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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2023‒12‒04
twenty-six papers chosen by |
| By: | Pragati Anand (MNNIT Allahabad - Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad); Dilawar Husain (Maulana Mukhtar Ahmad Nadvi Technical Campus); Ravi Prakash (MNNIT Allahabad - Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad) |
| Abstract: | India is one of the largest countries in the world, with a population mainly living in villages and primarily engaged in dairy activities along with agriculture. Despite being the largest milk-producing nation, lives of local farmers are challenging due to the lack of access to technology in rural areas. This study aims to develop an integrated system that can solve the problems faced by farmers by utilizing locally available resources. Due to the time lag between milking and storage, milk spoilage is more likely to occur in remote areas. Immediate pasteurization and storage facilities are required. Heating and refrigeration are essential for pasteurization. In India, most villages face power shortages, so biomass heat is suitable for pasteurizing milk. A steam jet refrigeration system is also proposed as it runs with waste biomass for chilling milk. Steam required for both heating and chilling milk is generated in the same biomass-fired boiler. Also, make-up water requirements in the boiler are fulfilled using a rainwater harvesting system. In a conventional dairy plant, a cooling tower is used to supply condensate water required in the condenser. Here this water requirement is fulfilled using a bore well. Subsequently, this water is stored in the irrigation pond to cool it by natural cooling through surface evaporation, making the water suitable for irrigation purposes. Also, the payback period of this system is estimated to be less than six months. Looking at the multiple benefits, this integrated system will further facilitate in achieving sustainable development goals through rural development by 2030. |
| Keywords: | rural development, milk pasteurization, carbon neutral, water purification |
| Date: | 2022–09–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04242883&r=agr |
| By: | Alan Wm. Wolff (Peterson Institute for International Economics); Joseph W. Glauber (International Food Policy Research Institute) (International Food Policy Research Institute) |
| Abstract: | Russia's invasion of Ukraine, a major supplier of grain to the Middle East and Africa, has triggered deep concerns over access to affordable food across the globe. The alarming rise in food insecurity across the world due to conflicts makes it increasingly urgent to set ground rules for sharing food in global markets and getting food to places most in need to avoid starvation and famine. The most glaring and relevant gap in the rules of the world trading system pertains to sharing food in times of scarcity. The authors recommend using the World Trade Organization's (WTO) long-standing accords on agriculture as a basis to provide guidelines for supplying food to global markets, especially areas in need. The most obvious shortcoming in the rules is that WTO members are largely free to restrict exports of food. The WTO rules need to be updated to take into account climate change, extreme weather, military conflicts, pandemics, and other factors that interfere with food production. The WTO can specify factors that an exporting country must take into account when imposing an export restriction on food, and it can require consultations to deal with severe disruptions in world food trade. It can also serve to mediate the interests of food exporters and importers in enhancing food security. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iie:pbrief:pb23-15&r=agr |
| By: | Marie Rose Randriamarolo-Malavaux (UniLaSalle, INTERACT - Innovation, Territoire, Agriculture et Agro-industrie, Connaissance et Technologie - UniLaSalle) |
| Abstract: | In a context of increased milk price volatility and dairy farm modernization, our study aims to shed light on whether the costs associated with the financial investments made when acquiring technologies and their maintenance costs exacerbate the damage suffered when the price becomes volatile, or whether the expected productivity gains actually help to cope with this market hazard. To do this, we distinguish three farm categories according to three separate variables that approximate the level of technological tools used. Then, we estimate the variation in the level of viability of each group when price volatility changes. We apply fixed effect ordered logistic regression on data gathered from the French farm accountancy data network from 2002 to 2020. Sample is divided into three categories according to their levels of intensification and use of technological tools. We estimated separately the viability models of each category to check for heterogeneity. Our results show positive roles of low intensification and moderate use of technological equipment in mitigating the impact of an increase of milk price volatility on dairy farm viability. These contribute to provide insights on farmers' coping strategies effectiveness and the extent to which modernization is advantageous. |
