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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2024‒01‒29
23 papers chosen by |
| By: | Michele Schiavo (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Chantal Le Mouël (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Rennes Angers - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Xavier Poux (ASCA - Partenaires IRSTEA - IRSTEA - Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture, IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris); Pierre-Marie Aubert (IDDRI - Institut du Développement Durable et des Relations Internationales - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris) |
| Abstract: | The need for an agroecological transition is regularly advocated by many actors and policymakers on the European scene, but many questions arise regarding the potential consequences that this transition may have on the rest of the world. Using a world biomass balance model, in this paper we show that a deep agroecological transition in the EU, if accompanied by a shift of EU food regimes towards more plant-based diets, is not detrimental to global food security. Without increasing its cropland areas, the EU can maintain the same level of exported calories as in a business-as-usual scenario while reducing its import needs. This result holds true also in an alternative scenario in which the other world regions adopt agroecological production methods and healthier diets. In contrast, an agricultural transition taking place in the EU without a change of EU food regimes, would drastically increase EU food dependence on global markets and contribute to the expansion of agricultural land in the rest of the world. |
| Keywords: | Agroecology, Agricultural transition, DIETS, Modelling, Organic agriculture, TYFA |
| Date: | 2023–08–24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04348979&r=agr |
| By: | Jithitikulchai, Theepakorn |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of temperature and precipitation on the economic value of agricultural output from farm households in six Sub-Saharan African countries: Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda. Using a repeated cross-sectional dataset covering the period from 2008 to 2016, this study explores how the adverse effects of climate change vary among different levels of agricultural diversification. The findings reveal that a one-degree temperature increase negatively impacts the value of agricultural output. Nevertheless, households engaged in diversified production activities exhibit better adaptation to higher temperatures, leading to attenuated effects of climate change. Therefore, this study highlights the critical importance of diversification as a strategy to enhance the resilience of farm households in Sub-Saharan Africa. |
| Keywords: | agricultural diversification, agricultural households, climate change, climate resilience, sustainable agriculture |
| JEL: | Q1 Q12 Q18 Q54 |
| Date: | 2023–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119401&r=agr |
| By: | Ashish Ashish Ashok Uikey (Symbiosis International University) |
| Abstract: | India's agriculture industry is crucial to the overall growth of the country's economy. As a consequence of this, boosting the output of agriculture is strongly encouraged. In order for the marketing infrastructure to keep up with rising agricultural output, it will need to undergo development. For this reason, a robust agricultural marketing system is of the utmost significance for a nation that relies so heavily on farming as the primary economic activity. At the current time, the agricultural industry is confronted with a substantial number of dangers and obstacles. Farmers suffer from extreme poverty and have significant amounts of debt. As a consequence of this, the number of farmers who take their own lives is quickly increasing. Over the course of the last several years, the percentage of GDP that is contributed by agriculture has been continuously decreasing. Changes are being made in the composition of the agricultural labour force. There is a rising lack of labour due to the fact that individuals are departing from the agricultural sector and moving into the construction, textile, and other unorganized sectors. The over-application of fertilizer and pesticides is another factor that reduces production. Agricultural marketing is comprised of a number of different procedures and activities that work together to ensure that food and raw materials make it from the land of production to the end users. Not only are there local markets for the products of agriculture, but there are also international and industrial markets. The most effective method of marketing is one that allows the farmer to make a satisfactory quantity of profit from their labour. In this study, the researcher has used both primary and secondary sources for gathering the data, also respondents are chosen based on the convenience sampling method. From the overall analysis it, is noted that the application of agriculture marketing enables in enhancing the income of the individuals, effectively supports in increasing the GDP and creating employment. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Marketing, Sustainable Development, Agribusiness Management, Indian Agribusiness, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2023–02–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04346256&r=agr |
