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on Agricultural Economics |
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Issue of 2016‒06‒25
58 papers chosen by |
| By: | Roel Jongeneel; Nico Polman; G. Cornelis van Kooten |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we develop a theoretical model for identifying the appropriate welfare measures associated with the positive and negative externalities of agricultural production. Implications of methodological assumptions are discussed, and the model is then used to estimate the costs and benefits associated with the negative and positive externalities of the Dutch agricultural sector. Efforts are made to cross-validate cost estimates empirically, and we also estimate the value of the non-commodity outputs that Dutch farmers provide. The non-market costs and benefits attributable to farming are then set against the value-added of the agricultural sector as a whole. Total value-added benefits are estimated to be €10,604 million a year. The external annual costs are calculated to be €1,868 million, significantly greater than estimated external gross benefits of €263 million, but much less than value added. Using all available information, total average annual net benefits from agriculture in the Netherlands are estimated to be €8,736 million per year for the period 2005 to 2012. Nonetheless, net external costs are equivalent to €849 per ha of arable, horticultural and pasture land, and are high relative to estimates found for other countries. |
| Keywords: | environmental spillovers; applied welfare measurement; agricultural externalities; agricultural value added; non-agricultural commodities |
| JEL: | D61 Q15 Q18 Q51 Q57 R11 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rep:wpaper:2016-04&r=agr |
| By: | Tocco, Barbara; Davidova, Sophia; Bailey, Alastair |
| Abstract: | This paper explores the phenomenon of part-time farming, which is a typical feature in the EU and particularly in Italy, often associated with pluriactivity and small-scale farming. With the aim of improving current understanding on agricultural employment decisions, this study investigates the drivers of farm holders’ on-farm labour supply and tests for labour allocation differences based on the size of the farm. Since the definition of ‘small farm’ is arbitrary, this study explores different criteria taking into account the farm type and the utilised agricultural area. A random effects ordered probit is employed on a balanced panel for the period 2003-2009, using micro-data from the Italian Agricultural Business Survey (REA). The findings indicate significant differences in labour market responses between small and large farms, highlighting the diverse farm structures, incentives and business requirements. Pluriactivity and market integration are found to be important drivers of on-farm labour supply and are fundamental for the stabilisation of incomes of small farmers. The empirical results support the policy claim that for smaller farmers rural development policies which encourage diversification activities and support commercialisation are much more important than farm subsidies. |
| Keywords: | Part-time farming, labour allocation, farm size, Italy, Farm Management, D13, J22, J43, Q12, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236291&r=agr |
| By: | Loughrey, Jason; Donnellan, Trevor; Lennon, John |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we seek to identify spatial clusters of farmland size inequality across Western Europe and to discuss the implications for the future of agriculture and agricultural policy reform in the region. We utilise Eurostat data to estimate the degree of inequality in farmland size at the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) 2 level. We utilise geographical information systems software to illustrate the spatial distribution of farm size inequality and conduct exploratory spatial data analysis techniques to identify spatial dependence between neighbouring NUTS 2 regions. The findings show that there are clusters of low inequality in the countries of Northern Europe and clusters with high inequality in much of Southern Europe. The highlands of Scotland are a notable exception to the general trend in Northern Europe. The variation in farmland size is a key determinant in the distribution of farm income. In combination with high farmland prices and sparse land rental opportunities, a highly unequal farm size distribution can militate against the progress of new-entrant farmers and small farmers wishing to expand their production and increase their farm incomes. A highly unequal farm size distribution can therefore grant an elevated importance to land inheritance as a determinant of relative economic success at the farm level. |
| Keywords: | Farm Size, Inequality, Western Europe, Spatial Autocorrelation, Agricultural and Food Policy, C21, D31, 013, Q12, Q15, R58, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236341&r=agr |
| By: | Anais Maillet |
