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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2018‒12‒17
fifty-nine papers chosen by |
| By: | Garbero, A.; Songsermsawas, T. |
| Abstract: | Investments in irrigation systems have been shown to substantially improve farmers’ productivity, and thus alleviate poverty. This study provides an example of such an investment: the Participatory Small-Scale Irrigation Development Programme. The project institutionalized water user associations, developed small-scale irrigation schemes, and provided agricultural training activities to smallholder farmers in drought-prone and food-deficit areas in four regions of Ethiopia. Combining a primary household survey with geographical data, this work estimates the project impact on agricultural production and household expenditure using a novel identification strategy. Beneficiaries' gains include improved crop yields and greater diversity of crops cultivated. These gains have the potential to raise revenues and enable a switch from subsistence to purchasing more food from the market. The lessons learned from this study, by highlighting the need to focus on strengthening access to market, in conjunction with the irrigation infrastructural support, have the potential to improve the design and implementation of future small-scale irrigation projects. The added focus on access to markets would provide greater opportunities to projects beneficiaries by maximising farmers' improved productive capacity. |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Farm Management |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280080&r=agr |
| By: | M. Mehedi Hasan (Department of Economics, University of Rajshahi); Mohammad Alauddin (School of Economics, The University of Queensland); Md. Abdur Rashid Sarker (Department of Economics, University of Rajshahi); Mohammad Jakaria (cDepartment of Economics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University); Mahiuddin Alamgir (Bangladesh Centre for Advanced Studies (BCAS),) |
| Abstract: | Significant manifestations of adverse effects of climate change exist for crop agriculture throughout the developing word including Bangladesh. Despite wheat being the second most important staple crop, any rigorous analysis of its sensitivity to climate change remains a neglected area. This paper fills this gap by investigating wheat yield sensitivity to climate change over time and across climatic zones using 45-year panel data; and exploring policy implications for achieving SDG2 (food security) and SDG6 (sustainable water management) through expanded wheat cultivation. Average seasonal temperature and number of seasonal dry days trended upwards while rainfall (planting, flowering, harvesting) while bright sunshine trended downwards. Rise in average temperature, number of dry days, and relative humidity had adverse effects on wheat yield. Planting and flowering stage rainfall and sunnier weather conditions improved yield. Significant variations across regions and a positive time trend were evident implying technological progress. Strengthening institutional support systems, market accessibility, and science-driven climate change adaptation including generation and wider dissemination of drought tolerant wheat varieties, and enhancing farmers’ capacity to switch from rice to wheat constitute key areas of policy intervention. This will help ensure food security alongside sustainable water management. |
| Keywords: | Climate change, Wheat, Panel data, Food security; Sustainable water management Bangladesh |
| JEL: | C33 O13 Q54 |
| Date: | 2018–11–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qld:uq2004:599&r=agr |
| By: | Hsu, S.-H. |
| Abstract: | Abstract For understanding the distribution of food dollar which we pay for our expenditure and how much Taiwanese farmers will earn from food dollar in the value added agriculture of Taiwan, this paper examines, with a filter of U.S. ERS food dollar series, Taiwan s food dollar series, including marketing bill series, industry group series, and primary factor series using Input-Output accounts of Taiwan. For sustainable development in Taiwan, it is better to transform from traditional agriculture to value-added agriculture. Since enhancing the competitiveness of agriculture and pursuing inclusive growth, it would be necessary to pay attention to farmers value and consider both farmers and agricultural supply chain to implement the effective and comprehensive agricultural policy. JEL Classification Codes: D57, Q13, Q18 Keywords: Input-Output Table, Value-Added Agriculture, Agricultural Policy Acknowledgement : Financial support from National Science Council, R.O.C. is very much appreciated. |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277306&r=agr |
| By: | Thurlow, James; Randriamamonjy, Josee R; Benson, Todd |
| Abstract: | Value chain development is increasingly perceived as an important approach for agricultural development in developing countries. This paper uses a Rural Investment and Policy Analysis (RIAPA) model for the mainland Tanzania economy to identify the agricultural activities and value-chains whose expansion will be most effective at fostering economic development along four dimensions: generating economic growth in the agricultural-food sector of Tanzania; reducing national and rural poverty; generating employment; and improving nutrition by diversifying diets. The results of scenarios run through the model suggests that there is no single value-chain that can achieve all of the policy objectives. Instead, a more balanced portfolio of value-chains would not only enhance agriculture’s future contribution to poverty reduction and economic growth, but also promote faster rural transformation and dietary diversification, both of which are needed to create job opportunities and improve nutrition outcomes over the longer-term. The analysis suggests that vegetables, coffee, milk, cotton, nuts, and oilseeds should be considered as “priority” value-chains, because these are the most effective at achieving multiple policy objectives. Other value-chains that meet several of the development objectives considered include maize, fishing, wheat and barley, rice, cattle, and poultry and eggs. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis, Food Security and Poverty, International Development |
| Date: | 2018–07–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:miffrp:279854&r=agr |
| By: | Humphrey, J. |
| Abstract: | Current transformations in food consumption and food trade have allowed greatly increased food exports from developing countries and also shifted the composition of exports towards high-value foods that offer better opportunities for smallholder farmers to improve their livelihoods. Transformations in the domestic markets of developing countries are also changing the composition of food consumed and opening up opportunities there. Nevertheless, food safety crises and changing food safety requirements are widely considered as potentially limiting the opportunities for smallholder farmers to enter these expanding markets. In particular, a shift in food safety philosophy towards the introduction of risk-based preventive controls on farms appears to pose a threat to smallholder farmers by creating new requirements for knowledge about food safety, additional investment in equipment and food safety systems, and more intensive linkages between producers and the buyers of their products. Food safety challenges vary considerably across markets and across products. Markets – developed country export markets, regional markets and developing country domestic markets – are changing rapidly and