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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2021‒05‒10
28 papers chosen by |
| By: | McCarl, Bruce A.; Yu, Chin-Hsien; Attavanich, Witsanu |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change-induced shifts in means, variability and extremes. The climate is evolving and agriculturalists need to foresee future sensitivities and develop/promulgate adaptation strategies such as improving cultivar tolerance to high temperatures and changing crop timing. Meanwhile, the IPCC shows that agriculture and land use accounts for nearly 30% of total emissions, contributing over 50% of the global anthropogenic non-CO2 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Thus, in the long run, agriculture also needs to be a partner in a global mitigation effort. In planning, mitigation–adaptation synergy is also relevant. Hence, advancing the understanding of the potential impacts of climate change, as well as the implications of possible adaptation and mitigation strategies, is important for science, policy and stakeholder communities. In this Special Issue on “Climate Change Impacts and Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation in Agriculture”, six original research articles report recent findings describing: the impacts of climate change on crop yields; adaptation and mitigation strategies; and valuing the benefits of climate and weather information. The papers span a wide range of investigations. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Impacts, Mitigation, Adaptation, Agriculture |
| JEL: | Q18 Q21 Q54 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–04–20 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:107416&r= |
| By: | Vincent Chatellier; Cécile Detang-Dessendre; Pierre Dupraz; Hervé Guyomard |
| Abstract: | This article provides an overview of French agricultural incomes over the decade 2010-2019, notably of their heterogeneity according to production types, size and location. It illustrates their dependency on CAP budgetary support. On this basis, it analyses the sensitivity of incomes to different scenarios that modify the repartition of CAP direct aids. The first type of measures aims specifically at modifying the distribution of direct aids and incomes. Four simulations are performed corresponding to a measure in favour of small farms, alternative payment modalities for coupled aids to beef and dairy cattle, the full internal convergence of the basic payment per hectare, and a reinforcement of the redistributive payment on the first hectares. The second measures pursue climatic and environmental objectives but have also redistributive impacts. The first scenario corresponds to a transfer of 15 % of the budgetary envelope of the first pillar to climate and environmental measures and support for organic farming in the second pillar. The second scenario implements an eco-scheme targeted on the maintenance of permanent grasslands and the reduction of pesticide use. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2021–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:inrasl:310834&r= |
| By: | Joseph Glauber (International Food Policy Research Institute); Katherine Baldwin (OECD); Jesús Antón (OECD); Urszula Ziebinska (OECD) |
| Abstract: | Government support for agricultural risk management tools has grown substantially over the past two decades. While these tools can play a role in strengthening farm-level resilience by helping farmers to cope with the financial impact of adverse events, they also modify farmers’ incentives to invest in risk-reducing measures and market tools. Policy design is critical to maximise effectiveness while minimising unintended consequences. This report reviews the accumulated experience on four types of publicly-supported agricultural risk management tools (ex post disaster aid, agricultural insurance, income stabilisation schemes and tax and savings measures). It suggests some basic principles on how countries can improve the design of their agricultural risk management policies, using a holistic approach and focusing on market failures. The report also highlights the need for more transparency on basic programme data, and for periodic public evaluation of existing programmes. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Insurance, Disaster aid, Resilience |
| JEL: | Q18 Q54 H84 G22 G32 |
| Date: | 2021–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:157-en&r= |
| By: | Knuck, Janina; Weber, Sascha A |
| Abstract: | The market price crises of 2009 2012 and 2015, with very low producer prices in some cases, seriously struck many dairy farms and posed a threat to their further existence. To reduce such negative impacts of market developments (risk management), regional marketing is being discussed as a possible instrument, also for dairy farms. However, regional processing and marketing of dairy farms has so far received little scientific attention, in contrast to other agricultural products. There are almost no findings on which factors influence the economic success of regional processing and marketing of dairy farms. The first step is to fill in this knowledge gap. In a second step, the suitability of regional marketing of dairy products as a risk management for dairy farms can be assessed. This paper focuses on the