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on Economics of Ageing |
| By: | Nikolov, Plamen (State University of New York); Yeh, Steve (Columbia University) |
| Abstract: | Cognitive performance in late adulthood is critical for better welfare and understanding the causes of human capital depreciation in old age is increasingly crucial in aging societies. Using data from South Africa, we study how early life education affects cognition, a component of human capital critical to decision-making, in late adulthood. We show that an extra year of schooling improves memory and general cognition performance. We detect heterogeneous treatment effects by gender: the effects are stronger among women. We explore mechanisms and show that a more supportive social environment, improved health habits, and reduced stress levels are likely mediators for the beneficial effects of increased educational attainment on old-age cognition. |
| Keywords: | human capital, educational attainment, cognitive performance, developing countries, aging, sub-Saharan Africa |
| JEL: | J14 J24 I21 F63 N37 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp15432&r= |
| By: | Taguchi, Hiroyuki; Latjin, Mirani |
| Abstract: | This study estimates the effects of demographic dynamics on economic growth, with a focus on the working-age population and life expectancy in 19 European Union economies for 1970–2020 and 2020–2050, using a panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model as the analytical methodology. The main findings are as follows. First, the PVAR estimation identifies positive effects of the growth of the working-age population share and the extension of life expectancy on economic growth. Second, the contribution ratio of the demographic effects to economic growth for past population bonus periods is approximately 15% on average in this study, which is comparable to the ratios found in previous studies. Third, the projection for 2020–2050 shows that the magnitude of the negative demographic effect on annual economic growth due to the population onus is -0.385 on average among all sample economies. The main policy implication of this study is that the EU economies that have already entered the population onus phase of the demographic transition need to mitigate the negative effects of the decline in the working-age population share. |
| Keywords: | demographic dynamics, economic growth, European Union, working-age population, life expectancy, panel vector autoregressive model |
| JEL: | J11 O52 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:113596&r= |
| By: | Checherita-Westphal, Cristina; Domingues Semeano, João; Ahonen, Elena; Stinglhamber, Pierrick; Van Parys, Stefan; Clemens, Johannes; Urke, Katri; Soosaar, Orsolya; Vergou, Maria; Flevotomou, Maria; Staunton, David; Martínez-Pagés, Jorge; Avgousti, Aris; Zelionkaite, Gintare; Delobbe, Olivier; Henne, Florian; Brusbārde, Baiba; Farrugia, John; Attard, Juergen; Renzi, Fabrizio; Savegnago, Marco; Prammer, Doris; Reiss, Lukas; Eijsink, Gerard; Italianer, Jip; Campos, Maria Manuel; Kastelec, Andreja Strojan; Palášthyová, Barbora; Pisca, Vratislav; Kivistö, Jarkko |
| Abstract: | If the responses of wages – both private and public – and of pensions to an increase in inflation lead to second-round effects, this can make an inflationary shock more persistent, especially in the presence of automatic wage and pension indexation. This occasional paper presents an overview of the indexation schemes and other mechanisms for setting public wages and pensions across the euro area countries. It concludes that price indexation of public wages is relatively limited in the euro area, while public pensions are overwhelmingly automatically indexed, either fully or partially, to prices and wages. JEL Classification: E62, J3, H55, E31 |
| Keywords: | and Labor Costs, Compensation, Fiscal policy, Inflation, Social Security and Public Pensions, Wages |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2022299&r= |
| By: | Chen, Qihui; Huang, Juerong |
| Keywords: | Consumer/Household Economics, International Development, Community/Rural/Urban Development |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:aaea22:322180&r= |
| By: | Marina A. Kartseva (RANEPA); Anatoly A. Peresetsky (New Economic School) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we use unique nationally representative data from the 25th wave of Russia Longitudinal Monitoring survey, (RLMS-HSE) for 2016. Based on the survey data, we investigate the impact of sandwich generation caregiving on the health behavior of Russian women—their health behavior, self-assessed health and life satisfaction. We found that sandwich generation caregiving reduces the likelihood of medical examinations, and regular meals, the effect is especially pronounced for working women. A small reduction in alcohol consumption is observed. The likelihood of smoking is reduced (especially for women under 50). The likelihood of being overweight increases, the proportion of chronic diseases decreases, and self-assessed health improves (these effects are especially pronounced for women who are non-pensioners). The proportion of depression decreases. These effects may be the result of an inattentive attitude to one's health and a consciousness of the social significance of fulfilling one's duty. The latter also affects the decreasing number of sandwich generation givers (SGC) dissatisfied with life in general. |
| Keywords: | sandwich generation, sandwich caregiving, Russia, female caregivers, health, health behavior, life satisfaction, informal care JEL Classifications: I12, I31, J14, J16 |
| Date: | 2022–07 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:abo:neswpt:w0289&r= |
| By: | Khasanova Ramilya (RANEPA) |
| Abstract: | According to the Rosstat provisional data, Russia’s population on January 1, 2022 was 145.5 million. The decline of the population in Russia has been observed since 2018 according to the pre-pandemic Rosstat median projection predicting that population decline will continue until the end of the projection period (2035). However, the spread of coronavirus infection had a significant impact on the population size in 2020—2021. According to provisional data from Rosstat, the Russian population has reduced by 692.900 compared to 2021. |
| Keywords: | Russian economy, birth rate, mortality rate, natural population growth |
| JEL: | J1 J10 J11 J13 |
| Date: | 2022 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gai:ppaper:ppaper-2022-1220&r= |