present different opportunities and threats from food safety risks and also the controls introduced to contain them. The food products for which food safety challenges are most prominent are cereals and nuts susceptible to aflatoxin contamination, and high-value fresh products such as fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and dairy. The use of risk-based preventive controls to address challenges is being extended not only through the extension of border controls, but also through private standards and through domestic controls in developing countries and food importing countries. Increasingly, the pressure is for the food safety systems of exporting countries to demonstrate their capacities to offer levels of food safety protection equivalent to those achieved in destination markets. Responding to these food safety challenges involves developing country governments making strategic choices about establishing a range of domestic standards and facilitating the upgrading of capabilities by smallholder farmers and their inclusion into a range of different markets. With respect to enabling smallholder farmers to gain knowledge about new food safety requirements, invest in food safety systems and increase the confidence of buyers, the well-established mechanisms for supporting smallholder inclusion in markets can make a substantial contribution to limiting exclusion. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280049&r=agr |
| By: | Ciaian, P.; Guri, F.; Rajcaniova, M.; Drabik, D.; Gomez Y Paloma, S. |
| Abstract: | We analyze land fragmentation and its implications for production diversification in rural Albania. We find that land fragmentation stimulates significantly more diversification for households which use a larger proportion of agricultural production for self-consumption than for more market-oriented households. Our results indicate that the land fragmentation contributed to food security improvement by increasing the variety of on-farm produced foods for household self-consumption, thus ensuring a higher likelihood of meeting nutrient requirements that can promote good health of rural population in Albania. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277093&r=agr |
| By: | Rahman, A.; Mishra, S. |
| Abstract: | Livelihood diversification and greater non-farm income have been considered as useful mechanisms to propel growth, lower rural poverty and augment farm income in the developing countries. Little, however, is known about its im- plications for nutritional outcomes such as dietary diversity. This article con- tributes to the literature by investigating whether greater non-farm income helps in improving food consumption patterns and dietary diversity. Using a nationally representative panel data of rural India and an instrumental variable (IV) approach, we investigate this association and find that non-farm income increases expenditure on food products especially non-cereal prod- ucts, leading to greater household dietary diversity. This has crucial policy implications for nutrition transition and livelihood diversification, further contributing to the existing knowledge on agriculture-nutrition pathways. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277436&r=agr |
| By: | Kuijpers, R. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural commercialization is key to the rural development process. It is however poorly understood how commercialization affects the nutritional intake by members of the farm household. This paper studies this relationship using household-level panel data collected in Rwanda, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia. Controlling for household fixed effects, we find that the effect of commercialization on the diversity and nutritional adequacy of the farm household s diet is positive, negative, or zero, depending on the country and measure of dietary intake. We also find a large variation between countries when investigating the underlying mechanisms. Depending on the country, commercialization affects dietary intake via higher food expenditure, via the diversity of food produced by the farmer, or directly . Acknowledgement : The authors thank Ferko Bodn r, Joachim de Weerdt, Jo Swinnen, and Anita Bake for the valuable discussions and input. |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277083&r=agr |
| By: | Odenigbo, M. A.; Elabor-Idemudia, P.; Geda, N. R. |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to explore the influence of nutrition-sensitive interventions on dietary profiles of the beneficiaries of IFAD-funded projects. Drawing on a desk review of 37 IFAD funded projects in the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) region, the study used a cross sectional survey data from a purposive sample from selected countries where data collection was done (Kenya, Zambia, and Mozambique). The findings indicate that the development interventions have diverse nutritional impacts resulting from production related activities, ranging from training to the provision of inputs and services, including labour and energy- saving technologies. Moreover, results confirm that agricultural and rural development investments on food production and household income growth present many opportunities to positively influence dietary profiles of households. On the basis of these findings, the paper recommends the integration of existing and planned nutrition sensitive interventions targeting behavioural changes in consumption patterns of the nutritionally at-risk population. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280073&r=agr |
| By: | Nivievskyi, O. |
| Abstract: | In this paper we looked at how various tax incentives affected agricultural productivity growth in Ukraine. The empirical analysis was carried out using Ukraine-wide farm-level accounting data for an unbalanced panel of agricultural enterprises over the period 1995-2014. The results demonstrate that the impact of tax exemptions varies across different groups of agricultural producers and sectors. Overall, however, tax exemptions positively affect agricultural TFP growth, but they turned out to be very cost-inefficient instrument of stimulating TFP growth in agriculture. Also tax exemptions strongly undermined efficiency and productivity convergence in agriculture. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Productivity Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277498&r=agr |
| By: | Queiroz, P.; Silva, F.D.F.; Fulginiti, L. |
| Abstract: | How did technical change affect land use in Brazilian agriculture? We use data from the last two Agricultural Censuses of 1995/1996 and 2006 to answer this question for five different regions. We focus on the estimation of the Hicksian bias induced by technical change over this period and found that technical change was, in general, land-using. In the Southeast region, we found labor-saving behavior. Both results can be interpreted in light of the induced innovation hypothesis under Acemoglu s approach that allows testing when prices are not available. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277318&r=agr |
| By: | Animashaun, J. |
| Abstract: | Abstract We explore the contributory role of land assets in explaining the dynamics of gender-segregated rural households food expenditure in Bangladesh. We apply both panel random and fixed effect OLS and quantile regression models on segregated households data for the periods 1991 and 1998. Results offer useful insights on the dynamics and determinants of food security and conclude with policy recommendations for land reform that would recognise the vulnerable members of both genders headed households in rural areas Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277132&r=agr |
