empire). Empires are structured on the basis of two types of hierarchies that determine their protection costs: ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up.’ We systematically study the impact of asymmetrical protection costs on price competition in the light of Bertrand equilibria. We provide an economic rationale for the use of violence throughout history in conformity with the findings of economic historians. |
| Keywords: | Absolute and differential protection rents; Bertrand equilibrium; Empires of domination; Merchant empires; Territorial Empires |
| JEL: | D74 H11 H56 L13 P16 |
| Date: | 2013–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:48225&r=cis |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | Between 2000 and 2011, the number of international students has more than doubled. Today, almost 4.5 million tertiary students are enrolled outside their country of citizenship. The largest numbers of international students are from China, India and Korea. Asian students account for 53% of all students studying abroad worldwide. New players have emerged on the international education market in the past decades, such as Australia, New Zealand, Spain, the Russian Federation and, more recently, Korea. By contrast, the share of international students in some of the most attractive countries – Germany and the United States, for instance – has declined. As countries increasingly benefit from student mobility, the competition to attract and retain students has diversified the map of destinations over the past decade. |
| Date: | 2013–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:eduaaf:14-en&r=cis |
| By: | Sabina Alkire, Jose Manuel Roche and Andy Sumner |
| Abstract: | This paper asks where do the world's multidimensionally poor people live? The paper considers how the global distribution of multidimensional poverty differs from the global distribution of income poverty and assesses the sensitivity of findings to widely used (although somewhat arbitrary) country classifications. Surprisingly perhaps, only a quarter of multidimensionally poor people and just one-third of severely multidimensionally poor people live in the world's poorest countries - meaning Low Income Countries (LICs) or Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The sensitivity of findings about country thresholds for low and middle-income countries is discussed. The paper argues that there is a split of distribution poverty between both stable Middle Income Countries (MICs) and low-income fragile states, and that there is a 'multidimensional bottom billion' living in stable MICs. The analysis is based on 83 countries, and uses the 2011 Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) poverty estimates of the UNDP Human Development Report. |
| Date: | 2013–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qeh:ophiwp:ophiwp061&r=cis |