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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒02‒05
twenty-six papers chosen by |
| By: | Kadir, Kadir; Prasetyo, Octavia Rizky; Rudiana, Eka |
| Abstract: | Measuring the food insecurity of agricultural households is very important in the Indonesian context since the country’s agricultural sector is dominated by small-scale farmers that are prone to food insecurity. Moreover, it also describes the resilience and sustainability of the agricultural sector in the country from the social dimension. However, to date, there is no study assessing the prevalence of food insecurity among agricultural households in Indonesia utilizing a nationwide agricultural survey. Hence, to fill the gap, this study aims to gauge the prevalence of food insecurity among agricultural households in Indonesia. In doing so, we applied the Rasch model to the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) data obtained from the results of first Indonesia’s Agricultural Integrated Survey (AGRIS) conducted in 2021. After applying the Rasch Model on FIES data collected from 212, 339 agricultural household samples responding to all FIES questions, we found that our FIES data provide a reliable measurement of food insecurity in agricultural households. Following the SDG 2.1.2 framework, the final results showed that the proportion of agricultural households in Indonesia experiencing severe levels of food insecurity was 0.29 per cent while the proportion of agricultural households experiencing moderate or severe levels of food insecurity, combined, was 3.27 per cent of around 20 million agricultural households. As expected, those households experiencing severe food insecurity only manage a small area of agricultural land, particularly on Java Island with an average of fewer than 0.5 hectares per household. This finding may suggest that food insecurity exists in Indonesia among agricultural households with limited access to agricultural land resources. |
| Keywords: | agricultural household; FIES; AGRIS; Rasch model; Indonesia |
| JEL: | Q12 Q18 |
| Date: | 2023–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119416&r=agr |
| By: | Prasetyo, Octavia Rizky; Kadir, Kadir |
| Abstract: | Climate change is a critical issue for food insecurity in many countries. It can disrupt food availability since it potentially results in the reduction of agricultural yield and eventually threatens smallholder farmers' livelihood and food security in the future. In the context of Indonesia, paddy cultivation, as one of the primary crop commodities, is also prone to climatic issues, such as floods and drought. However, to our knowledge, studies examining climate change's impact on the yield of paddy utilizing the nationwide survey in Indonesia are still limited. Hence, this study aims to assess the impact of climate change on the wetland and dryland paddy yield in Indonesia. In doing so, we applied a logistics regression to the 2021 Indonesian Crop-Cutting Survey results. The survey is conducted annually by Indonesian Statistical Agency (BPS) to obtain the yield data and information related to farmers' perceptions of climate change's impact on yield. After applying a logistics model to 50, 619 wetland paddy crop samples and 1, 081 dryland paddy crop samples, we found that paddy growers experiencing events resulting from climate change are more likely to have a higher probability of experiencing a decrease in their paddy yield than those who did not experience them, which is 2.23 times higher for wetland paddy and 1.77 times higher for dryland paddy. Besides, an incline in pest attack intensity and water insufficiency are also found to impact paddy yield reduction significantly. Further, based on kernel density distribution between groups of farmers, our finding pointed out that the yield of farmers affected by climatic issues, experiencing an increase in pest attacks, and facing water shortage, is slightly to the left of the opposite groups, which means that they are significantly lower than those unaffected. To conclude, this finding confirms that climate change, pest attacks, and insufficient avail water play a non-negligible role as yield-reducing factors in Indonesia's wetland and dryland paddy production. Thus, the mitigation of climate change impact, better strategy for pest control, and improved water management in paddy cultivation are essential to maintaining paddy production's sustainability. |
| Keywords: | climate change; yield; crop-cutting; paddy; Indonesia |
| JEL: | Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2023–06–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119446&r=agr |
| By: | Edith Kouakou; Marielle Brunette; Richard Koenig; Philippe Delacote |
| Abstract: | The links between nitrogen uses and insurance are explored in this paper via the comparison of two insurance mechanisms: multi-peril crop insurance currently offered in France, and an index insurance based on area yields. A simulation of the two insurance systems on a data set at plot scale for two crops (maize and grassland) in the French department, Deux-S`evres, over the period 2010-2013, allowed us to define the most advantageous system in terms of yield loss coverage. Using the simulation result, we then modelled the relationship between nitrogen fertilisation and insurance eligibility for each of the two schemes based on a production function that links nitrogen to the yields. We found a mixed effect of nitrogen on insurance eligibility in both schemes for the two crops considered, suggesting that the effects of policies aimed at reducing nitrogen fertiliser use differ depending on the insurance system and the crop type. These results highlight the usefulness of crop-specific insurance contracts and bring insights to the current debates about crop insurance reform in various European countries, including France. |
