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on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Nortje, Karen (International Water Management Institute); Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | CGIAR; Food systems; Gender equality; Social inclusion; Agribusiness; Climate-smart agriculture |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052650 |
| By: | Gazdar, H. |
| Keywords: | Agrifood systems; Policies; Agricultural growth; Hunger; Poverty; Land resources; Water resources; Food security; Colonization; Agrarian reform; Green revolution; History; Political aspects |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052517 |
| By: | Sarkar, Anindita (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agrifood systems; Agricultural policies; Food security; Political aspects; Economic aspects; Decision making; Water resources; Groundwater; Irrigation; Climate change; History |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052518 |
| By: | Rweyemamu, M. R.; Mruma, T.; Nkanyani, S. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural development; Seed production; Agricultural sector; Diversification; Strategies; Indicators; Stakeholders; Agricultural policies; Sustainability; Public-private partnerships |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052583 |
| By: | Sophia Baum; Moritz Laber; Martin Bruckner; Liuhuaying Yang; Stefan Thurner; Peter Klimek |
| Abstract: | Global food production and trade networks are highly dynamic, especially in response to shortages when countries adjust their supply strategies. In this study, we examine adjustments across 123 agri-food products from 192 countries resulting in 23616 individual scenarios of food shortage, and calibrate a multi-layer network model to understand the propagation of the shocks. We analyze shock mitigation actions, such as increasing imports, boosting production, or substituting food items. Our findings indicate that these lead to spillover effects potentially exacerbating food inequality: an Indian rice shock resulted in a 5.8 % increase in rice losses in countries with a low Human Development Index (HDI) and a 14.2 % decrease in those with a high HDI. Considering multiple interacting shocks leads to super-additive losses of up to 12 % of the total available food volume across the global food production network. This framework allows us to identify combinations of shocks that pose substantial systemic risks and reduce the resilience of the global food supply. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.03502 |
| By: | Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah (International Water Management Institute); Nortje, Karen (International Water Management Institute); Mabele, Thato (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Gender; Inclusion; Innovation scaling; Strategies; Conservation agriculture; Training |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052595 |
| By: | Xinming Du; Lei Li; Eric Zou |
| Abstract: | This paper shows a cascading mechanism through which international trade-induced deforestation results in a decline of health outcomes in cities distant from where trade activities occur. We examine Brazil, which has ramped up agricultural export over the last two decades to meet rising global demand. Using a shift-share research design, we first show that export shocks cause substantial local agricultural expansion and a virtual one-for-one decline in forest cover. We then construct a dynamic area-of-effect model that predicts where atmospheric changes should be felt – due to loss of forests that would otherwise serve to filter out and absorb air pollutants as they travel – downwind of the deforestation areas. Leveraging quasi-random variation in these atmospheric connections, we establish a causal link between deforestation upstream and subsequent rises in air pollution and premature deaths downstream, with the mortality effects predominantly driven by cardiovascular and respiratory causes. Our estimates reveal a large telecoupled health externality of trade deforestation: over 700, 000 premature deaths in Brazil over the past two decades. This equates to $0.18 loss in statistical life value per $1 agricultural exports over the study period. |
| JEL: | F18 O13 Q23 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33143 |
| By: | Yu, Shuo; Falco, Nicola; Patel, Nivedita; Wu, Yuxin; Wainwright, Haruko |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we developed an open-source package to analyze the overall trend and responses of both carbon use efficiency (CUE) and corn yield to climate factors for the contiguous United States. Our algorithm enables automatic retrieval of remote sensing data through the Google Earth Engine (GEE) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) agricultural production data at the county level through application programming interface (API). Firstly, we integrated satellite products of net primary productivity and gross primary productivity based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor, and climatic variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Secondly, we calculated CUE and commonly used climate metrics. Thirdly, we investigated the spatial heterogeneity of these variables. We applied a random forest algorithm to identify the key climate drivers of CUE and crop yield, and estimated the responses of CUE and yield to climate variability using the spatial moving window regression across the U.S. Our results show that growing degree days (GDD) has the highest predictive power for both CUE and yield, while extreme degree days (EDD) is the least important explanatory variable. Moreover, we observed that in most areas of the U.S., yield increases or stays the same with higher GDD and precipitation. However, CUE decreases with higher GDD in the north and shows more mixed and fragmented interactions in the south. Notably, there are some exceptions where yield is negatively correlated with precipitation in the Missouri and Mississippi River Valleys. As global warming continues, we anticipate a decrease in CUE throughout the vast northern part of the country, despite the possibility of yield remaining stable or increasing. |
