|
on Agricultural Economics |
| By: | Arpita Mukherjee (Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER)); Ketaki Gaikwad; Anushka Pal |
| Abstract: | This paper presents India's strength as a producer and exporter of agri-products, examines the policies towards building a sustainable food system and their impact, analyses best practices and suggests how they can be scaledup/replicated. It identifies regulatory and other issues and makes policy recommendations that will help develop a sustainable food system, take the country from food security to nutrition security, help enhance quality production, exports and earnings of farmers and enable India to engage better and benefit from trade agreements. |
| Keywords: | Sustainable Food System, Trade policy-India, food security, nutrition security, icrier |
| Date: | 2024–09 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdc:ppaper:25 |
| By: | Sharma, Kriti; Kumar, Anjani; Kumar, Nalini Ranjan |
| Abstract: | Potato remains a crucial crop for achieving India’s food security goals and generating income for small-scale farmers. But India, the largest potato producer after China, remains behind many of its peers in attaining high yield. A low varietal replacement rate could be one of the major reasons for low yield in India. This critical issue warrants investigation, yet empirical results remain limited in the Indian context. Drawing on data from a comprehensive field survey of 892 potato growing farmers conducted in 2018–19 across five major potato-producing states in India, we find the determinants of the average area-weighted age of potato varieties used, and their impact on potato yield. The instrumental variable regression analysis establishes a negative association between varietal age and yield of potato. It also underscores the importance of access to weather forecast and linkages with agricultural organizations to achieve higher yield. Furthermore, it shows that household size, links to political party, and information about new seeds from friends, progressive farmers and input dealers are associated with lower varietal age. These insights will be instrumental for policymakers and potato breeders in promoting sustainable agricultural practices and boosting food security in India amidst the impending demographic challenges. |
| Keywords: | crop yield; food security; policy innovation; potato harvesters; regression analysis; Asia; Southern Asia; India |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2280 |
| By: | Wehner, Jasmin; Yu, Xiaohua |
| Abstract: | Climate change mitigation efforts face increasing demand for animal source food consumption and dairy in particular. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the differences in dairy consumption levels and underlying drivers on a global scale. We attempt to estimate drivers of milk consumption by using a panel regression clustering approach and analyzing the relative importance by applying a Shorrocks-Shapley decomposition of the R-squared. Further, we show how the results change when we incorporate income projections for the years 2050 and 2100. Results suggest that, using a panel data set from 2000 to 2020 for 120 countries, socio-economic milk consumption drivers can be allocated to six different clusters with price elasticities ranging from -1.085 to 0.450 and income elasticities from -0.527 and 1.084. Decomposing the R-squared shows that the value of milk industry seems to explain most of the variance of milk consumption. When considering income projections until the mid and end century, we find that the share of young population gains statistical significance. Future research should investigate how fiscal climate change adaptation policies could be designed effectively while considering heterogeneous milk demand drivers. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Climate Change |
| Date: | 2024–10–30 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:gausfs:347737 |
| By: | Joël Cariolle (FERDI - Fondation pour les Etudes et Recherches sur le Développement International) |
| Abstract: | Digitalisation presents a significant challenge for the development of rural areas in sub-Saharan Africa, where basic infrastructure and public services are often lacking, the financial sector is dysfunctional, insecurity is widespread, climatic conditions are often unfavourable, and farmers are geographically distant from agricultural markets (Aker & Mbiti, 2010; De Janvry & Sadoulet, 2022; Suri & Udry, 2022; Aker & Cariolle, 2023). These obstacles to development are particularly pronounced in rural communities of West African countries, which rely heavily on rain-fed agriculture and are increasingly vulnerable to climatic, geopolitical, and socio-political risks. These risks have negative repercussions on food security, agricultural commodity prices, and productivity (De Longueville, 2020; Sers & Mughal, 2020; Bouët et al., 2023; McGuirk & Nunn, 2023, 2024). |
| Keywords: | Digital development, WAEMU West African Economic and Monetary Union, Mobile phones |
| Date: | 2024–10–23 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04750292 |
| By: | Fernandez-Bou, Angel Santiago; Rodriguez-Flores, Jose M.; Ortiz-Partida, J. Pablo; Fencl, Amanda; Classen-Rodriguez, Leticia; Yang, Vivian; Williams, Emily; Schull, Val Zayden; Dobbin, Kristin; Penny, Gopal |
| Abstract: | There is not enough water in California to support current water uses and preserve healthy environments. California aquifers have been systematically depleted over decades, causing household water insecurity, degrading groundwater-dependent ecosystems, affecting small and medium farmers, and inducing subsidence. The California government enacted the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act a decade ago to prevent declining aquifer levels from continuing to cause undesirable results. This law has indirectly driven the necessity to reduce irrigated agriculture by about half a million hectares. If this change is left to market forces alone, cropland retirement could disrupt local economies and vulnerable communities, increasing the levels of injustice for local residents and threatening farmer and farmworker livelihoods. However, if cropland repurposing is organized and managed correctly and collaboratively among the stakeholders involved, it