| Keywords: | economic viability, feologit, milk price volatility, technological tools |
| Date: | 2023–09–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04254607&r=agr |
| By: | Kruseman, Gideon |
| Abstract: | International agricultural research for development contributes to the development of agricultural technologies that aim to reduce poverty, increase incomes of resource-poor farmers in low and lower-middle income countries that provide poor consumers with affordable, healthy and sustainable diets. Setting priorities for demand driven breeding that service complex and dynamic agri-food systems, requires a strong evidence base. Efforts to provide foresight to support priority setting are often contested. Our paper aims to develop a parsimonious approach to better understand the regional landscape and contributions of the various crops to end hunger in the Global South. It thereby sets out to build a foundational understanding of the current situation as a robust starting point for looking into the future. The study shows the importance of being conscious of the impact lens of interest and the inherent data limitations by bringing together evidence in a transparent manner by making comprehensive and robust open access data sets interoperable and providing a method for generating a composite index to view the evidence. The available data allowed us to pursue two lenses: a Rural Livelihoods Lens (focused on food production/supply); a Food and Nutrition Lens (focused on food consumption/demand) and a composite index of the two. |
| Date: | 2022–12–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:socarx:ybgsm&r=agr |
| By: | Wei-Xing Zhou; Yun-Shi Dai; Kiet Tuan Duong; Peng-Fei Dai |
| Abstract: | The ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict between two major agricultural powers has posed significant threats and challenges to the global food system and world food security. Focusing on the impact of the conflict on the global agricultural market, we propose a new analytical framework for tail dependence, and combine the Copula-CoVaR method with the ARMA-GARCH-skewed Student-t model to examine the tail dependence structure and extreme risk spillover between agricultural futures and spots over the pre- and post-outbreak periods. Our results indicate that the tail dependence structures in the futures-spot markets of soybean, maize, wheat, and rice have all reacted to the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Furthermore, the outbreak of the conflict has intensified risks of the four agricultural markets in varying degrees, with the wheat market being affected the most. Additionally, all the agricultural futures markets exhibit significant downside and upside risk spillovers to their corresponding spot markets before and after the outbreak of the conflict, whereas the strengths of these extreme risk spillover effects demonstrate significant asymmetries at the directional (downside versus upside) and temporal (pre-outbreak versus post-outbreak) levels. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.16850&r=agr |
| By: | Adong, Annet; Ambler, Kate; Bloem, Jeffrey R.; de Brauw, Alan; Wagner, Julia |
| Abstract: | Agri-food value chains represent an important element of food systems and economies around the world. For example, intermediary agri-food value chain actors—those operating enterprises that transport and transform food from the farmgate to retailers—account for a substantial share, often between 60 and 75 percent, of value-added produced by the entire agricultural sector of an economy. |
| Keywords: | UGANDA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA; arabica coffee; data collection; finances; food systems; production; soybeans; surveys; survey design; value chains; digital finance services |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:136944&r=agr |
| By: | Zhang, Jian (China University of Mining and Technology); Mishra, Ashok K. (Arizona State University); Zhu, Peixin (Nanjing Agricultural University) |
| Abstract: | This study investigates the impact of the land rental market (LRM) on labor productivity in rural China. Particular attention is given to farm and non-farm labor productivity. Using 2012 household-level data and a multinomial endogenous switching treatment regression (MESTR) technique, we find that rural households renting-in farmland increased labor productivity in the farm sector by about 55%, while labor productivity in the non-farm sector decreased by about 6%. We also find that rural households renting-out farmland had lower labor productivity in both the farm and non-farm sectors by 13% and 9%, respectively. More family labor transferred from the farm to the non-farm sector after renting-out land. |
| Keywords: | land rental market, labor productivity, farm sector, non-farm sector |