first step of the research. The official statistics provide limited information on the regional processing and marketing of dairy products by dairy farms. The relevant information had to be collected by ourselves. As part of this research, a total of 13 farm advisors and farm managers of dairy farms were interviewed as experts. Based on the findings, the factors influencing the economic success of regionally processing and marketing dairy farms can be grouped into two categories: intra-farm and extra-farm factors. The first ones include the farm manager, the family, workload, preparation and planning, marketing and distribution channels. The external factors include the staff, the location, the county veterinary authority, the consumers and the external dairy. For example, the initial economic situation of the dairy farm, the preparation and planning of the new business branch and, of course, the farm manager himself play a significant role in success. It also becomes apparent that the location, especially with regard to the federal state, canhave a crucial influence. This is because of varying regulations for the establishment and operation of regional dairy processing and marketing, as well as different offers of advice and funding schemes. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2021–05–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:jhimwp:310902&r= |
| By: | Juan Casado-Asensio; Takayoshi Kato; Heiwon Shin |
| Abstract: | For many private sector actors, especially micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), it remains challenging to understand how the impacts of climate change may influence their business profitability and continuity over time, and how they can manage climate risks. This working paper explores how governments and development co-operation providers can further engage with the private sector to address these challenges and strengthen its resilience to the negative impacts of climate change. The paper focuses on different roles of the private sector in strengthening climate resilience. It then examines how governments and development co-operation can foster such roles through enhancing domestic institutions and networks, policy frameworks, climate and weather data and information, and financing mechanisms. The proposed actions draw from the experiences of three case studies: Guatemala, the Philippines and Senegal. |
| JEL: | Q54 Q56 Q58 |
| Date: | 2021–05–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaaa:96-en&r= |
| By: | Kumar B, Pradeep; S, Arya |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is the prime engine of growth and backbone of developing nations. In India, a developing economy, nearly 60% of the working population find agriculture as their main source of income/livelihood. Women play multiple roles in agriculture and allied activities such as food production, horticulture, harvesting operations, fisheries, etc. It is also estimated that in India about 75% of women are working as agricultural labour force and are active agents of the primary sector. The present study focuses on the nature and extent of female participation in Indian agriculture using secondary data on the period 1993-2012. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, Female Work Participation, Labour Force, Women |
| JEL: | J40 |
| Date: | 2019–07–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:107405&r= |
| By: | Hyejin Lee; Johan Swinnen; Patrick Van Cayseele |
| Abstract: | Agricultural cooperatives have often been promoted as a way to increase their market power and to obtain stability of profit against uncertainty. This paper estimates the firm-level markups and markup volatility to identify the countervailing market power of cooperatives in the Italian fruits and vegetable sector and the dairy sector. We use the firm-level data of Italian firms for the period 2007-2014. We find that, overall, there is a tradeoff in cooperatives’ role between obtaining market power and stability. Farmer cooperatives in both sectors gain stability in their markups but their markups are lower, on average, than those for non-cooperatives. For processor cooperatives, the fruits and vegetable sector obtains more market power. This appears to arise from the product differentiation strategy of the processors cooperative. |
| Date: | 2021–04–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ete:licosp:674093&r= |
| By: | Clara Frezal; Stephan Hubertus Gay; Claude Nenert |
| Abstract: | In China, the outbreak of the African Swine Fever is expected to result in a 27% drop in the production of pigmeat, the country’s most consumed meat product. Using the OECD-FAO Aglink-Cosimo model, this paper examines the impact of this production shortfall on global markets for livestock products and animal feed over the short and the medium term. In particular, it compares outcomes if the changes induced by the ASF outbreak in China are temporary with outcomes that could result if current changes lead to a restructuring of Chinese protein demand. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural trade, Feed market, Pandemic, Pigmeat |
| JEL: | C61 F17 Q11 Q17 |
| Date: | 2021–05–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:156-en&r= |
| By: | Ezeaku, Hillary; Asongu, Simplice; Nnanna, Joseph |
| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of oil supply and global demand shocks on the volatility of commodity prices in the metal and agricultural commodity markets using the SVAR model. The empirical evidence is based on real time daily closing international commodity prices covering the period 2 December 2019 to 1 October 2020. The findings are presented in cumulative impulse responses and variance decompositions. The former is utilized to examine the accumulated influence of structural shocks on the volatility of agricultural and metal commodities whereas the latter reflect the share of variation in the volatility of each commodity arising from each structural shock. Various patterns are provided on how metal and agricultural commodity prices have been influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Policy implications are discussed. |
| Keywords: | Covid-9; Commodity Prices |
| JEL: | H12 I12 O10 |
| Date: | 2020–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:107544&r= |
| By: | Oliveira, Eduardo (Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel); Meyfroidt, Patrick |
| Abstract: | Strategic spatial planning (SSP) represents a consolidated long-term governance practice across developed and developing countries. It articulates sectoral policies, and it involves vision making and an array of stakeholders regarding land use and development issues around urban and rural territories. Land-use frontiers are territories with abundant land for agriculture and forestry, availability of natural resources relative to labor or capital, and rapid land-use change, often driven by large-scale investments and capitalized actors producing commodities for distal markets. Among various reasons, one of the objectives of SSP processes is to articulate a more coherent and future-oriented spatial logic for sustainable land-use patterns, resource protection and investments. SSP may thus constitute a useful approach to address some of the challenges posed to the governance of land-use frontiers, thus far, its potential contribution in land-use frontiers lacks an explicitly exploration. Here, we examine how SSP can play a role in governing land-use frontiers, through a case-study analysis of Mozambique as an emerging investment frontier. We gathered empirical evidence by interviewing experts involved in resource management, planning and strategizing territorial development in the country, complemented by a content analysis of literature and policy documents. We show that emerging land-use frontiers face several challenges, such as transnational land deals and intensification of commercial plantations. Interview data show that Mozambique lacks a strategic territorial vision, and the short-termism of political cycles hinders long-term territorial development, primarily in rural areas with plentiful land. Our analysis shows that SSP processes could contribute to address both global and country-specific challenges such as poverty traps and land degradation spirals, if various local and distant actors join forces and marry interests. We conclude by presenting a systematic framework explaining how SSP could play a role in governing emerging land-use frontiers for sustainable pathways. |
| Date: | 2021–04–27 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:africa:t3anz&r= |
| By: | Bronnenberg, Bart; Dube, Jean-Pierre; Joo, Joonhwi |
| Abstract: | We conduct an empirical case study of the U.S. beer industry to analyze the disruptive effects of locally-manufactured, craft brands on the market structures, an increasingly common phenomenon in CPG industries typically attributed to the emerging generation of adult Millennial consumers. We document a substantial gap in the shares of craft beer consumption across generations. To understand the determinants of this generational share gap, we test between two competing mechanisms: (i) intrinsic generational differences in tastes and (ii) the role of availability on the formation of consumption capital. Our test exploits a novel database tracking the geographic differences in the diffusion of craft brewers across the U.S., dating back to the deregulation of home brewing in 1979 that initialized the launch of craft breweries. Using a structural model of demand with endogenous consumption capital stock formation, we find that consumption capital accounts for 85% of the generational share gap between Millennials and Baby Boomers, with the remainder explained by intrinsic preferences. Through the lens of our model, we predict the beer market structure will continue to fragment over the next decade, with craft beer reaching almost 30% of the market as the distribution of adult consumers shifts increasingly towards young adults with a wide variety of craft beer available as they turn 21 and begin forming a preference. |
| Keywords: | brand equity; Branding; craft beer; formation of preferences |
| JEL: | D12 L11 M31 M37 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15706&r= |
| By: | Cruz, Jose-Luis; Rossi-Hansberg, Esteban |