| Abstract: | Among other factors, food markets volatility has been explained by variations in production originating either in exogenous shocks affecting crops or in errors in anticipations due to non-rational expectations. We propose an alternative source of variations based on acreage decisions from rational farmers subject to imperfect information on shocks. Depending on the type of shock, more precise information does not necessarily reduce food price volatility. With a shock on input prices for example, the price is only indirectly affected by the shock through aggregate supply. In that case better information increases production and price volatility. However if the price is also directly affected by the shock then the effect of information can be reversed. With a global production or demand shock, we show that more information reduces price volatility, which implies that forecasts about climate, pests, diets, biofuel policies, etc. can help preventing excessive food price variations. |
| JEL: | F13 I38 Q11 Q17 Q18 |
| Date: | 2015–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fsc:fstech:8&r=agr |
| By: | Alexandros SARRIS (University of Athens) |
| Abstract: | The process of agricultural transformation is discussed, and the role of agriculture in both growth and poverty reduction is reviewed. The finance needs for agricultural development in low income food insecure countries is discussed, and the public and other official flows to agricultural development reviewed. It is seen that the monetary flows into agriculture have been grossly inadequate, compared to needs. The situation of smallholders is reviewed, and their financing needs are explored. It is indicated that the current finance flows to smallholders are less than 5 percent of perceived needs. A variety of institutional methods and models for increasing agricultural smallholder finance are then reviewed and assessed. |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fdi:wpaper:2929&r=agr |
| By: | Smith, David |
| Abstract: | Due in part to concerns over energy security and the environmental impacts of fossil fuels, recent United States energy policy has included provisions to promote renewable energy. The Energy Policy Act includes provisions for advanced biofuels from cellulosic biomass. Perennial bioenergy crops such as perennial grasses and woody crops are an alternative source of feedstock for biofuel with lower environmental impacts than their annual counterparts. Previous work has shown that, when perennial grasses are financially competitive with a farmer’s current crops, a majority of farmers will produce perennial grasses but only on a small portion of their land. One potential explanation for this is the risk posed by growing a new crop and selling it into a new emerging market. Therefore this study uses the land allocation under risk framework developed by Just and Zilberman (1988) to estimate structural parameters. The structural system is estimated using full information maximum likelihood. Observation of the acreage choice is condi- tional on the risk-adjusted profits being positive making the estimation method analogous to Heckman’s simultaneous sample correction method. As a result of using a structural mixed-processes system the scale parameter of the discrete choice equation can be identi- fied. Results suggest that agricultural landowners perceive an order of magnitude higher risk to perennial bioenergy production than their current production system. These results are partly driven by the risk management options currently available for commodity crops such as crop insurance, futures markets, and risk reducing inputs. Agricultural landowners also perceive woody crops as risker and with higher adoption costs than perennial grasses. |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Production Economics, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, Q12, Q15, Q16, |
| Date: | 2016–05–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:236343&r=agr |
| By: | Yating, Zeng; Yanhong, Jin; Zhong, Tang |
| Abstract: | China maintains a steady yield increase in the past three decades, but farm production is undergoing a great change, especially in the recent decade, due to the change in both economic conditions and the environment along with a sharp decline of rural labor and farming population. Agricultural mechanization, especially agricultural mechanization services (AMS), gains its popularity in recent years. This study examines the adoption of agricultural mechanization, using either self-equipped machinery or AMS; and the factors contributing to the adoption of different types of agricultural mechanization. The empirical analysis uses primary survey data and employs a seemingly unrelated regression model. We find that the agricultural labor endowment improves the adoption of agricultural mechanization, but off-farm labor curbs the adoption. In terms of the land endowment, we find an inverse U-shaped non-linear relationship between the land endowment and the AMS adoption, and land fragmentation reduces the mechanization adoption. |
| Keywords: | Labor, Land Endowment, Mechanization of Agricultural Production, Agricultural Machinery Service (AMS), Farm Management, Labor and Human Capital, Land Economics/Use, Production Economics, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:236367&r=agr |
