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on Sociology of Economics |
| By: | Pierre Pelletier; Kevin Wirtz |
| Abstract: | This paper investigates the relationship between scientists' cognitive profile and their ability to generate innovative ideas and gain scientific recognition. We propose a novel author-level metric based on the semantic representation of researchers' past publications to measure cognitive diversity both at individual and team levels. Using PubMed Knowledge Graph (PKG), we analyze the impact of cognitive diversity on novelty, as measured by combinatorial novelty indicators and peer labels on Faculty Opinion. We assessed scientific impact through citations and disruption indicators. We show that the presence of exploratory individuals (i.e., cognitively diverse) is beneficial in generating distant knowledge combinations, but only when balanced by a significant proportion of exploitative individuals (i.e., cognitively specialized). Furthermore, teams with a high proportion of exploitative profiles tend to consolidate science, whereas those with a significant share of both profiles tend to disrupt it. Cognitive diversity between team members appears to be always beneficial to combining more distant knowledge. However, to maximize the relevance of these distant combinations of knowledge, maintaining a limited number of exploratory individuals is essential, as exploitative individuals must question and debate their novel perspectives. These specialized individuals are the most qualified to extract the full potential of novel ideas and integrate them within the existing scientific paradigm. |
| Date: | 2023–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:arx:papers:2312.10476&r=sog |
| By: | Dilger, Alexander |
| Abstract: | In der Wissenschaft lassen sich Wissenschaftler, Fachbereiche, Universitäten und Zeitschriften ranken. Ergebnisse für die BWL an der Universität Münster und ihre höchstgerankten Professoren, für die VWL und WI, die ganze Universität und für deutsche BWL-Zeitschriften werden vorgestellt. |
| Abstract: | In academia, scientists, departments, universities and journals can be ranked. Results for business administration at the University of Münster and its highest-ranked professors, for economics and information systems, the entire university and for German business administration journals are presented. |
| Keywords: | Münster, Ranking, Universität, Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Zitation |
| JEL: | I23 J24 M00 M50 |
| Date: | 2023 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:umiodp:280958&r=sog |
| By: | Marianna Brunetti (CEIS & DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"); Annalisa Fabretti (DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata"); Mariangela Zoli (CEIS & DEF, University of Rome "Tor Vergata") |
| Abstract: | In developed countries women have now achieved educational parity with men. Yet disparities persist in reaching top positions in the job market, with academia making no exception. This paper assesses the gender gap in career advancements in Italian universities over the 2013-2021 period, and explores the potential role of a third factor, i.e. mobility, besides competitiveness and scientific productivity typically investigated in the literature. The results, strongly robust, show a gender gap in advancements to associate professorship of about 4 percentage points, which is only partially explained by competitiveness, while scientific productivity and mobility do not seem to play a role. The estimated gender gap almost doubles for transitions to full professorship, and it remains unaffected when both competitiveness and scientific productivity are considered. Interestingly, mobility in this case matters: the gap is still there but (as much as 5 times) smaller when career advancements occur along with a move to a different University. |
| Keywords: | gender gap, competitiveness, productivity, mobility, higher education, academia |
| JEL: | J16 J71 |
| Date: | 2023–12–21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rtv:ceisrp:570&r=sog |