could improve quality of life in disadvantaged agricultural communities, diversify the economy, create more local socioeconomic opportunities, and increase environmental health while promoting food and nutrition security and advancing water sustainability. In this study, we present a systems-level, coproduced Framework of best practices in cropland repurposing to achieve socioenvironmental and economic benefits for all. The Framework is informed and supported by peer-reviewed science, authors’ first-hand experiences, and public engagement about the topic for several years. Our team includes scientists, community leaders, and other experts in cropland repurposing, socioenvironmental justice, agriculture, climate change, land trusts, disadvantaged communities, energy, Indigenous knowledge, and ecosystems. The Framework includes guiding objectives and best practices to overcome co-occurring challenges that prioritize public health, justice, equitable development, sustainable agriculture, green economies, protection to vulnerable groups, education, grassroots leadership, and cultural preservation. We conduct an extensive literature review of the current status quo and to support the best practices identified in our Framework. This review and coproduced Framework aim to ensure that anyone following these best practices can develop new solutions without causing new problems, while fully considering the impacts on all groups affected firsthand by cropland repurposing. |
| Date: | 2024–10–16 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:bvfsm |
| By: | Gopinath, Munisamy; Varma, Poornima; Steinbach, Sandro |
| Abstract: | Food security remains a challenge in South Asia since GDP per capita averaged US$ 2, 308 in 2023, the secondlowest among all regions as per the World Bank’s World Development Indicators. Moreover, this region holds the largest number of undernourished people (281 million or 13 percent of the population in 2023) according to the Food and Agriculture Organization. Simultaneously, sustainability of agricultural production with a changing climate has emerged as an additional challenge in recent times. For instance, South Asia’s renewable internal freshwater resource per capita has fallen from over 3000 to about 1000 cubic meters between 1961 and 2020, accompanied by a 68 percent decline in arable land (hectares) per person (World Development Indicators). |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, International Relations/Trade, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–10–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iatrpb:347897 |
| By: | Boukaka, Sedi Anne; Azzarri, Carlo; Davis, Kristin E.; Dao, The Anh; Vu, Dang Toan |
| Abstract: | The Asia-Pacific region houses 52% of the world's 767.9 million undernourished people. Although the prevalence of undernourishment in Viet Nam nearly halved from 2000 to 2019, progress slowed due to climate change, conflict, and other factors. Some 5.1 million people, or 5.2% of the population in Viet Nam are undernourished (FAO 2021). In rural areas, particularly among ethnic groups, these rates are higher. For instance, household food insecurity in rural districts in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta prevalence was 34.4% and 48.4% in the last month and last year, respectively. The rates of stunting and underweight among children aged under five in ethnic groups in Viet Nam remain at 31.4% and 21% respectively, according to the National Institute of Nutrition (2023). |
| Keywords: | food security; healthy diets; nutrition; sustainability; Asia; South-eastern Asia; Vietnam |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:155400 |
| By: | Kapoor, Shreya; Sma, Abdelkarim; Pathak, Himanshu; Pradhan, Mamata |
| Abstract: | Climate-smart agriculture (CSA) is pivotal in combating the impacts of climate change on global agriculture and food security. It has increasingly gained prominence as an adaptation strategy against the adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture, particularly in South Asia. However, scaling up the adoption of CSA interventions becomes critical, due to predominantly small and marginal nature of landholdings in the region, various institutional and policy constraints, and trade regulations and barriers. Another significant challenge lies in categorizing and prioritizing the multitude of technologies considered to be climate smart. Therefore, this study attempts to explore the different CSA technologies within the socio-economic context of six South Asian countries: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, with the main objective of proioritization and scaling-up of these methods. The study begins by compiling an inventory of existing technologies and subsequently prioritizing them by using the World Bank (WB) CSA Technology Index. Secondly, the study tries to address the key challenges and propose policy measures to upscale the adoption of CSA technologies in these countries using participatory research conducted with the key stakeholders in these countries. The participatory research provided valuable insights, revealing critical policy and institutional barriers, and providing a basis for framing strategies and policy solutions to facilitate wider adoption of CSA technologies in the region. |
| Keywords: | climate change; climate-smart agriculture; prioritization; scaling up; Bangladesh; Bhutan; India; Nepal; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Asia; Southern Asia |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2285 |
| By: | Mustapha EL JARARI (Laboratoire de Recherche en Économie Sociale et Solidaire, Gouvernance et Développement (LARESSGD)); Brahim EL MORCHID (Laboratoire de Recherche en Économie Sociale et Solidaire, Gouvernance et Développement (LARESSGD)) |