| Abstract: | Global warming is a worldwide and protracted phenomenon with heterogeneous local economic effects. In order to evaluate the aggregate and local economic consequences of higher temperatures, we propose a dynamic economic assessment model of the world economy with high spatial resolution. Our model features a number of mechanisms through which individuals can adapt to global warming, including costly trade and migration, and local technological innovations and natality rates. We quantify the model at a 1-degree by 1-degree resolution and estimate damage functions that determine the impact of temperature changes on a region's fundamental productivity and amenities depending on local temperatures. Our baseline results show welfare losses as large as 15% in parts of Africa and Latin America but also high heterogeneity across locations, with northern regions in Siberia, Canada, and Alaska experiencing gains. Our results indicate large uncertainty about average welfare effects and point to migration and, to a lesser extent, innovation as important adaptation mechanisms. We use the model to assess the impact of carbon taxes, abatement technologies, and clean energy subsidies. Carbon taxes delay consumption of fossil fuels and help flatten the temperature curve but are much more effective when an abatement technology is forthcoming. |
| JEL: | F63 F69 Q51 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15803&r= |
| By: | Chowdhury, Shyamal (University of Sydney); Satish, Varun (University of Chicago); Sulaiman, Munshi (BRAC Institute of Governance and Development); Sun, Yi (University of Sydney) |
| Abstract: | Using data from a randomised experiment in Kenya, we estimate the causal effect of social networks on technology adoption. In this experiment, farmers were invited to information sessions about the use of Tissue Culture Banana (TCB), an in vitro banana cultivation technology. We find that an additional social connection with a treated farmer causes an untreated farmer to be 2.25 pp more likely to adopt TCB 6-18 months post-intervention, but not in the longer term. We provide evidence that the adoption of TCB by those social connections is the mechanism driving the effect; therefore, treated connections are significant because treated farmers are more likely to adopt. We also find that indirect social network effects, proxied for by eigenvector centrality, influence adoption at both the village level and the farmer level. |
| Keywords: | networks, social connections, agricultural technology adoption, Kenya |
| JEL: | O12 P36 Z13 |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14307&r= |
| By: | Armand, Alex; Kim Taveras, Ivan |
| Abstract: | Evidence on the exact mechanism linking in utero shocks with early-childhood outcomes remains scarce because biological factors are often tangled with changes in parental inputs. This paper addresses this issue by exploiting exogenous variation in the ocean's productivity resulting from water acidification, a consequence of climate change that is negatively affecting marine life and has been largely ignored in the literature. Ocean acidification provides a unique setting to study prenatal nutritional deprivation as water chemistry affects fish stocks, but is not directly observed or felt by mothers. This isolates the channel of transmission to the availability of resources. We estimate the causal impact of the ocean's acidity while in utero on early-childhood mortality and development at a global scale, analyzing more than 1.5 million geocoded births taking place over the last 50 years in 36 developing countries. We compare children, including siblings, born in the same location but on different dates, controlling for a set of high-dimensional fixed effects. In coastal areas, a 0.01 unit increase in acidity causes 2 additional neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births. Using a novel measure of fishing pressure that combines local and industrial fishing, we show that the effect is strictly related to reduced access to nutrients during gestation. We find no evidence of parental adaptation on other inputs. Deprivation selectively affects the weakest children, creating small differences in child development. These results provide the first quantitative evidence linking the exploitation of renewable natural resources with malnutrition and neonatal selection. |
| Keywords: | Acidification; Child; climate change; Development; health; Mortality; nutrition; Ocean |
| JEL: | H51 I15 Q2 Q54 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15680&r= |
| By: | Laurent Piet (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Vincent Chatellier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cathie Laroche-Dupraz (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Marc Benoit (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); K. Hervé Dakpo (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Nathalie Delame (ECO-PUB - Economie Publique - AgroParisTech - Université Paris-Saclay - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Yann Desjeux (GREThA - Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée - UB - Université de Bordeaux - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Pierre Dupraz (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Mélisande Gillot (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Philippe Jeanneaux (Territoires - Territoires - AgroParisTech - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne); Aude Ridier (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Elisabeth Samson (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Patrick Veysset (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Pauline Avril (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); Cyrielle Beaudouin (SMART - Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires - AGROCAMPUS OUEST - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement); S Boukhriss (UMRH - Unité Mixte de Recherche sur les Herbivores - UMR 1213 - VAS - VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This conference (2 hours) entitled "Heterogeneity, determinants and trajectories of the French farmers' s income" was held within the framework of the General Assembly of the CGAAER. It addressed the following main points: The challenges of measuring farm income and the different indicators of farm economic results; the heterogeneity of the economic results of French farms and the distribution of the value created. |
| Abstract: | Cette conférence (2 heures) ayant pour titre « Hétérogénéité, déterminants et trajectoires du revenu des agriculteurs français » a été réalisée dans le cadre de l'Assemblée Générale du Conseil Général de l'Alimentation, de l'Agriculture et des Espaces Ruraux (CGAAER). Elle a abordé les principaux points suivants : les enjeux de la mesure du revenu agricole et les différents indicateurs des résultats économiques des exploitations agricoles ; l'hétérogénéité des résultats économiques des exploitations françaises et la répartition de la valeur créée. |
| Keywords: | Farm,Agricultural income,Economic performance,FADN,Exploitation agricole,Revenu agricole,Performance économique,RICA,France |
| Date: | 2021–02–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03210138&r= |
| By: | A. Nassiri (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); O. Thébaud (AMURE - Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UBO - Université de Brest - IUEM - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - INSU - CNRS - Institut national des sciences de l'Univers - UBO - Université de Brest - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); M. Lauer (UCSB - University of California [Santa Barbara] - University of California); S. J. Holbrook (SDSU - San Diego State University); A. Rassweiler (FSU - Florida State University [Tallahassee]); R. J. Schmitt (UCSB - University of California [Santa Barbara] - University of California); Joachim Claudet (CRIOBE - Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement - UPVD - Université de Perpignan Via Domitia - EPHE - École pratique des hautes études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, LabEX CORAIL - Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - UAG - Université des Antilles et de la Guyane - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - EPHE - École pratique des hautes études - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - UR - Université de La Réunion - UPF - Université de la Polynésie Française - UNC - Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie - Institut d'écologie et environnement - UA - Université des Antilles) |
| Abstract: | Using two-stage Rosen's model, this evaluation aims to deduce the implicit prices of the coral-reef fish species most commonly encountered in road-side market in Moorea (French Polynesia) during 2014–2015, from the prices of bundles of species, called tuis. Index value are calculated which vary, all else equal, between 33% (Selar) and 137% (Acanthurus) of the price of the reference species (Scarus). Estimating translogarithmic specifications allow the identification of positive cross-species elasticities which imply complementarity between reef species in each tui. The composition of tuis is therefore a market strategy to enhance the value of catches. These results demonstrate the relevance of empirical economic analysis in improving the understanding of small-scale coral-reef fisheries in the Pacific. |
| Keywords: | Small-scale coral-reef fisheries,Fish prices,Fish quality,Tui,Hedonic models |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03212908&r= |
| By: | Jose Pizarro; Eduardo S. Schwartz |
| Abstract: | The literature on the optimal harvest of fisheries has concentrated on a single fishing area with biomass uncertainty and to a lesser degree also with price uncertainty. We develop and implement a stochastic optimal control approach to determine the harvest that maximizes the value of a fishery participating in a global market, where all the considered harvesting zones sell their production. This market is characterized by an inverse demand function, which combines an exogenous demand shock and the aggregate harvesting of all zones. Accordingly, a fishery's harvest will be affected by the global demand shocks and the harvesting in all the competing zones through the global selling price. In addition, we decompose the biomass uncertainty into local and global biomass shocks. Through global biomass shocks, the model provides enough flexibility to acknowledge for correlation in the biomass shocks faced by the multiple perhaps adjacent areas. When we compare our global framework with an alternative where the individual zones are aggregated into a single optimizing fishery we find that competition will increase the global harvest and consequently reduced the resource price. |
| JEL: | G10 G13 G31 Q20 Q22 |
| Date: | 2021–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28732&r= |