| By: | Bo Xiong; John C. Beghin (Center for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD)) |
| Abstract: | A possible Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) agreement will further integrate agricultural markets between the United States and the European Union. The elimination of tariffs and cooperation on sanitary and phytosanitary measures will promote cross-Atlantic trade. We empirically estimate the impacts of tariffs and Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) on trade in plant products between the two partners. Furthermore, we simulate trade expansions under plausible negotiation outcomes. We find that a TTIP agreement promotes cross-Atlantic trade in plant products, in both directions, by over 60% if tariffs are removed and MRLs are mutually recognized or harmonized to Codex levels. |
| Keywords: | Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership, TTIP, maximum residue limit, MRL, sanitary and phytosanitary measures, tariff, trade agreement, NTM JEL: Q17, F15 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ias:cpaper:16-wp566&r=agr |
| By: | Mamata Swain; Sasmita Patnaik |
| Abstract: | Agriculture is a highly risky venture mainly due to uncertainty in crop production emanating from natural causes including unpredictable weather events and pest attacks, which leads governments to implement various crop insurance schemes in order to provide economic support to farmers in the event of crop failure. There are two major crop insurance schemes operating in Odisha state of India: National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS) and the pilot Weather Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS). NAIS provides compensation for yield losses due to natural causes and covers all food crops and commercial crops. WBCIS provides coverage for paddy crop yield losses due to rainfall only. Both schemes are compulsory for loanee farmers and are also available for non-loanee farmers on voluntary basis. In this study, we analyze and compare various indicators including their coverage, financial performance and operational efficiency in acting as a safety net to the farmers when they experience crop losses. The study uses both secondary data and primary data. While the secondary data on various performance indicators are for the state of Odisha as a whole, the primary data for the study come from the Bolangir and Kalahandi districts located in drought-prone western Odisha. Applying a multi-stage sampling method, the sample includes 100 households using WBCIS from the Bolangir district and 100 households using NAIS from the contiguous Kalahandi district. Primary data were collected using a structured household questionnaire via the direct interview method between October 2011 and May 2012. The results show that the area under crop insurance in these two schemes has increased from 10 to 16 percent of the gross cropped area in Odisha state during 2000-2012 but 84 percent is still not covered. This increase in coverage is mainly due to increase in the number of loanee farmers. The area under crop insurance by non loanee farmers has substantially declined over time in the case of both NAIS and WBCIS. NAIS is a large insurance scheme which covers 96 percent whereas WBCIS being a pilot scheme covers only 4 percent of the area insured by these two schemes in 2012. The study reveals that WBCIS performs better than NAIS as indicated by the higher adoption rate, the higher percentage of farmers benefited, the lower premium, faster claim payment, and the frequent indemnity payment. However, WBCIS covers only paddy crop losses due to deficit or surplus rainfall. In a frequently disaster-affected state like Odisha, where reasons for crop failure are many, there is also a need for multi-peril crop insurance schemes like NAIS. Therefore, both the schemes should continue and complement each other. The public sector may address catastrophic risk and provide multi-peril insurance where the subsidy requirement is high while the private sector could be brought into to provide insurance products for less severe events and for individual, independent, idiosyncratic and localized risk. |
| Keywords: | Risk in Agriculture, Adaptation, Crop Insurance Schemes, Weather, Performance, Odisha |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:snd:wpaper:104&r=agr |
| By: | Mishili, Fulgence; Mallawaarachchi, Thilak; Valerian, Judith; Auricht, Christopher; Boffa, Jean-Marc; Dixon, John |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235383&r=agr |
| By: | Monckton, David |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235409&r=agr |
| By: | De Janvry,Alain F.; Ramirez Ritchie,Elizabeth Andrea; Sadoulet,Elisabeth Marie L. |