| Abstract: | The fundamental scientific challenges of this research are twofold. Firstly, it assesses the association between the membership of smallholder farming households in dairy cooperatives and their ability to strengthen their resilience to food insecurity, as measured by the Food Consumption Score, in the context of the Souss valley. Subsequently, through the use of a binary logistic regression model, this study analyzes the influence of various socio-economic factors on the probability of joining these cooperatives. The aim is to determine the main factors influencing this participation and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Our results show that over 60% of smallholders are not members of cooperatives, while those who are members own on average four times more livestock than non-members. Remoteness from milk collection centers significantly reduces the probability of membership, while off-farm income and financial transfers from migrants substantially increase this probability. Although access to irrigation water is beneficial, its effect remains limited. In addition, labor availability quadruples the likelihood of membership, while access to credit and land size show no significant effect, and agricultural extension visits do not appear to have any measurable impact. |
| Abstract: | Les enjeux scientifiques fondamentaux de cette recherche sont de deux types. En premier lieu, il évalue l'association entre l'adhésion des ménages de petits exploitants agricoles aux coopératives laitières et leur capacité à renforcer leur résilience face à l'insécurité alimentaire, mesurée par le Score de Consommation Alimentaire, dans le contexte de la vallée du Souss. Par la suite, à travers l'utilisation d'un modèle de régression logistique binaire, cette étude analyse l'influence de divers facteurs socio-économiques sur la probabilité d'adhésion à ces coopératives. L'objectif est de déterminer les principaux facteurs influençant cette participation et d'élucider les mécanismes sous-jacents. Nos résultats montrent que plus de 60 % des petits exploitants ne sont pas membres de coopératives, tandis que ceux qui adhèrent possèdent en moyenne un cheptel quatre fois plus important que les non-membres. L'éloignement des centres de collecte de lait réduit significativement la probabilité d'adhésion, tandis que les revenus non agricoles et les transferts financiers des migrants augmentent substantiellement cette probabilité. Bien que l'accès à l'eau d'irrigation soit bénéfique, son effet reste limité. En outre, la disponibilité en main-d'œuvre quadruple les chances d'adhésion, alors que l'accès au crédit et la taille des terres ne montrent pas d'effet significatif, et les visites de vulgarisation agricole ne semblent pas avoir d'impact mesurable. |
| Keywords: | Coopératives laitières, Petits paysans, Sécurité alimentaire, Vallée du Souss |
| Date: | 2024–10–17 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04745516 |
| By: | Dahl, Hauke; Jacobs-Mata, Inga |
| Keywords: | Food systems; Land; Water systems; Innovation scaling; Fragility; Conflicts; Migration; Finance; Climate change |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iwt:conppr:h052493 |
| By: | Ahmed, Akhter U.; Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab; Hoddinott, John; Roy, Shalini |
| Abstract: | Evidence shows that cash and in-kind transfer programs increase food security while interventions are ongoing, including during or immediately after shocks. But less is known about whether receipt of these programs can have protective effects for household food security against shocks that occur several years after interventions end. We study the effects of a transfer program implemented as a cluster-randomized control trial in rural Bangladesh from 2012-2014 – the Transfer Modality Research Initiative (TMRI) – on food security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We assess TMRI’s impacts at three post-program time points: before the shock (2018), amidst the shock (2021), and after the immediate effects of the shock (2022). We find that TMRI showed protective effects on household food security during and after the pandemic, but program design features “mattered†; positive impacts were only seen in the treatment arm that combined cash transfers with nutrition behavior change communication (Cash+BCC). Other treatment arms – cash only, and food only – showed no significant sustained effects on our household food security measures after the intervention ended, nor did they show protective effects during the pandemic. A plausible mechanism is that investments made by Cash+BCC households in productive assets – specifically livestock – increased their pre-shock resilience capacity. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19; resilience; shock; social protection; Asia; Southern Asia; Bangladesh |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2282 |
| By: | de Brauw, Alan; Hirvonen, Kalle; Mekonnen, Daniel; Chege, Christine |
| Abstract: | Healthy diets are linked to improved health outcomes, including a reduced risk of heart disease, cancer, and obesity. While the specifics of healthy diets remain a topic of ongoing debate, most nutritional guidelines emphasize nutrient-dense foods like whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes, and nuts, while advocating for moderate consumption of animal-sourced foods. |
| Keywords: | enterprises; food environment; nutrition; surveys; Ethiopia; Africa; Eastern Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:cgiarp:155237 |
| By: | Adi Nugraha (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University); Raphael Paut (Agronomie - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Ari Ganjar Herdiansah (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University); Susanti Withaningsih (Agronomie - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Parikesit Parikesit (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University); Oekan S Abdoellah (UnPad - Universitas Padjadjaran = Padjadjaran University) |
| Abstract: | This study examined the social and economic feasibility of urban farming in Bandung, indonesia, from the viewpoint of the actors. observations, semi-structured and in-depth interviews with key informants including urban farmers, urban farming community leaders, traders, and government representatives in Bandung were used to collect data. according to the remarks of the interviewees, urban farming in Bandung is not economically motivated because the practices are not economically profitable for the actors. Rather, social factors, such as social collectivity and personal aspirations have propelled some of the urban farming movement's continuity in Bandung. This paper concludes that the city government has to start taking social motives into account when designing future urban farming programs rather than only highlighting its profitability, which can lead to future disappointments. This suggestion can contribute to the betterment of future urban farming activities in Bandung and cities with similar characteristics around the world. |