| Keywords: | Earth Sciences, Geoinformatics, Climate Action, Zero Hunger, carbon use efficiency, yield, climate change, machine learning, remote sensing, CESD-Sustainable Agriculture, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences |
| Date: | 2023–06–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt0tw2k914 |
| By: | Paul, Saumik (University of Manchester) |
| Abstract: | Since the advent of British rule in 1765, the colony of Bengal, once hailed as the most fertile and prosperous region of India, witnessed numerous incidents of food shortages. Apart from the supply and demand side factors are typically associated with a food shortage at an escalated or disastrous level (famine), the role of persistent and long-term factors is also critical. This paper, both qualitatively and quantitatively, provides a deeper understanding of the process of agrarian transformation in Bengal. It argues that the 1943 Bengal famine could have been less likely had there been a buoyant agricultural credit market and a better patronage system with less exploitative farming practices. Quantitatively, I find that frequency of distress sale of occupancy holdings in the 1930s is positively associated with the famine intensity throughout many districts, and this relationship increases in the presence of sharecroppers' struggles. |
| Keywords: | famine, land transfer, Bengal |
| JEL: | N O |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp17432 |
| By: | Ndione, Y. C.; Tall, L.; Sall, S.; Ciss, P. N.; Rousseau, E.; Amarnath, Giriraj (International Water Management Institute); Okem, Andrew (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Climate change adaptation; Intervention; Climate resilience; Food security |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052504 |
| By: | Al Mujtabe, Abdullah; Rahman, Shohanur; Sheikh, Limon; Adri, Neelopal; Waliullah, |
| Abstract: | Agriculture based economy makes the rural areas important in south-east Asia. Lack of accessibility to certain services were observed in countries like, Pakistan, Bangladesh, India etc. As a result, rural-urban migration became a regular practice. Though spatial dimension of accessibility was studied, non-spatial dimension was mostly unexplored for access to education, healthcare, food and modern agricultural services. So, with ten villages of Bangladesh as study area, 452 questionnaire surveys, 22 FGDs and 27 KIIs were conducted to understand the problems behind lack of access to these services. Different statistical tests, and qualitative comparison suggested that non-farm activities were more sustainable for households, and provided more access to services than fully farmingbased households. Some services were available, but inaccessible to the local people due to mismanagement. Livelihood diversification through collaboration of community and women empowerment could be the sustainable solutions for ensuring proper service accessibility in developing countries. |
| Date: | 2024–11–13 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:3789u |
| By: | Khanna, Nina; Lin, Jiang; Liu, Xu; Wang, Wenjun |
| Abstract: | China, the worlds largest methane emitter, is increasingly focused on methane mitigation in support of its climate goals, but gaps exist in the understanding of key methane sources, as well as mitigation opportunities and their associated uncertainties. We use a bottom-up modeling approach with updated methane emission projections and abatement cost analysis to account for additional sources, uncertainties, and mitigation measures in Chinas energy and agricultural sectors. Here we show the significant cost-effective potential for reducing methane emissions in China by 2030, with 660 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent possible with average negative abatement costs of US$6.40 per tonne CO2e. Most of this potential exists in the energy sector, particularly coal mining, but the greater potential will shift towards agriculture by 2060. Aquaculture and biochar applications in rice cultivation have net economic benefits but need greater support for deployment, while new mitigation measures will be needed for remaining emissions from enteric fermentation, rice cultivation, and wastewater. |
| Date: | 2024–11–08 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt8n18g4mz |
| By: | Shrestha, Nirman (International Water Management Institute); Schmitter, Petra (International Water Management Institute); Birhanu, Birhanu Zemadim (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agricultural production; Crops; Drought; Flooding; Remote sensing; Datasets; Frameworks; Monitoring |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052653 |