| By: | Greehy, P.; Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah; Nortje, Karen |
| Abstract: | Building on the Reclaim Sustainability! (RS!) programme’s baseline studies and the Gender and Social Inclusion (GESI) Reports, and in partnership with CGIAR Initiative on Diversification in East and Southern Africa (Ukama Ustawi) through International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Solidaridad facilitated commodity specific voice amplification dialogues in Zambia focused on cotton and fruits and vegetables farmers. These GESI engagements were designed to form the basis for future programs around voice amplification, gender and social inclusion across agri-business value chains, policy, advocacy, and innovation acceleration The commodity specific dialogues used a co-design approach in order to construct end-user archetypes of typical audiences for program engagement. Over a two week period between November and December 2022, Solidaridad’s commodity teams, supported by the Network’s Gender Expert, visited cotton and fruits and vegetable farmers across Zambia in the following districts: Lusaka, Chongwe, Mazabuka, Chibombo, Kabwe, Mumbwa, Choma , Magoyi, Nyimba , Petauke and Katete. In groups of not more than 15 per community, the team engaged in dialogue with women (60), youth (3) and men (30) farmers, commodity relevant key informants, individuals in influential spaces and interest groups across the Cotton and Fruits and Vegetables value chains. This included government officials, market players such as Freshmark (Shoprite), Good nature Agro, Agricultural input aggregators, industry union representatives, policy makers, district agricultural officers, and most importantly, women smallholder farmers. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Agricultural Finance, Marketing, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2023–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:339148&r=agr |
| By: | Marios Vasileiou (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Leonidas Sotirios Kyrgiakos (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Christina Kleisiari (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Georgios Kleftodimos (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR MoISA - Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); George Vlontzos (Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment [Volos] - UTH - University of Thessaly [Volos]); Hatem Belhouchette (CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, UMR ABSys - Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement); Panos M. Pardalos (UF - University of Florida [Gainesville]) |
| Abstract: | Highlights: • AI in weed management potentials for transforming agricultural ecosystems. • AI influence in economic, social, technological, and environmental dimensions. • AI's role in enhancing food safety by reducing pesticides residues. • Digital literacy as a crucial enabler empowering stakeholders to use AI effectively. Abstract: In the face of increasing agricultural demands and environmental concerns, the effective management of weeds presents a pressing challenge in modern agriculture. Weeds not only compete with crops for resources but also pose threats to food safety and agricultural sustainability through the indiscriminate use of herbicides, which can lead to environmental contamination and herbicide-resistant weed populations. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ushered in a paradigm shift in agriculture, particularly in the domain of weed management. AI's utilization in this domain extends beyond mere innovation, offering precise and eco-friendly solutions for the identification and control of weeds, thereby addressing critical agricultural challenges. This article aims to examine the application of AI in weed management in the context of weed detection and the increasing impact of deep learning techniques in the agricultural sector. Through an assessment of research articles, this study identifies critical factors influencing the adoption and implementation of AI in weed management. These criteria encompass factors of AI adoption (food safety, increased effectiveness, and eco-friendliness through herbicides reduction), AI implementation factors (capture technology, training datasets, AI models, and outcomes and accuracy), ancillary technologies (IoT, UAV, field robots, and herbicides), and the related impact of AI methods adoption (economic, social, technological, and environmental). Of the 5821 documents found, 99 full-text articles were assessed, and 68 were included in this study. The review highlights AI's role in enhancing food safety by reducing herbicide residues, increasing effectiveness in weed control strategies, and promoting eco-friendliness through judicious herbicide use. It underscores the importance of capture technology, training datasets, AI models, and accuracy metrics in AI implementation, emphasizing their synergy in revolutionizing weed management practices. Ancillary technologies, such as IoT, UAVs, field robots, and AI-enhanced herbicides, complement AI's capabilities, offering holistic and data-driven approaches to weed control. Additionally, the adoption of AI methods influences economic, social, technological, and environmental dimensions of agriculture. Last but not least, digital literacy emerges as a crucial enabler, empowering stakeholders to navigate AI technologies effectively and contribute to the sustainable transformation of weed management practices in agriculture. |