| JEL: | C31 J22 Q15 Q18 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16575&r=agr |
| By: | Alkis Blanz |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we analyze the long-term distributive impact of climate change through rising food prices. We use a standard incomplete markets model and account for non-linear Engel curves for food consumption. For the calibration of our model, we rely on household data from 92 developing countries, representing 4.5 billion people. The results indicate that the short-term and long-term distributive impact of climate change differs. Including general equilibrium effects change the welfare outcome especially for the poorest quintile. In the presence of idiosyncratic risk, higher food prices increase precautionary savings, which through general equilibrium affect labor income of all agents. Furthermore, this paper studies the impact on inequality for different allocations of productivity losses across sectors. When climate impacts affects total factor productivity in both sectors of the economy, climate impacts increase also wealth inequality. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.16490&r=agr |
| By: | Koppenberg, Maximilian (University of Hohenheim); Mishra, Ashok K. (Arizona State University); Hirsch, Stefan (University of Hohenheim) |
| Abstract: | We decompose the relationship between food aid and conflict into the channels through which food aid can affect conflict. We address questions of methodological choice and estimation techniques for empirical studies. Our review of the empirical evidence on the effect of food aid on conflict shows that none of the previous studies proposes a compelling identification strategy. While existing research shows promising approaches in terms of econometric methods, i.e., instrumental variables estimation, they have not succeeded in i) using instruments that pass the necessary tests of instrumental variable estimation and ii) identifying the channels through which food aid influences conflict. We argue that future work should contain a rigorous identification strategy with a stricter focus on the impact of food aid on conflict intensity, empirically examine the conceptual channels through which food aid affects conflict, and the need for data at a more disaggregated level to achieve both objectives. |
| Keywords: | conflict, literature review, endogeneity, humanitarian aid, food security |
| JEL: | F35 Q18 D74 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16574&r=agr |
| By: | Dang, Hai-Anh H.; Hallegatte, Stephane; Trinh, Trong-Anh |
| Abstract: | We offer an updated and comprehensive review of recent studies on the impact of climate change, particularly global warming, on poverty and inequality, paying special attention to data sources as well as empirical methods. While studies consistently find negative impacts of higher temperature on poverty across different geographical regions, with higher vulnerability especially in poorer Sub-Saharan Africa, there is inclusive evidence on climate change impacts on inequality. Further analyzing a recently constructed global database at the subnational unit level derived from official national household income and consumption surveys, we find that temperature change has larger impacts in the short term and more impacts on chronic poverty than transient poverty. The results are robust to different model specifications and measures of chronic poverty and are more pronounced for poorer countries. Our findings offer relevant inputs into current efforts to fight climate change. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, temperature, poverty, inequality, subnational data |
| JEL: | Q54 I32 O1 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1347&r=agr |
| By: | Adam Malla Issiou (LARDES - Laboratoire d’Analyse et de Recherches sur les Dynamiques Economiques et Sociales (LARDES) - UP - Université de Parakou); Jacob Yabi (LARDES - Laboratoire d’Analyse et de Recherches sur les Dynamiques Economiques et Sociales (LARDES) - UP - Université de Parakou) |
| Abstract: | The peasant entrepreneur evolves in a very particular context that influences his entrepreneurial spirit and capacities. The objective of this study is to identify the social determinants of the entrepreneurial spirit of rural farmers. The study conducted on 293 farmers in Borgou shows that social norms, the family environment, the personal attributes of the farmer, and the mechanisms put in place to promote the development of agro-economic activities are all factors that influence either positively or negatively the entrepreneurial spirit and skills of farmers. |
| Abstract: | L'entrepreneur paysan évolue dans un contexte très particulier qui influence son esprit et ses capacités entrepreneuriales. L'objectif de cette étude est d'identifier les facteurs déterminants sociaux de l'esprit entrepreneurial des paysans ruraux. L'étude menées sur 293 paysans dans le Borgou montre que, les normes sociales, le cadre familial, les attributs personnels du paysan, et les mécanismes mis en place pour favoriser le développement des activités agroéconomiques sont autant de facteurs qui influencent soient positivement ou négativement l'esprit et les compétences entrepreneuriales des paysans. |