| By: | Qiang Wan; Jun Cui |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the impact of banking fintech on reducing financial risks in the agricultural supply chain, focusing on the secondary allocation of commercial credit. The study constructs a three-player evolutionary game model involving banks, core enterprises, and SMEs to analyze how fintech innovations, such as big data credit assessment, blockchain, and AI-driven risk evaluation, influence financial risks and access to credit. The findings reveal that banking fintech reduces financing costs and mitigates financial risks by improving transaction reliability, enhancing risk identification, and minimizing information asymmetry. By optimizing cooperation between banks, core enterprises, and SMEs, fintech solutions enhance the stability of the agricultural supply chain, contributing to rural revitalization goals and sustainable agricultural development. The study provides new theoretical insights and practical recommendations for improving agricultural finance systems and reducing financial risks. Keywords: banking fintech, agricultural supply chain, financial risk, commercial credit, SMEs, evolutionary game model, big data, blockchain, AI-driven risk evaluation. |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2411.07604 |
| By: | Fiegenbaum, Hanna |
| Abstract: | Carbon credits are a key component of most national and organizational climate strategies. Financing and delivering carbon credits from forest-related activities faces multiple risks at the project and asset levels. Financial mechanisms are employed to mitigate risks for investors and project developers, complemented by non-financial measures such as environmental and social safeguards and physical risk mitigation. Despite these efforts, academic research highlights that safeguards and climate risk mitigation measures are not efficiently implemented in some carbon projects and that specification of environmental safeguards remains underdeveloped. Further, environmental and social risk mitigation capacities may not be integrated into financial mechanisms. This text examines how ecosystem capacities can be leveraged and valued for mitigation of and adaptation to physical risks by complementing carbon credits with biodiversity insurance and resilience value. |
| Date: | 2024–11–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:buvzy |
| By: | Joshi, Deepa (International Water Management Institute); Wickramasinghe, Nipuna (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Gender equality; Social inclusion; Governance; Policies |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052681 |
| By: | Nohayi, Ngowenani (International Water Management Institute); Jacobs-Mata, Inga (International Water Management Institute); Ires, Idil (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Agriculture; Knowledge management |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052675 |
| By: | Daryl Fairweather; Matthew E. Kahn; Robert D. Metcalfe; Sebastian Sandoval Olascoaga |
| Abstract: | Climate change presents new risks for property in the United States. Due to the high cost and sometimes unavailability of location-specific property risk data, home buyers can greatly benefit from acquiring knowledge about these risks. To explore this, a large-scale nationwide natural field experiment was conducted through Redfin to estimate the causal impact of providing home-specific flood risk information on the behavior of home buyers in terms of their search, bidding, and purchasing decisions. Redfin randomly assigned 17.5 million users to receive information detailing the flood risk associated with the properties they searched for on the platform. Our analysis reveals several key findings: (1) the flood risk information influences every stage of the house buying process, including the initial search, bidding activities, and final purchase; (2) individuals are willing to make trade-offs concerning property amenities in order to own a property with a lower flood risk; (3) the impact of the flood risk information on behavior is more pronounced for users conducting searches in high flood risk areas, but does not differ significantly between buyers in Republican and Democrat Counties; and (4) the information resulted in changes to property prices and altered the market's hedonic equilibrium, providing a new finding that climate adaptation can be forward-thinking and proactive. |
| JEL: | Q54 R2 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33119 |
| By: | Pérez Urdiales, María; Tojal Ramos Dos Santos, Carolina |
| Abstract: | Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have made notable progress in reducing income inequality; however, the extent to which water and sanitation may foster inequalities remains unclear. In this sector, disparities emerge as lower-income households may encounter reduced access to clean water, utilize less water, or bear a disproportionately higher financial burden than higher-income households. In this paper, we investigate latter source of inequality in the water and sanitation sector in LAC. We analyze and compare inequality measures for water expenditures and income for Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Uruguay using survey data from the Americas Barometer of the Latin American Opinion Project (LAPOP). Our descriptive analysis indicates that low-income households allocate a larger proportion of their income to water expenditures compared to high-income households. By comparing the water concentration curve to the Lorenz curve for each country, we find that water expenditures are generally more equitably distributed than income, leading to an unequalizing effect, as households spend similar amounts regardless of income level. Additionally, we demonstrate that total water expenditures, encompassing tap water, bottled water, and water delivered by trucks, align more closely with income distribution than tap water alone in Brazil, Costa Rica, and Uruguay, whereas the opposite is true for Colombia. These disparities may be attributed to water tariff subsidies and the higher consumption of bottled water among wealthier households. |