| By: | Sylvaine Lemeilleur (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, Cirad-ES - Département Environnements et Sociétés - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement); Mohammed Aderghal (LITOPAD - Laboratoire Ingénierie du Tourisme, Patrimoine et Développement durable des Territoires - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Omaima Jennani; Abdelali Binane (LITOPAD - Laboratoire Ingénierie du Tourisme, Patrimoine et Développement durable des Territoires - Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal]); Romagny Bruno (LPED - Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement - IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMU - Aix Marseille Université); Paule Moustier (UMR MOISA - Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - Cirad - Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - CIHEAM-IAMM - Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier - CIHEAM - Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes) |
| Abstract: | We explore the role of distance in the food supply systems of the Rabat agglomeration (Morocco) and the central forces explaining the persistence of peri-urban agriculture. Our qualitative and quantitative data show that for some perishable products, only spatial proximity affects trade with the city. Distance does not affect the number of operators because multiple actors participate after the wholesale market node. |
| Abstract: | Nous explorons le rôle de la distance dans les systèmes d'approvisionnement alimentaire de l'agglomération de Rabat (Maroc) et les forces centrifuges expliquant la persistance de l'agriculture périurbaine. Nos données qualitatives et quantitatives montrent que, pour certains produits périssables, seule la proximité spatiale affecte les échanges avec la ville. La distance n'affecte pas le nombre d'opérateurs car de multiples acteurs interviennent après le nœud des marchés de gros. |
| Keywords: | food system,food security,distance,fresh fruits and vegetables,Rabat,Morocco,système de distribution alimentaire,sécurité alimentaire,fruits et légumes frais,Maroc |
| Date: | 2020–11–18 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03031867&r= |
| By: | Alain Jean-Marie (NEO - Network Engineering and Operations - CRISAM - Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée - Inria - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique); Tania Jimenez (LIA - Laboratoire Informatique d'Avignon - AU - Avignon Université - Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Informatique - CERI); Tidball Mabel (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | We introduce the family of Conjectural Learning procedures, in which agents form conjectures about what the opponent will play, as a function of their action or some state variable. We prove general properties of these procedures, comparing them to two dynamic systems generated by nearsighted agents solving repeatedly a static game, either cooperatively, or noncooperatively. We then specify three simple functional forms of conjectures and analyze the five resulting dynamic systems, in terms of steady states and convergence conditions. We next further specify these procedures to the case of a game of groundwater management, using a quadratic functional form for the profit function of agents. We obtain then explicit expressions for steady states and convergence conditions for the dynamic systems. Finally, we conduct numerical experiments in order to assess the "performance" of pairs of agents adopting each of the five behaviors. |
| Abstract: | Nous définissons une famille de procédures d'apprentissage conjectural, dans laquelle les agents formulent des conjectures au sujet de ce que l'adversaire va jouer, en fonction de leur propre action ou d'une variable d'état. Nous prouvons des propriétés générales de ces procédures, en les comparant aux deux systèmes dynamiques générés par des agents myopes qui résolvent à chaque étape un jeu statique, soit de façon coopérative, soit noncoopérative. Nous spécifions ensuite trois formes fonctionnelles simples pour les conjectures et nous analysons les cinq systèmes dynamiques ainsi définis, en termes d'états stationnaires et de conditions de convergence. Puis nous appliquons ces procédures pour un problème de gestion d'une nappe phréatique, en utilisant une forme fonctionnelle quadratique pour la fonction de profit des agents. Nous obtenons alors des formules explicites pour les états stationnaires et des conditions de convergence pour les systèmes dynamiques. Finalement, nous menons des expériences numériques afin d'évaluer les "performances" de paires d'agents qui adoptent chacun des cinq comportements. |
| Keywords: | Dynamic,Learning,Natural Resources Management,Game Theory,Théorie des Jeux,Dynamique,Apprentissage,Gestion de Ressources Naturelles |
| Date: | 2021–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03213518&r= |