| Abstract: | Weather risk and incomplete insurance markets are significant contributors to poverty for rural households in developing countries. Weather index insurance has emerged as a possible tool for overcoming these challenges. This paper provides evidence on the impact of weather index insurance from a pioneering, large-scale insurance program in Mexico. The focus of this analysis is on the ex-post effects of insurance payments. A regression discontinuity design provides find evidence that payments from weather index insurance allow farmers to cultivate a larger land area in the season following a weather shock. Households in municipalities receiving payment also appear to have larger per capita expenditures and income in the subsequent year, although there is suggestive evidence that some of this increase is offset by a decrease in remittances. While the cost of insurance appears to be high relative to the payouts, the benefits exceed the costs for a substantial range of outcomes. |
| Keywords: | Debt Markets,Climate Change Economics,Insurance&Risk Mitigation,Labor Policies,Rural Poverty Reduction |
| Date: | 2016–06–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:7715&r=agr |
| By: | Herrin, Alejandro N. |
| Abstract: | In 2015, based on the latest survey of the Food Nutrition Research Institute, childhood stunting affected one-third (33%) of children under five years. This is equivalent to 3.78 million children in 2015. Moreover, there has been little progress in reducing stunting prevalence in the last 20 years. The strategic importance of stunting prevention cannot be overemphasized in view of its short- and long-term consequences on health, learning, and economic productivity, and the short period of time that it can be effectively prevented (the first 1000 days from conception to age 2 years). Moreover, cost-effective interventions to address the situation are known and regularly updated. Assessments of specific nutrition projects have uncovered various implementation issues of targeting, coordination, management structures, logistics, and sustainability. On the other hand, recent sector-level assessment has uncovered a number of structural issues of governance--local mobilization to implement nutrition program; limited resources for nutrition; and organizational--effective coordination by the National Nutrition Council National Secretariat in a devolved set-up. Responding to these structural issues requires a new approach to address them. An approach suggested in the paper is to take advantage of existing opportunities offered, first, by the increasing global interest in child stunting, and second, by the existing platforms for identifying the poor and for delivering and financing health services. The paper outlines an approach for consideration and discussion. |
| Keywords: | Philippines, health service delivery, childhood stunting, maternal and child care, micronutrients |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:phd:rpseri:dp_2016-21&r=agr |
| By: | Dale, Allan |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235267&r=agr |
| By: | dos Santos, M. C.; Aguiar, L. K.; Bansback, R. J.; Revell, B. J.; de Zen, S. |
| Abstract: | Brazil is an important player in the global beef market exporting throughout the world. The Brazilian livestock sector contributes to about 3% of the national GDP, and it has the potential for further increasing its beef exports; only about 1/5 of its beef production currently goes for export – at the same time domestic beef consumption has been rising. It has various competitive advantages compared to other major exporters but it has faced questions in recent years on the adverse impact of the beef industry has on the environment – particularly in relation to GHG emissions. Historically, the main challenge has come from criticism that the increased land needed for higher beef production levels has caused greater deforestation. However, this is no longer the case as Brazil is increasing its production by improvements in productivity rather than devoting more land to cattle farming. This paper shows the contribution that improvements in stocking rates, calving intervals and increasing of the age of slaughter are making to improvements in the productivity of beef production without causing such damaging GHG emission impacts. |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236325&r=agr |
| By: | Buehler, Dorothee C.; Hartje, Rebecca C.; Grote, Ulrike |
| Abstract: | Despite encouraging developments in overall undernourishment figures our analysis of rural Cambodian households reveals very high malnutrition in children. In this paper we use a novel panel data set from Stung Treng in Cambodia which allows to compare different household food security indicators with each other and individual level anthropometric data of children under five. While the large majority of households appear to be food secure according to the Food Consumption Score (FCS) and the Household Hunger Scale (HHS), the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Coping Strategies Index (CSI) classify less than four percent of the households in Stung Treng as food secure. Stunting and underweight measures for children show that between 38 to 45 percent of children under five are classified as undernourished. Analyzing the influence of household characteristics on these different measures for food security we find that the FCS is largely driven by household characteristics and livelihood strategy choices whereas the anthropometrics show little or zero correlation. Household wealth, inequality, and the prevalence of shocks however, has a strong influence on both measures. Individual and mother specific characteristics are vital to explain child malnutrition. |