| By: | Van Passel, S.; Vanschoenwinkel, J.; Moretti, M. |
| Abstract: | Agricultural adaptation to climate change is indispensable. Unfortunately, most climate response modeling methods accounting for adaptation are based on economic modelling that assumes simple farm profit-maximization and autonomous farm adaptation. This makes adaptation look like something unconditional , explaining why agricultural policy down-sized the attention for adaptation. This is incorrect as adaptation is facing numerous barriers such as low levels of adaptive capacity. This paper therefore captures and quantifies the impact of adaptive capacity explicitly in economic cross-sectional models, showing that those methods can be more policy-oriented. It shows that higher levels of adaptive capacity lead to more positive climate responses. Acknowledgement : This paper was supported by the Horizon 2020 project SUFISA (Grant Agreement No. 635577). |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277059&r=agr |
| By: | Yi, F.; McCarl, B.; Zhou, X. |
| Abstract: | This study measures the damages that surface ozone pollution causes within the Chinese agricultural sector. We find substantial spatially differing damages that are greatest in wheat growing areas with higher ozone concentrations. The total damage in China s agricultural sector probably ranges between CNY 1,630 billion and CNY 2,238 billion, which accounts for one fifth of agricultural revenue in 2014. A moderate ozone reduction by 30% benefits the agricultural sector by CNY 678 billion. The benefits largely fall to consumers with producers losing as the production gains lead to lower prices lessening food costs and simultaneously farm income. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:276973&r=agr |
| By: | Spiegel, A.; Britz, W.; Finger, R. |
| Abstract: | We propose a novel approach to capture risk and risk aversion for agricultural technology adoption by integrating second order stochastic dominance in a farm-level model based on real options. We employ an illustrative case study of perennial energy crop adoption. In our example, we found that risk aversion leads to smaller and earlier adoption of a new technology; in contrast, higher subjective riskiness increases expected scale and first slow down and then accelerate adoption. Those effects would have been obscured if technology adoption would have been considered as standing-alone or as now-or-never decision. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277421&r=agr |
| By: | Garbero, A.; Marion, P. |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the impact of agricultural research, specifically improved maize seeds varieties, on agricultural productivity and welfare in Uganda using a three-wave panel survey. First, it looks at the determinants of technology adoption are examined in a dynamic setting that allows for state dependence, in the adoption decision process. The analysis shows that previous adoption is very important in explaining contemporary adoption. Then, it examines the impact of improved maize seeds adoption on welfare, notably consumption-expenditure, poverty, and agricultural outcomes such as yields. Findings show that the magnitude of impacts is fairly similar across the different models. Estimates for the daily per adult equivalent expenditure increased by a range of 5-16% as a result of agricultural technology (total agricultural production increased by a range of 5-13%) and the proportion poor set with the daily 2 US $PPP per capita poverty threshold decreased by a range of 4-12%. In addition, poverty reduction occurred through a rise in maize yields, where adoption of improved maize seeds increases the value of production and supports the achievement of poverty reduction outcomes. One major policy recommendation arising from this study is that extension services need to be better suited to address the volatility of the agricultural context where smallholders operate. Such extension support needs to be timely and tailored to the local context and the needs of rural smallholders in order to properly address their vulnerability and liquidity constraints, which prevent them from fully making a long-term profit from the substantial benefits of this technology. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280077&r=agr |
| By: | Winters, P.; Gitter, S.R.; Manley, J.; Bernstein, B. |
| Abstract: | Cash transfer and agricultural support programmes are both used to improve nutrition outcomes in developing countries. This paper examines previous reviews of the impact of these programmes and compares the evidence between the two. The paper finds that, although there are about the same number of programmes of each type, many more papers have been written about the cash transfer programmes than the agricultural programmes. While evidence suggests that both programme types improved the quality of food consumption, the paper concludes that both types show weak evidence of improvements in anthropometric outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance |
| Date: | 2017 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280056&r=agr |
| By: | Ray, M.; Maredia, M.; Shupp, R. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the role of individual risk preferences in the decision of a climate smart technology in two northern states of India. We conducted a household survey and a field experiment using real cash with Indian farmers to elicit their risk preferences, and used them to explain their adoption of laser land leveler. The analysis extended the measurement of risk preferences beyond the expected utility theory to incorporate prospect theory. We use duration analysis approach to model the time to adoption and find that risk averse farmers and farmers who overvalue smaller probabilities adopt his technology sooner than others. Acknowledgement : We are really thankful to strengthening Impact Assessment in the CGIAR and Michigan State University's Asian Study Center for thier generous funding for this study. |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/ Tech Change/Emerging Technologies |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277502&r=agr |
| By: | Hao Wang; Jan Fidrmuc; Qi Luo; Mingzhong Luo |
| Abstract: | While much research on China has focused on rural to urban migration and transitions of rural households away from agriculture, little is known about the changes within the rural agricultural sector. Yet, the agricultural sector continues to account for a large share of employment. We study the determinants of transitions from subsistence farming into either formal agricultural employment or agricultural self-employment. We pay particular attention to the role of capital endowments. We find that financial capital plays a relatively limited role, compared to natural, human, social and political capital. |
| Keywords: | on-farm transitions, rural household livelihood strategy, capital endowments, labor allocation |
| JEL: | D13 O18 Q10 Q12 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7306&r=agr |
| By: | Scoppola, M.; Raimondi, V. |
| Abstract: | The recent wave of Foreign Land Acquisitions (FLA) has raised several concerns in terms of their environmental and social sustainability. An unexplored issue is whether pollution-haven mechanisms are driving the world-wide location of agricultural production. This paper investigates whether and how differences in environmental stringency between investing and target country affect the pattern of FLA. We estimate a panel gravity- equation and use different indexes of ecosystem vitality to measure the environmental stringency. Our results show that differences in environmental stringency do affect both the number of contracts and the amount of the land acquired, overall confirming the existence of pollution-haven mechanisms also in agriculture, although the direction of these effects depends on the index of environmental stringency we use and on the characteristics of the target country. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277098&r=agr |