| Keywords: | water security;sustainable development;tariffs;subsidies;Equality |
| JEL: | Q25 Q21 O54 O13 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:idb:brikps:13828 |
| By: | Noriko Ashiya; Miyazaki Kenji |
| Abstract: | Japanese farmland has not been seen as an investment nor as a factor of agricultural production, as many privileged owners just abandon it while farmland property rights cannot be transferred easily due to the law; even so, Japanese farmland has the potential to become a long-term investment with the support of policy enhancement that will push forth farmland activation to possibly create a Japanese Food Valley. Using publicly accessible farmland data, this study analyzes the performance and portfolio diversification benefits of farmland in Japan over the 1986-2022 period. Statistics of the returns on farmland in general disappoint us with numbers around zero; however, there could have been portfolio diversification benefits for farmland components mixed with residential, commercial, or industrial land, even though some correlations are derived from data formed by modified criteria consistent with farmland regulations and the asset market bubble unique to Japan. Distinctively, the Hokkaido district with positive annual returns is found to have a significant negative correlation with other assets, reflecting greater portfolio diversification benefits. As a reference, this study also investigates the relationship between the returns on farmland and other traditional assets such as stocks and bonds. Farmland capital gain yields were not significantly correlated with those of stocks, although they showed some similarities to the significant correlations found between farmland and general land, reflecting the possibility of portfolio risk reduction. Significant correlations amongst the farmland and bonds reflect further portfolio diversification benefits, depending on the different characteristics of the two types of farmland values and the resulting positive/negative correlation coefficients. Such farmland value can be seen as a reflection of the distance from Tokyo, even though this is still within the scope of a hypothesis and needs our future consideration to establish scientific proof. |
| Keywords: | agricultural policy; Japanese farmland; real estate portfolio management |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2024–01–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2024-261 |
| By: | Alexander M. Danzer; Helen Zeidler |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates time inconsistencies in food consumption based on a field experiment at a college canteen where participants repeatedly select and consume lunch menus. The design features a convex non-monetary budget in a natural environment and satisfies the consume-on-receipt assumption. Leveraging 3, 666 choices of different food healthiness, we find no time inconsistency at the meal level. Utility weight estimates at the dish level reveal that consumers balance healthiness between food categories. Individuals who exert self-control take up a commitment device as soon as available, while non-committers are present-biased. Dynamic inconsistencies in food and money choices are independent. |
| Keywords: | field experiment, dynamic inconsistency, commitment, food consumption |
| JEL: | D12 D01 C93 D91 I12 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11454 |
| By: | Krych, Kamila; Pettersen, Johan Berg |
| Abstract: | Longer lifetimes of consumer products are promoted as an element of sustainable consumption, yet there is a widespread notion that lifetimes are currently in decline, often attributed to planned obsolescence or throwaway mentality. However, empirical evidence is inconclusive and often subject to high uncertainties. Here, we explore long-term trends in the lifetimes of large household appliances using dynamic material flow analysis (dMFA). We investigate the sales and ownership of these products since their introduction in Norwegian households and use this co-evolution to estimate the lifetimes. By combining two model types with uncertainty analysis, we show that a significant lifetime decrease was likely experienced only by washing machines (-45%) and ovens (-39%) around the 1990s-2000s. This finding challenges the narratives about planned obsolescence despite their prevalence decreasing consumer incentives for longer product use and repair. We suggest multiple technical, economic, and social factors that could be responsible for the decrease, e.g., a reduction in relative prices of appliances or changes in habits surrounding laundry and kitchen use. Our results suggest that factors affecting product lifetimes are not uniform but context-dependent, which has implications for lifetime extension policy. The presented method could help monitor the long-term effectiveness of such policy. |
| Date: | 2024–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:rgs87 |
| By: | Martínez, Rodrigo; Mejía, Carla; Espíndola, Ernesto |