| Keywords: | Entrepreneurship in Benin Entrepreneurship in Africa Determinants Peasant entrepreneurship Rural entrepreneurship Agricultural entrepreneurship Entrepreneuriat au Bénin Entrepreneuriat en Afrique Déterminants Entrepreneuriat paysans Entrepreneuriat rural Entrepreneuriat agricole, Entrepreneurship in Benin, Entrepreneurship in Africa, Determinants Peasant entrepreneurship, Rural entrepreneurship, Agricultural entrepreneurship Entrepreneuriat au Bénin, Entrepreneuriat rural, Entrepreneuriat en Afrique, Déterminants Entrepreneuriat paysans, Entrepreneuriat agricole |
| Date: | 2023–04–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-04256003&r=agr |
| By: | Britos, Braulio; Hernandez, Manuel A.; Puricelli, Estefania; Sahajpal, Ritvik |
| Abstract: | International migration is a recurrent and growing phenomenon and a large share of emigrants originate from rural areas. This study examines the association between climatic stresses and rural emigration in Guatemala. We exploit variations on climatic stress situations and emigration flows at the subnational level and over time to examine whether the observed migration dynamics can be explained by the occurrence of specific adverse weather events. We find that drought periods affect emigration positively the following year, especially among men, while periods of high temperatures and low soil moisture affect male and female emigration negatively. The results are generally not much sensitive to alternative model specifications and estimations. The apparent mixed findings point to both direct effects where climatic stresses may encourage people to migrate in search of better opportunities, as well as indirect effects in the sense that climatic stresses affect agricultural productivity and household liquidity, which may prevent people from migrating despite their willingness to emigrate. |
| Keywords: | GUATEMALA; LATIN AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; NORTH AMERICA; migration; rural population; climate change; weather hazards; gender; households; agricultural production; climatic stresses |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:prnote:136920&r=agr |
| By: | Malabayabas, Maria Luz L. (University of the Philippines, Los Banos); Mishra, Ashok K. (Arizona State University); Mayorga, Joaquin (Daniel J. Evans School of Public Policy and Governance) |
| Abstract: | The study investigates the effect of the spouse's access to financial services (credit or savings) through membership in a self-help group on adopting technology, technical efficiency, and managerial gaps. To estimate the empirical model, we use farm-level data from rice farming households in eastern India, propensity score matching method, and selectivity-corrected stochastic production frontier. Results show that families with access to financial services via a spouse's membership in self-help groups have slightly higher technical efficiency than their counterparts. Both technology and managerial gaps are higher for farms where spouses have access to financial services via SHGs than their counterparts. With access to financial services via spouses, rice farmers used more hired labor, about 1.3 person-days/ha for crop establishment. Thus, women joining self-help groups can increase farm productivity, and extension agents should also focus on spouses and their role in farming decision-making, not just financial management. |
| Keywords: | self-help group, PSM, selection-correction SPF, production efficiency, hired labor |
| JEL: | C21 Q12 Q16 Q55 R58 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp16578&r=agr |
| By: | Naveen Kumar (Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics); Dibyendu Maiti (Department of Economics, Delhi School of Economics) |
| Abstract: | Emerging economies (EMEs) often ignore effective mitigation strategies for climate risks to prioritise growth acceleration. This paper shows that EMEs cannot sustain their economic growth trajectory due to the adverse impact of climate change on total factor productivity (TFP). Using a standard growth model, it demonstrates how temperature rise and variation from growing industrial emissions reduce capital productivity along with the damage to ecosystem services and labour productivity, adversely impacting total factor productivity (TFP). A cross-sectional augmented auto-regressive distributed lag model (CS-ARDL), which addresses the issues of endogeneity and cross-sectional dependence with stochastic trends, has been applied to 21 EMEs over the period from 1990 to 2018 and reveals a strong negative impact of temperature rise on total factor productivity. Although EMEs have heterogeneous impacts across the countries depending upon their climatic zones and income levels, a one-degree increase in temperature, on average, decreases the TFP by approximately 3 per cent. It is much higher in the extreme climatic zones and less developed EMEs. JEL Code: O47, Q50, O44 |