| By: | Okonogi, S.; Takeshi, S. |
| Abstract: | In recent years, sales of commercial nutritionally enhanced complementary food are very common land scape in developing countries. However, whether this phenomenon can improve child nutrition or not is ambiguous. This study explore the impact of appearance of new commercial supplementary food product on child nutrition by means of randomized sales experiment. We use definitely new product for impact evaluation of market based approach. Therefore we can evaluate the impact of appearance and prevalence of the commercial product. The results shows there are heterogeneous impact of the product. The consumption of the product has statistically significant and positive impacts on child weight only for initially less-weighted children, but not for initially well-weighted children. Our results show the market based approach is effective way for improvement of child nutrition in Ghana. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277368&r=agr |
| By: | Huang, K. |
| Abstract: | Although climate change may severely impact agriculture, farmers can mitigate it by adapting to their new climates. Using US data, we estimate the amount of potential loss in agricultural profits, due to climate change, that can be reduced by agricultural adaptation. We propose two panel frameworks that differ only in their fixed effects specifications, where this difference allows us to estimate the climate change impact on agricultural profits with or without adaptation taken into account. Comparing these estimates, we find that adaptation has the potential to offset about two-thirds of the end-of-this-century loss in agricultural profits potentially resulting from climate chang Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277238&r=agr |
| By: | Roger Martini (OECD); James Innes (OECD) |
| Abstract: | The effects of six common forms of fisheries support are estimated using a bioeconomic model of the global fishery. The results show that all have the potential to provoke overfishing, to lead to fish stocks being overfished, to encourage illegal, unreported or unregulated (IUU) fishing and to increase fleet capacity, but that their effects can vary significantly both in scale and how they are distributed at the fleet level. The fisheries management system can mitigate, though not entirely eliminate, these impacts. Supports based on reducing the cost of inputs purchased by fishers provoke the greatest increase in fishing effort, with associated risks of overfishing. This includes fuel subsidies, which are also shown to deliver less than 10% of their value in actual benefits to fishers in some cases, making them the least effective means of transferring income to fishers of those evaluated. Payments based on improving fishers’ business operations provided the greatest benefit to fishers and had relatively less tendency to increase fishing effort. If only USD 5 billion in fuel support was converted into support of this type, fishers would see increased income of more than USD 2 billion, while at the same time reducing effort and improving fish stocks. Such a change would also provide relatively more benefit to smaller fishers. |
| Keywords: | fisher welfare, fisheries policy, Fisheries support, overcapacity, overfishing, subsidies |
| JEL: | H23 H53 Q22 Q28 Q57 |
| Date: | 2018–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:agraaa:115-en&r=agr |
| By: | Holden, S.T.; Quiggin, J. |
| Abstract: | Limited use of fertilizer by African farmers has been a major source of policy concern in Africa. This study assesses the fertilizer adoption responses of food insecure farmers in Malawi. A field experiment, eliciting risk attitudes of farmers, is combined with a detailed farm household survey. A state-contingent production model with rank-dependent utility preferences is estimated. Over-weighting of small probabilities was associated with less use of fertilizer on all maize types and particularly so on the more risky improved maize types. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277355&r=agr |
| By: | Gert Peersman |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the causal effects of shifts in international food commodity prices on euro area inflation dynamics using a structural VAR model that is identified with an external instrument (i.e. a series of global harvest shocks). The results reveal that exogenous food commodity price shocks have a strong impact on consumer prices, explaining on average 25%- 30% of inflation volatility. In addition, large autonomous swings in international food prices contributed significantly to the twin puzzle of missing disinflation and missing inflation in the era after the Great Recession. Specifically, without disruptions in global food markets, inflation in the euro area would have been 0.2%-0.8% lower in the period 2009-2012 and 0.5%-1.0% higher in 2014-2015. An analysis of the transmission mechanism shows that international food price shocks have an impact on food retail prices through the food production chain, but also trigger indirect effects via rising inflation expectations and a depreciation of the euro. |
| Keywords: | food commodity prices, inflation, twin puzzle, euro area, SVAR-IV |
| JEL: | E31 E52 Q17 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_7338&r=agr |
| By: | Oded Galor; Viacheslav Savitskiy |
| Abstract: | This research explores the origins of loss aversion and the variation in its prevalence across regions, nations and ethnic group. It advances the hypothesis and establishes empirically that the evolution of loss aversion in the course of human history can be traced to the adaptation of humans to the asymmetric effects of climatic shocks on reproductive success during the epoch in which subsistence consumption was a binding constraint. Exploiting regional variations in the vulnerability to climatic shocks and their exogenous changes in the course of the Columbian Exchange, the research establishes that consistent with the predictions of the theory, individuals and ethnic groups that are originated in regions marked by greater climatic volatility have higher predisposition towards loss-neutrality, while descendants of regions in which climatic conditions tended to be spatially correlated, and thus shocks were aggregate in nature, are characterized by greater intensity of loss aversion. |
| JEL: | D81 D91 Z10 |
| Date: | 2018–11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:25273&r=agr |
| By: | Bosc, P.-M. |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the conditions for collective action to generate inclusion when agriculture transforms. The analysis finds that changes related to agricultural transformation have often led to urban migration for those rural and agricultural populations that could not cope with “modernization.” In the coming decades, agricultural transformation in rural areas may lead to more varied responses such as new farming patterns including more labour and thus require a broader diversity of collective action. Based on a range of theoretical and empirical references, the analysis proposes a framework that goes beyond sector-oriented perspectives, linking several interconnected domains where collective action can contribute towards inclusion. The paper also explores how to operationalize this collective action framework. It concludes that at stake is the ability of research and policymaking to support initiatives that cut across sectoral frontiers, favour interactions that open local people up to new ideas and beliefs, and look to bridge gaps in social status and between local and global thinking. |