| Keywords: | Weed management, Artificial intelligence, Deep learning, Precision agriculture, Agroecology, Sustainability |
| Date: | 2024–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04297703&r=agr |
| By: | Emilie Lavie (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, LAM - Les Afriques dans le monde - IEP Bordeaux - Sciences Po Bordeaux - Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Bordeaux - UBM - Université Bordeaux Montaigne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pepita Ould Ahmed (CESSMA UMRD 245 - Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales - UPCité - Université Paris Cité); Philippe Cadène (CESSMA UMRD 245 - Centre d'études en sciences sociales sur les mondes africains, américains et asiatiques - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - Inalco - Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales - UPCité - Université Paris Cité); Ismail Chiab (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax); Vassili Kypreos (UMR ART-Dev - Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - UPVM - Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UM - Université de Montpellier, PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115) - Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AgroParisTech - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UPCité - Université Paris Cité) |
| Abstract: | Research on agricultural development models shows that local applications of global models are adapted both to the globalisation of agricultural markets and to climate change. The circulation of such models is also linked to local political and historical contexts. However, few studies have focused on abrupt changes in economic policies, such as those following the Arab Spring. We propose to study the evolution of olive-growing development policies in post-revolutionary Tunisia. In order to mitigate both market- and climate-induced vulnerabilities and to make the sector more competitive with major olive producers, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines recommend intensification of Tunisian olive farming through irrigation. Our research makes two main claims: (1) the change in the production model towards irrigation aims to respond to globalisation, climate change and national policies. (2) Some exporters are involved at several levels of the value chain. This research conducted by geographers and economists analyses the mutations of the olive sector towards irrigation, using a double theoretical framework on the circulation of agricultural development models, with a political-ecology approach. This paper contributes to a growing body of research on the relationship between commodity production networks and water studies. |
| Keywords: | Global Change, Agriculture, Olive oil, Tunisia |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04222673&r=agr |
| By: | Leah Costlow; Anna Herforth; Timothy B. Sulser; Nicola Cenacchi; William A. Masters |
| Abstract: | Most of the world still lacks access to sufficient quantities of all food groups needed for an active and healthy life. This study traces historical and projected changes in global food systems toward alignment with the new Healthy Diet Basket (HDB) used by UN agencies and the World Bank to monitor the cost and affordability of healthy diets worldwide. We use HDB as a standard to measure adequacy of national, regional and global supply-demand balances, finding substantial but inconsistent progress toward closer alignment with dietary guidelines, with large global shortfalls in fruits, vegetables, and legumes, nuts, and seeds, and large disparities among regions in use of animal source foods. Projections show that additional investments in the supply of agricultural products would modestly accelerate improvements in adequacy where shortfalls are greatest, revealing the need for complementary investments to increase purchasing power and demand for under-consumed food groups especially in low-income countries. |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2401.01080&r=agr |
| By: | Apondi, M.; Enokenwa Baa, Ojongetakah; Nortje, Karen |
| Abstract: | This report aims to explore the intersection of gender and social inclusion, with a focus on the challenges and opportunities faced by women and youth in the agribusiness sector. It examines the ways in which gender norms and stereotypes shape social inclusion, and how exclusionary practices can perpetuate gender-based inequalities. The report draws on the gender analysis studies, baseline surveys and positive case study examples from diverse settings to highlight the key issues and strategies for promoting Gender and Social Inclusion (GESI) in the agribusiness sector. It also offers recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and civil society actors to enhance gender-responsive approaches to social inclusion, and to ensure that marginalized groups are included in decision-making processes and benefit from development interventions and underscores the importance of addressing gender-based discrimination and promoting social inclusion as a means of advancing human rights and achieving sustainable development. These include measures such as inclusive disruptive innovation, equal involvement in policy making processes, inclusive market and production systems and representation in decision making. The report emphasizes that promoting GESI is not only a matter of social justice, but also essential for achieving sustainable development goals and building more resilient societies. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2023–12–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:339147&r=agr |
