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on Accounting and Auditing |
| By: | Serge Agbodjo (LGTO - Laboratoire de Gestion et des Transitions Organisationnelles - UT3 - Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT - Université de Toulouse); Konan Anderson Seny Kan (EESC-GEM Grenoble Ecole de Management) |
| Abstract: | Accounting research on the African continent is indeed present in the international accounting literature. It remains relatively invisible because it is part of the field of accounting research in emerging economies, which itself does not feature in the dominant streams of accounting research. This study aims to understand the state of accounting knowledge on the African continent through a systematic analysis of 326 research articles published in 38 international accounting journals over a period of 43 years (1980–2022). Our results show that accounting research on Africa represents only 1.2% of studies published in international academic accounting journals over the period 1980–2022. The results also detail the accounting domains and the methodological and theoretical approaches of the international accounting literature on African countries. Furthermore, our results provide an understanding of the forms of theorization that structure African accounting knowledge in the international literature, namely the theorization of the political and historical connection on the one hand, and the theorization of the epistemic connection, on the other. Additionally, this study proposes, in the light of consciencism, a discussion of positive, transformative accounting actions, in resistance to negative accounting actions of subjugation. Finally, a research program made up of eight (8) avenues for future research that address various gaps in the literature is proposed. |
| Abstract: | La recherche comptable sur le continent africain est bien présente dans la littérature comptable internationale. Elle reste encore peu visible car elle fait partie du champ de la recherche comptable dans les pays émergents qui lui-même ne figure pas dans les champs dominants de la recherche comptable. Cette étude vise à la compréhension de l'état de la connaissance comptable sur le continent africain par le biais d'une analyse systématique de 326 articles de recherche publiés dans 38 revues internationales comptables sur une période de 43 années (1980-2022). Nos résultats montrent que les recherches comptables sur l'Afrique ne représentent que 1, 2 % des travaux publiés dans les revues académiques comptables internationales sur la période 1980-2022. Les résultats détaillent également les domaines comptables et les approches méthodologiques et théoriques de la littérature comptable internationale dans les pays africains. Par ailleurs, nos résultats permettent de comprendre les formes de théorisation qui structurent la connaissance comptable africaine dans la littérature internationale, en l'occurrence, la théorisation du lien politique et historique d'une part, et la théorisation du lien épistémique , d'autre part. De plus, cette étude propose, à l'aune du consciencisme , une discussion des actions comptables positives, transformatrices, en résistance aux actions comptables négatives d'assujettissement. Enfin, un programme de recherche décliné en huit (8) voies de recherches futures qui pallient différents manquements de la littérature est proposé. |
| Keywords: | accounting, Africa, literature review, development, emerging economies, consciencism, pays émergents, consciencisme, revue de littérature, afrique, comptabilité, développement |
| Date: | 2024–10–24 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04830453 |
| By: | Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics Queen’s University, Canada, and Cambridge Resource International Inc.); Owotomiwa C. Olubamiro (Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Mikhail Miklyaev (Department of Economics Queen’s University, Canada, and Cambridge Resource International Inc.); Amin Sokhanvar (Cambridge Resources International Inc.) |
| Abstract: | Tax incentives are widely used to attract investment and stimulate economic growth, but they also pose challenges related to revenue loss, tax compliance, and administrative efficiency. This report provides a structured framework for evaluating tax incentives in Madagascar, assessing their fiscal and economic impacts while ensuring alignment with the country’s development objectives. The report introduces methodologies for analyzing tax expenditures across different tax categories, including corporate income tax (CIT), value-added tax (VAT), excise taxes, and trade taxes. It emphasizes the importance of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to determine whether tax incentives generate sufficient economic benefits to justify their fiscal costs. Additionally, the report discusses the role of stakeholder analysis in understanding how different tax measures affect businesses, government revenue, and public welfare. This report explores the risks associated with tax incentives, such as potential revenue leakages, compliance challenges, and the administrative burden on tax authorities. It highlights best practices for monitoring and evaluating tax policies to improve transparency and accountability. The findings of this study provide policymakers with essential guidelines for designing effective and sustainable tax incentives. By adopting a rigorous evaluation approach, Madagascar can enhance its tax policy framework, ensuring that incentives contribute to long-term economic growth without undermining public finances. |