| Keywords: | Farm Management |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280078&r=agr |
| By: | Garrone, M.; Olper, A.; Emmers, D.; Swinnen, J. |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between agricultural subsidies and the outflow of labor from agriculture. We use new and more representative subsidy indicators than have been used before and panel data from 215 EU regions over the period 2004-2014. The data allow to correct better for sample selection bias than previous empirical studies. We find that, on average, CAP subsidies reduce the outflow of labor from agriculture, but the effect is entirely due to decoupled payments and rural development payments. Coupled payments have no impact on reducing labor outflow from agriculture, i.e. on preserving farm employment. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277489&r=agr |
| By: | Wahl, T.; Seale, J.; Bai, J. |
| Abstract: | Food safety incidents in China have ignited demand for safer food and increased regulation of food products. Reports of sales of adulterated pork, beef, wine, etc. have increased concern over food safety. What do consumers perceive determines the safety of their food? Do consumers perceive that food purchased at large supermarkets is safer than that from traditional wet markets? Do they trust their ability to evaluate the appearance of products? Does government certification of safety matter? Do certain brands elicit trust in the safety of their products? Does an expiration date on the product matter? In this paper, we analyze how consumers determine the safety of meat, milk, fruit, vegetables, and juice products and how these determinants vary with economic and demographic variables. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277327&r=agr |
| By: | Gusha, B.; Palmer, A.R.; Villano, R.A. |
| Abstract: | This paper assesses the performance of households engaged in livestock production in the north-Eastern Cape communal areas of South Africa. Using a survey data from 120 households from Mgwalana and Mahlungulu village collected in 2015 and 2016, a stochastic frontier model is used to estimate technical efficiency scores and evaluate its determinants among households in a communal production environment where rangelands are the cheapest source of fodder for livestock. The findings of the study revealed that householdsHousehold is referred to people living as a family under one dwelling/house and are regarded as a unit Acknowledgement : Funding for this research was provided by the Water Research Commision and Agricultural Research Council. |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277555&r=agr |
| By: | Gallacher, M.; Lema, D. |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the returns to managerial ability and his role in determining efficiency in Argentina dairy farms. Using an unbalanced panel data from 2003 through 2009 we estimate production frontiers and technical efficiency effects. Most studies analyzing the impact of human capital in agriculture use the measure of years of schooling of the producer as a proxy for decision-making skills. An alternative measure is used in this paper. The measure was derived by grading decision-making and execution skills of the farmers. Grades were assigned by farm advisors knowledgeable of each farm and producer characteristics. Assigned grades were then used in the production frontiers as inputs to estimate the impact of management skills on firm-level results. A very significant impact of these skills on firm results and on technical efficiency and was found. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Livestock Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277323&r=agr |
| By: | Hobbs, J. |
| Abstract: | The paper examines how Transaction Cost Economics can shed light on a series of institutional and organizational questions in the agri-food sector through an examination of three questions. Why have economies in transition grown at different rates, and why have some been more successful at transition to a market economy than others? Why do different modes of supply chain governance emerge in agri-food supply chains? Why do public and private standards for food safety and quality co-exist? The contribution of a transaction cost lens to each of these questions is examined, drawing upon insights from the literature. Empirical challenges and opportunities are discussed. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Industrial Organization |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277411&r=agr |
| By: | Riera, O.; Minten, B. |
| Abstract: | Despite the widespread belief on the importance of increasing access to information technology - and especially mobile phones - on agricultural market performance in developing countries, there is relatively little solid empirical evidence. Exploiting unique data on wholesale prices and on the spatial and temporal roll-out of mobile phone towers in Ethiopia, we analyze the impact of mobile phone coverage on price dispersion between major cereal markets in the country. We find no signicant impact and link this lack of impact of IT (mobile phones) on agricultural market performance to availability of market information before mobile phones' take-o, to the need for visual inspection of produce because of lack of grades and standards, to and easy storability of cereals. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277107&r=agr |
| By: | May, D.; McCorriston, S. |
| Abstract: | Most trade in food and agricultural products involves processed food. We take this observation as our starting point to address why trade in food and agricultural products has been difficult to achieve. Drawing on recent developments in the theory of networks, we allow for the role of intermediaries with potential market power and where the bias of trade policy may reflect special interests. We draw on recent developments in the theory of networks to show that global free trade in food and agricultural markets is unlikely when there are countries occupying a central position in the network independently of any policy bias. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277262&r=agr |
| By: | Latruffe, L.; Dakpo, K.H.; Desjeux, Y.; Jeanneaux, P. |
| Abstract: | We assess total factor productivity (TFP) change and its components technological change and efficiency change in French agriculture during 2002-2014 with a novel approach. We use the economically-ideal F re-Primont index which allows for multi-temporal/lateral comparisons. To compare the technology gap change between six types of farming, we provide the first extension of the F re-Primont index to the meta-frontier framework. Results indicate that all types of farming farms had TFP progress. Beef farms had the highest increase in TFP change and efficiency change. The metafrontier analysis indicates that field crop farms technology was the most productive. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277369&r=agr |
| By: | Imai, K.S.; Gaiha, R.; Garbero, A. |
