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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Reio Tanji (Graduate School of Economics, Osaka University) |
| Abstract: | This paper identifies discrimination in the professional baseball league in the United States. We consider players, umpires, and team managers as employees, middle managers, and employers in general workplaces. Using huge pitch-bypitch tracking data of the Major League Baseball reveals that umpires from North America favor players with the same region when a pitcher from North America and a batter from other regions are facing. The impact of this is dramatic: players from other regions lose their chances to hit by the unfair pitch call, which values to loss of about $130,000 for in three years. |
| Keywords: | sports, discrimination, in-group bias, baseball |
| JEL: | D91 J01 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:osk:wpaper:2202&r= |
| By: | Thanasis Bouzidis (Department of Economics, University of Macedonia); Giannis Karagiannis (Department of Economics, University of Macedonia) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we adapt the ZSG-DEA model to the case of a reverse output, whose larger (smaller) values reflect lower (higher) achievements. Then, we introduce the zero-sum reverse output redistribution strategies, state the resulting Target’s Assessment Theorem for both the proportional and the equal expansion strategy, and confirm that the Benchmarks’ Contribution Equality Theorem is also applicable to these cases. We also apply the ZSG-DEA model with a forward and a reverse output to estimate respectively teams’ offensive and defensive efficiency in Greek premier soccer league. |
| Keywords: | Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA); Zero-Sum Gains (ZSG); Output Interdependency; Forward/Reverse Fixed-Sum Output; Offensive/Defensive Efficiency; Soccer Teams |
| JEL: | Z2 C14 C61 L83 |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mcd:mcddps:2022_06&r= |
| By: | Thomas Peeters (Erasmus University Rotterdam); Jan C. van Ours (Erasmus University Rotterdam) |
| Abstract: | We investigate whether national borders within Europe hinder the assortative matching of workers to firms in a high skilled labor market. We characterize worker productivity as the ability to contribute to physical output and define firm productivity as the capacity to transform physical output into revenues. We rank workers and firms according to their individual productivity estimates and study the ensuing rank correlation to gauge the degree of assortative matching within and across countries. We find strong evidence for positive assortative matching at the national level, and even more so at the international level. This suggests national borders do not prevent workers and firm from pursuing profitable complementarities in production. |
| Keywords: | Assortative matching, international worker mobility, football managers |
| JEL: | M51 J63 J24 Z22 |
| Date: | 2022–09–01 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tin:wpaper:20220057&r= |
| By: | Darwin Zhou |
| Abstract: | There has been a consistent criticism over the past decade of the NFL franchise tag's monetary limitations due to its biased institutions in favor of the team rather than the player. But the question whether the NFL's franchise tag is fair or unfair to players has never been systematically studied. In this paper, I investigate the effects of NFL players' contract extensions when on a franchise tag compared to when they are not and analyze them through statistical and economic lens. Through my research, I find that indeed the current franchise tag designation is unfair to players when it comes to contract extension. I then propose a solution to remedy this unfairness, that is, removing the opportunity to franchise tag players for multiple years, and adding an option for the player to either test free agency but receive zero pay until they settle on a contract (the team can also match the offer) or sign the franchise tag, to provide more flexibility for the player and the team. |
| Date: | 2022–08 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2208.06972&r= |