| Keywords: | community gardens, food production, sustainability, initiatives, Urban farming |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04728228 |
| By: | Benjamin Chipperfield (Economics, Monash University); Paulo Santos (Economics, Monash University); Carly Cook (Biological Sciences, Monash University) |
| Abstract: | Reducing the impact of large-scale biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and human wellbeing requires understanding which aspects of biodiversity are central to the ecosystem services on which humans rely. Despite this need, the impact of biodiversity on fishing yield in freshwater systems is not well understood. Using detailed data on fish catch and estimates of fish functional diversity in the Mekong River Basin, we build on the ecological notion of the river continuum concept (that links biological diversity with the natural variation in the physical environment along a river) to show that higher levels of diversity lead to economically significant increases in freshwater fish yield. We also show that local fisheries are vulnerable to the extinction of a small number of key species which, if lost, could compromise the productivity of local fisheries. Our analysis suggests that achieving win-win solutions that link biodiversity protection with improvements in economic outcomes in freshwater fisheries may require well targeted conservation efforts. |
| Keywords: | freshwater fisheries, biodiversity, functional richness, river continuum theory, community composition |
| JEL: | Q22 Q57 |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mos:moswps:2024-18 |
| By: | Ogunlusi, Abiola |
| Abstract: | The importance of government-led coordinated efforts in livestock disaster management and the livestock emergency response to safeguard livelihoods and food security brought up the development of Livestock Emergency Management Guidelines and Standards (LEGS) in Nigeria. This study examined the application of LEGS and investigated the effectiveness of current Livestock Emergency Practices in Northern Nigeria. The study also compared livestock emergency practices in Nigeria with those in New Zealand, Australia, and Canada, highlighting existing gaps. Despite the sector's potential, challenges persist, thus effective emergency practices are needed because this plays a fundamental role in the country's agricultural development. This study emphasised the importance of LEGS and other livestock emergency practices in safeguarding livestock, reducing mortality rates during crises, and bridging gaps in livestock emergency management. This research used qualitative research by obtaining data through open-ended questions which informed the interpretation of the findings using a thematic analysis. It was gathered during the interview session with the respondents that “Sharing of information helps to see what other livestock farmers have done well and imitate them, it helps to ensure that what works for some livestock farmers to recover from the impact crises are replicated by other livestock farmers to see how effective the solution is”. Another respondent stated that “Improving the awareness of the people on the need for livestock emergency management” would be effective. The development and implementation of LEGS in Nigeria can lead to better crisis response and recovery, enhance livestock welfare, and ensure the well-being of livestock producers. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Emergency Management Guidelines and Standards, Livestock Emergency Management, Livestock Emergency Practices, Nigeria, and Livelihoods. |
| JEL: | O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–09–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:122437 |
| By: | Isabelle Tsakok |
| Abstract: | Mauritius was on the brink of disintegration in the 1980s, but by 2019 had managed a peaceful transformation from a low income, monocrop, inward-oriented economy to a diversified, outward-oriented, upper middle-income country. Mauritius is now again at a crossroads, having to adapt to accelerating climate change and the impacts of multiple crises. The government of Mauritius has a vision of transforming the country into a knowledge-intensive and inclusive economy of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). Will it succeed this time? It can if it has the leadership, commitment to deepen reforms already started, and the implementation capacity. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbecon:pb_10_23 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | It is estimated that $1 trillion to $6 trillion per year (up to 2050) needs to be invested globally if the world is to stay below the 2°C global warming ceiling of the Paris Agreement and to meet its adaptation goals. Currently, investments stand at about $630 billion per year, way below the original target. And although great efforts have been made in the climate-finance area, more than 70% of the funds deployed have gone to one sector, renewable energy, followed by the transportation sector. The agriculture sector has been severely underfunded, even though it produces 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions. This leaves the most vulnerable communities at risk as the effects of climate change are already impacting this sector intensely. In this policy brief, four principles are proposed as a foundation when deploying funds into climate-change mitigation and adaptation projects: equity, creativity, impact, and transparency. Climate finance has an enormous potential to make bigger impacts when the right principles are applied. |
| Date: | 2023–04 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_20_23 |
| By: | Mustapha El Jarari (Laboratoire de Recherche en Économie Sociale et Solidaire, Gouvernance et Développement (LARESSGD)) |