| Abstract: | Based on cross-country panel datasets, we find that (i) an increase in population share in agriculture is associated with poverty reduction once the longer-term poverty change or dynamic is taken into account; (ii) the rural non-agricultural sector also is poverty-reducing in some cases; and (iii) increased population in the megacities has no role in poverty reduction. In fact, the growth of the populations in megacities increases poverty in a few cases. Given that rapid population growth or rural-urban migration is likely to increase poverty, more emphasis should be placed on policies that enhance support for rural agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. If our analysis has any validity, doubts are raised about recent research that emphasizes the role of secondary towns and urbanization as the main drivers to reduce extreme poverty. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280071&r=agr |
| By: | Feldstein, Sasha; Barham, James |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Food Security and Poverty |
| Date: | 2017–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:urdvsr:280773&r=agr |
| By: | de la Peña, I.; Garrett, J.; Gelli, A. |
| Abstract: | This paper addresses an important gap regarding the systematic knowledge and evidence on how value chains can contribute to nutrition, while remaining financially viable and inclusive of smallholder farmers. It does so by reviewing the literature on linkages between value chains and nutrition from a smallholder perspective, and presenting an analytical framework for the development of nutrition-sensitive value chains. The review identified multiple interventions that can serve the goals of income generation and nutrition improvement of smallholders, while also contributing to environmental sustainability and gender empowerment. But trade-offs exist too. By applying a nutrition lens to the different stages of the value chain, challenges and opportunities across these dimensions can be identified to promote development of nutrition-sensitive value chains. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280079&r=agr |
| By: | Heckelei, T.; Amrouk, E.M.; Grosche, S. |
| Abstract: | This study examines the price level and volatility interaction between international staple food and cash crop futures price indices. Understanding the relationship between these commodities bears significant implication for net food importing developing countries that depend on cash crop to finance food import bills. We use a wavelet analysis to decompose and denoise the price indices and then apply a BEKK-MGARCH approach to analyze the relationship across time-frequency domains. Results indicate the level of correlation and volatility linkages are strongest at lower frequencies (i.e. longer run), with markets adjusting quickly to volatility shocks after a high initial impact. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Demand and Price Analysis |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277376&r=agr |
| By: | Mario F. Carillo (Università di Napoli Federico II and CSEF) |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the effect of agricultural policies on industrialization and economic development over the long run. I analyze the differential effect of the Battle for Grain, implemented by the Italian Fascist regime to achieve self-sufficiency in wheat production, on the development path across areas of Italy. Employing time variation, along with cross-sectional variation in the suitability of land for implementing the advanced wheat production technologies, I find that the policy had unintended positive effects on industrialization and economic prosperity which have persisted until the present day. Furthermore, I find that the positive effect of the Battle for Grain on human capital accumulation was instrumental in this process, suggesting that the complementarity between human capital and agricultural technology may be a critical mechanism through which agricultural productivity may enhance the development of non-agricultural sectors. |
| Keywords: | Economic Growth; Agricultural Policy; Human Capital |
| Date: | 2018–12–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:sef:csefwp:518&r=agr |
| By: | Finger, R.; Hirsch, S.; Lanter, D. |
| Abstract: | This article investigates the drivers and the persistence of firm profits in EU food retailing thereby generating insights for the derivation of managerial strategies as well as antitrust policies in this highly dynamic sector. Using a dynamic panel model, a sample of 13,256 food retailers from five EU countries France, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK is analyzed over the period 2006 to 2014. Our findings indicate that profits in food retailing are more persistent than in other retail sectors presumably caused by high bargaining power towards processors and entry barriers that lead to less pronounced competition. The results also show that profits are influenced by firm- and industry-specific characteristics. While industry concentration and firm size positively influence profitability, firm age and financial risk tend to have a negative impact. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277105&r=agr |
| By: | Zamani, O.; Bittmann, T.; Loy, J.-P. |
| Abstract: | This article examines cost pass-through and pricing behavior for fresh poultry meat during periods of peak demand. The analysis is conducted on weekly poultry wholesale-retail price data collected in all provinces of Iran from 2010 to 2016. Two traditional festivals are identified as periods of peak demand. We use a panel co-integration framework to estimate pass-through elasticity and speed of adjustment during peak and off-peak periods. We find that wholesale and retail prices increase during these periods, while retail margins decline. We interpret these findings as increased retail competition during periods of peak demand. Moreover, our findings confirm a more sluggish price adjustment during these periods. Acknowledgement : This research was supported by Kiel University funding. |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277490&r=agr |
| By: | Utami, A.; Brummer, B. |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at analyzing the effect of regional trade quota policy to the market integration in the Indonesian beef industry which combines both vertical and spatial analysis. A panel co-integration approach was employed using monthly data covering nine producer areas and 18 consumer areas during 2008 until 2014. The degree of market integration was analyzed by applying a panel heterogeneous model developed by Pesaran-Shin and Smith (1999) from 117 trade pairs. The results found that the quota policy has a significant effect in the adjustment process between prices along the supply chain in the whole trade pairs. The study also confirmed the significant effects of several other variables representing the trade cost, and the degree of self-sufficiency rate in explaining the transmission of prices. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277312&r=agr |
| By: | Gebrekidan, B.H. |
| Abstract: | Modeling farmers intensication decision requires a model that considers the dependencies between the perceived influences and their choices of intensication pathways, accounting uncertainties at the same time. A combination of data-driven Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) and Regression Tree is proposed in this paper. Data from 304 rural households in Kilombero Valley Floodplain in Tanzania is used to learn the structure and parameter of the model. The resulting BBN is able to drive the probabilities of intensication choices conditional on key market, biophysical and socio-economic characteristics of farm households. Acknowledgement : This research was conducted under the GlobE Wetlands project, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ: 031A250 A-H), with additional funding provided by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. |