| Keywords: | Crop Insurance; Nitrogen fertiliser; Risk; French Agriculture. |
| JEL: | Q14 G22 Q50 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ulp:sbbeta:2023-38&r=agr |
| By: | Hettiarachchi, Upeksha; Zhang, Wei; Pham, Thuy Thu; Davis, Kristin; Fadda, Carlo |
| Abstract: | This study focuses on the valuation of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam, two countries that have received much attention from the international development community for their biodiversity significance, opportunities for scaling, climate and poverty challenges, and political will. Using The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) framework and the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), this study estimates per hectare values of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam based on a systematic literature review of studies on the values of ecosystem services in both countries. Provisioning services, such as medicines, timber, and non-timber forest products were better studied than regulating, supporting and cultural ecosystem services, underscoring the need for further research to better estimate the values of non-tangible services which would improve the estimation of total value of ecosystem services in Kenya and Vietnam. To complement the national level analysis, we selected forest biomes to conduct a value transfer analysis. Forests provide ecosystem service benefits worth $25.78 billion for Kenya and $35.6 billion in Vietnam in 2022 USD. In comparison, the agricultural sector contributed $48.50 billion to Vietnam’s GDP and $24.10 billon to Kenya’s GDP in 2021. The per hectare values for ecosystem services are used in a value transfer analysis to estimate the total value of forest ecosystem services in Vietnam and Kenya. The average per hectare value of ecosystem services provided by forests in Kenya is $5, 718.50 ha−1 yr−1 estimated within a range spanning $1, 609.44 to $15, 606.62 ha−1 yr−1 , while Vietnam's forests demonstrate an average value of $3, 650.20 ha−1 yr−1 , with a range of $84.93 to $8, 978.16 ha−1 yr−1 . We project the loss of forests into 2050 and estimate the annual economic loss of ecosystem services at $48.08 million for Kenya and $76.29 million for Vietnam, respectively, if deforestation and forest degradation continue at the current rates. Our approach presents a comprehensive overview of diverse ecosystem services, equipping policymakers with a nuanced comprehension of ecosystems’ inherent value. By consolidating values from the literature into a national-level estimate, we provide compelling evidence at a broader scale for informed decision-making. Despite the well-known limitations of value transfer method and with caveats, the values presented in our paper can provide a guiding reference for incorporating these estimations into broader policymaking endeavors. |
| Keywords: | biodiversity; deforestation; ecosystem services; forests; policies; value theory; KENYA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; VIET NAM; VIETNAM; SOUTH EAST ASIA; ASIA |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2228&r=agr |
| By: | Svetlov, Nikolai (Светлов, Николай) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Ternovsky, Denis (Терновский, Денис) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Uzun, Vasily (Узун, Василий) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shagaida, Natalia (Шагайда, Наталья) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Potapova, Alexandra (Потапова, Александра) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration); Shishkina, Ekaterina (Шишкина, Екатерина) (The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration) |
| Abstract: | The current stage of regulation of the domestic market of agricultural products using foreign trade restrictions, associated with the growth of world food prices in 2020-2022 solves the problem of preventing the transfer of growth in world prices to domestic prices. The need to assess the impact of the regulatory tools used on the state of agricultural producers forms a hypothesis and determines the relevance of the study. Objective: to assess the impact of foreign trade instruments for regulating the agricultural market on the state of its producers. Object: producers of agricultural products. Subject: production, consumption, export and import of agricultural products. The study was carried out at the Center of Agro-Food Policy, RANEPA, 2022. Methods and data: data from Rosstat, Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, Federal Tax Service of Russia, Federal Customs Service of Russia, Bank of Russia, FAS USDA, CEPII. The data and regulatory documents used, links to which are placed in the text of the study, are relevant as of May 2022. Methods of economic and statistical analysis were used during the study. Results: assessment of the current regulation of the domestic market of agricultural goods and the prerequisites for the use of alternative instruments. Conclusions. The introduced export duty on grain crops performs a fiscal function and, in part, a regulatory function in terms of reducing domestic prices. The direct effect of the introduction of export customs duties is a multiple of the fiscal effect of the current tax system. There are disproportions in the distribution of the amount of collected duties - in regions with developed chains of vertical integration, the cost recovery rate per 1 ton is higher than in regions where the produced grain is fully sold on the market. The level of marketability of production has a significant impact on the amount of support. The transition to determining the amount of subsidies using the maximum level of co-financing of the expenditure obligation of the subject of the federation leads to a significant decrease in the funds received by manufacturers in regions with a high level of budgetary security. Research prospects. The analysis carried out serves as a basis for studying the effectiveness of domestic market regulation instruments, alternative to foreign trade restrictions. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, food markets, agri-food policy, tariff regulation, grain damper, subsidies |
| JEL: | Q11 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2022–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rnp:wpaper:w20220286&r=agr |
| By: | Janvier Mwisha-Kasiwa (Departement of Economics, University of Goma); Cédrick Kalemasi-Mosengo (Departement of Economics, University of Kinshasa); Oasis Kodila-Tedika (Departement of Economics, University of Kinshasa) |
| Abstract: | Using data from the DRC Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines the empirical linkages between access to agricultural land and nutritional outcomes by examining gender differences. Results suggest significant effects of access to agricultural land on nutritional outcomes in the full sample, in the male and female-headed households’ subsamples as well. However, gender differences are reported. Access to agricultural land appears to be a significant determinant of improved children dietary diversity among female-headed households (FHH), it is also associated with a significant increase in the children height-for-age z-score in the maleheaded households (MHH). Moreover, access to agricultural land positively affects the women’s likelihood of having a normal body mass index the male-headed households; and finally, the study finds that accesses to agricultural land is linked with a significant decrease in the risk of women anaemia among the female-headed households. Since then, we argue that access to agricultural land by MHHs may be beneficial for long-term nutrition indicators while it is more beneficial for short-term nutrition measures among FHHs. |
| Keywords: | Access to agricultural land, dietary diversity, nutrition status, gender, DRC |
| JEL: | C35 D13 I12 J16 Q12 Q15 |
| Date: | 2023–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aak:wpaper:23/017&r=agr |
| By: | Sivakumar, Marimuthu |
| Abstract: | India is a large developing country of 1.2 billion people, that is, nearly 17 percent of the world's population. A large proportion of this population continues to live in rural areas and depends heavily on agriculture and forestry for its livelihood which is needed the green healthy environment and climate. India's geography and climate are as varied as the country. The Himalayas mark the northern boundaries, the Thar Desert the Western, a 7500 km densely populated coastline along the peninsula, and a heavily monsoon-dependent economy, all make India vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Area of dry land would increase by 11 per cent in the coming years due to climate change. 1.8 billion People would live in countries with absolute water scarcity and the hardest hit would be the rain-fed agriculture which covers 96 per cent of all cultivated land in Sub-Sahara Africa, 87 per cent in South America and 61 per cent in Asia, and the climate variability would aggravate loss of land productivity. Recognising that climate change is global challenge, India is ¬actively engaging in multilateral negotiation in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, in a positive, constructive and forward- looking manner. In this perspective India launched a National Action Plan on Climate Change in 2008. |
| Keywords: | India- Climate Change- Action Plan- Green Economy- National Mission for Green India |
| JEL: | Q50 Q54 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–12–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119591&r=agr |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | The frequency and severity of extreme wildfires are on the rise in the United States, causing unprecedented disruption and increasingly challenging the country’s capacity to contain losses and damages. These challenges are set to keep growing in the context of climate change, highlighting the need to scale up wildfire prevention and climate change adaptation. This paper provides an overview of the United States’ wildfire policies and practices and assesses the extent to which wildfire management in the country is evolving to adapt to growing wildfire risk under climate change. |
| Keywords: | climate adaptation, climate change, prevention, wildfire |
| Date: | 2024–01–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envaac:40-en&r=agr |
| By: | Maamoun, Nada; Grünhagen, Caroline; Ward, Hauke; Kornek, Ulrike |