| Keywords: | Malnutrition, Undernutrition, Food Security, Anthropometrics, Cambodia, Income Inequality, Shocks, Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health and Economic Development I15, Economic Development O15, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236333&r=agr |
| By: | Gerling, Michael; Lawson, Linda; Weaber, Jillayne; Dotts, Alan; Vardeman, Andrew; Wilson, Eric |
| Abstract: | The National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) surveys farmers and ranchers across the United States and Puerto Rico in order to estimate crop production and number of livestock, to assess production practices, and to identify economic trends. The June Agricultural Survey (JAS) is an annual survey that provides information on U.S. crops, livestock, grain storage capacity, and number, type and size of farms. The JAS is comprised of two components, the List Survey and the Area Survey. The List Survey is comprised of agricultural operations known to NASS. The Area Survey is comprised of designated land areas known as segments and is utilized in measuring the incompleteness of the List. This study is focused on the Area portion, which will be abbreviated as JAS. The JAS sample is comprised of nearly 11,000 designated land areas known as segments. A typical segment is about one square mile -- equivalent to 640 acres. Each segment is outlined on an aerial photo (typically 2’ by 2’ in size) and provided to NASS’s field interviewers. Field interviewers visit these segments and identify the owners/operators of all land within the segment. Land is then categorized as agricultural or non-agricultural. For land where agricultural activity is occurring, a separate paper questionnaire is completed for each agricultural operation operating land within the segment. A team composed of staff from NASS and Iowa State University Center for Survey Statistics and Methodology developed a Computer Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) instrument to conduct the JAS aerial imagery portion and collect field level information. Also, the team was tasked with testing field enumeration of grid segments (a new type of segment) that could make the JAS sample preparation process more efficient. The JAS-CAPI instrument was field tested in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Washington. |
| Keywords: | Agriculture, CAPI, Data Collection, GIS, Area Frame Survey, Land Economics/Use, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, |
| Date: | 2015–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:unassr:234386&r=agr |
| By: | Renwick, Alan |
| Abstract: | Globally aquaculture is seen as an increasingly important component in the quest to achieve food security in light of such drivers as a decline in capture fisheries, an expanding global population and climatic change. However, it is widely recognised that in many countries poor regulation acts as a major constraint on the development of the sector. This paper, using the Irish oyster industry as an example highlights not only how regulation can be seen as a significant source of risk in itself to aquaculture, but also how it also increases the level of other risks to the successful development of the sector. Mechanisms for increasing the resilience of the sector by dealing with these risks are reviewed and two possible approaches (supporting collaborative action and backing selected producers) to strengthening the structure of the industry are considered. Both approaches are shown to have strengths and weaknesses |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Risk and Uncertainty, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236286&r=agr |
| By: | Prager, Daniel |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, |
| Date: | 2016–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236874&r=agr |
| By: | Utterback, Matthew |
| Keywords: | climate change, agriculture, learning, farmland values, Agricultural and Food Policy, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, Q12, Q51, Q54, |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea16:236290&r=agr |
| By: | James Manley (Department of Economics, Eastern Michigan University); Vanya Slavchevska (Consultant, Gender Analysis, FAO, Rome, Italy.) |
| Abstract: | Early evidence has been ambiguous on the effects of cash transfer programmes on children, but little has focused on Africa. We review the literature on twenty cash transfer schemes, including twelve from Sub-Saharan Africa. Such interventions have shown improvements in household diet and in some cases to agriculture, but have not always improved child health. However, a larger perspective focusing on the first 1000 days of life reveals more opportunities for impact. In particular the opportunity to empower young women to get secondary education and cut adolescent pregnancy rates can improve the health of African children. Cash transfer programmes seem cost effective, though they are not without flaws. |