| Abstract: | This study uses the RIMA-II framework (FAO, 2016) to analyze the determinants of resilience among smallholder farmers in the Souss Valley, focusing on four key pillars: access to basic services, agricultural and non-agricultural assets, social safety nets, and adaptive capacity. The methodological approach is based on two steps: principal component analysis (PCA) followed by Varimax rotation. PCA helped simplify the data and identify a coherent set of variables influencing resilience. The results reveal that the accessibility of public services has a strong impact on the first pillar, while land and agricultural resources are essential for the second pillar. Participation in community organizations is a key factor for the third pillar, and agricultural resources and practices play a major role in the fourth pillar. This analysis provides an in-depth understanding of the primary determinants of resilience for households in this historically agricultural region of Morocco. |
| Abstract: | Cette étude utilise le cadre RIMA-II (FAO, 2016) pour analyser les déterminants de la résilience des petits exploitants agricoles dans la vallée du Souss, en s'appuyant sur quatre piliers clés : accès aux services de base, actifs agricoles et non agricoles, filets de sécurité sociale et capacité d'adaptation. L'approche méthodologique repose sur deux étapes : une analyse en composantes principales (ACP) suivie d'une rotation Varimax. L'ACP a permis de simplifier les données et d'identifier un ensemble cohérent de variables influençant la résilience. Les résultats révèlent que l'accessibilité des services publics impacte fortement le premier pilier, tandis que les ressources foncières et agricoles sont essentielles pour le deuxième pilier. La participation dans les organisations communautaires est déterminante pour le troisième pilier, et les ressources et pratiques agricoles jouent un rôle clé dans le quatrième pilier. Cette analyse fournit une compréhension approfondie des principaux déterminants de la résilience des ménages dans cette région historiquement agricole du Maroc. |
| Keywords: | ACP, Resilience, RIMA II, Smallholder Farmers, Souss Valley |
| Date: | 2024–10–18 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04745513 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | The fundamental role that water resources play in human development has been highlighted in multiple ways; the United Nations SDGs underline 17 different goals and over a hundred targets to be achieved by 2030. Out of 169 SDG targets, 59 were found to have direct links and synergies with the water goal SDG6 (UN Water, 2016). Careful policy making and interventions need to be implemented to avoid conflict among sectors and tradeoffs must be well established. The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM – since 1992) was adopted by most countries and made significant strides in formulating a good foundation for policies and synergies between stakeholders. Nevertheless, IWRM concepts need to be adaptive and revisited to achieve the Agenda 2030 targets. This policy brief introduces water management as a system of interactions between water and other vital resources including food, energy, and health among others; it presents several concepts to bring about policy coherence and quantitative protocols for a more cohesive implementation of policies and tradeoffs in the water sector and beyond. |
| Date: | 2023–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_08_23 |
| By: | Yu Yuan; Xiaoke Xie; Yulei Xie |
| Abstract: | In recent years, with rising consumer demand, fresh products have gained increasing attention, leading to rapid growth in the fresh food market. However, due to their perishable nature and sensitivity to storage conditions, fresh products are vulnerable to damage during transportation. Improper handling, excessive transit times, and physical impacts can result in significant losses. As a result, enhancing the efficiency of fresh product distribution while maintaining quality has become critical to the further development of the fresh food industry. Using Y chain supermarket as a case study, this paper investigates the logistics of fresh product distribution, identifying current challenges and inefficiencies. Through literature review, expert interviews, and comparative analysis, the study offers strategic recommendations for optimizing fresh product delivery routes to improve distribution efficiency and product quality. |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2410.10159 |
| By: | Rabi Mohtar |
| Abstract: | A 2023 United Nations progress report (UN, 2023) showed that, of the 169 targets that make up the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), only 15% are on track, and progress on many has either stalled or regressed. The Water-Energy-Food nexus approach has highlighted the utmost importance of understanding the interconnections between systems in order to accelerate the achievement of the SDGs. In this policy brief, we use the lessons learned from the water sector through a case study from Matagorda County in Texas, U.S. We take an analytical approach that facilitates the understanding of systems at different scales, using models that help reduce the complexity of the systems, and applying this knowledge to create synergies and solutions. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:pbcoen:pb_01_24 |
| By: | Meltem Chadwick (The South East Asian Central Banks (SEACEN) Research and Training Centre); Hulya Saygili (Atilim University) |
| Abstract: | This study addresses a significant gap in the existing literature by examining the association between weather variables, i.e., temperature and precipitation, and food price inflation at monthly frequency. Using a comprehensive panel dataset that spans 23 years of data for 186 countries, we explore this relationship in depth. Furthermore, we employ panel quantile regression techniques to investigate how weather-related variables influence food price inflation across different quantiles of inflation. Our findings reveal three key results. First, we establish that weather variables play a crucial role in explaining inflation, with temperature generally having a negative coefficient with inflation contemporaneously. In contrast, precipitation appears to have a positive coefficient, and the strength of these associations varies across different inflation quantiles. In addition, although the contemporaneous effect is negative, the cumulative inflationary effect of 1â—¦C temperature increase reaches up to 0.6 percentage points. Subsequently, our results demonstrate sensitivity to the method of clustering the panel of countries, indicating the importance of methodological considerations in such analyses. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Food price inflation; Panel data; Quantile regression |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sea:wpaper:wp55 |
