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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Nicolas Scelles (University of Stirling); Boris Helleu (CesamS - Centre d'étude sport et activités motrices - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Christophe Durand (CesamS - Centre d'étude sport et activités motrices - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université); Liliane Bonnal (CRIEF - Centre de Recherche sur l'Intégration Economique et Financière - Université de Poitiers); Stephen Morrow (University of Stirling) |
| Abstract: | The aim of this article is to investigate the explanatory variables of the number of Facebook fans and Twitter followers for professional sports clubs based on the financial value literature. Such explanatory variables are related to local market conditions and on-field and off-field performance. Based upon a sample of North American major league clubs and the most valuable European soccer clubs as evaluated by Forbes over the 2011-2013 period (423 observations), our results indicate a range of variables with a significant positive impact on the number of social media fans: population, no competing team in the market, current sports performance, historical sports performance, facility age, attendance, operating income, expenses/league mean, and being an English football club. An improved understanding of the effectiveness of clubs' social media presence is important for contemporary sport managers in terms of enhancing supporter communication, involvement, and accountability, as well as maximizing clubs' revenue generation possibilities. Our findings could help sport managers to realize their clubs' social media potential in pursuit of these objectives, specifically to understand which variables are under-exploited and why some clubs over-perform, which will allow managers to prioritize decisions to increase their number of social media fans and financial value. |
| Keywords: | financial value JEL Classification: L83,on-field and off-field performance variables,social media,Facebook fans,Twitter followers,professional sports clubs,North America,Europe,local market variables,Z23 |
| Date: | 2017–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-02110645&r=all |
| By: | Steckenleiter, Carina; Lechner, Michael; Pawlowski, Tim; Schüttoff, Ute |
| Abstract: | This paper analyzes the effect of local public expenditures on sports facilities on sports participation in Germany. To this end, we construct a new database containing public expenditures at the municipality level and link this information with individual level data. We form locally weighted averages of expenditures based on geographic distances since people also benefit from expenditures of neighboring municipalities. We analyze how effects of sports facility expenditures change with different expenditures levels (“dose-response relationship”) and find no effect of local public expenditures on sports facilities on the probability to practice sports. These findings are robust across different age groups and municipality sizes. |
| Keywords: | Sports, local public sports expenditure, continuous treatment, treatment effects doseresponse surface, semiparametric estimation |
| JEL: | H72 H75 C21 |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usg:econwp:2019:05&r=all |
| By: | Pawlowski, Tim; Steckenleiter, Carina; Wallrafen, Tim; Lechner, Michael |
| Abstract: | By merging administrative data on public finances of all municipalities in Germany with individual data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, we explore whether local public expenditures on sports facilities influences individual labor market outcomes. Our identification strategy follows a selection-on-observables approach and exploits the panel structure of the data covering 12 years between 2001 and 2012. The results of our matching estimations suggest that both women and men living in municipalities with high expenditure levels benefit, exhibiting approximately 7 percent of additional household net income on average. However, this income effect is fully captured by earning gains for men rather than women living in the household. Additional analysis suggests, that these gender differences, which can also be observed in terms of working time, hourly wage and employment status, appear plausible since women in the age cohort under consideration are less likely than men to engage in sports in general and in any of the publicly funded sports facilities in particular. Moreover, improved well-being and health are possible mechanisms that determine how the positive labor market effects for men may unfold. |
| Keywords: | Labor market effects, public expenditures, sports, health, well-being |
| JEL: | H72 H75 J31 |
| Date: | 2019–04 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:usg:econwp:2019:06&r=all |