| Keywords: | TFP, Temperature Shocks, Panel CS-ARDL, Emerging markets |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cde:cdewps:342&r=agr |
| By: | Hannah Nohlen (European Commission - JRC); Ioanna Bakogianni (European Commission - JRC); Evangelia Grammatikaki; Emanuele Ciriolo; Myrto Pantazi (Université Libre de Bruxelles); Joana Alves Dias; Fanny Salesse (University College Dublin); Maria Alice Moz Christofoletti (European Commission - JRC); Jan Wollgast (European Commission - JRC); Hendrik Bruns (European Commission - JRC); François J. Dessart (European Commission - JRC); Ginevra Marandola (Ministero dell'Economia e delle Finanze); René van Bavel (European Commission - JRC) |
| Abstract: | This addendum of the JRC Science for Policy report “Front-of-pack nutrition labelling schemes: a comprehensive review” provides an update of the former publication regarding the effects of front-of-pack nutrition labelling (FOPNL) schemes on consumers' understanding, food purchases, diet and health, as well as food reformulation. This addendum will further inform the Commission’s proposal for harmonised mandatory FOPNL announced in the Farm to Fork Strategy. The previous report reviewed the scientific literature regarding the effects of FOPNL on consumers, and food business operators. Emphasis was placed on consumer attention, preferences, and understanding of diverse FOPNL schemes, as well as FOPNL schemes’ effects on food purchases and their implications for diet and health. The report also discussed whether and to what extent the introduction of FOPNL schemes may affect producer efforts on food reformulation and innovation, highlighted potential unintended consequences of introducing FOPNL and described knowledge gaps and directions for future research. It was complemented by an overview of FOPNL schemes. In addition to an update and extension of the previous report with recent literature (published 05/2018-01/2021), the current report additionally addresses the effects of different labelling aspects (e.g. use of reference quantities, voluntary vs. mandatory implementation, combination of front-of-pack nutrition labels and claims on consumer understanding and consumer behaviour |
| Keywords: | nutrition, labelling, front-of-pack, nutriscore |
| Date: | 2022–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc130125&r=agr |
| By: | Reynaert, Mathias; Souza-Rodrigues, Edouardo; Van Benthem, Arthur |
| Abstract: | The world has pledged to protect 30 percent of its land and waters by 2030 to halt the rapid deterioration of critical ecosystems. We summarize the state of knowledge about the impacts of protected area policies, with a focus on deforestation and vegetation cover. We discuss critical issues around data and measurement, identify the most commonly-used empirical methods, and summarize empirical evidence across multiple regions of the world. In most cases, protection has had at most a modest impact on forest cover, with stronger effects in areas that face pressure of economic development. We then identify several open areas for research to advance our understanding of the effectiveness of protected area policies: the use of promising recent econometric advancements, shifting focus to direct measures of biodiversity, filling the knowledge gap on the effect of protected area policy in advanced economies, investigating the long-run impacts of protection, and understanding its equilibrium effects. |
| JEL: | Q23 Q24 Q57 R14 |
| Date: | 2023–11–09 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:128689&r=agr |
| By: | Cook, Nikolai; Duprey, Thibaut; Heyes, Anthony; Pelli, Martino |
| Abstract: | [Introduction:] This is a replication of Mayshar et al. (2022) (henceforth MMP).1 The article posits that the state (defined as societal hierarchy such as tax-levying elites) originated from cultivation of appropriable cereal grains, contrary to the conventional theory that the state originated from increased land productivity following the adoption of agriculture. The article uses multiple datasets to demonstrate a causal effect of cereal cultivation on hierarchy (Claim 1) without finding a similar effect for land productivity (Claim 2), and that societies based on roots or tubers display levels of hierarchy similar to nonfarming societies (Claim 3). (...) |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:i4rdps:82&r=agr |
| By: | Morgan Williams |