| Abstract: | Although climate change is expected to have a significant impact on the global population, little is known about how it will affect individual households in their daily lives. Based on food price increases caused by climate change, we analyse how climate-change-related damages distribute across households in over 75 developing countries. In a microsimulation model, climate damages are quantified as losses in consumer surplus, on average roughly 3 percent of total expenditure. We find evidence that climate damages are regressive, i.e. they disproportionately affect households with lower consumption. Damages display regressivity when we compare (a) national averages across countries, (b) all households in our sample, and (c) households within countries. However, there are some - often more developed - countries, where damages are progressive, i.e. damages disproportionately affect more affluent households in those countries. At a sectoral level, damages tend to be more regressive in countries where in relative terms rice consumption contributes more to the welfare of households. |
| Keywords: | Climate damages, Distributional impacts, Food prices, Regressivity |
| JEL: | Q54 D63 D31 |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:esprep:281165&r=agr |
| By: | Hamilton, Stephen; Kjorlien, Scott; Ligon, Ethan; Shafran, Aric |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2024–01–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt5m84n9bb&r=agr |
| By: | Habermann, Birgit; Nehring, Ryan; Zhang, Wei; Hettiarachchi, Upeksha; Leñero, Eva Marina-Valencia; Falk, Thomas; Rietveld, Anne M.; Woltering, Lennart; Kumar, Praveen; Wang, Xinxin; Zhou, Yunyi; Chen, Kevin Z.; Pham, Thuy Thu; Rodríguez, Luz à ngela; Venegas, Martha |
| Abstract: | Innovation spaces are often dominated by linear, top-down approaches, with the transfer of technology being seen as the solution to many problems rather than trying to understand which innovation processes people are engaging with themselves. In other words, barriers to progress are typically viewed as issues of technology adoption, not as part of the innovation process itself. This study contributes to changing the paradigm by proposing a living lab approach, which considers innovation as an adaptive process where stakeholders co-produce knowledge and collaborate based on inclusivity and empowerment. Our specific concept for this approach is called a Living Lab for People (LL4P). This conceptual paper outlines a framework to guide the development of a LL4P that remains flexible to be adapted for specific sites. While we seek to identify common denominators, we recognize the necessity for such a framework to remain open enough to be adaptable for varied contexts. Consequently, the framework draws on the living lab literature but tailors existing approaches for sustainable food system transformation and puts people (men, women, and marginalized groups among key food system actors) at the center of innovation processes with a clear intention to address power and social inequity. We draw on specific cases in China, Colombia, Kenya and Vietnam as learning grounds for formulating LL4Ps through locally led innovation processes. Based on our learnings and consultations, we define a LL4P as an inclusive and diverse space for people to advance their socio-technical innovation processes and associated modes of governance within a facilitated organizational structure. The principles of LL4Ps include co-production, gender equality and social inclusion, governance and institutional sustainability to advance existing and novel innovation processes. The practical experiences from applying this framework in the four case studies indicate alternative pathways for transforming the food system toward a sustainable and socially equitable trajectory through the establishment of a LL4P. |
| Keywords: | food systems; sustainability; innovation; governance; social inclusion; inclusion; CHINA; EAST ASIA; COLOMBIA; LATIN AMERICA; SOUTH AMERICA; KENYA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; VIET NAM; VIETNAM; SOUTH EAST ASIA; ASIA |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:2227&r=agr |
| By: | Kirui, Oliver; Siddig, Khalid; Ahmed, Mosab; Abushama, Hala; Seyoum, Taffesse |
| Keywords: | REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; conflicts; smallholders; displacement; agriculture; surveys; finance; planting date; inputs; weather |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ssspwp:17&r=agr |
| By: | Robinson, Kelly; Baker, Erin; Ewing, Elizabeth; Hemming, Victoria; Kenney, Melissa; Runge, Michael C |
| Abstract: | Decision analysis provides a robust framework for complex decisions related to environmental sustainability and conservation, including for energy and water, fisheries and wildlife management, agriculture, and climate change response. The complexities of these problems stem from their large scope and scale, which leads to multiple decision makers, stakeholders, rightsholders, and other entities with potentially competing objectives. These problems often are time limited (e.g., urgent action is required to prevent species’ extinction), involve management interventions over long time scales and delayed responses to management (deep uncertainty), and are impeded by limited resources (funding, capacity, etc.). In this Special Issue on “Decision Analysis to Advance Environmental Sustainability, ” we present five case studies of applications of decision analysis to complex problems in environmental sustainability and conservation. These case studies incorporate multiple objectives related to ecological and environmental sustainability, economic and social concerns, and logistics of implementation. They showcase a wide range of tools and applications to these problems. We also provide suggestions for new avenues of research and application of decision analysis to problems of environmental sustainability and conservation, including how to incorporate other decision-making tools into decision analysis processes, how to broaden the reach of decision analysis to other sustainability problems, how to incorporate more stakeholders and rightsholders into the decision process, the potential to incorporate new technology into these processes, identifying more creative alternatives, how to secure more funding, ways to move from decision to action, and how to move beyond status quo to make big transitions necessary to achieve sustainability. |