| Keywords: | Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), Corporate Income Tax (CIT), Fiscal Policy, Tax Incentives, Tax Expenditure Analysis |
| JEL: | H2 H3 H4 H5 O2 O5 |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4628 |
| By: | Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics Queen’s University, Canada, and Cambridge Resource International Inc.); Mikhail Miklyaev (Department of Economics Queen’s University, Canada, and Cambridge Resource International Inc.); Amin Sokhanvar (Cambridge Resources International Inc.) |
| Abstract: | This document provides a comprehensive analysis of tax incentives in Madagascar, offering policy recommendations to enhance efficiency, revenue generation, and economic growth. It examines key tax components, including excise taxes, the Value-Added Tax (VAT), trade taxes, and corporate tax incentives, identifying inefficiencies and proposing reforms to streamline administration and improve fiscal outcomes. The report highlights the need to simplify Madagascar’s excise tax system by narrowing the taxable goods range, reducing compliance costs, and improving public welfare. It also addresses VAT inefficiencies, noting that the country’s 359 exemptions undermine revenue potential and complicate tax administration. Recommendations include reducing unnecessary exemptions and enhancing compliance to boost fiscal sustainability. In trade taxation, the document advocates for optimizing import tariffs by eliminating excessive exemptions, thereby strengthening industrial growth and export competitiveness. Corporate tax incentives are assessed through Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to ensure they generate genuine investment expansion and economic benefits. Additionally, the report emphasizes prioritizing public sector investments for climate resilience over private sector tax incentives, advocating for international support to address climate challenges effectively. By streamlining tax policies and aligning them with economic and social objectives, Madagascar can enhance revenue collection, promote sustainable investment, and strengthen climate resilience. These reforms will contribute to a more efficient, equitable, and growth-oriented tax system, supporting the country’s long-term development goals. |
| Keywords: | Excise Taxes, Impact Analysis, Tax Incentives, Corporate Income Tax (CIT), Revenue Tax Administration, Tax Exemptions, Economic Efficiency, Value-Added Tax (VAT) |
| JEL: | H2 H21 H23 F13 |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4627 |
| By: | Glenn P. Jenkins (Department of Economics Queen’s University, Canada, and Cambridge Resource International Inc.); Mikhail Miklyaev (Department of Economics Queen’s University, Canada, and Cambridge Resource International Inc.); Amin Sokhanvar (Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Owotomiwa C. Olubamiro (Cambridge Resources International Inc.); Osaid Alshamleh (Vienna University of Economics and Business, Cyprus International University, North Cyprus, and Cambridge Resources International Inc.) |
| Abstract: | This report provides a comprehensive analysis of Ethiopia's tax expenditures (TEs) on imported goods, focusing on indirect taxes such as customs duties, excise taxes, value-added tax (VAT), and surtax. The study, conducted for the 2016 Ethiopian fiscal year (July 2023–July 2024), quantifies the revenue foregone due to various tax provisions, including exemptions, deductions, and preferential rates, and evaluates their alignment with Ethiopia's economic and social objectives. The report introduces three new components to enhance the accuracy of TE estimations: (1) border exemption substitutions for duty drawbacks, (2) border exemption substitutions for VAT credits, and (3) the estimation of behavioral changes resulting from tax provisions. Key findings reveal that customs duties account for the largest share of tax expenditures (53.83%), followed by VAT (34.05%), surtax (8.90%), and excise taxes (3.23%). The analysis highlights the significant role of "Special Permissions, " which constitute 72.83% of total TEs, raising concerns about potential misuse and inefficiencies. The report also identifies the sectors and commodities that benefit most from tax incentives, with agriculture, manufacturing, and health receiving the largest shares of TEs. Electrical machinery, fertilizers, and base metals are among the top commodity groups contributing to TEs. This report underscores the need for enhanced transparency, accountability, and periodic evaluation of tax expenditures to ensure they align with national development goals. Policy recommendations include stricter monitoring of Special Permissions, redirecting resources to high-impact sectors, and introducing sunset clauses for temporary exemptions. The findings aim to inform future tax policy reforms, promoting fiscal sustainability and maximizing the developmental impact of tax expenditures in Ethiopia. |