| Keywords: | Research Methods/ Statistical Methods |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277081&r=agr |
| By: | Ding, J.; Jia, X.; Huo, X.; Moustier, P. |
| Abstract: | Are public and private standards affecting farmer knowledge and moving farm practices toward food safety and environmental sustainability in China? We surveyed a total of 355 apple farmers, involved in chains supplying a diversity of retailing points, including supermarkets. Using a multivariate regression model, we find no measurable evidence that the certification schemes of farm bases and agribusiness companies lead to improved apple growers knowledge regarding pest and disease management. The observed behavioral changes are mainly prompted by delegated decision-making towards leaders of farm bases, which raises questions on the long-term changes in farmers practices and on the fundamental values and ethics of China s agrofood system that is governed through the standards. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277444&r=agr |
| By: | Grumiller, Jan; Grohs, Hannes; Raza, Werner; Staritz, Cornelia; Tröster, Bernhard |
| Abstract: | This policy note presents policy recommendations for a sustainable development strategy for the Tunisian olive oil sector in the context of the ongoing negotiations on the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA) between Tunisia and the EU. Against the backdrop of increasing local value added and ecological constraints, a sector development strategy should primarily focus on exploiting functional and product upgrading potentials in the EU and other end markets instead of increasing low value bulk exports. |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:oefsep:262018&r=agr |
| By: | Piedrahita, N.; Hailu, G. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the relationship between productivity and export market participation of Canadian food processing plants using a plant-level panel dataset. We find that exporters are more productive than non-exporters, and have higher productivity growth prior to entering export markets. However, we find that plants do not experience higher productivity growth after entering export markets. The results have implications for policies targeted at enhancing R&D and innovation policy and lessening border restrictions, and the role of international trade openness. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277322&r=agr |
| By: | Abayateye, F.; Skolrud, T.; Galinato, G. |
| Abstract: | To understand the likely impact of federal policies on nonpoint agricultural water pollution, we require a robust measure of state-level environmental regulation stringency. The objective of this paper is to derive and characterize state level environmental regulation stringency across states and over time. We compute a measure of environmental regulation stringency for the agricultural sector from 1960-2004 by calculating the shadow price of polluting inputs. We find evidence suggesting an increase in regulation stringency across all regions over the sample period, with the exception of the corn belt region, which has decreased in stringency. With few exceptions, regions of the U.S. with the highest proportion of farms see the lowest levels of regulation stringency. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277138&r=agr |
| By: | Wimmer, S.; Sauer, J. |
| Abstract: | This article is concerned with the measurement of productivity and profitability in sugar beet farming. Following the 2006 announcement to abolish the EU sugar quota in 2017, a reallocation of beet production has been observed. We empirically test to what extent the reallocation contributed to productivity growth in the sector using German farm accountancy data. We find that the importance of productivity differences across farms in determining resource allocation is low, but the relative importance compared to profitability differences has been increased after the announcement. The results further indicate that reallocation is hampered by the capital structure of the sugar factories: the contribution of resource reallocation towards sector productivity growth is larger in catchment areas of private sugar companies compared to companies that are owned by farmers who hold secure delivery rights. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Marketing |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277377&r=agr |
| By: | Cui, X. |
| Abstract: | Recent studies of climate change impacts on agriculture have predominantly focused on crop yields. However, climate change has heterogeneous effects across crops, so growers can adapt to climate change by adjusting planted acres. This paper measures how corn and soybean planted acres have responded to climate change in the United States since 1980. A county-level panel is formed with agricultural and high-resolution climatological data. To identify long-run effects of climate change, a rolling-panel approach is used, in which annual climatic variables are constructed by averaging growing-season temperature and precipitation over the past 30 years. Planted acres of corn and soybeans are positively affected by increases in temperature and precipitation in cool and dry areas, but negatively affected in warm and moist areas. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277094&r=agr |
| By: | Briones, M.R. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the transformation and diversification of the rural economy in Asia, focusing on the role and importance of the rural non-farm economy and employment in economic transformation and related diversification of employment and income opportunities for rural communities. Looking at the linkages across sectors (agriculture and others) and across regions (urban and rural), the paper stresses the role of agriculture and urban centers as key drivers of the rural non-farm economy. It considers strategic directions to be pursued to leverage diversification opportunities for rural economies to reduce rural poverty and inequality. |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280069&r=agr |
| By: | Awondo, S.; Datta, G. |
| Abstract: | This study investigated the performance of Actual Production History (APH), a farm level crop insurance plan, vis- a-vis Area Yield Production (AYP), an area level crop insurance, as a farm risk management tool. We estimated actuarially fair premiums and trigger probabilities under both plans using a two-step hierarchical Bayes small area estimator. Certainty equivalent revenues based on a risk averse utility function were derived under three insurance choice scenario (APH, AYP, no insurance) with and without actual Federal subsidies. Finally, we derived the performance of each alternative plan with regards to the other following a pair-wise comparison of certainty equivalent revenues. Results suggest that unobserved factors other than basis risk and farmers risk preference drive preferences for crop insurance contracts. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Risk and Uncertainty |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277265&r=agr |
| By: | Gong, B. |
| Abstract: | This article aims to evaluate the effects of multi-dimensional interstate competitions on agricultural production, which is achieved using spatial econometrics and model averaging methods. Using panel data, this article finds that interstate agricultural competition ought to be encouraged in the United States due to their positive impacts on spillovers and productivity but should be discouraged in China as it leads to negative spillovers and a decrease in productivity. U.S. agriculture enjoys the benefits of competition thanks to agricultural industrialization and a competitive market, whereas the planned system with government interference found in China has benefits as well as detriments. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277462&r=agr |