| Date: | 2023–12–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:qxcaj&r=agr |
| By: | Thiago Fonseca Morello Ramalho da Silva; Paula Carvalho Pereda; Ana Carolina M. Pessoa; Liana O. Anderson |
| Abstract: | Previous studies estimating the effect of the creation of protected areas (PAs) on forest conservation suffer from biases due to staggered protection and to unobservable drivers of protection’s effectiveness. We address these biases by using a cohort-time refined effect estimator in an event study with Amazon Basin data from 2003 to 2020. Which also unveils meaningful dynamic patterns that remained so far hidden in previous papers’ aggregate effects. Our findings show that PAs’ effects on deforestation and fires were at least halved by the aforementioned biases, being also deflated in 13% and inflated in 16%, respectively, by the failure to control for concomitant and synergistic anti-deforestation policies. We also found strong evidence of forward-looking behaviour by deforesters, with deforestation becoming larger inside protected land two years before protection. This suggests that local agents rush to deforest after learning that the likelihood of being sanctioned will rise with protection. A gradual increase of the effect with the ageing of PAs confirmed that enforcing protection is subject to learning. Also notably, effects were heterogeneous. Whereas both moderately and severely restricted PAs avoided fires, only severely restricted avoided deforestation. In addition, whereas neither national nor subnational conservation unit PAs have reduced deforestation, national units reduced fires but subnational increased them. Indigenous lands reduced deforestation and fires. Results urge policymakers to plan the creation of PAs not merely seeking to change the tenure of land but mainly to align expectations of deforesters to national conservation goals. |
| Keywords: | differences-in-differences; staggered treatment; event study; matching; protected areas; deforestation |
| JEL: | C21 Q58 |
| Date: | 2024–01–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:spa:wpaper:2024wpecon2&r=agr |
| By: | Paolo Crosetto; Laurent Muller; Bernard Ruffieux |
| Abstract: | We run an incentivized framed-field laboratory experiment to evaluate the interaction of labelling (Nutri-Score) and pricing policies (fat taxes and thin subsidies) on the food shopping of a sample of French consumers. Taxes and subsidies, designed to fit Nutri-Score, are differentiated according to their magnitude (large or small), and their salience (explicit or implicit). We exploit a Difference-in-Difference design, whereby subjects shop for real from a catalog of 290 products twice, first without any labelling nor pricing policy, and then a second time with one of five different combinations of labelling and pricing policies. We focus on the impact of different policy mixes on the aggregate nutritional quality and the total expenditure of the shopping. Results show that: i) when implemented alone, taxes and subsidies are less effective than labelling, especially when implicit and when small in magnitude; ii) with high taxes and subsidies, the policy mix is complementary to labelling, but strongly sub-additive; iii) with low taxes and subsidies, the policy mix is counter-effective and leads to lower impacts; iv) a cost-benefit analyses indicates that any pricing policy results in negligible gains for the consumer and large costs for the state. |
| Keywords: | Nutritional Policies, Labels, Price Policy, Laboratory Experiment, Nutri-Score |
| JEL: | C81 C91 D81 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gbl:wpaper:2024-01&r=agr |
| By: | Hanim Kamaruddin (Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Author-2-Name: Muhammad Nazrin Harith Bin Mohd Mahyudin Author-2-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Author-3-Name: Muhamad Sayuti Hassan Author-3-Workplace-Name: Faculty of Law, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - As we approach the halfway point since the adoption of the 2030 Sustainable Agenda and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), our progress in achieving the objectives remains unsatisfactory. One of which pertains to the sixth SDG that envisions access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene as the most fundamental requirement for human health and well-being Methodology - Per the 2022 SDG report, the global water stress level stayed at an acceptable 18.6% in 2019, but regional disparities exist. Unless progress quadruples, billions will lack access to potable drinking water and sanitation by 2030 due to rapid population increase, urbanization, and rising water demands from the agricultural and industrial sectors. As the effective management of wastewater plays a crucial role in ensuring sustained access to clean water, Malaysia has implemented a series of national policies, legislations, and institutional arrangements to achieve an integrated wastewater legislative and governance framework. Findings - It is critical that good practices for regulating wastewater treatment and management are analysed to address the gaps that exist that may hamper the promotion of effective and responsible wastewater management for sustainable water resources. This research is a review of Malaysia's existing wastewater governance and legislative framework. Novelty - It is found that Malaysia's history with wastewater has seen much development to its current status, which enables increased coverage of access to clean water and basic sanitation. Nevertheless, existing problems in the wastewater industry prevent further expansion into niche areas such as wastewater reclamation. Type of Paper - Review" |