| Abstract: | Focussing on the agricultural land sales market this paper investigates the use of development overage provisions, also referred to as clawbacks, in land sales. Land transaction data was collected from agents in the agricultural land agency sector and analysed to ascertain the extent of the use of overage provisions and the terms contained therein. The paper makes three contributions. Firstly, it identifies the wide spread use of overage provisions in agricultural land sales and seeks to determine whether the inclusion of an overage provision has an adverse impact on the final sale price. Secondly it provides insight into common terms, trigger events and methods of security, particularly focusing in on the valuation mechanisms when the overage is triggered. Thirdly it seeks to make a tentative step towards standardising valuation procedures for untriggered overage provisions by interpreting those currently in use. For the long term purpose of understanding whether there could be a market place for untriggered overage provisions, which could ultimately lead to the securitisation of these provisions, in order to create a new real estate investment product. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Land; Development; Overage; Valuations |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arz:wpaper:eres2023_277&r=agr |
| By: | Yun-Shi Dai; Ngoc Quang Anh Huynh; Qing-Huan Zheng; Wei-Xing Zhou |
| Abstract: | This paper adopts the random matrix theory (RMT) to analyze the correlation structure of the global agricultural futures market from 2000 to 2020. It is found that the distribution of correlation coefficients is asymmetric and right skewed, and many eigenvalues of the correlation matrix deviate from the RMT prediction. The largest eigenvalue reflects a collective market effect common to all agricultural futures, the other largest deviating eigenvalues can be implemented to identify futures groups, and there are modular structures based on regional properties or agricultural commodities among the significant participants of their corresponding eigenvectors. Except for the smallest eigenvalue, other smallest deviating eigenvalues represent the agricultural futures pairs with highest correlations. This paper can be of reference and significance for using agricultural futures to manage risk and optimize asset allocation. |
| Date: | 2023–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2310.16849&r=agr |
| By: | Hope Gregory Yusuf |
| Abstract: | A good land administration system is strategic to the development of a state. It should meet the needs of people and successfully manage land and its resources sustainably. This has however, not been the case with a lot of states in Nigeria. Kaduna State’s land administration system has gone through reforms over the years. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the land administration system in Kaduna state. The research is carried out with the use of questionnaires and complimented with personal interviews of land administration officials, industry professionals and landowners. Data is analyzed using frequency distribution and weighted mean score. In Kaduna State, all lands are registered by the Kaduna State Geographic Information Service (KADGIS). This study reveals that it can take less than six (6) months to obtain title documents. The biggest challenge of the land administration system remains a cloggy bureaucracy. It is recommended that enhancing best practice will require the enforcement of laws and policies of land administration to consolidate on the gains made in the ongoing reforms. |
| JEL: | R3 |
| Date: | 2023–01–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:afr:wpaper:afres2023-028&r=agr |
| By: | Giulia Buccione (Brown University); Martín Rossi (Department of Economics, Universidad de San Andrés) |
| Abstract: | Adoption rates of safe drinking water are low in developing countries. In regions where centralized water treatment infrastructure is absent, the conventional policy response is to enhance access to safe water via point-of-use chlorination. Previous research, however, reports a ceiling in adoption rates of chlorinated water at 50 percent, even when chlorine is provided for free. We report experimental evidence that a cultural-friendly technology, which provides filtered water that resembles local ancestral water, leads to higher adoption rates and willingness to pay than usual chlorinated water provision. We document adoption rates of 91 percent for filtered water, 42 percentage points higher than for chlorinated water. Willingness to pay is 61 percent higher for filtered water compared to chlorinated water. Our findings suggest policymakers should redirect their efforts away from the current mainstream approach of subsidized chlorine and instead explore alternative strategies that consider local communities’ culture and preferences. |
| Keywords: | Middle East, water-borne diseases, field experiments |
| JEL: | D10 I10 C93 Q53 Z10 |
| Date: | 2023–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sad:wpaper:167&r=agr |
| By: | Bergquist, Lauren; Faber, Benjamin; Fally, Thibault; Hoelzlein, Matthias; Miguel, Edward; Rodríguez-Clare, Andrés |
| Date: | 2022–12–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:econwp:qt5590542t&r=agr |
| By: | Miguel Cárdenas Rodríguez; Florian Mante; Ivan Haščič; Adelaida Rojas Lleras |