| By: | Raphael Soubeyran (CEE-M - Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 - UM - Université de Montpellier - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - Montpellier SupAgro - Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier - Institut Agro - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes how pro-social motivations shape the relationship between incentives and inequality. I consider a principal who offers individual rewards to a group of agents to induce them to exert effort and to coordinate at least-cost. The agents value the payoffs of the other agents, and they are averse to inequality. My analysis highlights that pro-social motivations have an a priori ambiguous effect on inequality in the reward distribution. Despite this initial ambiguity, I show that the rewards are more unequal and lower when the agents have pro-social preferences. The model delivers empirical implications for intervention programs supporting the adoption of new health or agricultural technologies. |
| Keywords: | incentives,externality,principal,agents,coordination,pro-social preferences |
| Date: | 2021–04–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03212888&r= |
| By: | Dhingra, Swati; Tenreyro, Silvana |
| Abstract: | Crops are often modelled as homogenous products that are exchanged in perfectly competitive markets. While this may be true of world commodity markets, smallholder farmers face high trade barriers in selling their crops at home and abroad. Selling to agribusinesses with better intermediation technologies can enable smallholder farmers to overcome these barriers. This has provided a rationale for policies encouraging agribusinesses. We document the reliance of farmers on intermediaries and find that farmers selling to agribusinesses differ systematically from others. We incorporate these stylised facts into a flexible theoretical framework to study the aggregate and distributional consequences of the rise of agribusinesses. The rise of agribusinesses brings productivity gains to farmers, but it also skews the distribution of buyers of farm produce towards larger firms with greater buyer power. Taking the theory to data, we quantify behind-the-border barriers to trade embedded in a national policy which encouraged agribusiness participation. We combine this with microdata on household-crop incomes and find that the policy led to a reduction in incomes of small farmers. Losses were concentrated among farmers who sold to agribusinesses and in villages with a comparative advantage in policy-affected crops. On average, their incomes fell by 6 per cent with no offsetting gains in non-farm channels of income. Profit margins of agribusinesses specialised in policy-affected crops rose, in line with the theoretical channel. The findings contribute to the academic and policy debate on the impacts of integration and market power on the size and distribution of the welfare gains from trade. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness; intermediated trade; market power; Middlemen; oligopsony |
| JEL: | F1 F6 O1 Q1 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15942&r= |
| By: | Romain Espinosa (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR1 - Université de Rennes 1 - UNIV-RENNES - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Anis Nassar (University of Fribourg) |
| Abstract: | We propose and test a model of food policy acceptability. The model is structured in four levels: government, topic, policy, and individual. In this study, we focus on two levels that are actionable for policy-makers: the topic and policy levels. We assess nine factors using a first online survey with 600 UK nationals and replicate our results in a second survey with 588 participants. Our results suggest that three factors have a positive effect on acceptability at the topic level: awareness of the issue, the legitimacy of state intervention, and social norms. At the policy level, we report a positive effect of the policy's expected effectiveness, its appropriate targeting of consumers, and the perceived support of the majority. On the other hand, more coercive interventions and those generating inequalities are judged to be less acceptable. Additionally, we report an interaction between awareness and coerciveness on acceptability. Participants who are aware of the issue were more likely to support coercive policies. We also find evidence for a trade-off between coerciveness, effectiveness, and acceptability, as more coercive measures are considered more effective, but less acceptable by participants. Our findings offer policy-makers, nutrition experts, and advocates for healthier and more sustainable diets a new and integrated understanding of the underlying factors that determine food policy acceptability. |
| Keywords: | acceptability,food policy,survey |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-03210654&r= |
| By: | Tenzer, Constantin |
| Abstract: | The ecological and economic management of the fishery is a major issue. However, one reads contradic- tory discourses about it depending of the interest that animates it. Using mathematical models, I attempt to understand how to rationalize public policies in this multi-stakeholder area. It was a question of seeing, from mathematical models, how to optimize the fishery, that is to say, to allow fishermen and women to have maxi- mum gains while preserving the resource. We will see that these objectives are far from being incompatible and even go hand in hand. I study first with biological models, then with bio-economic models, a fishery where only one species is con- sidered exploited. I then propose models of exploitation of several species in trophic interaction by two differ- ent approaches: one with systems of coupled differential equations, the other by game theory with a stochastic epidemic model. We will be careful to formulate the assumptions and presuppositions of each model. We will also indicate possible improvements suggested by the literature. |