| Abstract: | The countries of Latin America and the Caribbean are in the midst of a demographic, epidemiological and nutritional transition, as rates of life expectancy, population ageing and chronic diseases are on the rise and there is a marked shift from undernutrition to a combination of the latter with overweight and obesity. Beyond the social impact of this process and the infringement of the rights of those affected by it, there are significant economic costs for society at large. To address these transitions and ensure the right to food and nutrition security for the entire population, evidencebased proposals that make it possible to identify challenges, find public policy opportunities and quantify the desired impacts are therefore essential. This document summarizes the main results of studies on the cost of the double burden of malnutrition carried out in eight countries of the region, as part of the cooperation project between the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), the World Food Programme and the governments of the participating countries. It highlights some of the major public policy proposals on food and nutrition security to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goal 2 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, to end all forms of malnutrition. |
| Date: | 2024–10–28 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecr:col022:80791 |
| By: | Lint Barrage |
| Abstract: | This article reviews a rapidly growing literature on how climatic risks and events affect public finances around the world. This literature includes empirical evaluations of how past climatic events have affected fiscal outcomes, empirical and model-based assessments of how climatic risks affect public borrowing costs, and macro-fiscal-climate models that investigate the policy and welfare implications of fiscal climate risks. This article highlights five stylized facts that emerge from this literature and points to important knowledge gaps for future research. Key findings include the facts that (i) the fiscal costs of climatic risks are economically significant overall, (ii) lower-income and credit-constrained regions are especially vulnerable and poorly insured against growing climatic fiscal risks, but that (iii) fiscal policy responses to climatic risks can mitigate their economic impacts substantially. |
| Keywords: | climate change, fiscal costs, public budgets, sovereign debt, natural disasters, climate adaptation, social cost of carbon, integrated assessment |
| JEL: | Q54 H20 H50 H60 H70 H84 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11443 |
| By: | Oke, Adebayo (International Water Management Institute); Amarnath, Giriraj (International Water Management Institute); Okem, Andrew (International Water Management Institute); Dembele, Moctar (International Water Management Institute) |
| Keywords: | Flooding; Forecasting; Early warning systems |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:bosers:h052683 |
| By: | Melissa Rubio-Ramos (University of Cologne); Christian Isendahl (University of Gothenburg); Ola Olsson (University of Gothenburg) |
| Abstract: | In early states, government elites provided both productivity-enhancing infrastructure, such as irrigation systems, as well as seemingly non-productive monumental architecture like temples and pyramids. The nature of this ”bread-and-circuses”-tradeoff is not well understood. In this paper, we examine this phenomenon in the Classic Maya civilization (c. 250-950 CE) where city-state elites chose between investing in essential water management infrastructure (reservoirs, canals), and monumental architecture. We analyze information from 870 dated monuments from 110 cities. Correlating this dataset with a proxy record for variations in annual rainfall, we find–perhaps counter-intuitively–that monumental construction activity was more intense during drought years. A text analysis of 2.2 million words from deciphered hieroglyphic inscriptions on monuments, further shows higher frequencies of terms associated with war or violent conflict during periods of drought. We propose that in the Classic Maya setting, with numerous small city-states, monument construction functioned as a costly signaling device about state capacity, designed to attract labor for future control of revenue. |
| Keywords: | Bread and circuses, public goods, monumental architecture, drought, Maya |
| JEL: | P10 D74 B11 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ajk:ajkdps:342 |
| By: | Woongchan Jeon; Lint Barrage; Kieran James Walsh |
| Abstract: | How are financial markets responding to anticipated climate-driven wildfire risk increases? Combining high-resolution meteorological predictions and land use pattern maps with detailed US municipal bond data, this paper finds that municipalities facing higher future wildfire risk increases are already having to pay substantially higher borrowing costs as a result. A one standard deviation increase in future wildfire exposure is associated with a 23-basis point rise in school district bond spreads, corresponding to 42% of the sample mean. Borrowing cost impacts are significantly larger in areas with higher minority population shares and heavier reliance on local revenue sources. |
| Keywords: | wildfires, climate risk, municipal bond, fiscal costs of climate change |
| JEL: | G12 H74 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11447 |
| By: | Hertwich, Edgar (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) |