| Abstract: | Multifactor productivity is a comprehensive measure of productivity where the underlying production function accounts for multiple factor inputs, traditionally labour and produced capital. While single-factor productivity is intuitively simple, such measure offers a biased picture of the economy because it attributes all variation in output growth to a single factor input (e.g. consumption of fossil fuels or material resources) while the role of other factors is ignored. Multifactor productivity aims at addressing this shortcoming, and as such it is a valuable component of the OECD set of Green Growth headline indicators. This paper presents further progress in measuring the EAMFP and related growth accounting indicators in 52 countries for 1996-2018. An important novelty is the inclusion of renewable natural resources such as land, timber and fisheries, and ecosystem services such as coastal and watershed protection. Exploratory results on accounting for renewable energy resources are also included. |
| Keywords: | air pollution, costs, ecosystem services, environmental accounting, exhaustible resources, forest, fossil fuels, greenhouse gases, income, indicators, land, minerals, multifactor productivity, natural capital, pollution, prices, production, renewable energy, renewable resources |
| JEL: | D24 O44 O47 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q52 Q53 Q56 |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:envddd:2023/01-en&r=agr |
| By: | Martin Borowiecki; Joaquín Calvo Giménez; Federico Giovannelli; Francesco Vanni |
| Abstract: | The EU’s ambitious Green Deal aims at achieving net zero emissions by 2050. The EU is starting from a relatively good position. It has successfully reduced greenhouse gas emissions over the past decade. But further efforts are needed to reach the net zero target. These include an extension of emission trading to agriculture and the phase-out of generous subsidies for fossil fuels. Such efforts should be complemented by additional measures to shift to clean energy, notably more integrated electricity markets and deeper capital markets that provide the necessary investment in new technologies. Accelerating the green transition will also involve costs for displaced workers. Bolstering workers’ mobility and training will help improve labour reallocation and reduce transition costs. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, climate change mitigation, energy, European Union, transport |
| JEL: | H23 Q15 Q18 Q42 Q48 Q58 R48 |
| Date: | 2023–11–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1777-en&r=agr |
| By: | Bhruguwar, Ira |
| Abstract: | The aim of this research is to identify and analyse the key factors that have a correlation with rural development, specifically focusing on rural India. This paper employs a rigorous econometric approach, including correlation analysis, regression analysis, and Pearson tests in order to formulate equations pertaining to key factors identified as well as a multivariable equation. It finds that households with access to gas and electricity, literacy rate, school electrification, access to sanitation facilities, and the availability of treated tap water show a high correlation with rural development, and hence theorize the reasons behind each factor. These findings are shown to hold largely true through the Pearson tests and are assumed to be largely generalizable due to the data taken across states and for multiple years. |
| Keywords: | Rural Development in India, HDI, Rural Growth , Sustainable Growth |
| JEL: | C1 O11 O21 O53 |
| Date: | 2023–08–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:118772&r=agr |
| By: | Aiman Akbar (Master of Economics of Development Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada); Heni Wahyuni (Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Gadjah Mada) |
| Abstract: | This study was conducted to analyze and measure the impact of land registration on economic growth in provinces in Indonesia. The study suggests that there is a possibility of unobserved heterogeneity that may influence the outcome variable, namely geographical conditions, which include land area in each province and the number of land areas that have not been certified. Further information regarding these two factors still needs to be sought. Using panel data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for ten years (2010-2019) and a fixed effect panel method to overcome the unobserved heterogeneity bias, this study found that a 1 percent increase of land registration increases a province’s gross domestic product per capita by a significant 0.12 percent, after controlling for other factors. These findings align with previous studies that suggest that land registration influences society's welfare through increased access to financial credit. |
| Keywords: | land registration, per capita gross domestic product, panel data method, fixed effect model, unobserved heterogeneity |
| JEL: | O13 Q24 C1 |
| Date: | 2023–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gme:wpaper:202303005&r=agr |