| By: | Philippe Delacote (BETA - Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée - AgroParisTech - UNISTRA - Université de Strasbourg - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) - Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar - UL - Université de Lorraine - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEC - Chaire Economie du Climat - Université Paris Dauphine-PSL - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres); Gwenolé Le Velly (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Gabriela Simonet (Independent Researcher) |
| Abstract: | Since the establishment of REDD+, hundreds of projects have emerged around the globe. Much attention has been given to REDD+ projects in the literature, but the conditions under which they are likely to be effective are still not well known. In particular, the location bias concept states that projects are more likely to be implemented in remote areas, where development pressure is low, hence questioning the additionality of these projects. In this article, we examine this concept, assessing how the status of REDD+ project proponents and the project certification influence the choice of location and the project's additionality. Using a sample of six REDD+ projects in Brazil, we show that these two dimensions can impact location choice toward areas with higher or lower opportunity costs and that this choice can impact additionality. We also show that the selection of an area with low opportunity costs, which is frequently presented as a location bias, does not necessarily preclude additionality. |
| Keywords: | Additionality, Conservation policy, Deforestation, Impact evaluation, REDD+, Spatial analysis |
| Date: | 2022–02–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03467584&r=agr |
| By: | Shapiro, Joseph S |
| Abstract: | The quality and inequality of US drinking water investments have gained attention after recent environmental disasters in Flint, Michigan, and elsewhere. We compare the formula-based targeting of subsidized loans provided under the Safe Drinking Water Act with the targeting of congressional drinking water earmarks (``pork barrel'' spending). Earmarks are often critiqued for potentially privileging wealthier and more politically connected communities. We find that earmarks target Black, Hispanic, and low-income communities, partly due to targeting water systems serving large populations. Earmark and loan targeting differ significantly across all the demographics we analyze. Compared to Safe Drinking Water Act loans, earmarks disproportionately target Hispanic communities but not Black or low-income communities. |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences, Earmarks, drinking water, inequality, targeting |
| Date: | 2024–01–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt7w68132r&r=agr |
| By: | Susan Das (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Renuka Sane (TrustBridge Rule of Law Foundation); Ajay Shah (xKDR Forum) |
| Abstract: | Shifting agriculture away from the grid may help address fiscal challenges faced by the Tamil Nadu state government. The paper presents a cost-benefit analysis of implementing solarised irrigation pumps in Erode district, Tamil Nadu. The analysis is based on underlying assumptions on climatic conditions, cropping patterns and irrigation requirements in the district. The results suggest that the state and discom can benefit from the solarisation of agriculture if they can sell surplus power to commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers or in the power exchange market. The paper also performs cost-benefit analysis with the assumption of reduction in solar panel costs in future and finds that the discom would continue to gain net positive benefits. The paper also recommends formalising higher feed-in tariffs, supporting capital cost through subsidies, and exploring alternative procurement approaches. |
| JEL: | Q H2 H53 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anf:wpaper:30&r=agr |
| By: | Salisu, Sulaiman; Salisu, Afees |
| Abstract: | Climate change has had a significant impact on the world, and many efforts have been made to mitigate its risks. This study aims to create a new index that measures the uncertainty surrounding migration due to climate change. To do this, the study uses a variety of international newspapers with a global readership. Although climate change has increasingly spurred migration decisions in vulnerable areas, there is still a lack of quantitative research that explores this link. This is the contribution of our study. The evidence from the index shows an upward trend in climate-induced migration decisions, especially in the last two decades, which supports the motivation behind the study. Our index has several practical applications that can be useful for future research agendas. |