| Abstract: | Empirical research from a top-down perspective employing input-output analysis suggests that we use one third of the metals to produce machinery and equipment and that their production causes 8% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Yet, our empirical understanding of how much different types of machinery and equipment contribute is limited. Machines are not represented explicitly in climate change mitigation models. There is limited research on mitigation opportunities related to machinery and equipment, and the practice and potential for circular material flows has yet to be explored. It is a very diverse category. For an overview, economic statistics and input-output models building on these are essential. Mitigation opportunities, however, can only be understood through engineering research of specific types. We identify several data sources available for empirical research and indicate options to combine these. We present a dozen propositions for further research. A machinery and equipment scenario model would represent cohorts of machinery archetype parameterized based on empirical parameters derived from statistical data, as well as application- and machine-specific engineering models. It could help us understand investment dynamics, future metal demand, and mitigation opportunities. |
| Date: | 2024–11–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:t35aw |
| By: | Laura Cappellucci; Lan Ha; Jeremy Honig; Christopher R. Knittel; Amy Vetter; Richard Wilner |
| Abstract: | We designed and conducted three randomized control trials in partnership with a large biopharmaceutical company operating over 160 plasma donation centers, with the aim of promoting sustainable behaviors in a workplace setting. Specifically, we focused on reducing operational errors that led to dropped collection materials, long freezer door open times, and improper recycling practices. To achieve these goals, we employed social norms to nudge employees towards 1) reducing wasted collection materials, 2) minimizing the duration of freezer door openings, and 3) improving recycling practices. We found an average reduction of roughly 70 percent in plastic waste from dropped collection materials and the costs associated with these materials. The frequency of freezer door alarms decreased by over 80 percent, and the duration of alarms decreased by over 45 percent, depending on the empirical specification. We also observed a roughly 40 percent reduction in uncollapsed cardboard, with no statistically significant results for other types of contaminants. Importantly, for each of the interventions, we do not find evidence that the treatment effects waned over time or affected business operations. Our study provides significant implications for promoting sustainable behaviors in a workplace setting, filling an important gap in the literature on the effectiveness of nudges in the workplace. |
| JEL: | C93 Q40 Q53 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:33120 |
| By: | Myles, Jamieson |
| Keywords: | Trade finance, Cooperative business, Cotton, Federal credit institutions, History of capitalism |
| JEL: | N00 J54 N12 N22 N42 N52 P10 P13 Q13 Q14 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gnv:wpaper:unige:181156 |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | The Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region has significantly increased its issuance of Green, Social, Sustainability, and Sustainability-Linked (GSSS) bonds, growing from 9.3% of total bond issuance in 2020 to almost 35% in 2023. The share of GSSS in sovereign bonds also rose markedly from 36% in 2022 to 50% in 2023. LAC countries are at the forefront globally in Sustainability-Linked Bond (SLB) issuance, leveraging innovative structures to attract a wider pool of investors. However, effective supervision and regulation of GSSS issuances remain a critical challenge: enhanced oversight is needed through sustainable finance frameworks. While the market in LAC has evolved from self-labelling to adopting external reviews, further improvements in pre- and post-issuance evaluations are necessary to ensure meaningful impacts on sustainable and inclusive development. Additionally, harmonising and interoperating national sustainable taxonomies across LAC countries is key to boosting regional and international investor interest. |
| Keywords: | Emerging markets, Financing for development, Green Finance, Green, Social, Sustainability and Sustainability-linked bonds, Latin America and the Caribbean |
| JEL: | F3 O16 Q01 |
| Date: | 2024–11–19 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaab:56-en |
| By: | Jacob Kim-Sherman; Lee Seltzer |
| Abstract: | In contrast with findings in climate science, economists often treat losses from natural disasters as statistically independent of one another. To better incorporate scientific insights into economic research, we introduce a methodology to identify spatial and temporal clusters in datasets on losses from natural disasters. We find that expected damage increases non-linearly with relative cluster size. Additionally, county-level damage is correlated with the damage experienced by other counties in the same cluster. Our findings suggest that accounting for clustering allows for a more complete understanding of the economic consequences of natural disasters. |
| Keywords: | natural disasters; clustering; climate |
| JEL: | Q50 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–11–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fip:fednsr:99082 |