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on Africa |
| By: | Dzingai Francis Chapfuwa (University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Economics and Econometrics, Johannesburg, South Africa) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this study is to examine the role of institutions in determining Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flows into the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. Given the financing gap within SADC and the role of FDI in covering the gap, there is a need for the region to attract more FDI. Traditionally, the most popular instrument for attracting FDI is through fiscal incentives. However, over the years this has failed to attract or deliver the expected levels of FDI inflows into the SADC region. The study applies a panel modelling approach (Fixed Effects Model) for all the SADC countries using annual data from 1996 to 2016. However, to deal with the problem of endogeneity, the study further applies the 2 Stage Least Squares (2SLS) methodology. For robustness check, Dynamic General Method of Moments Technique (GMM) is applied. The results of the model indicated that institutions are important in determining the flow of FDI into the SADC region. However, where the host countries have got natural strategic resources, the role of institutions is overshadowed. The market size was also found to be insignificant. Furthermore, the institutional variables affect FDI inflows differently and one of the major findings is that democratic accountability does not matter in influencing the flow of FDI into the SADC region. |
| Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, Institutions, SADC, MNCs |
| JEL: | E E02 |
| Date: | 2020–06 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:aly:journl:202053&r=all |
| By: | Andre Gbato (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Falapalaki Lemou (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique); Jean-François Brun (CERDI - Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International - Clermont Auvergne - UCA - Université Clermont Auvergne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies impact of semi-autonomous revenue authorities in sub-Saharan Africa tax revenues. Results show that reform of semi-autonomous revenue authorities got various effects on tax revenues in short term. However, in medium term, semi-autonomous revenue authorities didn't work better than traditional tax administration. These results leads to conclude that sub-Saharan African countries which have not yet adopted the SARA reform, can increase their tax effort and thus their level of taxation by improving quality of institutions and by modernizing traditional administrations. |
| Abstract: | Cet article identifie l'impact des administrations semi-autonomes de collecte des recettes fiscales en Afrique subsaharienne. Les résultats montrent que la réforme des administrations semi-autonomes de collecte des recettes fiscales a eu divers effets sur les recettes fiscales à court terme. Cependant, à moyen terme, les administrations semi-autonomes de collecte des recettes fiscales ne fonctionnaient pas mieux que l'administration fiscale traditionnelle. Ces résultats amènent à conclure que les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne qui n'ont pas encore adopté la réforme des administrations semi-autonomes de collecte des recettes fiscales, peuvent accroître leur effort fiscal et donc leur niveau de recettes publiques en améliorant la qualité des institutions et en modernisant l'administration fiscale traditionnelle. |
| Keywords: | Reforms,Africa,Tax revenues,Synthetic control |
| Date: | 2021–01–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03119001&r=all |
| By: | Amina Laaroussi (University Hassan II); Denis Lemaître (FoAP - Formation et apprentissages professionnels - CNAM - Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] - AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement - ENSTA Bretagne - École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne, Département SHS - Département Sciences Humaines et Sociales - ENSTA Bretagne - École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne); Soumia Bakkali (University Hassan II); Souad Ajana (University Hassan II) |
| Abstract: | The environmental awareness of Moroccan engineers in charge of industrial projects has become essential to improve environmental performance and, more broadly, to contribute to the environment protection and sustainable development strategy of Morocco. However, it is difficult to measure the level of environmental awareness among engineers and to promote it. Thus, to answer this issue and provide comprehension tools, a field study was carried out among Moroccan company managers from seven different industrial sectors. The manufacturing companies are mostly certified ISO 14001 and ISO 9001, they are nevertheless strongly consumers of raw materials and exercise polluting industrial activities which generate waste. The survey aims to gain a better understanding of the policies of these companies in terms of their environmental management of industrial projects, and expected engineering skills. It covers the projects managed by engineers from different specialties who graduated from Moroccan schools. The study combines on the one side, a quantitative assessment section on the mastery of the environmental footprint in the operational decision-making phase of 174 industrial projects led by Moroccan engineers. On the other side, it includes a qualitative analysis section of the expectations and recommendations of the industrialists for a better environmental management of projects. The study shows that the level of environmental implication of the engineers in the projects leaves room for improvement. The industrialists' attention was mainly focused on the control of the environmental footprint when completing projects, whilst still contributing to the improvement of the performance of industry and the country. |
| Keywords: | Morocco,Environmental performance,Environmental footprint,Manufacturing industries,Engineers,Project management |
| Date: | 2020–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:hal-03104023&r=all |
| By: | Aroop Chatterjee (WITS - University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg]); Léo Czajka (UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain); Amory Gethin (PSE - Paris School of Economics - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS Paris - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris sciences et lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, WIL - World Inequality Lab) |
| Abstract: | This paper considers the feasibility of implementing a progressive wealth tax to collect additional government revenue to both reinforce fiscal sustainability in the wake of the COVID-19 crisis and reduce persistent extreme inequality in South Africa. Drawing on our new companion paper, we first identify the tax base and discuss the design of potential tax schedules. Testing alternative tax schedules, we estimate how much additional revenue could be collected from a progressive tax on the top 1% richest South Africans. Our results show that under conservative assumptions, a wealth tax could raise between 70 and 160 billion Rands—1.5% to 3.5% of the South African GDP.We discuss in turn how sensitive our estimates are to assumptions on (1) mismeasurement of wealth and (2) tax avoidance and evasion, based on the most recent tax policy literature. We examine technical issues related to the enforcement of the tax, and how third-party reporting and pre-filled declarations could be used to optimize measurement of taxable wealth and minimize evasion and avoidance opportunities. Finally, we explain how this new tax could interact with other capital related taxes already in place in South Africa, and discuss the potential impact on growth. |
| Date: | 2021–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-03131182&r=all |
| By: | OECD |
| Abstract: | In a climate of heightened debt vulnerabilities, countries in sub-Saharan Africa struggle to fill the gap in infrastructure finance, which is paramount to achieving their sustainable development objectives. At the same time, the infrastructure financing landscape in the region has become increasingly diverse and challenging to navigate. This paper reviews the role of Development Assistance Committee (DAC) members in supporting countries to address mounting infrastructure needs while avoiding and mitigating potential debt crises.The first part of the paper provides an overview of the infrastructure needs in sub-Saharan Africa. The second part presents the changes in infrastructure financing, highlighting the dominant roles of domestic government and non-DAC lenders. The third part explains how infrastructure finance can be a potential driver for the debt build-up in the region; but that the quality of spending and the diversity of financing providers can be mitigating factors. The fourth part includes policy recommendations for DAC members. |
| Date: | 2021–02–16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:oec:dcdaab:36-en&r=all |