| Keywords: | News; Climate change; International migration; Uncertainty |
| JEL: | C15 |
| Date: | 2023–12–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:119524&r=agr |
| By: | Jessica K. Wallingford; William A. Masters |
| Abstract: | The least-cost diet problem introduces students to optimization and linear programming, using the health consequences of food choice. We provide a graphical example, Excel workbook and Word template using actual data on item prices, food composition and nutrient requirements for a brief exercise in which students guess at and then solve for nutrient adequacy at lowest cost, before comparing modeled diets to actual consumption which has varying degrees of nutrient adequacy. The graphical example is a 'three sisters' diet of corn, beans and squash, and the full multidimensional model is compared to current food consumption in Ethiopia. This updated Stigler diet shows how cost minimization relates to utility maximization, and links to ongoing research and policy debates about the affordability of healthy diets worldwide. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.11767&r=agr |
| By: | Taron, Avinandan; Majumder, A.; Bodach, Susanne; Agbefu, Dzifa |
| Abstract: | Processing biomass from different waste streams into marketable products such as organic fertilizer and bio-energy is increasingly realized through public-private partnerships (PPPs). In developing countries, the private sector can be expected to contribute technical skills, organizational capabilities and marketing expertise, and leverage capital inflow. In contrast, the public sector will provide the regulatory framework and help its enforcement, plan public investment, involve and educate stakeholders, and ensure waste supply. This report reviews case studies that implemented PPPs in resource recovery and reuse (RRR) from waste streams with a particular focus on Asia and Africa, including those PPPs facilitated by the authors. Critical factors behind the success and failure of these cases are analyzed. The review indicates three key barriers to success: (i) waste-related bottlenecks, (ii) limited awareness about RRR products and their market(ing), and (iii) lack of proper institutional frameworks. Common shortfalls concern failure to meet commitments related to the quality and quantity of waste, missing understanding of the reuse market, etc. The report points out mitigation measures addressing possible challenges around appropriate technologies, finance and revenue streams, legal issues, as well as social and environmental concerns. It is required to establish close monitoring, appropriate procurement mechanisms and due diligence during the project preparation and pre-bid. If possible, such a PPP project should consider risk and commercial viability assessment as well as financial strategy planning (scaling). Successful involvement of the private sector in the RRR market is critical to close the resource loop and safeguard human and environmental health, which is the overarching objective of sustainable waste management. |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, Marketing, Productivity Analysis, Public Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2023–08–22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:339137&r=agr |
| By: | Shahe Emran, M.; Ferreira, Francisco; Jiang, Yajing; Sun, Yan |
| Abstract: | We extend the Becker-Tomes model to a rural economy with farm-nonfarm occupational dualism to study intergenerational educational mobility in rural China and India. Using data free of coresidency bias, we find that fathers’ nonfarm occupation and education were complementary in determining sons schooling in India, but separable in China. Sons faced lower mobility in India irrespective of fathers’ occupation. Sensitivity analysis using the Altonji et al. (J. Polit. Econ. 113(1), 151–84, 2005) approach suggests that genetic correlations alone could explain the intergenerational persistence in China, but not in India. Farm-nonfarm differences in returns to education, and geographic mobility are plausible mechanisms behind the contrasting cross-country evidence. |
| Keywords: | China; complementarity; coresidency bias; educational mobility; farm-nonfarm; India; occupational dualism; rural economy; This project was partially funded by World Bank RSB.; Springer deal |
| JEL: | J1 |
| Date: | 2023–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:120699&r=agr |
| By: | Rashid, Redowan |
| Abstract: | This article examines the moral aspects of greenhouse gas emissions, climate change, and the developing field of greenhouse gas removal (GGR). This text highlights the importance of urgently tackling climate change in accordance with ethical standards. It explores the ethical dilemmas presented by global warming, with a particular focus on the unequal impact it has on disadvantaged communities. The statement delineates six fundamental ethical principles, drawing upon UNESCO's guidelines on climate change. These principles encompass the avoidance of harm, the adoption of a precautionary approach, the promotion of equality and justice, the pursuit of sustainable development, the fostering of solidarity, and the incorporation of scientific information in decision-making. The study addresses three primary ethical dilemmas associated with greenhouse gas emissions, specifically emphasizing the need for international collaboration, the long-term consequences for future generations, and the insufficiency of existing theoretical frameworks. Furthermore, it examines the connection between greenhouse gas emissions and social justice, highlighting the importance of considering fairness and equality in climate action. The concluding segment scrutinizes the ethical dilemmas of GGR, emphasizing the societal, moral, and governmental apprehensions linked to these nascent technologies. |