| By: | Batsukh, Daginnas; Tao, Jill Leslie; Puntsagnamjil, Mend-Amgalan |
| Abstract: | This research, a collaborative effort, aims to bridge the gap between governance recommendations at the international level for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and local practice (local perspectives). It explores local stakeholders’ environmental concerns through demographic attributes, including gender, education, and generational cohort. Stakeholders' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding environmental concerns were assessed within the context of the local mid-term restoration program, Green Darkhan-2030, in Darkhan City, Mongolia. 266 participants from the "Green Darkhan-2030 forum, " who are considered key stakeholders of the local restoration program, completed our survey. To ensure the reliability of the survey findings, interviews were conducted with 16 stakeholder representatives, including residents, government officials, NGOs, research and training organizations, and international organizations. The data were categorized into five groups using 24 indicator statements: environmental policy knowledge, climate change awareness, attitudes on environmental pollution, land degradation awareness, and sustainability practices. We saw variations in environmental concern across different generations, including Gen Z, Millennials, Gen X, and Baby Boomers, with young Millennials aged 27 to 35 demonstrating significantly higher levels of environmental concern. The research findings also provide valuable insights into the impact of gender differences on pollution and degradation concerns. While education significantly influences environmental concerns, we found that it had a limited impact on climate change awareness, urban greening, and environmental policy knowledge. These research findings have since been incorporated into the Darkhan City midterm restoration program, ensuring that the perspectives and insights of stakeholders will help to shape future efforts. |
| Date: | 2024–10–14 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:eux56 |
| By: | Rubin, Deborah |
| Abstract: | This paper reports on approaches for strengthening women’s empowerment that were implemented by project partners involved in the International Food Policy Research (IFPRI)-led Applying New Evidence for Women’s Empowerment (ANEW) project funded by the Walmart Foundation. The study explores the partner organizations’ websites and publications, project materials, and selected staff interviews to better understand how each envisions women’s empowerment and the pathways for supporting it. The four implementing project partners are Grameen Foundation, Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) in India, Root Capital in Mexico, and TechnoServe in Guatemala. Their programs and their organizational approaches vary in whether they primarily focus on women rather than more broadly targeting both women and men and their gender relationships. Some organizations are more “organic†in integrating attention to gender and empowerment into their programs, designing and implementing an approach on a case by case basis. Others are more intentional in establishing organization-wide policies, strategies, and monitoring systems. The organizations also differ in their positions on supporting “economic empowerment†and clear economic benefits such as prioritizing increased income or assets in contrast to those that also seek to actively change social norms and achieve other social dimensions of empowerment that encompass behaviors around decision-making, mobility, and self-confidence. Another variation is in the organizations’ attention to enterprise development and, consequently to entrepreneurship and upgrading, and what aspects of women's empowerment are most critical for achieving those goals. This paper offers implementers and their funders insight into organizational differences in approaches to women’s empowerment. The review demonstrates that both funders and implementers continue to focus on strengthening women’s economic empowerment by increasing women’s incomes and assets, often with good results. However, they often lack clear theories of change or explicit strategies to strengthen other dimensions of women’s empowerment. More nuanced, evidence-based theories of change and targeted actions could strengthen program design to expand and support women’s achievement of empowerment across all its dimensions. |
| Keywords: | agriculture; gender; policies; women; women’s empowerment |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2283 |
| By: | Seymour, Greg; Cole, Steven M.; Costenbader, Elizabeth; Mwakanyamale, Devis; Adeyeye, Olajumoke; Feleke, Shiferaw; Ferguson, Nathaniel; Heckert, Jessica |
| Abstract: | Increasingly, gender transformative approaches (GTAs), which seek to transform the underlying causes of gender inequalities, including discriminatory gender norms, are being used in agrifood systems (AFS) interventions. A growing body of evidence finds that GTAs contribute to positive impacts on a wide range of important development outcomes and have potential for improving gender equality. One limitation to better understanding changes in AFS-based gender norms as a result of GTAs is a lack of appropriate quantitative tools for measuring these norms. This work is an important step in filling that gap. Herein we detail the collaborative process that we undertook in Nigeria and Tanzania to develop a quantitative approach to measuring gender norms in the cassava, poultry, and fisheries value chains in each country. We then provide guidance for how implementing and research partners using GTAs in AFS can apply our learnings to their own work. |
| Keywords: | agrifood systems; gender norms; gender inequality; value chains; gender; Nigeria; Tanzania; Africa; Eastern Africa; Western Africa |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2279 |
| By: | Otaviano Canuto; Sabrine Emran; Badr Mandri |