| By: | Algieri, Bernardina |
| Abstract: | The present study examines the dynamics and regulatory regimes of commodity derivatives markets through time. The historical perspective allows to identify the reasons behind the use of derivatives and the impact of changing rules on financial systems. It further permits to highlight the weaknesses and the strengths of derivatives markets and provides valuable lessons to tackle challenges, replicate practices, and prevent failures. The analysis shows that derivatives markets have a long history and have facilitated trading across time and geographical areas. The results of a quasi-experiment conducted for Japan and the US reveal that commodity price fluctuations were higher before the establishment of futures markets. The analysis further indicates that the unprecedented inflow of liquidity in derivatives markets was mainly facilitated by the deregulation policies adopted in the US, EU and elsewhere and was intensified by an increasing interest of investors in alternative asset classes. In the new millennium many product innovations flooded the market, reducing transparency and increasing market uncertainty. The study indicates that improved data quality and quantity are necessary conditions to enhance the understanding of derivatives markets. In addition, a sound legal and financial system is a must for thriving financial markets. Such a system creates a framework of checks and balances for the market, it contributes significantly to meaningful regulations and vibrant policies and helps to prevent or eradicate market manipulations. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Financial Economics, Institutional and Behavioral Economics |
| Date: | 2018–12–14 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:281139&r=agr |
| By: | Németh-Durkó, Emilia |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the relationship between environmental degradation (measured by the ratio of carbon dioxide emissions), economic growth and energy consumption in case of Hungary over the period of 1990-2014 by annual data. To ascertain the integrating properties of the variables, the Zivot-Andrews unit root test was employed. The ARDL bounds testing approach and Gregory-Hansen structural break test have been adopted to test the relationship between the variables in the presence of structural break. Structural breaks occurred in the first half of the 2000s in the series of carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption, while economic growth has a structural break in the middle of 1990s. My research shows that carbon dioxide emissions are influenced in several ways by the above-mentioned factors. The impact of energy consumption is time variant on carbon dioxide emissions and statistically significant in the short and long term. One-year delay, increasing in energy consumption results decline in carbon dioxide emissions while increasing in level of energy consumption is linked with increases in economic growth. The economic growth also has an important role in carbon dioxide emissions. Its increasing contributes to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in the short and long run. It is concluded that economic growth and energy consumption are in the background of the air quality and economic growth mitigates carbon dioxide emissions. |
| Keywords: | cointegration, energy, economic growth, ARDL bounds test |
| JEL: | O13 O40 Q54 Q56 |
| Date: | 2018–11–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cvh:coecwp:2018/07&r=agr |
| By: | Wiggins, S. |
| Abstract: | This paper is a guide to current debates about agricultural development. It analyses the changes in development approaches and thinking in recent decades and explores today's critical issues in agricultural and rural development policy. With the main focus on Africa, the paper also includes insights from Asia and Latin America. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy |
| Date: | 2016–11–30 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unadrs:280035&r=agr |
| By: | Nils Ohlendorf; Michael Jakob; Jan Christoph Minx; Carsten Schröder; Jan Christoph Steckel |
| Abstract: | Understanding the distributional impacts of market-based climate policies is crucial to design economically efficient climate change mitigation policies that are socially acceptable and avoid adverse impacts on the poor. Empirical studies that examine the distributional impacts of carbon pricing and fossil fuel subsidy reforms in different countries arrive at ambiguous results. To systematically determine the sources of variation between these outcomes, we apply an ordered probit meta-analysis framework. Based on a comprehensive, systematic and transparent screening of the literature, our sample comprises 53 empirical studies containing 183 effects in 39 countries. Results indicate a significantly increased likelihood of progressive distributional outcomes for studies on lower income countries and transport sector policies. The same applies to study designs that consider indirect effects, behavioral adjustments of consumers or lifetime income proxies. Future research on different types of revenue recycling schemes and lower income countries would further contribute to the literature. |
| Keywords: | Meta-analysis, Environmental policies, Distributional impacts, Inequality, Climate change mitigation, Households, Environmental taxes, Redistribution, Poverty |
| JEL: | H23 Q52 Q58 |
| Date: | 2018 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwwpp:dp1776&r=agr |
| By: | De Marchi, E.; Cavaliere, A.; Banterle, A. |
| Abstract: | This paper aims at exploring consumers choice behavior for cisgenic vs conventional food alternatives focusing on how consumers process product attributes when the choice context involves cisgenic alternatives, and investigates the role of individual time preference in affecting choice behavior. The analysis is based on a Choice Experiment involving Attribute Non-Attendance and time preference is elicited through the Consideration of Future Consequences scale. The main results indicate that more than half of the sample population ignores the technology of production attribute while jointly considering the other product alternatives and stress the importance of time preferences in explaining heterogeneity in choice behavior. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277393&r=agr |
| By: | Zhao, Y.; Hu, R.; Deng, H. |
| Abstract: | This paper examines Chinese public attitudes toward GM labeling and evaluate the impact of public confidence in government management of GM food labeling on their attitudes. We collected data from 1730 respondents in 2015-16, including consumer, farmer, media and agricultural official in relevant agricultural department. The results show that different groups of people have different attitudes toward GM food labeling, and those who are more familiar with GMOs or who trust the government are more positive. They have different attitudes toward different ways of labeling as well. Most respondents prefer foods without labeling and foods labeled no GM ingredients. Our findings may contribute to provide a basis for GM food labeling policy establishment and promote development of GM foods in China. Acknowledgement : |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics |
| Date: | 2018–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:iaae18:277344&r=agr |