| Date: | 2021–04–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osf:osfxxx:gfney&r= |
| By: | Villas-Boas, Sofia B; Copfer, Jackie; Campbell, Nica |
| Keywords: | Social and Behavioral Sciences |
| Date: | 2021–05–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cdl:agrebk:qt0nv2n39w&r= |
| By: | Imre Fertõ (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies,Budapest, Hungary and Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary); László Á. Kóczy (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies,Budapest, Hungaryand Department of Finance, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary); Kovács Attila (Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Budapest, HungaryBudapest, Hungary); Balázs R. Sziklai (Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies,Budapest, Hungary and Department of Operations Research and Actuarial Sciences, Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary) |
| Abstract: | We aim to identify the most influential members of the Agricultural Committee of the European Parliament (COMAGRI). Unlike previous studies that were based on case studies or interviews with stakeholders, we analyse the voting power of MEPs using a spatial Banzhaf power index. We identify critical members: members whose votes are necessary to form winning coalitions. We found that rapporteurs, EP group coordinators and MEPs from countries with high relative Committee representations, such as Ireland, Poland or Romania are powerful actors. Italy emerges as the most influential member state, while France seems surprisingly weak. |
| Keywords: | European Parliament, Common Agricultural Policy, voting games, Banzhaf index, voting game over a convex geometry |
| JEL: | D71 D72 Q18 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:has:discpr:2114&r= |
| By: | Calvi, Rossella; Penglase, Jacob; Tommasi, Denni; Wolf, Alexander |
| Abstract: | In large families, individuals must share resources with many others, but may benefit from economies of scale. This paper studies individual consumption in different types of households, with a focus on family structures that are common in developing countries. Based on a collective household model, we develop a methodology to identify intra-household resource allocation and the extent of joint consumption. We apply our methodology using data from Bangladesh and Mexico and compute poverty rates for men, women, and children. Contrary to existing poverty calculations that ignore either intra-household inequality or economies of scale in consumption, ours account for both dimensions. |
| Keywords: | Barten scales; collective model; Household bargaining; indifference scales; poverty; resource shares; Scale Economies |
| JEL: | C31 D11 D12 D13 I32 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15924&r= |
| By: | Calvi, Rossella; Keskar, Ajinkya |
| Abstract: | We study the relationship between dowries - wealth transfers from the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage - and individual-level poverty in rural India. Based on the estimates of a collective household model, we show that the share of household consumption expenditure allocated to a woman is strongly associated with the dowry she paid at the time of her marriage. We compute poverty rates separately for women and men and find that women's poverty relative to men decreases with dowry. Moreover, women who paid dowries are less likely to be poor relative to women who did not, even when their households' consumption expenditures are the same. Our counterfactual policy analysis indicates that abolishing or reducing dowries (through anti-dowry laws or taxes, for example) may have the unintended effect of aggravating intra-household inequality and increasing women's risk of living in poverty after marriage. |
| Keywords: | collective model; dowry; India; intra-household inequality; poverty; resource shares |
| JEL: | D13 I32 J12 J16 |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15754&r= |
| By: | Caprettini, Bruno; Casaburi, Lorenzo; Venturini, Miriam |
| Abstract: | Governments often implement large-scale redistribution policies to gain enduring political support. However, little is known on whether such policies generate sizable gains, whether these gains are persistent, and why. We study the political consequences of a major land reform in Italy. A panel spatial regression discontinuity design shows that the reform generated large electoral gains for the incumbent Christian Democratic party, and similarly large losses for the Communist party. The electoral effects persist over four decades. Farmers' grassroots organizations and continued political investment in reform areas (i.e. fiscal transfers and public sector employment) are plausible mechanisms for this persistence. We find less support for other potential explanations, including migration, voters' beliefs, and patterns of economic development. |
| Keywords: | Italy; Land reform; redistribution; voting |
| JEL: | D72 N54 P16 Q15 |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:15679&r= |