| Abstract: | Africa has a wealth of natural resources, including minerals, agriculture, and energy commodities, which provides an opportunity for the financialization of these commodities on the continent, a concept that has gained global attention and sparked debate on the potential benefits and drawbacks. Although the financialization of commodities has been studied in various contexts, including in African countries, challenges such as liquidity constraints and market readiness have emerged as critical impediments to its widespread adoption. This paper examines the existing literature to clarify the positive and negative aspects of commodity financialization, drawing on global examples and specific cases within Africa. By examining best practices and lessons learned, this paper offers guidance on how African countries can navigate the complexities of preparing for and embracing commodity financialization in order to unlock its potential benefits while mitigating the associated risks. |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ocp:rpaeco:pp_08-24 |
| By: | Renato P. Colistete |
| Abstract: | This article presents new estimates of the number of enslaved workers, immigrants, and nationals employed in coffee production in the province of São Paulo during the years 1886-1887, just a few months before the Abolition and the beginning of mass European immigration. Drawing on slave labor, the expansion of coffee in the Paraíba Valley and the new areas of western São Paulo also incorporated different forms of free labor, whose numbers, distribution, and importance, however, remain an enigma and a subject of divergent and even opposing views. The main challenge is the scarcity – or lack – of quantitative data on each group of workers, especially in the case of free labor. This difficulty is exacerbated because the proportion of enslaved, immigrants, and nationals engaged in coffee cultivation may have varied substantially between different regions and periods of coffee expansion in São Paulo. As an alternative, this article adapts the method used by Van Delden Laërne (Brazil and Java, 1885) to estimate the distribution of the workforce on rural properties, using a variety of sources and data – such as the 1886 provincial census, the 1887 slave register (“matrícula de escravos†), reports from railway companies and farm records, as well as information from contemporary observers. The estimates indicate that, in 1886-1887, just over half of the labor force in São Paulo’s coffee agriculture was composed of enslaved workers. Thus, while the slave labor regime continued to be predominant on the province’s coffee farms, free labor (including freedmen) played a significant role on the eve of the Abolition and even before the Great Immigration began in the early months of 1887. The composition of this free labor was not limited to European immigrants. On the contrary, the importance of Brazilian workers appears to have been even greater than that of immigrants across the coffee farms of the time. The distribution of coffee labor also varied between regions, according to the timing of agricultural frontier expansion, with western São Paulo exhibiting a relative participation of enslaved workers in coffee cultivation almost identical to that of the Paraíba Valley. What distinguished the two traditional regions was the composition of free labor: in the older region, nationals made up almost half of the workforce engaged in coffee, while in the West free labor was distributed approximately equally between immigrants and nationals. In the new areas of coffee agriculture in the New West and the Frontier zones, with a relatively smaller number of immigrants and nationals, enslaved workers composed the dominant workforce until the beginning of the Great Immigration in 1887 and the collapse of slavery. |
| Keywords: | Coffee agriculture; Enslaved workers; Immigrants; Nationals; São Paulo; 1886-1887 |
| JEL: | N56 N36 N96 |
| Date: | 2024–11–06 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon27 |
| By: | Lohmann, Paul M; Gsottbauer, Elisabeth; Farrington, James; Human, Steve; Reisch, Lucia A |
| Abstract: | Greenhouse gas emissions from the food system constitute about one-third of the global total, hence mitigation in this sphere of human activity is a vital goal for research and policy. This study empirically tests the effectiveness of different interventions to reduce the carbon footprint of food choices made on food-delivery apps, using an incentive-compatible online randomized controlled trial with 4, 008 participants. The experiment utilized an interactive web platform that mimics popular online food-delivery platforms (such as Just Eat) and included three treatment conditions: a sign-posted meat tax, a carbon-footprint label, and a choice-architecture intervention that changed the order of the menu so that the lowest carbon-impact restaurants and dishes were presented first. Results show that only the choice-architecture nudge significantly reduced the average meal carbon footprint—by 0.3 kg/CO2e per order (12%), driven by a 5.6 percentage point (13%) reduction in high-carbon meal choices. Moreover, we find evidence of significant health and well-being co-benefits. Menu repositioning resulted in the average meal order having greater nutritional value and fewer calories, whilst significantly increasing self-reported satisfaction with the meal choice. Simple back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that menu repositioning would be a highly cost-effective policy instrument if implemented at scale, with the return on investment expected to be in the range of £1.28 to £3.85 per metric ton of avoided CO2 emissions, depending on implementation costs. |
| Keywords: | carbon-footprint labeling; choice architecture; food-delivery apps; low-carbon diets; repositioning |
| JEL: | L81 |
| Date: | 2024–10–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:125835 |
| By: | Trung V. Vu |