| Keywords: | Social protection, cash transfers, Sub-Saharan Africa, child health, adolescent health. |
| JEL: | Q15 I18 I15 J13 |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tow:wpaper:2016-12&r=agr |
| By: | Matsuda, Hirotaka; Ogata, Yuka; Takagi, Akira; Kurokura, Hisashi |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235405&r=agr |
| By: | Kularatne, Mohottala G.; Pascoe, Sean; Wilson, Clevo; Robinson, Tim |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235372&r=agr |
| By: | Nicolò Bellanca (Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa); Benedetto Rocchi (Dipartimento di Scienze per l'Economia e l'Impresa) |
| Abstract: | The quality of relationships among people is increasingly perceived as a crucial determinant of well-being. Despite this relevant shift, economic analysis is still deeply tied to an individualistic conception of people acting and living together. In this paper we will argue that to better understand the subjective and inter-subjective multiple dimensions of well-being, it is necessary to further deepen its conceptual framework to deal with its genuine relational essence. The forms of civic agriculture and short food supply chains that have emerged in the last decades provide an interesting case to highlight the limits of an individualistic conception of well-being. Within civic forms of agriculture, people follow pathways of personal change that affect the relational dimension of their lives, according to how they use money and spare time. At the same time, these personal pathways contribute to the emergence of rural economies and cultures as participatory or shared goods. |
| Keywords: | relational goods, shared goods, well-being, civic agriculture, commonality. |
| Date: | 2015 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:frz:wpaper:wp2016_09.rdf&r=agr |
| By: | Warr, Peter |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Security and Poverty, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235784&r=agr |
| By: | O'Callaghan, Daniel; Hennessy, Thia; Breen, James |
| Abstract: | With agricultural extension being an important method of knowledge transfer and promoting innovation, we explore the factors associated with extension participation in the case of Irish cattle farmers. The cattle sector has a high reliance on direct payments and off farm employment is prevalent; we explore how these factors affect extension participation making use of data from a government funded extension program. By applying a sequential logit model, we found that subsidy dependence and off farm employment both had a significant and negative impact on participation. |
| Keywords: | Extension Participation, Subsidy Dependence, Off-Farm Employment, Sequential Logit Model, Agricultural and Food Policy, Livestock Production/Industries, C25, Q16, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236329&r=agr |
| By: | Alston, Julian; Andersen, Matt; Pardey, Phil |
| Keywords: | Farm Management, Production Economics, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235231&r=agr |
| By: | Matteo Smerlak; Bapu Vaitla |
| Abstract: | Resilience, the ability to recover from adverse events ("shocks"), is of fundamental importance to food security. This is especially true in poor countries, where basic needs are frequently threatened by economic, environmental, and health shocks. An empirically sound formalization of the concept of food security resilience, however, is lacking. Here we introduce a general framework for quantifying resilience based on a simple definition: a unit is resilient if $(a)$ its long-term food security trend is not deteriorating and $(b)$ the effects of shocks on this trend do not persist over time. Our approach can be applied to any food security variable for which high-frequency time-series data is available, can accommodate any unit of analysis (e.g., individuals, households, countries), and is especially useful in rapidly changing contexts wherein standard equilibrium-based economic models are ineffective. We illustrate our method with an analysis of per capita kilocalorie availability for 161 countries between 1961 and 2011. We find that resilient countries are not necessarily those that are characterized by high levels or less volatile fluctuations of kilocalorie intake. Accordingly, food security policies and programs will need to be tailored not only to welfare levels at any one time, but also to long-run welfare dynamics. |
| Date: | 2016–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:1606.02783&r=agr |
| By: | Bateman, Laura; Yi, Dale; Cacho, Oscar; Stringer, Randy |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235244&r=agr |
| By: | Coble, Keith |
| Keywords: | Agricultural Finance, Crop Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236592&r=agr |
| By: | Xu, Yuan |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235803&r=agr |
| By: | Allan, Corey; Kerr, Suzi |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235235&r=agr |
| By: | THIAGO FONSECA MORELLO RAMALHO DA SILVA; JOSE FERES |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:anp:en2014:188&r=agr |