| Date: | 2023–12–23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:szh8q&r=agr |
| By: | Inphonephong, Souphalack; Kotchofa, Pacem; Phounvisouk, L. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iwmirp:339150&r=agr |
| By: | Jean Le Fur (UMR CBGP - Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - IRD [France-Sud] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - Institut Agro Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - UM - Université de Montpellier); Moussa Sall (UGB - Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal, BIOPASS, ISRA-UCAD - IRD [France-Ouest] - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement); Jean-Marie Dembele (UFR SAT - Université Gaston Berger - UFR Sciences Appliquées et de Technologies [Sénégal] - UGB - Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal) |
| Abstract: | Following the contemporary epidemiologic approach known as EcoHealth, the study of an epidemic risk must consider and integrate the whole set of actors, factors and environments bound to the transmission of infectious diseases. In this study, we propose using a mechanistically rich digital twin simulator as a tool to facilitate this integration with the addition of a functional and dynamic dimension. The selected case study is the monitoring of the risk associated with ticks and rodents in a rural community in the Sahelian region of Senegal. To construct the digital twin, we iteratively went back and forth between field data collection and computer transcription of knowledge. Thanks to the high resolution afforded by the digital twin approach, the simulator enables the study of city-scale activity patterns as well as interactions between ticks, rodents, cats, and humans that occur within habitation rooms and shops. In addition to (i) being able to provide dynamic integrated support for the collected multidisciplinary knowledge, the digital twin realism provides (ii) an appropriate medium for communicating results to non-expert populations and (iii) a useful tool for monitoring and adjusting the observatory's data collection protocols. The model's complexity presents calibration challenges that are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Digital Twin, Epidemic Risk, Agent-Based Model, Data Driven Approach, EcoHealth Approach, Synthetic Ecology, Complex System |
| Date: | 2023–07–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04356962&r=agr |
| By: | Serdar Yurek |
| Abstract: | In this study, we show the relationship between households’ income and the relative prices of private label products (relative to the prices of national brand products), known as lower quality and cheaper alternatives to national brands. By employing retail-product level micro price data from nine different supermarket chains in Türkiye, we exploit the sudden and unexpected income losses caused by Covid-19 measures within a difference in differences setting. Our results show that when households experience income shocks, the relative prices of private label products increase significantly. Therefore, our results indicate that the relative prices of lower quality products are significantly affected by households’ income. |
| Keywords: | Difference-in-Differences, Private label products, Supermarket prices, Covid-19, Lower quality products |
| JEL: | C21 D22 E21 E31 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:2309&r=agr |
| By: | Erfan Mohammadi; MohammadMahdi Barzegar; Mahdi Nohekhan |
| Abstract: | The idea that marketing, in addition to profitability and sales, should also consider the consumer's health is not and has not been a far-fetched concept. It can be stated that there is no longer a way back to producing environmentally harmful products, and gradually, governmental pressures, competition, and changing customer attitudes are obliging companies to adopt and implement a green marketing approach. Over time, concepts such as green marketing have penetrated marketing literature, making environmental considerations one of the most important activities of companies. For this purpose, this research examines the effects of green marketing strategy on brand loyalty (case study: food exporting companies). The population of this study consists of 345 employees and managers of companies like Kalleh, Solico, Pemina, Sorben, Mac, Pol, and Casel, out of which 182 were randomly selected as a sample using Cochran's formula. This research is practical; the required data were collected through a survey and questionnaire. The research results indicate that (1) green marketing strategy significantly affects brand loyalty. (2) Green products have a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. (3) Green promotion has a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. (4) Green distribution has a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. (5) Green pricing has a significant positive effect on brand loyalty. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.16698&r=agr |