| Keywords: | Customs Duties, Ethiopia, Excise Taxes, Indirect Taxes, Tax Expenditures, Value-Added Tax (VAT) |
| JEL: | H20 H25 H26 H32 O23 |
| Date: | 2025–02–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:qed:dpaper:4629 |
| By: | Shigeo Morita (Fukuoka University); Yukihiro Nishimura (Osaka University and CESifo); Hirofumi Okoshi (Okayama University) |
| Abstract: | As development of online market brings ongoing concerns that foreign app suppliers avoid value-added tax (VAT) in a domestic country, some countries design a tax reform which makes platform pay VAT instead of app suppliers (platform taxation). In the market where the monopoly platformer determines the prices of the network good and the commission fee of the platform services (with online apps as a representative example), this study investigates whether the prevention of tax leaks by platform tax improves the welfare of the host country, as well as the extent of the cross-market incidence of the two-sided market. We find that the tax reform reduces foreign app suppliers and consumption of a network good such as smartphones, with substantial extent of cross-market pass-through. The effect of the tax reform on home app suppliers crucially depends on the responsiveness of the app supplies from the number of users, which we call entry elasticity. Platform tax also increases the tax burden laid on the network product, but the monopoly seller let the increase of the tax burden born entirely by consumers. We also show that digitalization reduces the loss of welfare as well as tax planning by the platformer. |
| Keywords: | Value-added tax; Tax reform; Digital economy; Platform; Network externality |
| JEL: | F23 H26 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osk:wpaper:2502r |
| By: | Kuusi, Tero; Kotamäki, Mauri; Kirkko-Jaakkola, Mikael |
| Abstract: | Abstract Our analysis indicates that high marginal tax rates may diminish economic activity and weaken public finances in Finland. The existing literature credibly demonstrates that, particularly among highly productive workers, the distortive effects of taxation are more pronounced, impeding both career progression and intangible investments. Supporting research and development (R&D) activities can partially offset the adverse effects of stringent taxation. However, the innovation system should be optimized to effectively internalize the externalities associated with innovations. |
| Keywords: | Taxation, Marginal tax rate, Laffer curve, Externalities, Intangible capital |
| JEL: | D6 E6 H2 H3 J2 J3 |
| Date: | 2025–02–11 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rif:report:158 |
| By: | Luc Marco; Gregory Heem (GREDEG - Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion - UNS - Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UniCA - Université Côte d'Azur) |
| Abstract: | AVERTISSEMENT LIMINAIRE *Ce livre est la réédition d'une brochure parue chez Pigier en 1902 et réimprimée en 1914. Les recherches sur l'auteur ont été menées par Grégory Heem et Luc Marco à l'occasion de travaux destinés à des congrès comptables ou des colloques universitaires. Les lecteurs qui trouveraient des erreurs ou des omissions sont invités à les signaler sur le site de notre institut : ihpm.hypotheses.org.Chaque ouvrage est placé sous les auspices d'un symbole graphique fort : pour celui-ci ce sera le gouvernail d'un navire, placé à la fin de chaque chapitre ou annexe. Le mot gouvernail date du début du douzième siècle, à partir du latin gubernaculum (timon, gouvernail), du verbe gubernare (gouverner). Or d'où vient la gestion des entreprises et la comptabilité qui lui est associée sinon du gouvernement des institutions marchandes ? Dans le dictionnaire Littré de 1877, on trouve les références suivantes, qui peuvent nous donner des pistes de réflexion :-« Durant cette tempête, n'a-t-il pas (le cardinal de Richelieu) tenu le gouvernail d'une main et la boussole de l'autre ? » Voltaire. -« Dieu tient le clou du gouvernail, pour tourner leurs efforts à exécuter ses jugements. » Calvin. |
| Keywords: | Expert accountant, Chartered Accountant, Accounting history, Comptabilité, Expertise comptable, Expert-comptable, Profession comptables, La Moissoneuse, Tonkin, Savigny, Pigier, Comptable, Histoire - 20e siècle, Histoire comptable, Histoire de la profession comptable, Histoire de la comptabilité |
| Date: | 2024 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-04817451 |
| By: | Rebeca Anguren (BANCO DE ESPAÑA); Gabriel Jiménez (BANCO DE ESPAÑA); José-Luis Peydró (BANCO DE ESPAÑA) |
| Abstract: | We study the short-term effects of both tighter and looser bank capital requirements on bank risk-taking in a crisis period. We exploit credit register data matched with firm and bank level data in conjunction with changes in capital requirements stemming from Basel III, including the introduction of a SME supporting bank capital factor in the European Union. We find that tighter capital requirements reduce the supply of bank credit to firms, while looser capital requirements mitigate the credit supply effects of increasing capital. Importantly, at the loan level (credit supply), banks more affected by capital requirements temporarily change less the supply of credit to riskier than to safer firms, and these asymmetric effects occur for both the tightening and the loosening of bank capital requirements. Finally, these effects are also important at the firm-level for total credit availability and for firm survival. Interestingly, our results suggest that those banks most impacted by the tighter Basel III capital requirements prioritize credit among ex-ante riskier firms to avoid their closure, consistent with loan evergreening. |