| Abstract: | This paper establishes a statistically and economically significant cross-country relationship between national responses to climate change and genetic distance, which is a proxy for countries’ dissimilarities in cultures, ancestry, and historical legacies associated with long-term exposure to divergent historical trajectories. It finds that countries that are genetically distant to the world-leading nation-state of climate change mitigation tend to experience barriers to the cross-border diffusion of climate change policies and hence exhibit worse responses to climate change. A potential explanation is that climate change polices are more likely to spread between closely related countries with more similar preferences for the provision of the public goods of environmental and climate protection. The findings imply that strengthening climate change mitigation requires overcoming obstacles to international policy diffusion. |
| Keywords: | genetic distance, long-term relatedness, climate change, policy diffusion |
| JEL: | O11 O13 O33 Q54 |
| Date: | 2024–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:camaaa:2024-66 |
| By: | Gaël Mariani (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Fabien Moullec (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Trisha B Atwood; Beverley Clarkson; Richard T Conant; Leanne Cullen-Unsworth; Bronson Griscom; Julian Gutt; Jennifer Howard; Dorte Krause- Jensen; Sara M Leavitt; Shing Yip Lee; Stephen J Livesley; Peter I Macreadie; Michael St-John; Chris Zganjar; William W L Cheung; Carlos M Duarte; Yunne-Jai Shin; Gerald G Singh; Nicolas Loiseau (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); Marc Troussellier (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier); David Mouillot (UMR MARBEC - MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation - MARBEC - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier) |
| Abstract: | Combating climate change and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) are two important challenges humanity is facing. Natural Climate Solutions (NCS) can contribute to the achievement of these two commitments but can also generate conflicting trade-offs. Here, we reviewed the literature and used expert knowledge to assess co-benefits and trade-offs between 12 NCS-related ecosystems and 150 SDG targets. We show that terrestrial, coastal and marine NCS enable the achievement of a different set of SDG targets with low redundancy. Implementing NCS in various ecosystems would therefore maximise the achievement of SDG targets but would also induce trade-offs, particularly if best practices are not followed. As the world prepares to deploy NCS at large scales, these trade-offs need to be considered to ensure that NCS achieve widespread climate outcomes while also delivering a large breadth of SDG targets for diverse stakeholder |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04756965 |
| By: | F. Charton-Vachet (Audencia Business School); D. Louis; C. Lombart (Audencia Business School) |
| Abstract: | Abstract Purpose The objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the communication themes that retailers should prioritise to convey terroir store brands' (TSBs) authenticity and the impact of their authenticity on several variables (i.e. value, attitude, trust, intentions and effective purchases). TSBs combine a variety of products that adhere to stringent standards associated with a terroir. Charters et al. (2017) referred to a terroir as ‘a resource based on unique physical origins and shared cultural personification that shape a product's benefits into a meaningful value proposition' (p. 755). Three communication themes were studied: the ingredients' origin, traditional local recipes and the producer's history in a region (terroir). Design/methodology/approach An experiment was conducted in a store laboratory. A total of 420 consumers representative of the French population were randomly assigned to four independent groups in a between-subjects study design. They shopped in the store laboratory with a section dedicated to a TSB. Each of the independent samples in this experiment was exposed to posters in the store laboratory related to the three communication themes studied. The control group did not see any posters. Findings The study showed that the level of TSB authenticity was highest for the communication theme related to the traditional local recipes of the culinary dishes offered by the TSB. Next came the theme related to the ingredients' origin, followed by the producer's history in the terroir. Moreover, for the communication theme related to the traditional local recipes, TSB authenticity had a direct impact on value, trust and intentions. Moreover, the link between intentions and effective purchases of TSB products has only been established for this specific communication theme. Originality/value First, this study adds to the limited research on TSBs' authenticity and identifies the communication themes retailers should use to promote such brands. It also proposes an integrative model of the consequences of TSBs' authenticity in the retailing field that highlights the direct and indirect links (through value, attitude, trust and intentions) between authenticity and consumers' effective purchases. Finally, it indicates the kind of discourse on TSBs that conveys their authenticity. |
| Keywords: | Store brand, terroir, authenticity, brand communication |
| Date: | 2024–10 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04740676 |
| By: | Bruno Caprettini (Universität St. Gallen - School of Economics and Political Sciences Swiss Institute for International Economics and Applied Economic Research); Lorenzo Casaburi (Universität Zürich - Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakutält); Miriam Venturini (Department of Economics, University of California Riverside) |
| Abstract: | Governments often implement large-scale redistribution policies to gain enduring political support. However, little is known on whether such policies generate sizable gains, whether these gains are persistent, and why. We study the political consequences of a major land reform in Italy. A panel spatial regression discontinuity design shows that the reform generated large electoral gains for the incumbent Christian Democratic party. The electoral effects persist over four decades. We explore several channels and find that clientelist brokering and patronage are plausible mechanisms for this persistence. |
| Keywords: | redistribution, voting, clientelism, land reform, Italy |
| JEL: | P16 N44 Q15 D72 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucr:wpaper:202408 |