| Keywords: | wastewater; legislative; sustainability; Malaysia; water security; wastewater management; wastewater reclamation. |
| JEL: | H1 Q25 |
| Date: | 2023–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:jber239&r=agr |
| By: | Biehler, Nadine; Knapp, Nadine; Koch, Anne |
| Abstract: | Climate change is leading to increasing displacement and migration, as well as involuntary immobility. The associated challenges and costs have long been neglected in the international climate negotiations. Until now, efforts to open up mobility choices for people negatively affected by climate change have been chronically underfunded. One important starting point for changing this is the explicit reference to human mobility in the new Loss and Damage Fund. However, financial resources and technical support alone are not enough. In order to meet the epochal challenge of climate change-induced human mobility ambitious migration policy solutions are needed, including planned relocation and the consideration of climate change impacts in the management of labour migration. |
| Keywords: | displacement, migration, climate change, International Climate Negotiations, COP 28, loss und damage, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:swpcom:281034&r=agr |
| By: | Adamopoulou, Effrosyni; Olivieri, Elisabetta; Triviza, Eleftheria |
| Abstract: | This study explores the long-run effects of a temporary scarcity of a consumption good on preferences towards that good once the shock is over. Specifically, we focus on individuals who were children during World War II and assess the consequences of the temporary drop in meat availability they experienced early in life. To this end, we combine new hand-collected historical data on the number of livestock at the local level with microdata on eating habits, health outcomes, and food consumption expenditures. By exploiting cohort and regional variation in a difference-in-differences estimation, we show that individuals who as children were more exposed to meat scarcity tend to consume relatively more meat and spend more on food during late adulthood. Consistent with medical studies on the side effects of meat overconsumption, we also find that these individuals have a higher probability of being obese, having poor self-perceived health, and developing cancer. The effects are larger for women and persist intergenerationally, as the adult children of mothers who experienced meat scarcity similarly tend to overconsume meat. Our results point towards a behavioral channel, where early-life shocks shape eating habits, food consumption, and adult health. |
| Keywords: | preferences, food consumption, early life experiences, gender differences |
| JEL: | D12 I10 N44 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:280927&r=agr |
| By: | De Petris, Caterina; Drechsler, Martin |
| Abstract: | Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are an incentive-based policy instrument encouraging landowners to adopt conservation practices that enhance ecosystem services in exchange for a compensation payment. PES schemes vary considerably in their design, yielding important implications for their conservation outcome and their cost-effectiveness. Given that a landowner’s probability of re-enrolling in a PES scheme is significantly influenced by social norms, this article explores whether the cost-effectiveness of PES schemes could be increased by leveraging on social norms. In particular, we explore whether designing dynamic PES schemes in which a homogenous PES payment is reduced in subsequent contracts would be more cost-effective than static schemes under the assumption that some landowners will enrol or re-enrol in the scheme encouraged by the behaviours of neighbouring landowners. We analyse whether, by initially setting a high payment so as to build a partially conserved landscape, it would be possible to leverage on social norms and reduce the PES payment without losing much conservation engagement. For this purpose, a conceptual agent-based simulation model entailing social norms and bounded rationality as well as other-regarding preferences has been developed. |
| Keywords: | Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES); agri-environment schemes (AES); social norms; bounded rationality; ecological-economic modelling; agent-based modelling (ABM) |
| JEL: | C6 Q57 Q58 |
| Date: | 2023–12–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119534&r=agr |
| By: | Ma. Cristina Q. Trinidad (Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, 1016, Manila, Philippines Author-2-Name: Ron Michael Balderama Author-2-Workplace-Name: "Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Sta. Mesa, 1016, Manila, Philippines " Author-3-Name: Author-3-Workplace-Name: Author-4-Name: Author-4-Workplace-Name: Author-5-Name: Author-5-Workplace-Name: Author-6-Name: Author-6-Workplace-Name: Author-7-Name: Author-7-Workplace-Name: Author-8-Name: Author-8-Workplace-Name:) |