| Keywords: | bank capital requirements, credit supply, bank risk-taking, Basel III, loan evergreening |
| JEL: | G21 G28 |
| Date: | 2025–01 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bde:wpaper:2508 |
| By: | Eiko Arata (Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University); Toru Hokari (Faculty of Economics, Keio University) |
| Abstract: | This paper aims to provide a theoretical foundation of what is known as “ Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), †focusing on depreciation. It is widely accepted that a depreciation method should be rational and systematic. There are many possible depreciation methods; however, only a few are used in practice, such as the straight-line method, the declining-balance method, the sum-of-the-years’ digits method, and the fair value measurement. We investigate through the axiomatic approach in what sense these depreciation methods can be considered rational and systematic. We provide a practical interpretation for each axiom examined in this paper and relate the axioms to accounting principles. Interestingly, it turns out that the straight-line method satisfies all axioms but consistency considered in the paper. Since the players are not humans in the model studied in the paper, it is not so clear whether the axiom of core selection is desirable or not in this context. In this paper, we provide a positive answer to this question. Namely, we show that three appealing axioms, population-monotonicity, the final year reasonableness, and conservatism, jointly imply core selection. |
| Keywords: | Axiomatic approach, Cooperative games, Depreciation |
| JEL: | C71 M41 |
| Date: | 2025–01–31 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2025-002 |
| By: | Bianca Minuth (ESCP Business School, Paris, France); Paul Pronobis (Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy) |
| Abstract: | This study examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance relates to firms’ disclosure tone in CSR reports and their resulting cost of capital. Our empirical analysis reveals that firms with superior CSR performance exhibit systematic patterns in their disclosure tone, characterized by increased usage of positive language and decreased usage of negative language. In contrast, firms with lower CSR performance show no significant strategic communication patterns. Our analysis reveals a complex relationship between CSR performance, disclosure tone, and cost of capital. While CSR performance and optimistic disclosure tone individually have positive associations with cost of capital, their interaction exhibits a significant negative relationship. This finding suggests that the impact of CSR performance on cost of capital is contingent on the optimistic tone employed in CSR disclosures. Firms with strong CSR performance can enhance the favorable impact on their financing costs by adopting a more optimistic disclosure tone, potentially offsetting the standalone positive association between CSR performance and cost of capital. Further analysis reveals that these effects are more pronounced in the pre-NFRD period, indicating that the transition from voluntary to mandatory reporting altered the economic consequences of CSR disclosure strategies. |
| Keywords: | CSR Performance; Disclosure Tone; Cost of Capital; Strategic Communication; Non-financial Reporting. |
| JEL: | M14 M48 Q5 G3 |
| Date: | 2025–02 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bzn:wpaper:bemps109 |
| By: | Charles Labrousse (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, INSEE - Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques (INSEE)); Yann Perdereau (PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement) |
| Abstract: | What are the effects of central bank balance sheet expansion, and should we worry about central bank losses? Using a Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian model incorporating money in utility and an endogenous zero lower bound (ZLB), we study the fiscal-monetary interaction of central bank balance sheet policies. We find that the overall efficiency of QE and QT policies depends on the combination of the expected future size of the balance sheet and the fiscal transmission of central bank losses. First, permanent balance sheet expansions stimulate the economy in the long-run and, by anticipation, increase inflation and output during the ZLB episode, as they interact with distortionary taxes and imperfect capital markets. Second, at the end of the ZLB, the central bank incurs losses: issuing securities to offset these losses is more welfare-enhancing than raising taxes. |
| Keywords: | Monetary policy, Heterogeneous agents, Balance sheet, Quantitative Easing, Quantitative Tightening, CB losses, Fiscal and monetary policy mix |
| Date: | 2024–05 |
| URL: | https://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:psewpa:halshs-04577286 |