| By: | Kim, Ki-Dong; Shim, Gyuhun; Choi, Hyun-Im; Kim, Dong-Hyun |
| Abstract: | This study provides novel insights into the policy effects of timber legality verification methods, specifically Due-diligence (under the European Union Timber Regulation (EUTR)) and Due-care (under the Lacey Act), on coniferous and non-coniferous lumber trade, highlighting their significance in the context of global lumber trade. Timber legality verification plays a pivotal role in the global timber trade. We comprehensively assess the impact of verification methods on coniferous and non-coniferous lumber trade, utilizing two decades of trade data (1997–2017) across approximately 160 countries. We employ the difference-in-differences method based on the gravity model of international trade, utilizing robust export–import data and demographic profiles. Our findings demonstrate that the effect of EUTR on coniferous lumber imports ranged between −0.32% and −0.05%, and that on non-coniferous lumber imports ranged between −0.44% and −0.05%, whereas the effect of the Lacey Act on coniferous lumber imports ranged between −0.93% and −0.09%. Non-coniferous lumber imports remained unaffected. The Voluntary Partnership Agreement (VPA) led to decreased exports to the EU and US. Our findings hold two key implications. First, Due-diligence exhibits more consistent policy effects than Due-care. Second, supporting VPA-participating countries is crucial for facilitating timber trade. These insights inform timber trade policies and sustainable practices. |
| Keywords: | timber legality requirement system; lumber trad; VPA; gravity model; difference-in-difference |
| JEL: | R14 J01 |
| Date: | 2023–11–13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:121106&r=agr |
| By: | Darlington Agbonifi (Department of Economics (University of Verona)) |
| Abstract: | This paper presents an integrated methodology to simultaneously estimate the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of public-financed investments in green projects on the labor markets, value-added, and households induced consumption expenditures in a multiregional economy in equilibrium. I construct a novel dataset and implement an environmentally integrated multiregional social accounting matrix (EI-MRSAM) modelling technique on the regional macroeconomic investment analyses for Italy. Results show that Lombardy’s intra-regional investment impact on value-added (GDP) share accounts for almost 78%, while 22% accrues to the rest of Italy in terms of interregional value-added spillover effects through trade channels. The public investments impact on the regional and national economy decreases by around 10% of value-added after internalizing the environmental costs of climate change damages induced by industrial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. I then conduct a counterfactual ex-ante macro-policy evaluation of an endogenous increase by 25% of the baseline investments to each of thematic missions which represents the key areas of the public policy interventions. I find that the return-on-investment in digital and innovative public-administration as most efficient in terms of potential regional value-added growth compared to other counterfactual outcomes. The impact on consumption expenditures and induced GHG emissions are also consistent with those of value-added. |
| Keywords: | EI-MRSAM model, investments in green projects, value-added GDP, climate change, GHG emissions, environmental valuation, digital transformation |
| JEL: | C67 D57 F18 H54 Q56 R12 |
| Date: | 2024–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ver:wpaper:02/2024&r=agr |
| By: | Pinzón, Natalia; Koundinya, Vikram; Galt, Ryan; Dowling, William; Boukloh, Marcela; Taku-Forchu, Namah C.; Schohr, Tracy; Roche, Leslie; Ikendi, Samuel; Cooper, Mark H. |
| Abstract: | The proliferation of AI-powered bots and sophisticated fraudsters significantly threatens the integrity of online surveys, leading to a substantial decline in usable responses from 75% to 10% in recent years. This study evaluates the efficacy of 31 fraud indicators using two agriculture surveys in California. Our comparative analysis, which integrated multiple methodological innovations, revealed that no single indicator is independently effective. However, best indicators included a novel email address score, MinFraud Risk Score, consecutive submissions, opting-out of incentives, improbable location, and survey start time. Our findings underscore evolving tactics of fraudsters, demonstrating their increased proficiency in responding to matching, domain knowledge, and open-ended questions. Higher monetary incentives attract sophisticated fraudsters capable of mimicking genuine open-ended responses and verifying information provided months prior, showcasing a significant advancement in the capabilities of survey fraud groups. We conclude with recommendations for developing adaptable fraud detection strategies to safeguard survey integrity. |
| Date: | 2023–12–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:95tka&r=agr |