| Abstract: | " Objective - Food is an integral part of humanity. However, eating remains one of the poor practices of college students. Students have yet to practice sustainable dining procedures that affect their health and well-being and the environment because of food waste. Thus, this study intended to identify the dining practices of college students and some of the factors affecting those practices. Whether the factors are directly related to the dining practices and the latter were related to sustainability. Methodology/Technique - A quantitative-descriptive-correlational research study that utilizes a survey questionnaire, which comprises the individual, physical, social, and macro-environmental factors affecting the dining practices of the students during the rise of the pandemic, was used in this empirical study. Data was collected from 396 college students who underwent statistical and Pearson correlation analysis. Finding - The findings showed a direct relationship between the dining practices of the respondents and the various factors. Students practiced several dining practices, specifically drinking 5-7 glasses of water, and sustainable dining practices, such as eating home-cooked meals and choosing eco-friendly packaging. Novelty - Research findings can be relevant as an instrument for future interventions that promote and support the adoption and promotion of sustainable campus dining practices programs. Type of Paper - Empirical" |
| Keywords: | Dining practices, eating, sustainable consumption, sustainable production, sustainable dining, sustainability, hospitality, COVID-19, Polytechnic University of the Philippines. |
| JEL: | H43 H44 |
| Date: | 2023–12–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gtr:gatrjs:gjbssr638&r=agr |
| By: | Qin, Botao; Shogren, Jason |
| Abstract: | Herein, we examine the optimal contract design when social norms have a disutility on landowners' participation in payment for environmental services programs. We find that a regulator can use less powerful monetary incentives to induce landowners to retire more land when the regulator appeals to social norms. Next, we consider the case when landowners determine the social norms of land retirement endogenously given that they live in small communities. We find that when there is asymmetric information about personal norms, the high-personal-norm type will retire more than the optimal amount of land and the low-personal-norm type will retire less than the optimal amount of land. We also explore when there is asymmetric information about landowners' sensitivities to social norms. We find that the optimal contract design depends on the relative magnitude of landowners' personal norms and the expected social norms. The results differ from the standard mechanism design literature. |
| Keywords: | Social norms, Mechanism design, Payment for environmental services, Asymmetric information |
| JEL: | D82 D91 Q57 |
| Date: | 2023–05–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:112878&r=agr |
| By: | Gilles Lafforgue (TSE-R - Toulouse School of Economics - UT Capitole - Université Toulouse Capitole - UT - Université de Toulouse - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Etienne Lorang (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres) |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the recycling opportunities of an industrial sector constrained by resource, climate, and waste capacities. To do this, we model the full lifecycle of a good to consider the waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions coming from both its production — from virgin or recycled materials — and consumption. We identify the optimal trajectories of resources use, mainly depending on the relative scarcity of the resources and on their emissions. Although recycling is usually, and correctly, noted as an opportunity to reduce the impact of consumption on primary resources and waste, we also consider the possible negative environmental consequences of recycling and we discuss the resulting arbitrations. We characterize the optimal recycling strategy and we show that, in some cases, the recycling rate through time is an inverted U-shape, and there can be a catch-up phase of consumption at the end of the social planner program. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our model by identifying and analyzing the set of optimal tax-subsidy schemes, and we highlight the existence of standard environmental externalities as well as a positive externality linked to the absence of a market for waste. |
| Keywords: | Recycling, Resource extraction, Waste, GHG emissions |
| Date: | 2022–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03542512&r=agr |
| By: | Mahdi Nohekhan; Mohammadmahdi Barzegar |
| Abstract: | Given the move towards industrialization in societies, the increase in dynamism and competition among companies to capture market share, raising concerns about the environment, government, and international regulations and obligations, increased consumer awareness, pressure from nature-loving groups, etc., organizations have become more attentive to issues related to environmental management. Over time, concepts such as green marketing have permeated marketing literature, making environmental considerations one of the most important activities of companies. To this end, this research examines the impact of green marketing strategy on brand awareness (case study: food exporting companies). The population of this research consists of 345 employees and managers of companies like Kalleh, Solico, Pemina, Sorbon, Mac, Pol, and Castle, from which 182 individuals were randomly selected as the sample using Cochran's formula. This research is practical, and the required data have been collected through a survey and a questionnaire. The research results indicate that (1) green marketing strategy significantly affects brand awareness. (2) Green products have a significant positive effect on brand awareness. (3) Green promotions have a significant positive effect on brand awareness. (4) Green distribution has a significant positive effect on brand awareness. (5) Green pricing has a significant positive effect on brand awareness. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.02042&r=agr |
