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on Sports and Economics |
| By: | Csató, László |
| Abstract: | Tournament organizers supposedly design rules such that a team cannot be better off by exerting a lower effort. It is shown that the European qualifiers to the 2018 FIFA World Cup are not strategy-proof in this sense: a team might be eliminated if it wins in the last matchday of group stage, while it advances to play-offs by playing a draw, provided that all other results do not change. An example reveals that this scenario could have happened in October 2017, after four-fifth of all matches have already been played. We present a model and identify nine incentive incompatible qualifiers to recent UEFA European Championships or FIFA World Cups. A mechanism is suggested in order to seal the way of manipulation in group-based qualification systems. |
| Keywords: | OR in sport; 2018 FIFA World Cup; tournament ranking; mechanism design; strategy-proofness |
| JEL: | C44 C72 D71 |
| Date: | 2017–11–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:82652&r=spo |
| By: | Ransom, Michael R. (Brigham Young University); Ransom, Tyler (University of Oklahoma) |
| Abstract: | We examine the extent to which participation in high school athletics has beneficial effects on future education, labor market, and health outcomes. Due to the absence of plausible instruments in observational data, we use recently developed methods that relate selection on observables with selection on unobservables to estimate bounds on the causal effect of athletics participation. We analyze these effects in the US separately for men and women using three different nationally representative longitudinal data sets that each link high school athletics participation with later-life outcomes. We do not find consistent evidence of individual benefits reported in many previous studies – once we have accounted for selection, high school athletes are no more likely to attend college, earn higher wages, or participate in the labor force. However, we do find that men (but not women) who participated in high school athletics are more likely to exercise regularly as adults. Nevertheless, athletes are no less likely to be obese. |
| Keywords: | human capital, high school sports |
| JEL: | I20 J24 |
| Date: | 2017–10 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11110&r=spo |