| By: | Margherita Scoppola |
| Abstract: | Some firms invest abroad in land, while other firms procure raw materials from food or energy importing countries by means of an outsourcing arrangement with farmers in land-abundant countries. Few studies have investigated the pattern of recent Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in agriculture and the ones that have are mostly focused on the locational drivers of FDI. This paper explores how the contractual features of transactions of agricultural products affect the "internalization" decision of firms, that is, the choice trade/FDI. The paper develops a partial equilibrium model incorporating incomplete contracts and asset specificity, which is used to address a number of questions: What is the impact of the quality of the institutions on the choice trade/FDI? How may the bargaining power of the downstream and upstream firms affect the outcome? How is the choice FDI/trade affected by the presence of a state-owned firm? The model provides some unconventional results, such as the finding that when the investor is private, better institutions may lead firms to choose outsourcing, while weak institutions may be a driver of FDI. |
| JEL: | Q15 F23 L23 Q17 |
| Date: | 2016–05 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fsc:fspubl:49&r=agr |
| By: | Neal, Mark; Cooper, Simon |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Production Economics, Risk and Uncertainty, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235417&r=agr |
| By: | Quinlivan, Daryl |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235582&r=agr |
| By: | Sauter, Philipp; Hermann, Daniel; Musshoff, Oliver |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235515&r=agr |
| By: | Chand, Ramesh |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, International Relations/Trade, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235263&r=agr |
| By: | Permani, Risti; Umberger, Wendy |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235500&r=agr |
| By: | Okullo, Samuel (Tilburg University, Center For Economic Research); Reynes, F.; Hofkes, M. |
| Abstract: | The theory on the green paradox has focused primarily on the consumption of a clean substitute produced using a static technology. In reality, we observe the gradual accumulation of the clean substitute’s capacity, suggesting that supply decisions for the clean substitute and finite carbon resource should both be treated as dynamic. This paper shows that when climate policy is preannounced, and with simultaneous consumption of a finite carbon resource and a clean substitute, myopia in the supply of the latter leads to the green paradox. When clean substitute producers can accumulate capacity and are forward looking, the green paradox may or may not arise, however. In this setting, its occurrence depends on both the size of the discount rate and the remaining stock of carbon resource. These and other drivers of the green paradox are investigated in a multi-producer game-theoretic model calibrated to real-world global oil market data. The timing of mandating policy is shown to be the single most important variable for mitigating the green paradox. Moreover, for EU-2020 and US-2022 style biofuel mandating targets, a rather robust 0.3% decline in production is observed during the premandate phase, suggesting that concerns over the green paradox may be seriously overstated. |
| Keywords: | green paradox; climate change; peak oil; biofuel mandates; unconventional crude oil |
| JEL: | C61 C70 H25 H32 Q28 Q42 Q58 |
| Date: | 2016 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tiu:tiucen:2ef0304e-8645-42f7-9146-765488467b09&r=agr |
| By: | Gregg, Daniel |
| Keywords: | Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235317&r=agr |
| By: | Zaragoza-Watkins, Matthew |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236879&r=agr |
| By: | Hussein, Mohamud; Fraser, Iain; Costanigro, Marco |
| Abstract: | We estimate the implicit prices consumers are willing to pay for country of origin labels, using hedonic price models and panel data on retail meat purchases in the United Kingdom (UK). We find that consumers place a significant value on the origin information, especially since the horsemeat incident in 2013. Both the horsemeat incident and resulting consumer response raise questions about the balance between mandatory and voluntary labelling. There is also the potential for unintended consequences for meat industry competitiveness and trade, which may affect consumer welfare negatively. |
| Keywords: | Consumer Preference, Hedonic Price, Meat, Origin Labelling, Agricultural and Food Policy, Consumer/Household Economics, D120 Consumer Economics, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236353&r=agr |
| By: | Dumbrell, Nikki; Kragt, Marit; Meier, Elizabeth; Thorburn, Peter; Biggs, Jody |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235272&r=agr |
| By: | Rifin, Amzul; Herawati |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235509&r=agr |