| By: | Saleemi, Sundus; Bubune Letsa, Crystal; Owusu-Authur, Johnny; Mohammed, Abubakri; Baah-Tuahene, Sylvia; Yeboah, Marilyn; Omari, Rose |
| Abstract: | This paper provides insights into how variances in time spent by mothers in home production (i.e., domestic and care work) impact children’s diets. We test the hypothesis that a decrease in the time spent by mothers in home production negatively impacts children’s diets. Moreover, the paper considers whether substitute caregivers and improved water infrastructure can reduce these impacts. We use primary data from women traders in three markets in two regions in Ghana. Primary data collected from women traders includes women’s time use, the food consumed by children in the previous 24 hours, and the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the traders’ households. To overcome the empirical challenge in estimating the relationship, we focus on the differences in the time spent by women traders in home production due to the differing demands on their time on “market” and “non-market” days. Market days are specified days for markets in a given geographic location. Market days are characterized by heightened trading activity, with more buyers and more competition. A comparison of the diets of traders’ children on market and non-market days allows for the attribution of effects to changes in the time spent by their mothers in home production while keeping other factors constant. The results suggest that children of women traders are significantly less likely to have achieved Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF) and Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD) on market days compared to non-market days. This is accompanied by fewer hours spent by women in home production on market days. However, the paper also finds evidence that in certain scenarios the negative effect of demands on women traders’ time on children’s diets can be mitigated by substitute caregivers and the availability of water infrastructure. |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2024–01–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:339268&r=agr |
| By: | Craig Johnston; Geneviève Vallée; Hossein Hosseini Jebeli; Brett Lindsay; Miguel Molico; Marie-Christine Tremblay; Aidan Witts |
| Abstract: | We assess the potential financial risks of current and projected flooding caused by extreme weather events in Canada. We focus on the residential real estate secured lending (RESL) portfolios of Canadian financial institutions (FIs) because RESL portfolios are an important component of FIs’ balance sheets and because the assets used to secure such loans are immobile and susceptible to climate-related extreme weather events. We build a loan-level dataset from the residential RESL portfolios of some federally and provincially regulated FIs. We use current and projected flood events under different climate scenarios to apply shocks to these portfolios. We then control for private flood insurance using data from a variety of property and casualty insurers based in Canada. We find that the direct damages of flooding have modest impacts on the FIs’ loss given default on their residential RESL portfolios. This is partly due to rising homeowner equity and the recent rapid increase in house prices across Canada. Nevertheless, some risk channels have emerged. Notably, the combined influence of high household leverage and lending in flood zones can exacerbate the risk that lenders face from extreme weather events. Our analysis also shows that other disaster-related risk channels may increase risk to lenders. These channels include climate change, price adjustment of the salvage value and time to settlement. However, this analysis has several limitations. Specifically, the lack of granular flood data may have led to an underestimation and smoothing of financial risks across households. As a result, the analysis potentially smoothed what could be more acute shocks to specific properties. |
| Keywords: | Climate change; Central bank research; Credit risk management; Econometric and statistical methods; Financial institutions; Financial stability |
| JEL: | C81 G21 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bca:bocadp:23-33&r=agr |
| By: | Shujaat Farooq (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics); Durr-e-Nayab (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics); Saddam Hussein (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics); Nabila Kunwal (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics) |
| Abstract: | The human dependence on forests is as old as the beginning of times. Thus, the conservation of forests is important, both for the existence of human beings and the protection of renewable natural resources. The forest ecosystems play a significant but often unrecognized role at multiple scales of human organization. At the mirco-level, this extends from households to community. On the macro level, it encompasses overall human well-being inhabiting the Earth’s biosphere. |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pid:rrepot:2023:13&r=agr |