| By: | Cristian Peñaloza (Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotá]); Laura Palacios (EVS - UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État [ENTPE] - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon, PIESO-ENSMSE - Département Performance Industrielle et Environnementale des Systèmes et des Organisations - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - Institut Mines-Télécom - Institut Henri Fayol); Jesus Gonzalez-Feliu (EVS - UMR 5600 Environnement Ville Société - UL2 - Université Lumière - Lyon 2 - Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III - ENS Lyon - École normale supérieure - Lyon - Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne - École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État [ENTPE] - Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - ENSAL - École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon, PIESO-ENSMSE - Département Performance Industrielle et Environnementale des Systèmes et des Organisations - Mines Saint-Étienne MSE - École des Mines de Saint-Étienne - Institut Mines-Télécom - Institut Henri Fayol) |
| Abstract: | The production and distribution of Bienestarina to the vulnerable population of Colombia is one of the strategies of the "Colombian Institute of Familiar Wellness" (ICBF its acronym in Spanish) to fight malnutrition, especially among children. This article presents a first characterization of the supply chain for this product in Bogotá emphasizing collection and distribution logistics operations and identifying the actors in the chain, the currently applied regulations and the logistical requirements that leading the distribution of this complement to the different types of beneficiaries. |
| Keywords: | Food supply chain,distribution processes,Bienestarina,Instituto Colombiano del Bienestar Familiar |
| Date: | 2016–05–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:emse-01330719&r=agr |
| By: | McKenna |
| Keywords: | Community/Rural/Urban Development, |
| Date: | 2016–02–26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236809&r=agr |
| By: | Hamilton, Neil D. |
| Keywords: | Land Economics/Use, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236620&r=agr |
| By: | Specht, Allison L. |
| Keywords: | Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Livestock Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236604&r=agr |
| By: | Ooi, ZhongKai |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235495&r=agr |
| By: | Feldman, David; Kingwell, Ross; Plunkett, Brad; Thomas, Quenten; Farre-Codina, Imma |
| Keywords: | Agribusiness, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235300&r=agr |
| By: | Lock, Peter; Mounter, Stuart; Moss, Jonathan; Fleming, Euan |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235413&r=agr |
| By: | Kompas, Tom; Van Ha, Pham; Nguyen, Hoa |
| Keywords: | Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235368&r=agr |
| By: | Sheng |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235612&r=agr |
| By: | Bacus, Kent |
| Keywords: | International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, |
| Date: | 2016–02–25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236848&r=agr |
| By: | Behar, Salvador |
| Keywords: | Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:usao16:236608&r=agr |
| By: | Zull, Andrew; Bell, Mike; Cox, Howard; Gentry, Jayne; Klepper, Kaara; Dowling, Chris |
| Keywords: | Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy, |
| Date: | 2016–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aare16:235817&r=agr |
| By: | Wiggins, Steve; Keats, Sharada |
| Abstract: | Most theories of population change and agricultural development, see for example, those of Malthus and Boserup, posit rising rural populations. Across the world, however, rural areas are going through a demographic transition from high to low levels of fertility and mortality, while seeing out-migration to urban areas. In some rural areas, populations are no longer growing, but are declining. Even where rural population still grows, much of this reflects inertial growth from former high fertility: in most countries the cohort of rural children aged zero to four is shrinking, presaging future population decline. One important change is that demographic change promotes women’s empowerment in rural areas: fewer pregnancies, coupled with more schooling for girls, give women more scope to work, migrate, earn and gain status and autonomy. A second change is that dependency ratios are falling in rural areas, delivering a demographic dividend that can boost growth. Owing to out-migration, however, labour shortages are being reported for agriculture. That may mean more use of machinery; it will certainly mean higher wages. And it should lead to consolidation of operated areas, even if not concentration of farm ownership. Out-migration from rural areas is likely to persist and intensify in the future. |
| Keywords: | Population, Fertility, Mortality, Migration, Labour, Agricultural and Food Policy, J13 Fertility, Family Planning, Child Care, Children, Youth & J11 Demographic Trends, Macroeconomic Effects, and Forecasts, |
| Date: | 2016–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aesc16:236366&r=agr |